The purpose of the present invention is to provide an aluminum nitride thin film that has excellent chemical stability such as conductivity and corrosion resistance and excellent thermal conductive properties. This aluminum nitride thin film includes at least nitrogen and oxygen, and is characterized by being in a non-crystalline state and having conductivity.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-cost, practical hybrid cell system having longer output time and shorter charging time than past systems. The hybrid cell system has a first cell having a structure in which the positive pole includes a conductive polymer, and having medium energy density and high output density, a second cell having high energy density and low output density, and a controller that performs control such that, in instances in which high current output is to be utilized, supplies current from the first cell, and in instances in which low current output is to be utilized, supplies current from the second cell.
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
By use of an electrically conductive polymer composition according to the present invention, it becomes possible to produce an electrically conductive polymer layer having improved strength (durability). Therefore, the composition can be used for an actuator for which a telescopic operation is required, and is useful. It also becomes possible to readily produce an electrically conductive polymer electrode or the like by integrating the electrically conductive polymer layer and a current collector together by lamination or adhesion. The electrically conductive polymer electrode or the like can be applied to an electrical storage device or the like, and is therefore useful. An electrically conductive polymer composition characterized by comprising an electrically conductive high-molecular-weight monomer, a compound containing a phenolic hydroxy group, and an electrolyte anion.
C08L 101/12 - Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
C08G 61/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
C08L 65/00 - Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chainCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
H01B 1/12 - Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materialsSelection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
H01G 9/028 - Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ
H01M 4/137 - Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
Compared to a metal layer (plating layer) formed on the surface of or inside of a polyelectrolyte obtained using only conventional electroless plating, the disclosed method uses electroplating to produce a polyelectrolyte complex which is capable of suppressing surface resistance, increasing adhesion to the polyelectrolyte, ensuring film thickness (plating thickness) of a metal layer in a short time, simplifying the number of steps, easily adjusting the plating thickness and electrode shape, and further capable of easy lamination of dissimilar metals. Also disclosed is a polyelectrolyte complex obtained by the aforementioned method. The disclosed method for producing a polyelectrolyte complex involves a step for forming, by electroplating, a metal layer at least deeper than the surface of the polyelectrolyte.
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CORPORATION (Japan)
Inventor
Ito,kengo
Matsushiro,dai
Yamada,sunao
Akiyama,tsuyoshi
Abstract
Provided is a photoelectric conversion element which is inexpensive due to nonuse of a transparent electroconductive substrate, titanium oxide, etc. The element includes a metal layer which has been formed so as to have a fine structure in order to enable a larger amount of dye molecules to be adsorbed onto and affixed to the metal layer, thereby improving the efficiency of dye sensitization. The metal layer serves as an electrode having an increased surface area (effective area) to enhance the efficiency of photoelectric conversion on the basis of the effect of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The element contains a specific electron acceptor and a specific redox couple, and hence can generate a practical level of photoelectric current upon light irradiation only without requiring electromotive force. Also provided are a process for producing the photoelectric conversion element; and a polymer electrolyte membrane solar cell which includes the photoelectric conversion element. The photoelectric conversion element comprises a polymer electrolyte, a metal layer, and dye molecules, and is characterized in that the photoelectric conversion element contains at least one substance selected from a group consisting of quinones, alloxazine derivatives, and ferrocene derivatives, the metal layer is in contact with the polymer electrolyte, the metal layer has been formed on a surface of the polymer electrolyte and/or inside the polymer electrolyte, and the dye molecules are adsorbed onto the metal layer.
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CORPORATION (Japan)
Inventor
Ito,kengo
Yamada,sunao
Akiyama,tsuyoshi
Abstract
Disclosed is a low-cost photoelectric conversion element, which does not use a transparent conductive substrate or titanium oxide, and wherein a metal layer is formed to have a nano structure and thus to have an increased surface area (effective area) as an electrode in order to improve the dye sensitization efficiency by increasing the amount of dye molecules adsorbed and fixed onto the metal layer. In addition, the photoelectric conversion element has increased photoelectric conversion efficiency due to a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. Also disclosed are a method for manufacturing the photoelectric conversion element; and a polymer electrolyte solar cell using the photoelectric conversion element. Specifically disclosed is a photoelectric conversion element comprising a polymer electrolyte, a metal layer and dye molecules, which is characterized in that: the metal layer is in contact with the polymer electrolyte; the metal layer is formed on the surface of and/or inside the polymer electrolyte; and the dye molecules are adsorbed on the metal layer.
