Abstract

The invention relates to a system for controlling the deposition of thin layers by gas phase growth in a deposition reactor (10), the gas phase corresponding to a gaseous state or a plasma state, the control system comprising: - a hollow cathode lamp (2); - an optical cavity (3) that contains at least two mirrors (31) and is configured such that light emitted by the light source (2) is trapped in the optical cavity (3) and interacts with the gas phase, resulting in the deposition of thin layers; and - a light analysis system (4) which is configured to analyze light emitted by the hollow cathode lamp (2) and passing through the optical cavity (3), by measuring the optical absorbance of at least one species of the gas phase penetrated by said light.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01J 3/10 - Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
• G01J 3/28 - Investigating the spectrum
• G01J 3/42 - Absorption spectrometryDouble-beam spectrometryFlicker spectrometryReflection spectrometry
• G01N 21/03 - Cuvette constructions
• G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
• G01J 3/02 - SpectrometrySpectrophotometryMonochromatorsMeasuring colours Details
• G01J 3/433 - Modulation spectrometryDerivative spectrometry
• C23C 14/54 - Controlling or regulating the coating process
• C23C 16/52 - Controlling or regulating the coating process
• G01J 3/18 - Generating the spectrumMonochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
• H01J 37/32 - Gas-filled discharge tubes
• G01N 21/84 - Systems specially adapted for particular applications

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for controlling the deposition of thin layers by gas phase growth in a deposition reactor (10), the gas phase corresponding to a gaseous state or a plasma state, the control system comprising: - a continuous light source (2); - an optical cavity (3) comprising at least two mirrors, and configured such that a light emitted by the light source is trapped in the optical cavity and interacts with the gas phase, resulting in the deposition of thin layers; and - a spectrometer (4) which is configured to analyze light emitted by the light source (2) and passing through the optical cavity (3), by measuring the optical absorbance of at least one species of the gas phase penetrated by said light.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01J 3/10 - Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
• G01J 3/28 - Investigating the spectrum
• G01J 3/42 - Absorption spectrometryDouble-beam spectrometryFlicker spectrometryReflection spectrometry
• G01N 21/03 - Cuvette constructions
• G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
• C23C 14/54 - Controlling or regulating the coating process
• C23C 16/52 - Controlling or regulating the coating process
• G01J 3/02 - SpectrometrySpectrophotometryMonochromatorsMeasuring colours Details
• G01J 3/18 - Generating the spectrumMonochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
• H01J 37/32 - Gas-filled discharge tubes
• G01N 21/84 - Systems specially adapted for particular applications
• G01P 5/26 - Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air streamMeasuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for controlling the deposition of thin layers by gas phase growth in a deposition reactor (10), the gas phase corresponding to a gaseous state or a plasma state, the control system comprising: - a continuous light source (2); and - a spectrometer (4) configured to analyze a light emitted by the light source (2) by measuring the optical absorbance of at least one species of the gas phase penetrated by said light, the spectrometer (4) comprising a dispersion stage (400), the dispersion stage being a scalar diffraction grating, the spectrometer (4) not having a diffraction order separation stage.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01J 3/18 - Generating the spectrumMonochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
• G01J 3/28 - Investigating the spectrum
• G01J 3/42 - Absorption spectrometryDouble-beam spectrometryFlicker spectrometryReflection spectrometry
• G01N 21/03 - Cuvette constructions
• G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
• C23C 14/54 - Controlling or regulating the coating process
• G01J 3/10 - Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
• G01J 3/02 - SpectrometrySpectrophotometryMonochromatorsMeasuring colours Details
• C23C 16/52 - Controlling or regulating the coating process
• H01J 37/32 - Gas-filled discharge tubes
• G01N 21/84 - Systems specially adapted for particular applications

Abstract

Methods and systems for performing a bioproduction process are described, the bioproduction process comprising the production of a transformed cell population. The methods include the steps of culturing a cell population at least partially embedded in a hydrogel matrix forming a three-dimensional structure, the hydrogel matrix also comprising a transforming agent.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 5/00 - Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell linesTissuesCultivation or maintenance thereofCulture media therefor
• B33Y 10/00 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing a polyurethane polymer, comprising: (A) contacting of at least one isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) monomer with at least one first polyol in the presence of at least one first catalyst; (B) contacting of the urethane prepolymer with at least one second polyol in the presence of at least one second catalyst to form the polyurethane polymer, wherein the first catalyst is a guanidine-type catalyst and the second catalyst is an (organo) metallic catalyst or wherein the first catalyst is an (organo) metallic catalyst and the second catalyst is a guanidine-type catalyst. The invention relates to a method for preparing a polyurethane polymer, comprising: (A) contacting of at least one isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) monomer with at least one first polyol in the presence of at least one first catalyst; (B) contacting of the urethane prepolymer with at least one second polyol in the presence of at least one second catalyst to form the polyurethane polymer, wherein the first catalyst is a guanidine-type catalyst and the second catalyst is an (organo) metallic catalyst or wherein the first catalyst is an (organo) metallic catalyst and the second catalyst is a guanidine-type catalyst. The invention relates also to a two-component composition and to the use thereof as an adhesive for bonding two substrates together. The invention relates to a method for preparing a polyurethane polymer, comprising: (A) contacting of at least one isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) monomer with at least one first polyol in the presence of at least one first catalyst; (B) contacting of the urethane prepolymer with at least one second polyol in the presence of at least one second catalyst to form the polyurethane polymer, wherein the first catalyst is a guanidine-type catalyst and the second catalyst is an (organo) metallic catalyst or wherein the first catalyst is an (organo) metallic catalyst and the second catalyst is a guanidine-type catalyst. The invention relates also to a two-component composition and to the use thereof as an adhesive for bonding two substrates together. Lastly, the invention relates to an article comprising at least one layer obtained by crosslinking of said composition and to a method for preparing said article.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09J 175/08 - Polyurethanes from polyethers
• C08G 18/12 - Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
• C08G 18/16 - Catalysts
• C08G 18/18 - Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
• C08G 18/24 - Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
• C08G 18/40 - High-molecular-weight compounds
• C08G 18/42 - Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C09J 5/00 - Adhesive processes in generalAdhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers

