Multi-particle electrophoretic displays, including three and four-particle displays, and methods of driving such displays with waveforms having shaking pulses configured to reduce or eliminate image ghosting.
G09G 3/38 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source using electrochromic devices
2.
DRIVE SCHEME FOR REDUCED AREAL GHOSTING IN COLOR ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAYS
Waveforms for driving an electrophoretic displays including a color filter between a viewer and the electrophoretic medium. In some embodiments, the waveform results in each image update visiting the white state before the final state, thus the overall gamut is larger in aggregate and more predictable than simply driving the electrophoretic display including a color filter with the waveforms that are used for black and white grayscale displays. In other embodiments, it may be beneficial to use a waveform resulting in each image update visiting the black state before the final state,
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
G02F 1/1677 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
3.
DRIVING SEQUENCES FOR REDUCING IMAGE GHOSTING IN MULTIPARTICLE ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAYS
Multi-particle electrophoretic displays, including three and four-particle displays, and methods of driving such displays with waveforms having shaking pulses configured to reduce or eliminate image ghosting.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
Improved methods for driving a four-particle electrophoretic medium including a scattering particle and at least two subtractive particles. Such methods allow displays such as a color electrophoretic display including a backplane having an array of thin film transistors, wherein each thin film transistor includes a layer of metal oxide semiconductor. The metal oxide transistors allow faster, higher voltage switching, and thus allow direct color switching of a four-particle electrophoretic medium without a need for top plane switching. As a result, the color electrophoretic display can be updated faster and the colors are reproduced more reliably.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
7.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING REMNANT VOLTAGE DURING FAST UPDATES IN ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAYS
Methods for actively managing remnant voltage on backplane electrodes when driving an electrophoretic display, especially with short waveforms, such as used for scrolling, pinch-zoom, pulldown menus, and even video. The methods track the remnant voltage changes for each backplane electrode during a series of image updates and use same color transitions to either improve the optical quality state of the display pixel or to decrease the remnant voltage at the display pixel. Thus, it is not necessary to employ full reset pulses, which typically drive a backplane electrode to both extreme voltage states and appear very “flashy” to a user.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
An electrophoretic display comprising a fluid including a first species of particles and a charge control agent disposed between first and second electrodes. When a first addressing impulse have an electrical polarity is applied to the medium, the first species of particles move in one direction relative to the electric field, but when a second addressing impulse, larger than the first addressing impulse but having the same electrical polarity, is applied to the medium, the first species of particles move in the opposed direction relative to the electric field.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Methods for actively managing remnant voltage on backplane electrodes when driving an electrophoretic display, especially with short waveforms, such as used for scrolling, pinch-zoom, pulldown menus, and even video. The methods track the remnant voltage changes for each backplane electrode during a series of image updates and use same color transitions to either improve the optical quality state of the display pixel or to decrease the remnant voltage at the display pixel. Thus, it is not necessary to employ full reset pulses, which typically drive a backplane electrode to both extreme voltage states and appear very "flashy" to a user.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
10.
ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAYS AND METHODS FOR DISCHARGING REMNANT VOLTAGE USING BACKLIGHT
A method and apparatus for reducing a remnant voltage of an electro-optic display. The display includes a light-transmissive front electrode, a layer of electro-optic material, pixel electrodes, thin film transistors positioned adjacent to the electro-optic material, a light source positioned adjacent the thin film transistors, and a display driver coupled to the light source and to a gate and source line of each thin film transistor. Each thin film transistor includes a photo-sensitive semiconductor region. The layer of electro-optic material and the light source are disposed on opposite sides of the thin film transistors. The display driver is configured to apply substantially the same voltage to the front electrode and source lines of the thin film transistors, and activate a driving signal to the light source to emit a light having an intensity sufficient to activate the thin film transistors to create a conduction path for draining a remnant voltage.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A color electro-optic display includes a layer of electro-optic material having a light-transmissive electrode on a viewing side, an array of pixel electrodes on an opposite side, and a color filter array (CFA) on the viewing side. The pixel electrodes drive selected portions of the electro-optic material between white and black optical states. The CFA includes an array of pixels, each of which has at least three color filter elements. Each color filter element is aligned with a different one of the pixel electrodes such that the color of any color filter element is visible when the adjacent portion of the electro-optic material is driven to the white optical state, and not visible when driven to the black optical state. The colors of the color filter elements have the same lightness or a lightness difference no greater than 10L* to substantially eliminate visible CFA texture patterns in displayed images.
A color electro-optic display includes a layer of electro-optic material having a light-transmissive electrode on a viewing side, an array of pixel electrodes on an opposite side, and a color filter array (CFA) on the viewing side. The pixel electrodes drive selected portions of the electro-optic material between white and black optical states. The CFA includes an array of pixels, each of which has at least three color filter elements. Each color filter element is aligned with a different one of the pixel electrodes such that the color of any color filter element is visible when the adjacent portion of the electro-optic material is driven to the white optical state, and not visible when driven to the black optical state. The colors of the color filter elements have the same lightness or a lightness difference no greater than 10 L* to substantially eliminate visible CFA texture patterns in displayed images.
G02F 1/1677 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A color display, including an electrophoretic medium, wherein the display includes a processor configured to transform image source colors, which are typically standard RGB values, to electrophoretic display device colors, for example ACeP device colors, for displaying the image in the best possible colors on the color display. The processor uses a look up table that depends upon eight primary colors that are produced by the electrophoretic medium.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
14.
ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAYS, AND METHODS FOR DRIVING SAME
There are provided methods for driving an electro-optic display having a plurality of display pixels, a such method includes detecting a white-to-white graytone transition on a first pixel; and determining whether a threshold number of cardinal neighbors of the first pixel are not making a graytone transition from white to white, or if the first pixel is a color pixel, and apply a first waveform.
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G09G 3/38 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source using electrochromic devices
An electrophoretic medium comprises a fluid and first, second, third and fourth types of particles (W, Y, R, B) having four different colors. The first and third particles have charges of one polarity and the second and fourth particles charges of the opposite polarity; the first particles have a greater zeta potential or electrophoretic mobility than the third particles, and the second particles a greater zeta potential or electrophoretic mobility than the fourth particles. One particle is white (W), one non-white particle (R) is partially light-transmissive, and the remaining two non-white particles (B, Y) are light-reflective. A third light-reflective particle (G) may be added to create a five particle medium.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
G02F 1/1677 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
G02F 1/1685 - Operation of cellsCircuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
Methods for driving “spaced contact” electro-optic displays and “isolated electrode” electro-optic displays, such as electrophoretic displays including charged pigment particles disposed in a solvent that move in response to applied electric fields. The improved methods provide “wave switching” waveforms that have less visual “dead time” than prior art wave switching methods. The improved methods provide DC balanced waveforms that allow for a banner-type display to wave switch from a first color to a second color in a first direction and then return to the first color from the second color in an opposite direction. Such switching was not viable in prior art devices for fear of runaway remnant voltage build up that can destroy the display.
