Systems, methods, and apparatuses for improved powerline communication (PLC) are described. In one embodiment, a system comprises power down hardware coupled to internal wiring of a premises to selectively power down a portion of the internal wiring on request, and at least one hardware device to transmit a request to the power down hardware to selectively power down a portion of the internal wiring on request and to transmit data using power line communication hardware of the at least one hardware device while the portion of the internal wiring is powered down.
A central management system polls a lighting node in a mesh lighting network, sending a command message for the node to measure a link quality indication (LQI) of the received command message. The node returns a status message, including in its payload the measured LQI. The management system computes from the node's status messages, a statistical characterization of the link quality of the node and compares it with a threshold quality value. If the comparison indicates sufficient degradation in link quality, the management system automatically transmits a disconnect command to the node. In response, the node disconnects and enters a discovery mode to find a better quality link to rejoin the network. In example embodiments, the lighting node may also report its illumination and operational status in the payload of the status message, along with the LQI, enabling the management system to determine whether illumination by the node is failing.
Example embodiments of an invention to efficiently organize and control a distributed lighting network. A process supports message flows and an interface to facilitate the organization and control a very large array of intelligent lighting nodes. Each newly installed lighting node broadcasts an initial contact message that includes fields specifying requests, such as lighting schedule, intensity, color, aiming direction, flood lighting, etc. A central controller receives the message at a discovery message and provisioning request interface, commissions the lighting node, and processes the provisioning requests.
Fast moving objects may be monitored by a video unit under a variety of lighting conditions. In a bootstrap phase, a model database is established for each of a plurality of sampling points, each model being a combination of color of the video image, respective optimum exposure, and respective lighting condition. Then in an image capture phase the video unit compares captured color and optimum exposure of the sampling point, with the models of color and respective optimum exposure in the model database, to find a best match lighting condition model in the model database. The video unit then adjusts an exposure setting to the most frequently occurring value for exposure among the other sampling points, if lighting conditions for the other sampling points are within a threshold range of the lighting condition of the best match model in the model database.
Transient connected regions are tracked in a video sequence, marking them as foreground layer or background layer when the transient regions become stable. A stack of background/foreground Gaussian mixer models is maintained for each pixel. The decision to mark a stable region as background layer or a new or existing foreground layer is done by matching the region with each model in the model stack. If the new region matches an existing model, then the layers above the matched layers are purged, or else the new region is pushed as a new foreground layer with a new model.
A distributed system is disclosed for mining, correlating and analyzing locally obtained traffic video data. The system comprises a central controller configured to correlate traffic counting meta data gathered at a thoroughfare, to transmit control information to specify one or more traffic counting events to be monitored by at least one video unit located at the thoroughfare and to receive traffic counting meta data from the at least one video unit. The at least one video unit located at the thoroughfare, is configured to process a video stream from a video camera while monitoring the traffic counting events at the thoroughfare specified by the central controller, to analyze and evaluate the traffic counting event, to encode traffic meta data characterizing the analysis, and to transmit the meta data to the central controller. Further meta data can be acquired by mining the meta data history or any captured raw video footage.
A system manages the quantity of responses by discoverable lighting devices in a network, in responding to a device discovery request from a lighting control server. Each device includes a random target number accessible via the network, comprising a plurality of sequentially arranged fields, each field including a random target integer selected from a range of integers, based on a position of the field in the sequentially arranged fields of the random target number. The device discovery message includes a request to respond to the message if a specified value in the message compares with a target integer in a specified field of the random target number included in the receiving discoverable device, the specified value and specified field in the request based on an estimated percentage of the devices in the network expected to respond. Each device generates a response to the received request, if there is a successful comparison.
A system manages the quantity of responses by discoverable lighting devices in a network, in responding to a device discovery request from a lighting control server. Each device includes a random target number accessible via the network, comprising a plurality of sequentially arranged fields, each field including a random target integer selected from a range of integers, based on a position of the field in the sequentially arranged fields of the random target number. The device discovery message includes a request to respond to the message if a specified value in the message compares with a target integer in a specified field of the random target number included in the receiving discoverable device, the specified value and specified field in the request based on an estimated percentage of the devices in the network expected to respond. Each device generates a response to the received request, if there is a successful comparison.
A distributed lighting network has its lights scheduled based on weather forecast information. A lighting controller stores a lighting schedule for distribution to the distributed lighting network and transmits the lighting schedule to the network. The lighting controller receives from a subscription weather server, short-term or long-term weather forecast datasets. The lighting controller generates lighting control information to modify the lighting schedule, based on the received customized weather forecast datasets, and transmits the lighting control information to the distributed lighting network to modify the lighting schedule, based on the customized weather forecast datasets. The system also enables the lighting schedules to modulate human circadian rhythms if necessary to further promote public health and safety during weather events.