Abstract

Methods for producing microcarriers by ink jetting, comprising propelling a droplet of a solution comprising one or more biomaterials capable of forming a hydrogel and one or more cells, into a liquid medium. Microcarriers produced by such methods, methods in which such microcarriers are used to culture a cell population in a bioreactor and a system for producing microcarriers by ink jetting are also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12M 1/12 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with sterilisation, filtration, or dialysis means
• C12M 1/26 - Inoculator or sampler
• C12N 5/00 - Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell linesTissuesCultivation or maintenance thereofCulture media therefor
• C12N 11/04 - Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier entrapped within the carrier, e.g. gel or hollow fibres
• B29C 64/112 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads

Abstract

22 in the presence of a quaternary ammonium halide so as to form cyclic carbonate groups. This method may be included in a plastic recycling method, or may be followed by post-treatment steps.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 8/48 - IsomerisationCyclisation

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for extracting fatty substances contained in oily sludge, in particular oily sludge from cleaning wastewater works and sanitation networks, comprising the following steps: (a) thermo-mechanically filtering the oily sludge, without any organic solvent, so as to separate the oily sludge into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, the liquid fraction comprising the fatty substances; (b) collecting the liquid fraction comprising the fatty substances.

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 11/126 - Treatment of sludgeDevices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using drum filters
• C02F 11/13 - Treatment of sludgeDevices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
• C02F 101/32 - Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil

Abstract

Methods for monitoring a process for producing multicellular structures from a cell population in a 3D cell culture are described The methods comprise obtaining one or more 3D images of the 3D cell culture that are acquired by imaging the cell culture at different depths and/or from different angles, processing the one or more images to obtain a plurality of image-derived features, and determining the value of one or more metrics indicative of the progress or outcome of the maturation process using a statistical model adapted to predict the values of the one or more metrics indicative of the progress or outcome of the maturation process using inputs comprising the plurality of image-derived features. Related methods, systems and products are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06T 7/00 - Image analysis

Abstract

22120320620312032062020 aromatic radical, which may be substituted or unsubstituted; for the polymerization of conjugated dienes, in particular the stereospecific polymerization of 1,3-dienes, especially butadiene and isoprene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 4/70 - Iron group metals, platinum group metals, or compounds thereof
• C08F 136/04 - Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated

Abstract

A catalytic system based on at least one rare-earth metallocene and an organomagnesium reagent as co-catalyst of formula RB—(Mg—RA)m—Mg—RB is provided. According to the formula, RB comprises a benzene nucleus substituted with the magnesium atom. One of the carbon atoms of the benzene nucleus ortho to the magnesium is substituted with a methyl, an ethyl or an isopropyl or forms a ring with the carbon atom which is its closest neighbour and which is meta to the magnesium. The other carbon atom of the benzene nucleus ortho to the magnesium is substituted with a methyl, an ethyl or an isopropyl. RA is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms or with one or more arylene groups. The m is a number greater than or equal to 1, preferably 1. The catalytic system allows the synthesis of dienic and/or ethylenic telechelic polymers.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 4/54 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths, or actinides together with other compounds thereof
• C08F 10/02 - Ethene

Abstract

The invention relates to triblock polymers of formula A-B-C, in which the symbol A represents a polystyrene block, the symbol B represents a statistical copolymer block having a glass transition temperature of less than -10° C, the statistical copolymer comprising units of a 1,3-diene and more than 50 mol % of ethylene units, and the symbol C represents a polyethylene block having a melting temperature higher than 90°C. The triblock polymers according to the invention have good elastic recovery.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 295/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation using successively different catalyst types without deactivating the intermediate polymer
• C08F 210/02 - Ethene
• C08F 297/08 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
• C08L 53/00 - Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bondsCompositions of derivatives of such polymers