G02F 1/1685 - Operation of cellsCircuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Methods for driving "spaced contact" electro-optic displays and "isolated electrode" electro-optic displays, such as electrophoretic displays including charged pigment particles disposed in a solvent that move in response to applied electric fields. The improved methods provide "wave switching" waveforms that have less visual "dead time" than prior art wave switching methods. The improved methods provide DC balanced waveforms that allow for a banner-type display to wave switch from a first color to a second color in a first direction and then return to the first color from the second color in an opposite direction. Such switching was not viable in prior art devices for fear of runaway remnant voltage build up that can destroy the display.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
18.
A VARIABLE LIGHT TRANSMISSION DEVICE COMPRISING MICROCELLS
A variable light transmission device is disclosed, the variable light transmission device comprising two light transmissive electrode layers and a microcell layer having a plurality of microcells. Each of the plurality of microcells includes electrically charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, and a non-polar liquid. Upon application of an electric field, the amount of light passing through the device can be modulated.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
A variable light transmission device is disclosed, the variable light transmission device comprising two light transmissive electrode layers and a microcell layer having a plurality of microcells. Each of the plurality of microcells includes electrically charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, and a non-polar liquid. Upon application of an electric field, the amount of light passing through the device can be modulated.
An energy harvesting electro-optic display is disclosed comprising a photovoltaic cell that converts part of the incident light to electric current or voltage, wherein the electric current or voltage is used for the operation of the electro-optic display upon the conversion or stored in a storage component to be used for the operation of the display.
H10F 55/00 - Radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices covered by groups , or being structurally associated with electric light sources and electrically or optically coupled thereto
H10F 77/42 - Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
H10K 59/60 - OLEDs integrated with inorganic light-sensitive elements, e.g. with inorganic solar cells or inorganic photodiodes
21.
FRONT PLANE LAMINATES WITH OUTER SURFACE ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
A light-transmissive substrate having an inner surface, an outer surface opposite the inner surface, and a plurality of through holes. When coupled with a light-transmissive conductive material; such as indium tin oxide (ITO), the substrate provides electrical connections between a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer, which may be used as a top electrode in an electro-optic display, and contact spots on the outer surface of the light-transmissive substrate. Accordingly, the light-transmissive substrate allows for simpler electrical connections for electro-optic displays, especially for large format devices that may need to be cut or assembled in the field. Additionally, the redundancy of having tens to hundreds of electrical contacts minimizes the chance that a device will be rendered inoperable due to a broken electrical connection.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Low voltage piezo-electrophoretic films and display films including low profile piezo-electrophoretic films and displays. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric material of the piezo-electrophoretic films can be selectively patterned with high-voltage electric fields during or after fabrication of the piezo-electrophoretic films. Such films have high contrast ratio and are useful as security markers, authentication films, or sensors. The films are generally flexible. Some films are less than 100 μm in thickness. Some films are less than 50 μm in thickness. Displays formed from the films do not require an external power source.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A method of making a polymer film from a dispersion composition comprising an electrically conductive filler, a polymerizable monomer or oligomer, and an additive comprising a polycyclic aromatic group.
C09J 4/00 - Adhesives based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond
C09J 133/10 - Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Improved methods for driving color electro-optic displays, such as electrophoretic displays with multi-particle electrophoretic media. When driving between a first image having a high color depth (i.e., greater than 64 distinct colors) and a second image having a high color depth, the data processing load can be reduced by mapping the set of colors in the first image to a reduced color set (i.e., 8 colors). In a preferred embodiment, the electro-optic medium is an electrophoretic medium that includes a white particle and cyan, yellow, and magenta subtractive primary-colored particles. Images with high color depth look less grainy and are more appealing to consumers.
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
25.
FLEXIBLE SEGMENTED ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAYS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE
A flexible segmented electro-optic display and method of manufacture are disclosed. The display includes an electroactive layer having a front viewing side and an opposite rear side. The electroactive layer includes an encapsulated electrophoretic medium. A light transmissive common electrode layer is superposed on the front viewing side of the electroactive layer. A plurality of display segment electrodes are directly adjacent the rear side of the electroactive layer. Each of the display segment electrodes is associated with an adjacent portion of the encapsulated electrophoretic medium. A processor die is electrically connected to each of the plurality of display segment electrodes to apply voltages to selected display segment electrodes to drive the respective associated portions of the encapsulated electrophoretic medium among different optical states. A protective seal encapsulates the electroactive layer, the light transmissive common electrode layer, the plurality of display segment electrodes, and the processor die.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
G02F 1/1677 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
26.
METHODS FOR DELIVERING LOW-GHOSTING PARTIAL UPDATES IN COLOR ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAYS
Methods for improved partial updates in color electrophoretic displays. By identifying transition borders between pixels receiving null updates (no voltage sent to pixel electrode) and color updates, problematic pixels, which would have received null updates, are caused to update to a same color state, thereby reducing edge ghosting in the updated image and improving the color in the updated image.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
Provided herein is an electro-optic display having a layer of electrophoretic material, a first conductive layer, and a piezoelectric material positioned between the layer of electrophoretic material and the first conductive layer, the piezoelectric material overlaps with a portion of the layer of electrophoretic material, and a portion of the first conductive layer overlaps with the rest of the electrophoretic material.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Improved methods for driving color electro-optic displays, such as electrophoretic displays with multi-particle electrophoretic media. When driving between a first image having a high color depth (i.e., greater than 64 distinct colors) and a second image having a high color depth, the data processing load can be reduced by mapping the set of colors in the first image to a reduced color set. In a preferred embodiment, the electro-optic medium is an electrophoretic medium that includes a white particle and cyan, yellow, and magenta subtractive primary-colored particles. Images with high color depth look less grainy and are more appealing to consumers.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
29.
FLEXIBLE SEGMENTED ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAYS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE
A flexible segmented electro-optic display and method of manufacture are disclosed. The display includes an electroactive layer having a front viewing side and an opposite rear side. The electroactive layer includes an encapsulated electrophoretic medium. A light transmissive common electrode layer is superposed on the front viewing side of the electroactive layer. A plurality of display segment electrodes are directly adjacent the rear side of the electroactive layer. Each of the display segment electrodes is associated with an adjacent portion of the encapsulated electrophoretic medium. A processor die is electrically connected to each of the plurality of display segment electrodes to apply voltages to selected display segment electrodes to drive the respective associated portions of the encapsulated electrophoretic medium among different optical states. A protective seal encapsulates the electroactive layer, the light transmissive common electrode layer, the plurality of display segment electrodes, and the processor die.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Methods for improved partial updates in color electrophoretic displays. By identifying transition borders between pixels receiving null updates (no voltage sent to pixel electrode) and color updates, problematic pixels, which would have received null updates, are caused to update to a same color state, thereby reducing edge ghosting in the updated image and improving the color in the updated image.