A distributed system for traffic monitoring and event detection includes a plurality of video units within viewing distance of a thoroughfare to be monitored. Each video unit processes a video stream while monitoring events at the thoroughfare, identifies and analyzes events, encodes traffic meta data characterizing the analysis, and transmits the meta data to a central controller. The central controller stores a geographic map representing the thoroughfare, correlates the meta data received from the video units, and forms a composite representation of the geographic map and the correlated meta data. The central controller replays previously stored composite representations of the geographic map and the correlated meta data, which were monitored under mutually different event conditions. The central controller is also configured to allow changes to previously stored composite representations of the geographic map and to the correlated meta data for the purpose of understanding the impact of change.
G08G 1/01 - Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
G08G 1/065 - Traffic control systems for road vehicles by counting the vehicles in a section of the road or in a parking area, i.e. comparing incoming count with outgoing count
A parking management system includes a parking facility management controller configured to allocate parking spaces at a parking facility as at least one of customer reserved spaces, handicap spaces, electric vehicle station spaces, premium spaces or unreserved spaces, the controller further including a communications unit configured to transmit the allocation of parking spaces to at least one video unit located at the parking facility. The video unit located at the parking facility, includes a video camera and video frame processing logic to process a video stream from the video camera while monitoring a parking space allocated by the controller, identify an event occurring at the allocated parking space, and encode a low bandwidth message characterizing the event. The at least one video unit includes a communications unit configured to transmit the low bandwidth message over low bandwidth communication links to the management controller.
Embodiments of systems, methods, and apparatuses for LED lighting for area lighting management, security and safety are described. An exemplary apparatus comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs); a LED controller to drive the plurality of LEDs; and a controller to receive a radio frequency (RF) LED drive command and communicate the received drive command to the LED controller, wherein the LED controller to drive the plurality of LEDs according to the received drive command.
Systems, methods, and apparatuses are described that manage lighting configurations. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a processor to execute instructions stored in memory, a communication interface coupled to the processor to communicate with an external device; and memory to store instructions which when executed by the processor to provide provisioning capabilities for the apparatus, wherein the memory to further store a node information structure including identifiers for each node coupled to the apparatus and configurations available to those nodes.
The combination of LED lighting and particulate detectors are enhanced by exploiting the light degradation/reflection/wavelengths detected, absorbed or frequency shift seen in lighting due to the presence of smoke, gas or other molecules (such as explosives) in the air can be detected. The use of LEDs is expanded well beyond simple lighting and energy savings to include not only smoke and fire detection by also to scan for gases and particulates found based in the usage environment.
Methods and systems are disclosed for applying an interleaver that better distributes signal errors to be used in devices operating on low voltage power grids. One embodiment of a method comprises: determining a frequency cycle of the communication medium; setting an interleaver block size based on the frequency cycle of the communication medium; re-arranging bits in a data packet based on the interleaver block size; transmitting the re-arranged data packet over the communication medium to a receiver. Specifically, according to an embodiment, the interleaver block size is set to one-half of the frequency cycle of the communication medium.
Methods and systems are disclosed for applying an interleaver that better distributes signal errors to be used in devices operating on low voltage power grids. One embodiment of a method comprises: determining a frequency cycle of the communication medium; setting an interleaver block size based on the frequency cycle of the communication medium; re-arranging bits in a data packet based on the interleaver block size; transmitting the re-arranged data packet over the communication medium to a receiver. Specifically, according to an embodiment, the interleaver block size is set to one-half of the frequency cycle of the communication medium.
H03M 13/27 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes using interleaving techniques
H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for choosing the modulation mode using packets transmitted by a sender to a receiver, wherein the packets contain data patterns unknown to the receiver. In some embodiments, the sender sends of a data packet in the most robust mode available, such that the packet can be correctly received by the receiver under even the noisiest conditions. The data contained in the packet is demodulated and decoded. A cyclic redundancy check is performed to ensure that the resultant data is error-free. Once the transmitted payload data is known, the original error coding can be re-applied to the payload data to produce the transmitted bit stream. Comparison of the demodulated bit stream to the regenerated transmitted bit stream yields the pattern of errors. The pattern of errors is analyzed and a higher throughput decoding scheme is chosen based on the results of the analysis.
Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for choosing the modulation mode using packets transmitted by a sender to a receiver, wherein the packets contain data patterns unknown to the receiver. In some embodiments, the sender sends of a data packet in the most robust mode available, such that the packet can be correctly received by the receiver under even the noisiest conditions. The data contained in the packet is demodulated and decoded. A cyclic redundancy check is performed to ensure that the resultant data is error-free. Once the transmitted payload data is known, the original error coding can be re-applied to the payload data to produce the transmitted bit stream. Comparison of the demodulated bit stream to the regenerated transmitted bit stream yields the pattern of errors. The pattern of errors is analyzed and a higher throughput decoding scheme is chosen based on the results of the analysis.
A distributed lighting network has its lights scheduled based on weather forecast information. A lighting controller stores a lighting schedule for distribution to the distributed lighting network and transmits the lighting schedule to the network. The lighting controller receives from a subscription weather server, short-term or long-term weather forecast datasets. The lighting controller generates lighting control information to modify the lighting schedule, based on the received customized weather forecast datasets, and transmits the lighting control information to the distributed lighting network to modify the lighting schedule, based on the customized weather forecast datasets. The system also enables the lighting schedules to modulate human circadian rhythms if necessary to further promote public health and safety during weather events.
Systems, methods, and apparatuses for network provisioning are described. In some embodiments, an apparatus comprises a processor to execute instructions stored in memory; a communication interface coupled to the processor to communicate with an external device; and memory to store instructions which when executed by the processor to provide provisioning capabilities for the apparatus, wherein the memory to further store a node information structure including identifiers for each node coupled to the apparatus, an indication of if each node was automatically added by the apparatus, and a timer to indicate how long to maintain a connection to each node.
Systems, methods, and apparatuses for network provisioning are described. In some embodiments, an apparatus comprises a processor to execute instructions stored in memory; a communication interface coupled to the processor to communicate with an external device; and memory to store instructions which when executed by the processor to provide provisioning capabilities for the apparatus, wherein the memory to further store a node information structure including identifiers for each node coupled to the apparatus, an indication of if each node was automatically added by the apparatus, and a timer to indicate how long to maintain a connection to each node.
Embodiments of the invention include methods, apparatuses, and systems for processing an image update in a networkable node. An exemplary method comprises initiating an image update process with a node, transmitting an update image to the node, transmitting a confirmation request to determine the node received the update image, upon receiving confirmation the node received the update image, transmitting a switchover command to the node to cause the node to switch from its primary image to the update image, and confirming the switching of the image of the node.
A method is disclosed for detecting packet at a receiving system in a Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) system. The method starts with receiving a signal at the receiving system. Then during the plurality of symbol durations, a set of phases of the signal for each symbol duration is obtained, where each phase is a phase of a carrier of the number of carriers. Then a set of phase variances for each carrier of the number of carriers is obtained, where each phase variance is a difference of phases of a carrier in different symbol durations. Then a phase variance value based on the set of phase variances is computed and it is compared with a threshold to determine whether a packet has been detected from the received signal.
Methods and apparatuses relate to detection and provisioning for lighting interfaces. In one embodiment, a hardware apparatus includes a sensing module to detect a lighting interface from a plurality of lighting interfaces to power a light emitting element, and a dimming module to supply multiple power levels of the lighting interface to the light emitting element. In another embodiment, a hardware apparatus further includes a communication module to provide a signal from a network to the sensing module to detect the lighting interface. A lighting interface may be a digital lighting interface or an analog lighting interface.
Systems, methods, and apparatuses for improved powerline communication (PLC) are described. In one embodiment, a system comprises power down hardware coupled to internal wiring of a premises to selectively power down a portion of the internal wiring on request, and at least one hardware device to transmit a request to the power down hardware to selectively power down a portion of the internal wiring on request and to transmit data using power line communication hardware of the at least one hardware device while the portion of the internal wiring is powered down.
Embodiments described herein include systems, apparatuses, and methods for attempting to wirelessly communicate with a networkable device with a mobile device to retrieve an identifier for the networkable device; receiving the identifier from the networkable device; storing the identifier in the mobile device; and sending a request to a provisioning server to provision the networkable device.
A method implemented in a device is disclosed for networking through signals transmitted across a shared medium network. The method starts with monitoring for a first signal on a shared medium of the shared medium network. The first signal is processed after it is received and while the first signal is being processed, a set of one or more signals is received on the shared medium. Then a set of one or more amplitude increases is determined, where each amplitude increase is from an earlier received signal to a later received signal. The set of one or more amplitude increases is compared to a threshold value and at least partially in response to the comparison, the device discards one or more signals from the first signal and the set of one or more signals.