Abstract

A triblock polymer of formula B-A-B is provided. According to the formula, the symbol A represents a “central” block which is a statistical copolymer comprising units of a 1,3-diene and more than 50 mol % of ethylene units. The symbols B each represent an “end” block which is a polyethylene with a melting point of greater than 90° C. and a number-average molar mass of greater than or equal to 2000 g/mol and less than or equal to 10 000 g/mol. The polymer has improved rheological properties relative to a statistical copolymer based on ethylene and 1,3-diene of the same microstructure without changing its mechanical and dynamic or thermal properties.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 297/08 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins

Abstract

The invention concerns a sterile enclosure (2) intended for a printing of a biological three- dimensional structure, the sterile enclosure comprising : - a rigid top plate (4),5 - a rigid base plate (6) comprising a main face (16) intended to receive a biological three- dimensional structure, - a flexible side wall (8) fixed to the top plate and to the base plate to form an hermetically closed casing (10) delimiting an interior chamber (11), - a puncturable membrane (22) or a needle adapter arranged on the top plate, - a stretcher arm (36) articulated to the top plate and to the base plate, the flexible side wall and the stretcher arm being conform to allow the move of the top plate with respect to the base plate in three perpendicular directions (X,Y,Z); the at least one stretcher arm being elastic and pushing the top plate apart from the base plate.

IPC Classes  ?

• B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• B29C 64/106 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
• C12M 3/00 - Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus
• C12M 1/26 - Inoculator or sampler

Abstract

The invention concerns a sterile enclosure (2) and a method of printing and culturing a three-dimensional biological structure in the sterile enclosure. The sterile enclosure comprising: - a base wall (10), - a flexible side wall (8); the side wall forming with the base wall (10) a flexible casing (12) delimiting an interior chamber (14), - a fluid inlet port (22) and a fluid outlet port (24) which allow the circulation of a culture media, - a needle adapter (4) fixed to the flexible side wall (8), the needle adapter (4) holding a printing needle (6), the flexible casing protecting a biological three-dimensional structure against contamination and authorizing at the same time the move of the needle adapter (4) in three directions during a printing of a biological three-dimensional structure in the interior chamber.

IPC Classes  ?

• B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• B29C 64/106 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
• C12M 3/00 - Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus
• C12M 1/26 - Inoculator or sampler

Abstract

The invention concerns a sterile enclosure (91) comprising a container (92) and a printing needle holder device (58) fixed to the container. The container comprising a base wall (92), a side wall (94), the side wall and the base wall delimiting an interior chamber, one inlet port and outlet port and an aperture (24). The printing needle holder device (58) comprising a needle adapter, a printing needle and a flexible sheath having a first end edge fixed to the needle adapter and a second end edge fixed to the aperture of the container, a three dimensional biological structure being intended to be printed on the base wall (92), the interior chamber being intended to receive a cell culture media.

IPC Classes  ?

• B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• B29C 64/106 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
• B29C 64/209 - HeadsNozzles
• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
• C12M 3/00 - Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus
• C12M 1/26 - Inoculator or sampler

Abstract

A bioreactor (4) allowing bioprinting inside an interior volume thereof is assembled to form a side wall (SW) extending upwardly from a base provided with a target support (20) for the bioprinting. Once an adapter (5) has been coupled to a bioreactor top portion (4b) to plug a corresponding aperture O4, a biological material depositing end (8) may be maintained in an inserted state, extending through and/or being adapted to be fed via the aperture (O4). A sealed enclosure (E), including the side wall and ports, is formed by a sealing operation to interconnect the base and the top portion (4b). Bioprinting is done by driving from outside the depositing end (8), using variation of said volume, for delivering the biological material on the support (20) and then, a culture and/or maturation phase of the printed tissue may start inside the enclosure (E), without displacement of the printed tissue.

IPC Classes  ?

• B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• B29C 64/106 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
• C12M 1/26 - Inoculator or sampler
• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
• C12M 3/00 - Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus

Abstract

The invention concerns a sterile enclosure (2) intended for a printing of a biological three-dimensional structure, the enclosure comprising: - a support (4), - a covering cap (6) comprising a rigid part (22) and a flexible part (24) extending in the prolongation of the rigid part, the covering cap (6) being sealed to the support (4) to delimit an interior chamber (32), at least one portion of the rigid part being a septum (30) adapted to be punctured by a printing needle for printing a biological three-dimensional structure in the interior chamber. The invention also concerns a biological printing device and a method of printing.

IPC Classes  ?