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G09G 5/06 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed using colour palettes, e.g. look-up tables
31.
PRESSURE-SENSITIVE WRITING MEDIA COMPRISING ELECTROPHORETIC MATERIALS
Systems and methods are disclosed for pressure-sensitive, electrophoretic displays, which may optionally include haptic feedback. A display may comprise a first conductive layer having a pressure-sensitive conductivity and an electrophoretic layer positioned adjacent to the first conductive layer, wherein the electrophoretic layer is in electrical communication with the first conductive layer and is configured to locally change state based on a pressure applied to the first conductive layer. Local and global writing and erasing of the display can also be achieved.
G02F 1/1685 - Operation of cellsCircuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
32.
ELECTROPHORETIC DEVICE HAVING AN ADHESIVE LAYER COMPRISING CONDUCTIVE FILLER PARTICLES AND A POLYMERIC DISPERSANT
An electro-optic device is disclosed comprising a first light transmissive electrode layer, an electro-optic material layer, a durable conductive adhesive layer, and a second electrode layer. The adhesive layer comprises an acrylic resin, a conductive filler, and a polymeric dispersant.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
An electrophoretic medium is disclosed, the electrophoretic medium comprising a plurality of a first type of particles, a plurality of a second type of particles, and a non-polar liquid. Each of the plurality of the first type of particles has a core and a shell. The core comprises a pigment. The shell of the first type of particles comprises a polymer, the polymer being a homopolymer or a copolymer. The homopolymer is formed by a vinylnaphthalene and the copolymer is formed by a vinylnaphthalene and a first monomer.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
An electro-optic device is disclosed comprising a first light transmissive electrode layer, an electro-optic material layer, a durable conductive adhesive layer, and a second electrode layer. The adhesive layer comprises an acrylic resin, a conductive filler, and a polymeric dispersant.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Electrophoretic media are disclosed containing a plurality of charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, and a non-polar liquid. The molecular structure of the charge control agent includes two quaternary ammonium functional groups, two or more amide functional groups or two or more ester functional groups, and two or more aliphatic biradical units, each of the two or more aliphatic biradical units comprising a ring structure.
C09B 67/22 - Mixtures of different pigments or dyes or solid solutions of pigments or dyes
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
36.
AN ELECTROPHORETIC MEDIUM COMPRISING PARTICLES HAVING A PIGMENT CORE AND A POLYMERIC SHELL
An electrophoretic medium is disclosed, the electrophoretic medium comprising a plurality of a first type of particles, a plurality of a second type of particles, and a non-polar liquid. Each of the plurality of the first type of particles has a core and a shell. The core comprises a pigment. The shell of the first type of particles comprises a polymer, the polymer being a homopolymer or a copolymer. The homopolymer is formed by a vinylnaphthalene and the copolymer is formed by a vinylnaphthalene and a first monomer.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
37.
High Contrast Piezo-Electrophoretic Displays and Methods of Making the Same
Low voltage piezo-electrophoretic displays including low profile piezo-electrophoretic displays. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric material of the piezo-electrophoretic films can be selectively patterned with an insulating material during fabrication. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric material of the piezo-electrophoretic films can be selectively patterned with cuts, or partially-coated with a conductive material on a surface opposite to the electrode. Such films have high contrast ratio and are useful as security markers, authentication films, or sensors. The films are generally flexible. Some films are less than 100 μm in thickness. Some films are less than 50 μm in thickness. Displays formed from the films do not require an external power source.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Electrophoretic media are disclosed containing a plurality of charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, and a non-polar liquid. The molecular structure of the charge control agent includes two quaternary ammonium functional groups, two or more amide functional groups or two or more ester functional groups, and two or more aliphatic biradical units, each of the two or more aliphatic biradical units comprising a ring structure.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Low voltage piezo-electrophoretic displays including low profile piezo-electrophoretic displays. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric material of the piezo-electrophoretic films can be selectively patterned with an insulating material during fabrication. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric material of the piezo-electrophoretic films can be selectively patterned with cuts, or partially-coated with a conductive material on a surface opposite to the electrode. Such films have high contrast ratio and are useful as security markers, authentication films, or sensors. The films are generally flexible. Some films are less than 100 µm in thickness. Some films are less than 50 µm in thickness. Displays formed from the films do not require an external power source.
Method for driving an electrophoretic display layer to color states having improved a* and/or b* values. The display layer includes an electrophoretic medium with first, second, third, and fourth types of particles. The first and third particles have charges of opposite polarity than the second and fourth particles. The first particles have greater charge magnitude than the third particles. The second particles have greater charge magnitude than the fourth particles. The method includes (a) applying a pre-push voltage pulse of the first polarity and a given amplitude to the display layer for a first time period to promote separation of the first and third particles; and (b) applying push-pull voltage pulses to the display layer for a second time period to drive the display to a color state of the third particles. The push-pull voltage pulses alternate between the first and second polarity with amplitudes greater than the given amplitude.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Method for driving an electrophoretic display layer to color states having improved a* and/or b* values. The display layer includes an electrophoretic medium with first, second, third, and fourth types of particles. The first and third particles have charges of opposite polarity than the second and fourth particles. The first particles have greater charge magnitude than the third particles. The second particles have greater charge magnitude than the fourth particles. The method includes (a) applying a pre-push voltage pulse of the first polarity and a given amplitude to the display layer for a first time period to promote separation of the first and third particles; and (b) applying push-pull voltage pulses to the display layer for a second time period to drive the display to a color state of the third particles. The push-pull voltage pulses alternate between the first and second polarity with amplitudes greater than the given amplitude.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
A color electrophoretic display with improved black optical state includes an electrophoretic medium having five types of charged electrophoretic pigment particles in a non-polar fluid: a first particle having a first optical property and first charge polarity; a second particle having a second optical property and second opposite charge polarity with a first charge magnitude; a third particle having a third optical property and second charge polarity with a second charge magnitude smaller than the first charge; a fourth particle having a fourth optical property and second charge polarity with a third charge magnitude smaller than the second charge; and a fifth particle having a fifth optical property and second charge polarity with a fourth charge magnitude greater than the first charge. The first and fifth particles are white and black, respectively, and the second, third, and fourth particles are each a different one of cyan, magenta, and yellow.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A method and apparatus for reducing a remnant voltage of an electro-optic display. The display includes a light-transmissive front electrode, a layer of electro-optic material, pixel electrodes, thin film transistors positioned adjacent to the electro-optic material, a light source positioned adjacent the thin film transistors, and a display driver coupled to the light source and to a gate and source line of each thin film transistor. Each thin film transistor includes a photo-sensitive semiconductor region. The layer of electro-optic material and the light source are disposed on opposite sides of the thin film transistors. The display driver is configured to apply substantially the same voltage to the front electrode and source lines of the thin film transistors, and activate a driving signal to the light source to emit a light having an intensity sufficient to activate the thin film transistors to create a conduction path for draining a remnant voltage.