A method is disclosed for detecting packet at a receiving system in a Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) system. The method starts with receiving a signal at the receiving system. Then a deviation value of the signal is computed, where the deviation value is computed at least partially based on phase differences between some number of carriers in the preamble. The deviation value is compared with a threshold to determine whether a packet has been detected from the received signal. In response to the determination that a packet has been detected, a symbol offset is computed optionally, where the symbol offset indicates a number of sample points from a beginning of a symbol.
Embodiments of the invention include an apparatus for performing Galois multiplication using an enhanced Galois table. Galois multiplication may include converting a first and second multiplicand to exponential forms using a Galois table, adding the exponential forms of the first and second multiplicands, and converting the added exponential forms of the first and second multiplicands to a decimal equivalent binary form using the Galois table to decimal equivalent binary result of the Galois multiplication.
G06F 15/00 - Digital computers in generalData processing equipment in general
G06F 7/72 - Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radixComputing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations using residue arithmetic
H03M 13/15 - Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes
31.
Multi-protocol serial nonvolatile memory interface
An electronic device including a multi-protocol serial nonvolatile memory interface is disclosed. The interface includes: a first line operative to perform functions of a first chip select line when the interface operates as a SPI of the electronic device; a second line operative to perform functions of a second chip select line when the interface operates as the SPI of the electronic device; a third line operative to perform functions of a clock line when the interface operates as either the SPI or an I2C interface of the electronic device, and a fourth line configured to perform functions of a mast-out-slave-in (MOSI) line and a master-in-slave-out (MISO) line when the interface operates as the SPI of the electronic device, the fourth line further operative to perform functions of a serial data line when the interface operates as the I2C interface of the electronic device.
G06F 13/42 - Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshakeSynchronisation
G06F 3/06 - Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers
G06F 13/364 - Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to common bus or bus system with centralised access control using independent requests or grants, e.g. using separated request and grant lines
G06F 11/07 - Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
G06F 11/14 - Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation, e.g. by using different operation sequences leading to the same result
32.
Systems, methods, and apparatuses using common addressing
Described herein are systems, methods, and apparatuses for device communication over IP. In some embodiments, IPv6 addresses are compressed into ISO/IEC 14908-1 addresses, and use leading zero suppression to compress the headers. In some embodiments, IPv4 the least significant two bytes of the IPv4 address are used as an ISO/IEC 14908-1 subnet and node number.
Embodiments of the invention include a method and system for improved node control in a distributed peer-to-peer network. The invention provides a framework component which automatically converts and conditions incoming data from other nodes, regardless of their type. The data is converted from a network compatible format to an application compatible format based upon stored data type definitions. The data is further conditioned based on stored data property rules. Thus, once the data reaches the application, it is already properly formatted. The application component which runs on the device hardware is greatly simplified through the use of this framework component.
A method is disclosed for detecting packet at a receiving system in a Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) system. The method starts with receiving a signal at the receiving system. Then a deviation value of the signal is computed, where the deviation value is computed at least partially based on phase differences between some number of carriers in the preamble. The deviation value is compared with a threshold to determine whether a packet has been detected from the received signal. In response to the determination that a packet has been detected, a symbol offset is computed optionally, where the symbol offset indicates a number of sample points from a beginning of a symbol.
A method is disclosed for detecting packet at a receiving system in a Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) system. The method starts with receiving a signal at the receiving system. Then during the plurality of symbol durations, a set of phases of the signal for each symbol duration is obtained, where each phase is a phase of a carrier of the number of carriers. Then a set of phase variances for each carrier of the number of carriers is obtained, where each phase variance is a difference of phases of a carrier in different symbol durations. Then a phase variance value based on the set of phase variances is computed and it is compared with a threshold to determine whether a packet has been detected from the received signal.
A method implemented in a device is disclosed for networking through signals transmitted across a shared medium network. The method starts with monitoring for a first signal on a shared medium of the shared medium network. The first signal is processed after it is received and while the first signal is being processed, a set of one or more signals is received on the shared medium. Then a set of one or more amplitude increases is determined, where each amplitude increase is from an earlier received signal to a later received signal. The set of one or more amplitude increases is compared to a threshold value and at least partially in response to the comparison, the device discards one or more signals from the first signal and the set of one or more signals.
Embodiments of the invention include an apparatus for performing Galois multiplication using an enhanced Galois table. Galois multiplication may include converting a first and second multiplicand to exponential forms using a Galois table, adding the exponential forms of the first and second multiplicands, and converting the added exponential forms of the first and second multiplicands to a decimal equivalent binary form using the Galois table to decimal equivalent binary result of the Galois multiplication.
G06F 7/72 - Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radixComputing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations using residue arithmetic
38.