• B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• B29C 64/106 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
• C12M 3/00 - Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus
• C12M 1/26 - Inoculator or sampler

Abstract

A process for preparing a multiblock polymer by statistical copolymerization of a mixture containing ethylene and a 1,3-diene and subsequent polymerization of ethylene in the presence of a rare-earth metallocene and an organomagnesium reagent RB—(Mg—RA)m—Mg—RB or X—Mg—RA—Mg—X is provided. According to the formula, RA is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon-based chain optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms or arylene groups, RB comprises a benzene nucleus substituted with the Mg atom, one of the carbon atoms of the benzene nucleus ortho to the Mg is substituted with a methyl, an ethyl or an isopropyl or forms a ring with the carbon atom which is its closest neighbour and which is meta to the Mg. The other carbon atom of the benzene nucleus ortho to the Mg is substituted with a methyl, ethyl or isopropyl, X being a halogen atom, m being greater than or equal to 1.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 297/08 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
• C08F 4/50 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths, or actinides selected from alkaline earth metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, or silver

Abstract

A telechelic polymer of formula Z1-POLY-Z2 is provided. The term “POLY” denotes a polymer chain comprising units of a 1,3-diene, ethylene units and cyclic units, 1,2-cyclohexane units, Z1 and Z2 denoting a group containing a function, Z1 and Z2 being identical. The polymer has a macrostructure defined by a dispersity of less than 1.5 or by a number-average molar mass of greater than 10 000 g/mol.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 210/02 - Ethene

Abstract

222-containing gas; c) 1. bringing the concentrated solution obtained in step b) into contact, with stirring, with an oxide, a hydroxide, a silicate, an aluminate, a phosphate, a chloride or a sulfate of an alkaline-earth metal or with a material containing an oxide, a silicate, an aluminate, a phosphate, a chloride or a sulfate of an alkaline-earth metal, the energy used for the stirring being at least 2.5 W per gram of stirred sample; or 2. bringing the precipitate obtained in step b) into contact, with milling, with an oxide, a hydroxide, a silicate, an aluminate, a phosphate, a chloride or a sulfate of an alkaline-earth metal or with a material containing an oxide, a silicate, an aluminate, a phosphate, a chloride or a sulfate of an alkaline-earth metal, the energy used for the milling being at least 2.5 W per gram of milled sample; and d) washing the solid obtained.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/62 - Carbon oxides

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of an alkaline salt of a proteinogenic amino acid selected from alanine (Ala), arginine (Arg), asparagine (Asn), aspartate (Asp), cysteine (Cys), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), histidine (His), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), methionine (Met), phenylalanine (Phe), proline (Pro), pyrrolysine (Pyl), selenocysteine (Sec), serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), valine (Val) and lysine (Lys) or one of its derivatives of formula (I), where n is an integer equal to 1, 2, 3 or 5; as well as their optical isomers, for the carbonation of an alkaline-earth metal hydroxide, silicate, aluminate, phosphate, chloride or sulphate, or of a material containing an alkaline-earth metal oxide, silicate, aluminate, phosphate, chloride or sulphate.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/62 - Carbon oxides

Abstract

A catalytic system based on at least one rare-earth metallocene and as co-catalyst an organomagnesium reagent of formula X—Mg—RA—Mg—X is provided. In the formula, RA is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally interrupted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or with an arylene group, and X is a halogen atom. The catalytic system allows the synthesis of dienic and/or ethylenic telechelic polymers.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 4/54 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths, or actinides together with other compounds thereof
• C08F 210/02 - Ethene

Abstract

The invention relates to coupled polyethylenes and coupled copolymers of ethylene and a 1,3-diene and optionally a vinyl aromatic compound which contain more than 50 mol% of ethylene, as well as to a process for the preparation thereof, comprising a polymerization reaction of the monomers in the presence of a borohydrido-neodymocene complex and a halide of an organo-magnesium compound, followed by a coupling reaction with a compound having at least two nitrile functions, each of which preferably substitutes a different or identical aromatic group, and then a hydrolysis reaction.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 210/02 - Ethene
• C08F 293/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing a polyethylene having a terminal ketone function or a copolymer of ethylene and a 1,3-diene and optionally a vinyl aromatic compound which contains more than 50 mol% of ethylene and has a terminal ketone function; said method comprises a polymerization reaction of the monomers in the presence of a borohydrido-neodymocene complex and an organo-magnesium compound, followed by a coupling reaction with a compound having a nitrile function, and then a hydrolysis reaction.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 236/06 - Butadiene
• C08F 210/02 - Ethene
• C08F 110/02 - Ethene
• C08F 8/30 - Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups

Abstract

The invention concerns a preparation of a compound of formula I, The invention concerns a preparation of a compound of formula I, [Chem 1] The invention concerns a preparation of a compound of formula I, [Chem 1] CH3XCH2CH2C(NH2)COOH  (I) where X represents S or Se, by catalytic conversion of a compound of formula II The invention concerns a preparation of a compound of formula I, [Chem 1] CH3XCH2CH2C(NH2)COOH  (I) where X represents S or Se, by catalytic conversion of a compound of formula II [Chem 2] The invention concerns a preparation of a compound of formula I, [Chem 1] CH3XCH2CH2C(NH2)COOH  (I) where X represents S or Se, by catalytic conversion of a compound of formula II [Chem 2] CH3XCH2CH2C(Y)CN  (II) where X represents S or Se and Y represents NH2 or OH, when Y represents NH2, the conversion being carried out in the presence of water and of at least one catalyst comprising at least alumina, titanium dioxide or a mixture thereof, and when Y represents OH, the conversion being carried out in the presence of water, of at least one catalyst comprising at least alumina, titanium dioxide, zirconia or a mixture thereof, and NH3 or an ammonium salt.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 323/58 - Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups with amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton
• C07C 391/00 - Compounds containing selenium