G02B 26/00 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT (Germany)
E INK CORPORATION (USA)
Inventor
Schneider, Peter
Graf, Gerhard
Abstract
A display device with a first e-paper element (2) having at least two types of colour pigments, wherein said first e-paper element is provided with a TFT active matrix (5) and is designed as a high-resolution bistable matrix display and forms a display element (6), wherein a second e-paper element (4; 4') having at least one type of colour pigment is provided on a front side (20) of the first e-paper element (2) forming a viewing side, which second e-paper element (4, 4') is provided with transparent electrodes and forms a low resolution masking display (7, 7'), is characterized in that the masking display (7, 7') has a first, outer segment (41, 41') of the second e-paper element (4, 4'), forming a frame (42, 42'), and in that the masking display (7, 7') has a second, inner segment (43, 43') surrounded by the frame (42, 42'), said second segment being cut out of the second e-paper element (4) or formed by an inner, transparency-switchable region (48) of the second e-paper element (4'), wherein the second, inner segment (43, 43') forms a view through region (25, 25') onto the first e-paper element (2).
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Fast response color waveforms for driving multi-particle color electrophoretic media to improve the user experience of a display, e.g. a tablet, monitor, or interactive sign, that incorporates multi-particle color electrophoretic media. In particular, the waveforms result in a sharp and immediate response, which is preferred when writing with a stylus, or typing on a keyboard, or interacting with an icon on a sign, such as a timetable.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
An electro-optic display having a plurality of pixels is driven from a first image to a second image using a first drive scheme, and then from the second image to a third image using a second drive scheme different from the first drive scheme and having at least one impulse differential gray level having an impulse potential different from the corresponding gray level in the first drive scheme. Each pixel which is in an impulse differential gray level in the second image is driven from the second image to the third image using a modified version of the second drive scheme which reduces its impulse differential The subsequent transition from the third image to a fourth image is also conducted using the modified second drive scheme but after a limited number of transitions using the modified second drive scheme, all subsequent transitions are conducted using the unmodified second drive scheme.
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
50.
FAST RESPONSE COLOR WAVEFORMS FOR MULTIPARTICLE ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAYS
Fast response color waveforms for driving multi-particle color electrophoretic media to improve the user experience of a display, e.g. a tablet, monitor, or interactive sign, that incorporates multi-particle color electrophoretic media. In particular, the waveforms result in a sharp and immediate response, which is preferred when writing with a stylus, or typing on a keyboard, or interacting with an icon on a sign, such as a timetable.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
An electrophoretic medium comprises a fluid, a first, light scattering particle (typically white) and second, third and fourth particles having three subtractive primary colors (typically magenta, cyan and yellow); at least two of these colored particles being non-light scattering. The first and second particles bear polymer coatings such that the electric field required to separate an aggregate formed by the third and the fourth particles is greater than that required to separate an aggregate formed from any other two types of particles. Methods for driving the medium to produce white, black, magenta, cyan, yellow, red, green and blue colors are also described.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A method for creating waveforms having a multi-transition structure for driving color electrophoretic displays is described. The method includes generating a set of seed candidate waveforms, and applying each seed candidate waveform to the display pixels of the color electrophoretic display. The method includes measuring the optical state of each color created at the display pixels by applying the seed candidate waveforms, and selecting a set of seed waveforms based on the optical measurements of the colors produced by applying each seed candidate waveform. The method also includes generating a first sequence of perturbation waveforms, and applying each perturbation waveform of the first sequence of perturbation waveforms to each seed waveform of the color electrophoretic display. The method also includes measuring the optical state of each color created at the display pixels by applying each perturbation waveform of the first sequence to each seed waveform.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
53.
METHOD OF DRIVING A COLOR ELECTOPHORETIC DISPLAY TO FORM IMAGES WITHOUT DITHERING
A method for creating waveforms having a multi-transition structure for driving color electrophoretic displays is described. The method includes generating a set of seed candidate waveforms, and applying each seed candidate waveform to the display pixels of the color electrophoretic display. The method includes measuring the optical state of each color created at the display pixels by applying the seed candidate waveforms, and selecting a set of seed waveforms based on the optical measurements of the colors produced by applying each seed candidate waveform. The method also includes generating a first sequence of perturbation waveforms, and applying each perturbation waveform of the first sequence of perturbation waveforms to each seed waveform of the color electrophoretic display. The method also includes measuring the optical state of each color created at the display pixels by applying each perturbation waveform of the first sequence to each seed waveform.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
Electrophoretic media are disclosed containing a plurality of charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, and a non-polar liquid. The charge control agents has a molecular structure comprising a quaternary ammonium functional group or an imidazolium cation, a hydrophobic tail, and a counter ion, the counter ion being an anion, the anion being a conjugate base of an acid, the acid having pKa of less than or equal to −2.5.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
11 11 is a hydrophobic moiety comprising a functional group selected from the group consisting of poly(hydroxystearic acid), poly(ricinoleic acid), and poly(isobutylene), and wherein the counter ion is trifluoromethanesulfonate.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
57.
Piezo-Electrophoretic Films and Displays, and Methods for Manufacturing the Same
Low voltage piezo-electrophoretic films and displays including low profile piezo-electrophoretic films. Piezo-electrophoretic displays having a layer of electrophoretic material, a first conductive layer, and a piezoelectric material positioned between the layer of electrophoretic material and the first conductive layer, where the piezoelectric material overlaps with a portion of the layer of electrophoretic material, and a portion of the first conductive layer overlaps with the rest of the electrophoretic material. Such films and displays exhibit a high contrast ratio and are useful as security markers, authentication films, or sensors. The films and displays are generally flexible. Some are less than 100 μm in thickness. Some are less than 50 μm in thickness. Piezo-electrophoretic films and displays formed according to the technology described herein do not require an external power source to change optical state.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A variable transmission electro-optic medium includes a plurality of electrically charged particles, a charge control agent, and a fluid. The charged particles are movable by application of an electric field. The charge control agent comprises an oligoamine-terminated polyolefin and a branched chain fatty acid comprising at least eight carbon atoms.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A variable transmission electro-optic medium includes a plurality of capsules and a binder. Each capsule contains a plurality of electrically charged particles and a fluid. The charged particles are movable by application of an electric field and are capable of being switched between an open state and a closed state. Absorbance of light of the capsules is greater in the closed state than the open state. The fluid includes one or more nonconjugated olefinic hydrocarbons.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
There are provided display controllers and driving methods related to those described in US Published Patent Application No. 2013/0194250. These include (a) a display controller having an update buffer, means for removing from the update buffer pixels not requiring updating, and means to ensure that pixels having certain special states are not removed from the update buffer; (b) a method of driving a bistable display wherein, in a pixel undergoing a white-to-white transition and lying adjacent another pixel undergoing a visible transition, there is applied to the pixel one or more balanced pulse pairs and at least one top-off pulse; (c) a method of driving a bistable display by overlaying a non-rectangular item over a pre-existing image content and then removing the item, where only pixels in the region of the item perform transitions (including self-transitions); and (d) a method of driving a bistable display in which a proportion of background pixels not undergoing an optical change are subjected to a refresh pulse to correct optical state drift.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
61.