Provided is a polymer actuator element which, even in an open system (without any cover) having a low humidity and having either ordinary temperature and ordinary pressure or a temperature of 0ºC or lower, is less apt to change in displacement or distortion amount with the lapse of time, can work for a long period, and has excellent durability. Also provided is a polymer sensor comprising the element. The polymer actuator element is configured of metal electrodes, an ion-exchange resin, and an electrolytic solution, and is characterized in that the metal electrodes form a pair, the metal electrodes are in contact with the ion-exchange resin, and the electrolytic solution comprises a polyether compound that is liquid at ordinary temperature and ordinary pressure and a hydrophilic polyelectrolyte.
H02N 11/00 - Generators or motors not provided for elsewhereAlleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
B81B 3/00 - Devices comprising flexible or deformable elements, e.g. comprising elastic tongues or membranes
8.
ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE POLYMER COMPOSITE STRUCTURE, PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE POLYMER COMPOSITE STRUCTURE, AND ACTUATOR ELEMENT
Disclosed are: an electrically conductive polymer composite structure, which does not require any separator between electrodes, can be reduced in size, can be produced at reduced cost and with improved workability, and has excellent impact resistance; a process for producing the electrically conductive polymer composite structure; and an actuator element comprising the electrically conductive polymer composite structure. The electrically conductive polymer composite structure comprises at least one electrically conductive polymer layer, and is characterized in that the surface layer of the electrically conductive polymer layer is an insulating layer.
B32B 7/02 - Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
B32B 5/14 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
Provided is a conductive polymer composite structure with which it is possible for an entire conductive polymer tube to reach an electric potential simply by bringing the conductive polymer tube into contact with the outside of a substrate, and which further has elasticity, mechanical strength, and generative force, and good working performance. Also provided is an actuator element which uses the conductive polymer composite structure and has a high high-speed modulus and strong generative force. The conductive polymer composite structure comprises a substrate, which is an elastic structure, and a conductive polymer tube, and the conductive polymer tube is disposed contacting the outside of the substrate.
This invention provides a polymer actuator element, which can be driven for a long period of time even in an open system under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions or at 0°C or below, a polymer actuator element, which, even after standing in an open system under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions for a long period of time, can exhibit substantially the same flexure level or displacement level as the initial flexure level or displacement level, and a method for driving the polymer actuator element. The polymer actuator element comprises a metal electrode and an electrolyte containing a polyelectrolyte. The polymer actuator element is characterized in that the metal electrode is provided so as to form a pair and is in contact with the electrolyte, the electrolyte contains a polyether compound which is liquid under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, and the electrolyte is in the state of being swollen with the polyether compound.
A displacement amount controlling method for enabling the displacement to be stopped or held at a give amount of displacement of an ion conductive composite actuator and a displacement amount controlling device therefor are provided. The method includes a focus judging step of judging the focus of an image captured through a lens following the displacement of an ion-conductive composite actuator caused by application of a drive voltage, a drive step of controlling the drive voltage applied to the ion-conductive composite actuator depending on the result of the focus judgment so as to focus the image, and a repeating step of repeating the focus judging step and the drive step until the image is substantially focused.
A compact and simply formed actuator body and a throttle mechanism are provided. The actuator body is characterized in that the actuator body comprises a polymer actuator (11) bendingly deformed by an electric drive source, an intermediate member (12) for transmitting the bending force of the polymer actuator (11), and an elastic member (13) on which the bending force acts through the intermediate member (12), and that when the bending force of the polymer actuator (11) acts on the elastic member (13) through the intermediate member (12), the dimension of the hole part formed in the elastic member is varied.