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of a polymer P as antifoaming agent, the polymer P being a linear polymer prepared by polymerization of monomer chosen from monomer M1, monomer M2, or monomer M1 and monomer M2 monomer M1 having the following formula (I): wherein R1 and R2, independently of each other, is chosen from: —a benzyl, —a (C1-C12)alkyl group optionally substituted by a —O—(C1-C12)alkyl group, and —a (C3-C12)cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by a —O—(C1-C12)alkyl group, monomer M2 having the following formula (II): wherein R4 represents: a (C1-C12)alkyl group or a —CH2—O—R5 group, wherein R5 is chosen from: a benzyl, a (C1-C12)alkyl group optionally substituted by a —O(C1-C12)alkyl, and a (C3-C12)cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by a —O—(C1-C12)alkyl group, R3 represents a (C1-C12)alkyl group, or R3 and R4 form together, with the carbon atom bearing them, a ((C3-C12)cycloalkyl group. The invention relates to the use of a polymer P as antifoaming agent, the polymer P being a linear polymer prepared by polymerization of monomer chosen from monomer M1, monomer M2, or monomer M1 and monomer M2 monomer M1 having the following formula (I): wherein R1 and R2, independently of each other, is chosen from: —a benzyl, —a (C1-C12)alkyl group optionally substituted by a —O—(C1-C12)alkyl group, and —a (C3-C12)cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by a —O—(C1-C12)alkyl group, monomer M2 having the following formula (II): wherein R4 represents: a (C1-C12)alkyl group or a —CH2—O—R5 group, wherein R5 is chosen from: a benzyl, a (C1-C12)alkyl group optionally substituted by a —O(C1-C12)alkyl, and a (C3-C12)cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by a —O—(C1-C12)alkyl group, R3 represents a (C1-C12)alkyl group, or R3 and R4 form together, with the carbon atom bearing them, a ((C3-C12)cycloalkyl group.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
• C08G 65/18 - Oxetanes

Abstract

22.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 31/16 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
• B01J 31/22 - Organic complexes
• C07F 15/00 - Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
• C08G 77/12 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
• C08G 77/20 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
• C08J 3/28 - Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
• C08L 83/04 - Polysiloxanes
• C09D 183/04 - Polysiloxanes

Abstract

2233-SCR) catalyst for nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction. The catalyst materials of the invention are of particular interest in providing improved NOx reduction performance in a low temperature range, notably 100°C to 250°C, particularly in the range of at least 130°C and at most 230°C.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/20 - Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
• B01J 23/28 - Molybdenum
• B01J 23/30 - Tungsten
• B01J 23/648 - Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
• B01J 23/652 - Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
• B01J 23/847 - Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
• B01J 23/88 - Molybdenum
• B01J 23/887 - Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups
• B01J 23/888 - Tungsten
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment

Abstract

2233-SCR) catalyst for nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/20 - Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
• B01J 23/30 - Tungsten
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment

Abstract

2233-SCR) catalyst for nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 23/20 - Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
• B01J 23/30 - Tungsten
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties

Abstract

Methods and systems for performing a bioproduction process are described, the bioproduction process comprising the production of a cellular product by a cell population. The methods include the steps of culturing the cell population at least partially embedded in a hydrogel matrix forming a three-dimensional structure.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12M 1/12 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with sterilisation, filtration, or dialysis means
• C12M 1/26 - Inoculator or sampler
• B33Y 70/10 - Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials

Abstract

Methods and systems for performing a bioproduction process are described, the bioproduction process comprising the production of a transformed cell population. The methods include the steps of culturing a cell population at least partially embedded in a hydrogel matrix forming a three-dimensional structure, the hydrogel matrix also comprising a transforming agent.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12M 1/12 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with sterilisation, filtration, or dialysis means
• B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• C12M 1/26 - Inoculator or sampler

Abstract

The invention relates to an in vitro method for determining whether a sample contains a replicating virus, said method comprising detecting Papain-like protease activity (PLpro) of the virus.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12Q 1/37 - Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganismsCompositions thereforProcesses of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase involving peptidase or proteinase
• G01N 33/58 - Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urineTesting involving biospecific ligand binding methodsImmunological testing involving labelled substances

Abstract

A diblock polymer composed of a first block and a second block is provided. The first block is a statistical copolymer comprising units of a 1,3-diene and more than 50 mol % of ethylene units. The second block is a polyethylene with a melting point above 90° C. and a number-average molar mass greater than or equal to 2000 g/mol and less than or equal to 10 000 g/mol. Such a diblock polymer has improved rheology compared to a statistical copolymer of the same microstructure and of the same macrostructure as the first block of the diblock polymer.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 297/08 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins

Abstract

3-SCR) catalyst for nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/10 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of rare earths
• B01D 53/94 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
• B01J 23/30 - Tungsten
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• C07F 11/00 - Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table