CONTINUOUS PHOTOLITHOGRAPHIC FABRICATION PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SEAMLESS MICROSTRUCTURES USED IN ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAYS AND LIGHT MODULATING FILMS
A roll-to-roll method of fabricating seamless microstructures is provided, including the steps of: (a) continuously forming a laminated structure comprising a photomask film superimposed on a substrate with a layer of photo-sensitive material therebetween, the photomask film including a pattern of light-transmissive regions and light-blocking regions; (b) illuminating the photomask film of laminated structure formed in step (a) such that light passes through the light-transmissive regions of the photomask film to cure portions of the photo-sensitive material exposed by the light-transmissive regions, while leaving the remaining portions of the photo-sensitive material covered by the light-blocking regions uncured; (c) delaminating the photomask film from the photo-sensitive material selectively cured in step (b); and (d) removing the uncured portions of the photo-sensitive material to form a layer of microstructures on the substrate from the cured portions of the photo-sensitive material.
G03F 7/00 - Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printed surfacesMaterials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresistsApparatus specially adapted therefor
A color electrophoretic display with distinct switching areas formed by a segmented top plane electrode opposite driving pixel electrodes. The distinct areas are programmed to switch at different times, thereby reducing the “flashiness” seen by a viewer during an image update. In one embodiment, the color electrophoretic medium of the display includes a reflective white particle and three other sets of particles, each comprising a different color.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
Display apparatus includes reflective layer with reflective material with stacks of additional layers thereon. Each stack has an optically switchable layer. Switching elements are on a side of the reflective layer opposite to the stacks or form part of the reflective layer. Each switching element applies heating to a switchable portion of the optically switchable layer to change appearance of the switchable portion when viewed from the viewing side of the display apparatus. The optically switchable layer includes phase change material switchable between stable states each having a different refractive index. The phase change material switches by applying heat between the stable states. Switching the optically switchable layer causes the apparatus to provide one or both of the following effects for incident radiation within a predetermined frequency range: (i) a change in reflectivity of a factor of at least 50; or (ii) a change in phase within 5% of nπ/2 radians, where n is an integer.
G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
B42D 25/36 - Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
C09K 5/14 - Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
G02F 1/00 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics
H04N 9/31 - Projection devices for colour picture display
H10N 70/00 - Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
H10N 70/20 - Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
64.
CONTINUOUS PHOTOLITHOGRAPHIC FABRICATION PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SEAMLESS MICROSTRUCTURES USED IN ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAYS AND LIGHT MODULATING FILMS
A roll-to-roll method of fabricating seamless microstructures is provided, including the steps of: (a) continuously forming a laminated structure comprising a photomask film superimposed on a substrate with a layer of photo-sensitive material therebetween, the photomask film including a pattern of light-transmissive regions and light-blocking regions; (b) illuminating the photomask film of laminated structure formed in step (a) such that light passes through the light-transmissive regions of the photomask film to cure portions of the photo-sensitive material exposed by the light-transmissive regions, while leaving the remaining portions of the photo-sensitive material covered by the light-blocking regions uncured; (c) delaminating the photomask film from the photo-sensitive material selectively cured in step (b); and (d) removing the uncured portions of the photo-sensitive material to form a layer of microstructures on the substrate from the cured portions of the photo-sensitive material.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
An electro-optic display comprising at least two separate layers of electro-optic material, with one of these layers being capable of displaying at least one optical state which cannot be displayed by the other layer. The display is driven by a single set of electrodes between which both layers are sandwiched, the two layers being controllable at least partially independently of one another. Another form of the invention uses three different types of particles within a single electrophoretic layer, with the three types of particles being arranged to shutter independently of one another.
G02F 1/1347 - Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A variable light transmittance sheet comprises a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, and between the electrodes an electrophoretic cell containing an electrophoretic ink and one or more non-planar solid polymer elements. In an embodiment, the electrophoretic ink includes charged particles in a suspending fluid, and 75% or more by mass of the suspending fluid is an organosilicone or an aliphatic hydrocarbon and the solid polymer is a fluorinated elastomeric polymer.
E06B 9/24 - Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshineSimilar screens for privacy or appearance
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A touch-enabled electro-optic display device (300) has a stack of layers including, in order: a first electrode layer (224) at a viewing surface of the touchscreen electro-optic display device (300); a dielectric layer (206); a second electrode layer (226); a semi-conductive layer (308); an electro-optic medium layer; and a third electrode layer. The second electrode layer, the semi-conductive layer, the electro-optic medium layer (216), and the third electrode layer formed on a backplane (222) form an electro-optic device (300) in which the electro-optic medium layer (216) is addressed by applying a driving voltage to the third electrode layer while holding the voltage on the second electrode layer (226) constant. The first electrode layer (224), the dielectric layer (206), and the second electrode layer (226) form a capacitive touch sensor that detects a touch input by sensing a change in capacitance at a touched point on the first electrode layer (224).
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
G06F 3/041 - Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
G06F 3/044 - Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
68.
ELECTROPHORETIC DEVICE HAVING TRANSPARENT LIGHT STATE
A light attenuator includes cells, each having a first substrate including a first light-transmissive electrode; a second substrate including a second light-transmissive electrode, the second substrate being spaced apart from the first substrate to define a gap between the substrates; an electrophoretic ink including charged particles in a suspending fluid in the gap; and a non-planar, polymeric structure adjacent the second substrate comprising a plurality of aperiodic microstructures, a surface of the polymeric structure extending into the gap and creating a non-planar interface with the ink. The light attenuator has a first state in which the particles are distributed throughout the fluid and lie in the path of light traversing the cell, thereby attenuating light passing through the light attenuator, and a second state in which the particles move adjacent the polymeric structure surface and are substantially removed from the path of light traversing the cell, thereby transmitting light passing through the light attenuator.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
G02F 1/1677 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
G02F 1/1679 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells
69.
ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAY WITH AN ELECTRO-OPTIC MATERIAL LAYER HAVING A BINDER COMPRISING A POLYMER WITH A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM GROUP AND A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
An electro-optic display comprises an electro-optic material layer, the electro-optic material layer comprising an electrophoretic medium encapsulated in a plurality of microcapsules dispersed in a binder. The binder of the electro-optic material layer comprises a polymer containing one or more quaternary ammonium functional groups in its molecular structure. The binder provides antimicrobial protection and enables improved electro-optic performance and an efficient and robust method of manufacturing the electro-optic display.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
70.