This invention provides a high-capacitance electric storage element which, by virtue of the adoption of a metal electrode, can realize a large specific capacitance, a high energy density, and a higher withstanding voltage (not less than 6.0 V) than the prior art. The electric storage element comprises a metal electrode and a polymeric electrolyte-containing electrolyte. The electric storage element is characterized in that the metal electrode is formed so as to constitute a pair electrode, the metal electrode is in contact with the electrolyte, the metal electrode is provided on the surface and within the polymeric electrolyte, the electrolyte contains an amphiphatic polyether compound and/or a lipophilic compound, or a hydrophilic polyether compound and/or glycerin carbonate which are liquid under room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions, and the electrolyte is in the state of being swollen with the amphiphatic polyether compound and/or the lipophilic compound, or the hydrophilic polyether compound and/or glycerin carbonate.
H01G 9/00 - Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devicesProcesses of their manufacture
H01G 11/02 - Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodesElectric double-layer [EDL] capacitorsProcesses for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof using combined reduction-oxidation reactions, e.g. redox arrangement or solion
H01G 11/06 - Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
H01G 11/24 - Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosityElectrodes characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
H01G 11/30 - Electrodes characterised by their material
Provided is a translatory displacement planar device which is driven with a lower voltage, has less noise, less weight, smaller size and a simpler structure compared with conventional translatory displacement actuators. The planar device (A) is provided with a conductive polymeric actuator (3), an actuator element (A1) having a base material (2) including a driving electrolytic solution for the conductive polymeric actuator (3), and electrode members (1a, 1b), which are application electrodes for the actuator element (A1) and have opening sections (1c, 1d) which partially expose the actuator (A1). The actuator element (A1) positioned in the hole sections (1c, 1d) makes translatory displacement in the thickness direction by having a voltage to be applied to the actuator element (A1) controlled.
H02N 11/00 - Generators or motors not provided for elsewhereAlleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
15.
METHOD FOR FILLING POLYMER ACTUATOR WITH ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION, METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE ELASTIC MODULUS OF POLYMER ACTUATOR, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF POLYMER ACTUATOR
The invention provides a method for filling a polymer actuator with an electrolytic solution by which a polymer actuator can be easily filled with an electrolytic solution containing a nonionic compound liquid under ordinary temperature and pressure conditions; a method for controlling the elastic modulus of a polymer actuator by which the elastic modulus of a polymer actuator filled with an electrolytic solution containing a nonionic compound liquid under ordinary temperature and pressure conditions can be easily controlled; and a process for producing easily a polymer actuator filled with an electrolytic solution containing a nonionic compound liquid under ordinary temperature and pressure conditions. More specifically, the invention provides a method for filling a polymer actuator comprising a polymer complex constituted of a polyelectrolyte and metal electrodes set on the polyelectrolyte with an electrolytic solution which is characterized by comprising the first step of dipping the polymer complex in a solution containing a nonionic compound liquid under ordinary temperature and pressure conditions and the second step of dipping the polymer complex in a solution obtained by adding an electrolyte to the above solution.
H02N 11/00 - Generators or motors not provided for elsewhereAlleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
C23C 18/16 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by reduction or substitution, i.e. electroless plating
It is intended to provide a polymer actuator element which shows an excellent elasticity and a high response speed in an open system at room temperature under atmospheric pressure. It is also intended to provide a method of producing the polymer actuator element as described above and a method of driving the same. Namely, a polymer actuator element comprising a conductive polymer and a driving electrolytic solution characterized in that the above driving electrolytic solution is a solution containing a nonionic organic compound which is in the liquid state at room temperature under atmospheric pressure.
C08L 101/12 - Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
17.