Abstract

A method for forming a metal-organic framework comprising a step of providing a substrate; a single step of forming a single layer of metal oxide formed on the substrate said layer of metal oxide being transformed in whole or in part into metal-organic framework by successive implementation of a plurality of reaction cycles; each reaction cycle of the plurality of reaction cycles comprising: a treatment step with at least one ligand; a treatment step with at least one additive; the reaction cycles being implemented at least twice so as to form the metal-organic framework on the substrate.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07F 3/06 - Zinc compounds
• C01B 37/00 - Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties

Abstract

The invention relates to a catalyst system supported on a porous inorganic support, wherein the catalyst system is based at least on a rare-earth metallocene and on an organomagnesium compound, and also to the method for preparing same by impregnation. The use thereof in the polymerization of ethylene and the copolymerization of ethylene with α-olefins in the gas phase enables the synthesis of high-molecular-weight semicrystalline polyolefins in the form of polymer particles of well-controlled morphology, in particular the synthesis of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylenes, UHMWPE.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 110/02 - Ethene
• C08F 4/52 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths, or actinides selected from boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, or rare earths
• C08F 4/02 - Carriers therefor

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing a copolymer of ethylene and of a linear α-olefin having 3 to 8 carbon atoms containing less than 1 mol% of the linear α-olefin, which method comprises the gas-phase polymerisation of a monomer mixture composed of ethylene and the linear α-olefin, in the presence of a catalyst system supported on a porous inorganic support.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
• C08F 4/52 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths, or actinides selected from boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, or rare earths
• C08F 4/02 - Carriers therefor

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a polyethylene, wherein gas phase ethylene is polymerized in the presence of a catalytic system supported on a porous inorganic support, the catalytic system being based at least on a rare-earth metallocene having formula (Ia) or (Ib) and a magnesium organic compound. The process enables the synthesis of semi-crystalline polyethylenes of very high molar mass, such as UHMWPE.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 110/02 - Ethene
• C08F 4/52 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths, or actinides selected from boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, or rare earths
• C08F 4/02 - Carriers therefor

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing a polyurethane polymer, comprising: (A) placing at least one isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) monomer in contact with at least one first polyol, in the presence of at least one first catalyst; (B) placing the urethane prepolymer in contact with at least one second polyol, in the presence of at least one second catalyst in order to form the polyurethane polymer, wherein the first catalyst is a guanidine catalyst and the second catalyst is an organometallic catalyst or wherein the first catalyst is an organometallic catalyst and the second catalyst is a guanidine catalyst. The invention also relates to a two-component composition and the use thereof as an adhesive for bonding two substrates together. Finally, the invention relates to an item comprising at least one layer obtained by cross-linking said composition and a method for preparing said item.

IPC Classes  ?

• B32B 1/00 - Layered products having a non-planar shape
• B32B 15/02 - Layered products essentially comprising metal in a form other than a sheet, e.g. wire, particles
• B32B 19/00 - Layered products essentially comprising natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
• B32B 27/40 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
• B65D 81/34 - Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs intended to be cooked or heated within the package
• C08G 18/12 - Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
• C08G 18/18 - Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
• C08G 18/20 - Heterocyclic aminesSalts thereof
• C08G 18/24 - Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
• C08G 18/40 - High-molecular-weight compounds
• C08G 18/42 - Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 18/75 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
• C09J 175/02 - Polyureas
• B32B 7/12 - Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• B32B 15/09 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
• B32B 15/20 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising aluminium or copper
• B32B 27/36 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin comprising polyesters

Abstract

The invention relates to a diorganomagnesium compound having the formula RB-(Mg-RA)m-Mg-RB, where RB comprises a benzene ring substituted by the magnesium atom, one of the carbon atoms of the benzene ring in the ortho position of the magnesium is substituted by methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or forms a ring with the carbon atom that is its closest neighbour and is in a meta position of the magnesium, the other carbon atom of the benzene ring in the ortho position of the magnesium is substituted by a methyl, ethyl or isopropyl, RA is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, interrupted or not by one or more oxygen atoms or sulphur or by one or more arylene groups, and where m is number greater than or equal to 1, preferably equal to 1. Used as a cocatalyst of a rare earth metallocene, the compound of the invention enables the synthesis of telechelic polymers.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 10/02 - Ethene
• C08F 4/54 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths, or actinides together with other compounds thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a catalytic system based on at least one rare-earth metallocene and, as co-catalyst, an organomagnesium compound having the formula X-Mg-RA-Mg-X, where RA is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, interrupted or not by an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom or by an arylene group, and X is a halogen atom. The catalytic system of the invention enables the synthesis of telechelic diene and/or ethylene polymers.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 10/02 - Ethene
• C08F 4/54 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths, or actinides together with other compounds thereof

Abstract

1212122 being identical, the polymer having a macrostructure defined by a dispersity lower than 1.5 or by a number-average molar mass greater than 10,000 g/mol.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 210/02 - Ethene
• C08F 236/06 - Butadiene
• C08F 4/54 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths, or actinides together with other compounds thereof
• C08F 4/52 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths, or actinides selected from boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, or rare earths