A COLOR ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAY COMPRISING A LIGHT FASTNESS ADDITIVE
A color electro-optic display (100, 200, 300) is disclosed that comprises an electrophoretic medium (122, 222) including different types of charged pigment particles (262, 272), a light fastness additive, and a non-polar liquid, at least one of the different types of charged pigment particles is an organic electroactive compound. The light fastness additive is an electron acceptor and it improves the light fastness of the color electrophoretic display.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAY WITH AN ELECTRO-OPTIC MATERIAL LAYER HAVING A BINDER COMPRISING A POLYMER WITH A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM GROUP AND A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME
An electro-optic display comprises an electro-optic material layer, the electro-optic material layer comprising an electrophoretic medium encapsulated in a plurality of microcapsules dispersed in a binder. The binder of the electro-optic material layer comprises a polymer containing one or more quaternary ammonium functional groups in its molecular structure. The binder provides antimicrobial protection and enables improved electro-optic performance and an efficient and robust method of manufacturing the electro-optic display.
G02F 1/00 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics
C09D 5/14 - Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
C09D 129/04 - Polyvinyl alcoholPartially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A color electro-optic display is disclosed that comprises an electrophoretic medium including charged pigment particles, a light fastness additive, and a non-polar solvent, an organic electroactive compound, and a non-polar liquid. The light fastness additive is an electron acceptor and it improves the light fastness of the color electrophoretic display.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A touch-enabled electro-optic display device has a stack of layers including, in order: a first electrode layer at a viewing surface of the touchscreen electro-optic display device; a dielectric layer; a second electrode layer; a semi-conductive layer; an electro-optic medium layer; and a third electrode layer. The second electrode layer, the semi-conductive layer, the electro-optic medium layer, and the third electrode layer form an electro-optic device in which the electro-optic medium layer is addressed by applying a driving voltage to the third electrode layer while holding the voltage on the second electrode layer constant. The first electrode layer, the dielectric layer, and the second electrode layer form a capacitive touch sensor that detects a touch input by sensing a change in capacitance at a touched point on the first electrode layer.
G02F 1/1685 - Operation of cellsCircuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
The present invention is directed to a sealing layer that comprises a poly(vinyl alcohol) homopolymer or a poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) copolymer, a polyurethane, and a conductive filler. The sealing layer shows good barrier properties to a non-polar fluid. The sealing layer can be used to seal microcells of electro-optic devices, contributing to improved good electro-optic performance of the device, especially at low temperatures.
C08L 29/04 - Polyvinyl alcoholPartially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
C09D 129/04 - Polyvinyl alcoholPartially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
An electro-optic display and driving method are disclosed. The electro-optic display includes a layer of electrophoretic material disposed between a common electrode and a backplane. The backplane includes an array of pixel electrodes, each coupled to a pixel transistor. A controller provides time-dependent voltages to the gate line, the source line, and the common electrode of each pixel transistor. The driving method includes applying a first stage voltage to the gate line. The first stage voltage has a first magnitude that is substantially half of a gate low voltage for placing the pixel transistor in a non-conducting state. The first stage voltage is maintained on the gate line for a first period of time. Then, a second stage voltage is applied to the gate line, where the second stage voltage has a second magnitude that is substantially the gate low voltage for placing the pixel transistor in the non-conducting state.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
An electro-optic display and driving method are disclosed. The electro-optic display includes a layer of electrophoretic material disposed between a common electrode and a backplane. The backplane includes an array of pixel electrodes, each coupled to a pixel transistor. A controller provides time-dependent voltages to the gate line, the source line, and the common electrode of each pixel transistor. The driving method includes applying a first stage voltage to the gate line. The first stage voltage has a first magnitude that is substantially half of a gate low voltage for placing the pixel transistor in a non-conducting state. The first stage voltage is maintained on the gate line for a first period of time. Then, a second stage voltage is applied to the gate line, where the second stage voltage has a second magnitude that is substantially the gate low voltage for placing the pixel transistor in the non-conducting state.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
77.
LARGE-AREA ELECTRO-OPTIC LIGHT MODULATOR OR DISPLAY
A large-area switchable electro-optic light modulator or display and method of manufacture are disclosed. The large-area light modulator comprises an array of individual light modulator units sandwiched between two larger light-transmissive substrates coated on their inner surfaces with light-transmissive electrode layers with electrical connections to each unit that do not compromise the transparency of the light modulator in an open state. The large-area display comprises an array of individual display units. A large-area light-transmissive substrate coated on its inner surface with a light-transmissive electrode layer is superposed on the individual display units with electrical connections to each unit that do not compromise the transparency of the display. The light modulator and the display can be readily manufactured using conventional equipment.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A large-area switchable electro-optic light modulator or display and method of manufacture are disclosed. The large-area light modulator comprises an array of individual light modulator units sandwiched between two larger light-transmissive substrates coated on their inner surfaces with light-transmissive electrode layers with electrical connections to each unit that do not compromise the transparency of the light modulator in an open state. The large-area display comprises an array of individual display units. A large-area light-transmissive substrate coated on its inner surface with a light-transmissive electrode layer is superposed on the individual display units with electrical connections to each unit that do not compromise the transparency of the display. The light modulator and the display can be readily manufactured using conventional equipment.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
12 - Land, air and water vehicles; parts of land vehicles
Goods & Services
Apparatus and instruments for recording, transmitting,
reproducing or processing sound, images or data for
segmented displays, digital displays, colour changing
e-paper panels and films; recorded and downloadable media,
computer software for segmented displays, digital displays,
colour changing e-paper panels and films; computer hardware
and software in the field of text, image and sound
transmission and display for segmented displays, digital
displays, colour changing e-paper panels and films;
computers for segmented displays, digital displays, colour
changing e-paper panels and films; computer peripheral
devices for segmented displays, digital displays, colour
changing e-paper panels and films; computer displays;
electronic book readers; electronic book reader covers;
visual display screens; touch screens; electronic writing
tablets; electronic displays; electronic paper display
devices; electronic interactive displays; tablet computer
displays; digital tablets; digital signs; digital photo
frames; digital signage display monitors and panels;
electronic signs; electronic notice boards; electronic
numeric displays; electronic road signs; electrophoretic and
liquid crystal, displays and devices; electronic tags;
electronic tags for goods; portable electronic device for
the display of electronically published materials, namely,
books, journals, newspapers, magazines, and multimedia
presentations; downloadable computer application software
for segmented displays, digital displays, colour changing
e-paper panels and films; electronic controller for
operating electronically alterable window tinting;
electronic devices for receiving and reading text and images
through wireless internet access and for displaying
electronically published materials, namely, books, journals,
newspapers, magazines, multimedia presentations; displays
for vehicles; head-mounted displays; head-up displays for
vehicles; interactive touchscreen terminals; portable media
players; solar batteries; video screens; video-receivers;
wearable video display monitors; parts and fittings for all
the aforesaid goods. Vehicle bodies; windows for vehicles; vehicle door panels;
sun roofs for vehicles; vehicle mirrors; automotive interior
trim; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods.