WIRING CONNECTION STRUCTURE IN POLYMER ACTUATOR OR POLYMER SENSOR
This invention provides a wiring connection structure which can increase the degree of freedom in the attachment of a polymer actuator and a polymer sensor and, at the same time, has no large protrusions and can stably maintain a precompressed state. The wiring connection structure is adapted for use in a polymer actuator (1) or a polymer sensor, in which a metal electrode layer (11) is formed on a surface of an ion exchange resin layer (10), and is characterized in that a wiring connection region (1a) set on the metal electrode layer (11), a metal electrode plate (2) for wiring, and a flexible sheet (3) are stacked on top of each other in that order followed by joining by joining means in such a state that the stacked part has been compressed to impart precompression in the stacked direction. The joining means is a resin rivet (4). Regarding the joining, a method is preferably adopted in which the rivet (4) is extended through the stacked part, and the joining is carried out by thermal caulking. The metal electrode plate (2) for wiring is preferably formed of a metal foil. The flexible sheet (3) is preferably a resin sheet. An alternative method may also be used in which an electrically nonconductive string (5) is used as the joining means and the stacked part is sewed with the string (5).
When a high voltage is applied to a polymer actuator element in order to greatly displace or bend the element, the electrolysis of the water or nonaqueous organic polar liquid used as a solvent occurs disadvantageously as a side reaction to generate gas bubbles, in particular hydrogen. A polymer actuator element is provided which comprises opposed metal electrodes and, disposed therebetween, at least a solvent and an ion-exchange resin as a polymer electrolyte, wherein the metal electrodes are constituted of a metal having the ability to store hydrogen and/or the ability to function as a combustion catalyst or the metal electrodes have, deposited thereon by plating, a layer comprising a metal having the ability to store hydrogen and/or the ability to function as a combustion catalyst.
Disclosed is a method for driving a polymer actuator element which is excellent in expansion and contraction rate and response speed. Also disclosed are an actuator which is excellent in expansion and contraction rate and response speed, and a method for manufacturing such an actuator. Specifically disclosed is a method for driving a polymer actuator element which contains a conductive polymer driven by being applied with a voltage in a driving electrolyte solution. This method for driving a polymer actuator element is characterized in that the driving electrolyte solution is a mixed solution of an organic solvent and an acid or a mixed solution of an organic solvent, water and an acid.
C08L 65/00 - Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chainCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
20.
ELECTRIC STORAGE ELEMENT HAVING ELECTRODE CONTAINING CONDUCTIVE POLYMER
An electric storage element having an electrode containing a conductive polymer, characterized in that the electrode is one: (1) containing a porous carbon material as a base material, and (2) having a layer of conductive polymer formed by electropolymerization superimposed substantially on the base material, and (3) wherein the layer of conductive polymer is doped with perfluoroalkylsulfonylimido ions of the formula: (CnF(2n+1)SO2)(CmF(2m+1)SO2)N- (1) wherein n and m are arbitrary integers, or perfluoroalkylsulfonylmethido ions of the formula: (CpF(2p+1)SO2)(CqF(2q+1)SO2)(CrF(2r+1)SO2)C- (2) wherein p, q and r are arbitrary integers.
H01G 11/24 - Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosityElectrodes characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
H01G 11/26 - Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
H01G 11/56 - Solid electrolytes, e.g. gelsAdditives therein
H01M 4/133 - Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/137 - Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
H01M 4/1399 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on electro-active polymers
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
H01M 10/05 - Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
H01M 10/36 - Accumulators not provided for in groups
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
21.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CONDUCTIVE POLYMER ACTUATOR DEVICE
A process for producing a conductive polymer actuator device that despite repeated use of an electrolytic solution, ensures substantially the same high performance as that of the actuator membrane before the repetition. There is provided a process for producing a conductive polymer actuator device, comprising carrying out electrolytic polymerization on an electrode with the repeated use of a productive electrolytic solution containing pyrrole to thereby repeatedly obtain a polypyrrole film, wherein an acid is added to the electrolytic solution after obtaining of the polypyrrole film by the electrolytic polymerization on the electrode to thereby lower the electrolytic potential, and wherein the electrolytic polymerization is performed on the electrode in the electrolytic solution with the electrolytic potential lowered so as to successively obtain the polypyrrole film.
patents