Abstract

The invention relates to a triblock polymer having the formula B-A-B wherein the symbol A represents a block, referred to as the central block, which is a statistical copolymer comprising units of a 1,3-diene and more than 50 mol% of ethylene units, and wherein the symbols B each represent a block, referred to as the terminal block, which consists of a polyethylene having a melting point higher than 90°C and having a number-average molar mass greater than or equal to 2 000 g/mol and less than or equal to 10 000 g/mol. In comparison to a statistical copolymer based on ethylene and 1,3-diene having the same microstructure, the triblock polymer has improved rheological properties, without modifying mechanical and dynamic or thermal properties thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 297/08 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
• C08F 210/02 - Ethene

Abstract

The invention relates to a catalyst system based on at least one rare-earth metallocene and, as a co-catalyst, a magnesium organic compound of formula RB-(Mg-RAmm-Mg-RB, RBcomprising a benzene ring substituted with the magnesium atom, wherein one of the carbon atoms of the benzene ring at the ortho position of the magnesium is substituted with a methyl, an ethyl, an isopropyl or forms a ring with the carbon atom which is its closest neighbour and which is at the meta position of the magnesium, wherein the other carbon atom of the benzene ring at the ortho position of the magnesium is substituted with a methyl, an ethyl or an isopropyl, RA being a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, optionally interrupted by one or more sulphur or oxygen atoms or by one or more arylene groups, m being a number greater than or equal to 1, preferably equal to 1. The system of the invention enables the synthesis of telechelic diene and/or ethylene polymers.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 10/02 - Ethene
• C08F 4/54 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths, or actinides together with other compounds thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a multiblock polymer by random copolymerization of a mixture containing ethylene and a 1,3-diene, then subsequent polymerization of ethylene in the presence of a rare earth metallocene and an organomagnesium compound RB-(Mg-RA)m-Mg-RBor X-Mg-RA-Mg-X, wherein RAis an aliphatic hydrocarbon-based divalent chain, optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms or arylene groups, RB comprises a benzene ring substituted with the Mg atom, one of the carbon atoms of the benzene ring in the ortho position with respect to the Mg being substituted with a methyl, an ethyl or an isopropyl or forming a ring with the carbon atom which is the nearest neighbour thereto, and which is in the meta position with respect to the Mg, the other carbon atom of the benzene ring in the ortho position with respect to the Mg being substituted with a methyl, an ethyl or an isopropyl, X being a halogen atom, and m being a number greater than or equal to 1.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 297/08 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
• C08F 210/02 - Ethene

Abstract

The invention relates to a diorganomagnesium compound having the formula RB-Mg-RA, where RA is a polymer chain of a 1,3-diene, an aromatic α-monoolefin or a mixture thereof having an amine function, RB comprises a benzene ring substituted by the magnesium atom, one of the carbon atoms of the benzene ring in the ortho position of the magnesium is substituted by methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or forms a ring with the carbon atom that is its closest neighbour and is in the meta position of the magnesium, the other carbon atom of the benzene ring in the ortho position of the magnesium is substituted by methyl, ethyl or isopropyl, on condition that if one of the two carbon atoms in the ortho position is substituted by isopropyl, the second carbon atom in the ortho position is not substituted by isopropyl. Used as a co-catalyst of a rare earth metallocene, the diorganomagnesium of the invention enables the synthesis of amine functional polymers.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07F 3/02 - Magnesium compounds
• C07F 17/00 - Metallocenes
• C08F 136/06 - Butadiene
• C08F 236/10 - Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated with vinyl aromatic monomers
• C08F 279/02 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group on to polymers of conjugated dienes
• C08F 295/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation using successively different catalyst types without deactivating the intermediate polymer
• C08F 297/06 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
• C08F 297/08 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
• C08F 8/42 - Introducing metal atoms or metal-containing groups

Abstract

3222322233 or an ammonium salt.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 319/20 - Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides by reactions not involving the formation of sulfide groups
• C07C 323/58 - Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups with amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of a polymer P as antifoaming agent, the polymer P being a linear polymer prepared by polymerization of monomer chosen from monomer M1, monomer M2, or monomer Ml and monomer M2 monomer M1 having the following formula (I): wherein R1and R211211231211211222-O-R5group, wherein R511211231211212)alkyl group, R311212)alkyl group, or R3and R431212)cycloalkyl group.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 65/18 - Oxetanes

Abstract

An additive manufacturing process and device implement the deposition of a material to form a three-dimensional object. The process includes depositing the material in suspension within a stressed granular medium that comprises a granular phase and a gaseous interstitial phase. The granular phase consists solely of a material taking the form of discrete, solid elements that interact in regions of contact therebetween.

IPC Classes  ?