An electro-optic device is disclosed comprising an electro-optic material layer, a barrier layer that is adjacent to the electro-optic material layer, and an adhesive layer comprising a dopant, wherein the electro-optic material layer, the barrier layer, and the adhesive layer are disposed between two electrode layers. The barrier layer prevents or reduces the diffusion of the dopant and other material from one layer of the electro-optic device to another layer, protecting from degradation of components of the device and enabling good electro-optic performance.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A hybrid display including an emissive display adjacent a variable transmission display. The hybrid display device typically includes a controller. The emissive display provides an image that is viewable from a viewing location, and the variable transmission medium is positioned relative to the emissive display to partially alter the image at the viewing location. The controller generates a desired altered image at the viewing location by controlling the electrophoretic image display or the variable transmission medium. The display device can include an ambient light sensor. The hybrid display can be incorporated into a combination display by combining the hybrid display with one or more additional electrophoretic displays.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
An electro-optic device is disclosed comprising an electro-optic material layer, a barrier layer that is adjacent to the electro-optic material layer, and an adhesive layer comprising a dopant, wherein the electro-optic material layer, the barrier layer, and the adhesive layer are disposed between two electrode layers. The barrier layer prevents or reduces the diffusion of the dopant and other material from one layer of the electro-optic device to another layer, protecting from degradation of components of the device and enabling good electro-optic performance.
COORDINATED TOP ELECTRODE - DRIVE ELECTRODE VOLTAGES FOR SWITCHING OPTICAL STATE OF ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAYS USING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE VOLTAGES OF DIFFERENT MAGNITUDES
A system for simplified driving of electrophoretic media using a positive and a negative voltage source, where the voltage sources have different magnitudes, and a controller that cycles the top electrode between the two voltage sources and ground while coordinating driving at least two drive electrodes opposed to the top electrode. The resulting system can achieve roughly the same color states as compared to supplying each drive electrode with six independent drive levels and ground. Thus, the system simplifies the required electronics with only marginal loss in color gamut. The system is particularly useful for addressing an electrophoretic medium including four sets of different particles, e.g., wherein three of the particles are colored and subtractive and one of the particles is light-scattering.
G02F 1/1685 - Operation of cellsCircuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
84.
Electrophoretic Particles Comprising an Organic Pigment and Graphene Oxide
An electrophoretic medium comprises a plurality of a first type of charged particles in a non-polar liquid. Each of the plurality of the first type of charged particles has a core and a shell. The core comprises an organic pigment and a graphene oxide layer. The shell comprises an organosilane layer and a polymeric layer. The electrophoretic medium may be incorporated in a color electrophoretic device to improve its electro-optic performance.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
An electrophoretic medium comprises a plurality of a first type of charged particles in a non-polar liquid. Each of the plurality of the first type of charged particles has a core and a shell. The core comprises an organic pigment and a graphene oxide layer. The shell comprises an organosilane layer and a polymeric layer. The electrophoretic medium may be incorporated in a color electrophoretic device to improve its electro-optic performance.
C09B 67/00 - Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing, properties of dyestuffs without chemical reaction, e.g. by treating with solventsProcess features in the making of dyestuff preparationsDyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
C09C 3/12 - Treatment with organosilicon compounds
G02F 1/00 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Low voltage piezo-electrophoretic films and display films including low profile piezo-electrophoretic films and displays. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric material of the piezo-electrophoretic films can be selectively patterned with high-voltage electric fields during or after fabrication of the piezo-electrophoretic films. Such films have high contrast ratio and are useful as security markers, authentication films, or sensors. The films are generally flexible. Some films are less than 100 pm in thickness. Some films are less than 50 pm in thickness. Displays formed from the films do not require an external power source.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
H10N 30/045 - Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning by polarising
87.
ELECTRO-OPTIC DEVICE HAVING ELECTROPHORETIC MEDIUM COMPRISING AN ORGANIC ELECTROACTIVE COMPOUND
An electro-optic device is disclosed that comprises an electrophoretic medium including electrically charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, an organic electroactive compound, and a non-polar liquid. The electrophoretic medium is included in a plurality of microcells. The composition of the electrophoretic medium enables the reduction of remnant voltage of the electro-optic device and the degradation of the electrodes and other components of the device even after operation using DC-imbalance waveform.
G02F 1/00 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
G02F 1/1685 - Operation of cellsCircuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
88.
AN ELECTRO-OPTIC DEVICE HAVING ELECTROPHORETIC MEDIUM COMPRISING AN ORGANIC ELECTROACTIVE COMPOUND
An electro-optic device is disclosed that comprises an electrophoretic medium including electrically charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, an organic electroactive compound, and a non-polar liquid. The electrophoretic medium is included in a plurality of microcells. The composition of the electrophoretic medium enables the reduction of remnant voltage of the electro-optic device and the degradation of the electrodes and other components of the device even after operation using DC-imbalance waveform.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Apparatus and instruments for recording, transmitting,
reproducing or processing sound, images or data; recorded
and downloadable media, computer software; computer hardware
and software in the field of text, image and sound
transmission and display; computers; computer peripheral
devices; computer displays; electronic book readers;
electronic book reader covers; visual display screens; touch
screens; electronic writing tablets; electronic displays;
electronic paper display devices; electronic interactive
displays; tablet computer displays; digital tablets; digital
signs; digital photo frames; digital signage display
monitors and panels; electronic signs; electronic notice
boards; electronic numeric displays; electronic road signs;
electrophoretic and liquid crystal, displays and devices;
electronic tags; electronic tags for goods; portable
electronic device for the display of electronically
published materials, namely, books, journals, newspapers,
magazines, and multimedia presentations; downloadable
computer application software; electronic controller for
operating electronically alterable window tinting;
electronic devices for receiving and reading text and images
through wireless internet access and for displaying
electronically published materials, namely, books, journals,
newspapers, magazines, multimedia presentations; displays
for vehicles; head-mounted displays; head-up displays for
vehicles; interactive touchscreen terminals; portable media
players; solar batteries; video screens; video-receivers;
wearable video display monitors; parts and fittings for all
the aforesaid goods.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Computer peripheral devices; electronic book readers;
electronic book reader covers; electronic writing tablets;
electronic paper display devices; electrophoretic and liquid
crystal, displays and devices; electronic tags; electronic
tags for goods; electronic controller for operating
electronically alterable window tinting; displays for
vehicles; head-up displays for vehicles; solar batteries;
video-receivers; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid
goods.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Apparatus and instruments for recording, transmitting,
reproducing or processing sound, images or data; recorded
and downloadable media, computer software; computer hardware
and software in the field of text, image and sound