Method and system of improved reed-solomon decoding
Embodiments of an improved Galois multiplication route are described. In some embodiments, the Galois multiplication routine looks up and retrieves a first value corresponding to an address in the Galois table, exclusive ORs the retrieved value with a data value from a data set to generate an intermediate address for the Galois table, wherein the data value is at a location associated with an index, and looks up and retrieves a second value in the Galois table by the intermediate address.
G06F 7/72 - Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radixComputing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations using residue arithmetic
A three-way or four-way switching circuit for lighting, and the like, is described. One three-way switch is replaced with an electronic switch. Both legs of the switching circuit are powered all the time and current is sensed in the legs to determine when one of the three-way or four-way switches has been switched. This information is used to turn the light on and off.
A communications transformer in which the primary and secondary windings are each divided into equal halves is disclosed. One primary and one secondary half winding is disposed about one section of a magnetic core, while the other halves are disposed about a second, parallel section. Voltages in the primary half windings and secondary half windings caused by stray magnetic fields are subtracted.
A three-way or four-way switching circuit for lighting, and the like, is described. One three-way switch is replaced with an electronic switch. Both legs of the switching circuit are powered all the time and current is sensed in the legs to determine when one of the three-way or four-way switches has been switched. This information is used to turn the light on and off.
H01H 19/64 - Encased switches adapted for ganged operation when assembled in a line with identical switches, e.g. stacked switches
H01H 31/10 - Interlocking mechanisms for interlocking two or more switches
H01H 33/52 - Interlocking mechanisms for interlocking two or more switches
H01H 33/59 - Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
H01H 47/00 - Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
H01H 85/46 - Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Control, communications, and embedded systems hardware and software, namely, transceivers and modems; computer network routers; gateway routers in the nature of computer control hardware; electrical and Ethernet controllers; computer software for administration of computer local area networks; computer programs for use in developing computer programs; computer hardware; communications transceivers, routers, network management software; computer operating software and application program interfaces for residential and commercial building networks, vehicular automation networks, embedded systems networks, home automation networks, commercial automation networks, industrial automation networks, and utility automation networks; computer hardware and software for use in enterprise management, data aggregation and analysis
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
(1) Computer software for data aggregation and control for multiple control systems, such as control networks, building control software and hardware, industrial control software and hardware, utility metering systems, or residential automation software and hardware.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Telecommunications installations, apparatus and instruments and parts and fittings therefor; telecommunications network management apparatus, and switching and interconnecting units for use therewith; computer hardware; identifying, prioritising and routing switches; internet protocol routers and gateways; computer peripherals; digital communication network switches; apparatus and instruments for recordal, storage, processing, analysis, transmission, distribution and/or display of data; computer programs and computer software, all adapted for use with the aforesaid goods; manuals recorded optically, electronically and magnetically, all for use with the aforesaid goods; on-line electronic publications [downloadable] from the Internet.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
computer operating programs and application program interfaces for building automation networks, embedded systems networks, home control networks, industrial automation networks, utility automation networks, and professional audio networks, utility automation networks, and professional audio networks
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
computer hardware and software in the nature of control devices for use in residential building automation, and computer development programs, computer hardware, communications transceivers, routers, network management software, and installation software for use in residential building automation
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
(1) Computer hardware and software in the nature of development tools; electronic circuits, integrated circuits, electronic circuit boards, and electrical circuit components for the network which provides identification, sensing, communications or control; computer programs for use in developing computer programs.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
(1) Electronic circuits, electronic circuit boards, electrical circuit components, computer hardware, peripherals, semi-conductor chips and computer software, namely computer software for use in a network which provides identification, sensing, communications, and control for use in home automation systems, lighting systems, air conditioning systems, heating systems, security systems, watering systems, energy management systems, and entertainment systems.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
computer hardware and software in the nature of development tools; electronic circuits, integrated circuits, electronic circuit boards, and electrical circuit components for a network which provides identification, sensing, communications or control; computer programs for use in developing computer programs
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS FOR A NETWORK WHICH PROVIDES IDENTIFICATION, SENSING, COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL, AND ELECTRONIC DEVELOPMENT APPARATUS FOR SUCH NETWORK
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS, ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT BOARDS AND ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT COMPONENTS FOR A NETWORK WHICH PROVIDES IDENTIFICATION, SENSING, COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL; COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR USE IN DEVELOPING COMPUTER PROGRAMS; AND INSTRUCTION MANUALS SOLD AS A UNIT FOR ALL OF THE FOREGOING
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS, ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT BOARDS, AND ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT COMPONENTS FOR A NETWORK WHICH PROVIDES IDENTIFICATION, SENSING, COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL [, AND INSTRUCTION MANUALS SOLD THEREWITH ]
