Abstract

A method of hydrolyzing woody cellulosic material containing lignin and air pockets involves impregnating the woody cellulosic material a first alkali having a pH of from 10 to 14 such that the first alkali is in contact with the lignin within the woody cellulosic material. Thereafter, the woody cellulosic material is advanced through a gravity pressure vessel for the acid hydrolysis conversion of cellulosic material to sugars. In accordance with other methods, ultrasound may be introduced during impregnation or at the gravity pressure vessel or both.

IPC Classes  ?

• C13K 1/02 - Glucose; Glucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials

Abstract

A retort apparatus includes a primary rotating pipe within a second rotating pipe within a fixed pipe. The interior area of the primary rotating pipe is bounded by a heated pipe. A first annulus is formed between the primary and second rotating pipes. A second annulus is formed between the second rotating pipe and the heated pipe. A third annulus is formed between the primary rotating pipe and the fixed pipe. A heater is positioned within the interior area of said primary rotating pipe. In one embodiment, an inlet gate is provided for introducing a liquid and solid mixture into the first annulus proximate the second end thereof. A first conveyor is provided to move the mixture toward the hot end of the primary rotating pipe. A second conveyance is provided for transferring the mixture from the first annulus to the second annulus within the interior of the primary rotating pipe, and a third conveyance is provided to move the mixture within the second annulus in a direction toward the cooler end of the primary rotating pipe.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 47/32 - Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
• C10B 47/44 - Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with conveyor-screws
• C10B 53/00 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
• C10B 53/06 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of oil shale or bituminous rocks
• B09C 1/06 - Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally

Abstract

A method and apparatus for conducting supercritical wet oxidation reactions wherein any precipitated solids do not contact the solid side walls of the containment vessel so as to prevent any of these precipitated solids from adhering to or corrode the vessel walls is provided. To do this, a controlled, continuous flow of clean fluid, preferably under supercritical conditions, is introduced to the process so as to form a film-like, clean fluid surface between the physical containment vessel walls and the supercritical wet oxidation reactants.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 3/00 - Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
• C02F 11/08 - Wet air oxidation

Abstract

A method of hydrolyzing woody cellulosic material containing lignin and air pockets involves impregnating the woody cellulosic material a first alkali having a pH of from 10 to 14 such that the first alkali is in contact with the lignin within the woody cellulosic material. Thereafter, the woody cellulosic material is advanced through a gravity pressure vessel for the acid hydrolysis conversion of cellulosic material to sugars. In accordance with other methods, ultrasound may be introduced during impregnation or at the gravity pressure vessel or both.

IPC Classes  ?

• D21B 1/16 - Disintegrating in mills in the presence of chemical agents