transmission and display; computers; computer peripheral
devices; computer displays; electronic book readers;
electronic book reader covers; visual display screens; touch
screens; electronic writing tablets; electronic displays;
electronic paper display devices; electronic interactive
displays; tablet computer displays; digital tablets; digital
signs; digital photo frames; digital signage display
monitors and panels; electronic signs; electronic notice
boards; electronic numeric displays; electronic road signs;
electrophoretic and liquid crystal, displays and devices;
electronic tags; electronic tags for goods; portable
electronic device for the display of electronically
published materials, namely, books, journals, newspapers,
magazines, and multimedia presentations; downloadable
computer application software; electronic controller for
operating electronically alterable window tinting;
electronic devices for receiving and reading text and images
through wireless internet access and for displaying
electronically published materials, namely, books, journals,
newspapers, magazines, multimedia presentations; displays
for vehicles; head-mounted displays; head-up displays for
vehicles; interactive touchscreen terminals; portable media
players; solar batteries; video screens; video-receivers;
wearable video display monitors; parts and fittings for all
the aforesaid goods.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Apparatus and instruments for recording, transmitting,
reproducing or processing images or data; recorded and
downloadable media, computer software; computer hardware and
software in the field of text, image transmission and
display; computers; computer peripheral devices; computer
displays; electronic book readers; electronic book reader
covers; visual display screens; touch screens; electronic
writing tablets; electronic displays; electronic paper
display devices; electronic interactive displays; tablet
computer displays; digital tablets; digital signs; digital
photo frames; digital signage display monitors and panels;
electronic signs; electronic notice boards; electronic
numeric displays; electronic road signs; electrophoretic and
liquid crystal, displays and devices; electronic tags;
electronic tags for goods; portable electronic device for
the display of electronically published materials, namely,
books, journals, newspapers, magazines, and multimedia
presentations; downloadable computer application software;
electronic controller for operating electronically alterable
window tinting; electronic devices for receiving and reading
text and images through wireless internet access and for
displaying electronically published materials, namely,
books, journals, newspapers, magazines, multimedia
presentations; displays for vehicles; head-mounted displays;
head-up displays for vehicles; interactive touchscreen
terminals; solar batteries; video screens; wearable video
display monitors; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid
goods.
93.
DEVICES, METHODS, AND SYSTEMS FOR VISUALIZING ELECTROWETTING PATHING USING ELECTROPHORETIC MATERIALS
Electrophoretic visualization devices for interfacing with a processing unit configured to drive electrowetting on dielectric (EWoD) digital microfluidic devices. The visualization devices allow a user to visualize droplet pathing in the microfluidic workspace as well as implementation of magnetic fields and heat. Using the visualization devices, a researcher can test pathing protocols, magnetic engagement, and heating without using an actual digital microfluidic device or chemical reagents.
B01L 3/00 - Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glasswareDroppers
G02B 26/00 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
94.
DEVICES, METHODS, AND SYSTEMS FOR VISUALIZING ELECTROWETTING PATHING USING ELECTROPHORETIC MATERIALS
Electrophoretic visualization devices for interfacing with a processing unit configured to drive electrowetting on dielectric (EWoD) digital microfluidic devices. The visualization devices allow a user to visualize droplet pathing in the microfluidic workspace as well as implementation of magnetic fields and heat. Using the visualization devices, a researcher can test pathing protocols, magnetic engagement, and heating without using an actual digital microfluidic device or chemical reagents.
Method for manufacturing segmented electro-optic display backplanes includes (a) providing a laminate comprising an insulating layer having opposite first and second surfaces and a conductive metal layer having opposite first and second surfaces (the insulating layer second surface is superposed on the conductive metal layer first surface); (b) applying laser energy from a first laser source passing through the insulating layer onto selected portions of conductive metal layer first surface to cause adjacent portions of the insulating layer to be pyrolyzed to form conductive carbon regions; (c) applying laser energy from a second laser source on the insulating layer first surface to pyrolyze selected portions thereof into conductive carbon segments electrically isolated from each other by other portions of the insulating layer. The conductive carbon regions in the insulating layer form vias between each of the conductive carbon segments and one of the selected portions of the conductive metal layer.
H05K 3/10 - Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
H05K 3/40 - Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
G02F 1/00 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics
Method for manufacturing segmented electro-optic display backplanes includes (a) providing a laminate comprising an insulating layer having opposite first and second surfaces and a conductive metal layer having opposite first and second surfaces (the insulating layer second surface is superposed on the conductive metal layer first surface); (b) applying laser energy from a first laser source passing through the insulating layer onto selected portions of conductive metal layer first surface to cause adjacent portions of the insulating layer to be pyrolyzed to form conductive carbon regions; (c) applying laser energy from a second laser source on the insulating layer first surface to pyrolyze selected portions thereof into conductive carbon segments electrically isolated from each other by other portions of the insulating layer. The conductive carbon regions in the insulating layer form vias between each of the conductive carbon segments and one of the selected portions of the conductive metal layer.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
An electro-optic display comprising at least two separate layers of electro-optic material, with one of these layers being capable of displaying at least one optical state which cannot be displayed by the other layer. The display is driven by a single set of electrodes between which both layers are sandwiched, the two layers being controllable at least partially independently of one another. Another form of the invention uses three different types of particles within a single electrophoretic layer, with the three types of particles being arranged to shutter independently of one another.
G02F 1/1347 - Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
A switchable light modulator device (201, 202, 203, 204, 205) comprises a first substrate (101, 102, 103) and a second substrate (141, 142, 143, 144) with opposite major surfaces spaced apart by one or more polymer structures that each comprise two or more parts and define wall features (21b, 22b, 23b) for a plurality of cavities (111, 112, 113, 114), the cavities sealing a fluid (71, 72, 73, 74) or gel in discrete volumes. Each of the one or more polymer structures comprises a mould part (21, 22, 23) bonded to the first substrate and defining a recess (31, 32, 33), and a cast part (81, 82, 83, 84) filling the recess and bonded to the second substrate and a surface of the recess, the cast part being defined by the surface of the recess and the second substrate replicating the surfaces of both.
A light attenuator that provides transparent light states and absorbing dark states for use in selectively controlling light, especially for smart glass applications. The light attenuator includes abutting areas of attenuation and transparency that form a repeat pattern or a quasi-repeat pattern. The attenuating areas are visible when the light attenuator is in the light state, but the repeat pattern is sufficiently large that a viewer looks through the attenuator and sees no haze.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02F 1/133 - Constructional arrangementsOperation of liquid crystal cellsCircuit arrangements
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
100.
ELECTRO-OPTIC ASSEMBLIES AND MATERIALS FOR USE THEREIN
An electro-optic medium including an encapsulated material and a binder, the encapsulated material being configured to switch optical states upon application of an electric field, and the binder including a polymer having a plurality of side chains, wherein at least a portion of the side chains have an ionic moiety.
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