• B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
• C09D 5/03 - Powdery paints
• C09D 1/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
• C09D 131/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
• C09D 133/12 - Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
• C09D 183/04 - Polysiloxanes
• B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• B33Y 10/00 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• B33Y 70/10 - Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials

Abstract

mmMX1X2R wherein M is selected from Y, Sc and Nd, R is a hydrocarbyl group, X1and X2 are anionic groups, D is a neutral donor group, and m is 0 or greater.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 10/02 - Ethene
• C08F 110/02 - Ethene
• C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for detecting the presence of at least one target DNA and/or at least one target RNA in a sample, in particular in a liquid sample.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/157 - Devices for taking samples of blood characterised by integrated means for measuring characteristics of blood
• C12M 3/06 - Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus with filtration, ultrafiltration, inverse osmosis or dialysis means
• C12Q 1/6825 - Nucleic acid detection involving sensors
• A61B 5/15 - Devices for taking samples of blood
• B01L 3/00 - Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glasswareDroppers

Abstract

The invention concerns a diblock polymer consisting of a first block and a second block, the first block being a random copolymer comprising units of a 1,3-diene and more than 50 mol% of ethylene units, the second block being a polyethylene with a melting temperature higher than 90°C and a number average molar mass greater than or equal to 2,000 g/mol and less than or equal to 10,000 g/mol. Such a diblock polymer has improved rheology compared to a random copolymer with the same microstructure and the same macrostructure as the first block of the diblock polymer.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 297/06 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
• C08F 210/02 - Ethene
• C08F 297/08 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins

Abstract

2233-SCR) catalyst for nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 23/10 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of rare earths
• B01J 23/20 - Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
• B01J 23/22 - Vanadium
• B01J 23/28 - Molybdenum
• B01J 23/30 - Tungsten
• B01J 23/72 - Copper
• B01D 53/86 - Catalytic processes
• B01D 53/94 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
• B01J 31/22 - Organic complexes

Abstract

2233-SCR) catalyst for nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 23/10 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of rare earths
• B01J 23/30 - Tungsten
• C07F 11/00 - Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table
• B01D 53/86 - Catalytic processes
• B01D 53/94 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
• B01J 31/22 - Organic complexes

Abstract

The invention relates to an additive manufacturing method and device implementing the deposition of a material to form a three-dimensional object. At least one step of depositing the material is carried out in suspension within a granular constrained medium (8) which comprises: a granular phase (6) consisting solely of a material (9) in the form of discrete and solid elements which interact at contact areas (12) with each other; and a gaseous interstitial phase (13).

IPC Classes  ?

• B33Y 10/00 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
• B29C 64/10 - Processes of additive manufacturing

Abstract

The invention relates to a chromium catalyst according to formula (I), wherein - the groups R1, R2 and R3 are identical and are selected from linear or branched alkyls comprising from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; or - the groups R1, R2 and R3 represent independently of each other a hydrocarbon radical substituted by a nitrogen atom and comprising from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; - the groups R4, R5 and R6 represent an optionally substituted aromatic radical having 6 to 24 carbon atoms; or one of the groups R4, R5 and R6 represents a halogen atom and two of the groups R4, R5 and R6 represent an optionally substituted aromatic radical having 6 to 24 carbon atoms.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 31/18 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
• B01J 31/14 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes

Abstract

1233 represent, independently of one another, a halogen atom.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 31/18 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe a catalyst and/or a precatalyst, in particular a single site catalyst and/or a single site precatalyst, for the oxidation and/or ammoxidation of olefins to produce aldehydes and/or nitriles, methods of preparing a corresponding catalyst and/or precatalyst, in particular single site catalyst and/or single site precatalyst, and methods of using said catalyst and/or precatalyst, in particular said single site catalyst and/or single site precatalyst, to produce aldehydes and/or nitriles.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 31/16 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• C07C 45/35 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties in unsaturated compounds in propene or isobutene
• C07C 253/26 - Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by ammoxidation of hydrocarbons or substituted hydrocarbons containing carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds, e.g. unsaturated aldehydes
• B01J 31/22 - Organic complexes
• B01J 23/31 - Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten combined with bismuth
• B01J 23/18 - Arsenic, antimony or bismuth

Abstract

The invention relates to a selective head-to-tail dimerization of conjugated diene compounds by a heterogeneous catalytic process using a supported catalyst comprising ligands and a transition metal selected from titanium and zirconium.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
• C07C 11/21 - AlkatrienesAlkatetraenesOther alkapolyenes
• C07C 2/40 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of dienes or alkynes of conjugated dienes
• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the dimerization of conjugated diene compounds by a heterogeneous catalytic process using a supported palladium catalyst in the presence of at least one palladium activator and at least one palladium coordinating agent.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/40 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of dienes or alkynes of conjugated dienes
• C07C 11/21 - AlkatrienesAlkatetraenesOther alkapolyenes
• B01J 23/44 - Palladium

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a selective head-to-head dimerization of conjugated diene compounds by a catalytic process in a reaction medium without solvent or with solvent comprising hydrocarbons, in the presence of a specific additive of the phenol type.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/40 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of dienes or alkynes of conjugated dienes
• C07C 5/03 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a bio-ink by additive deposition, which comprises supplying: a first solution including between 5 and 40 wt.% gelatin; a second solution including between 15 and 35.wt.% alginate; a third solution including between 1 and 15 wt.% fibrinogen, and optionally living cells in suspension; and creating a mixture including: around 35 to 65 vol.% of the first solution; around 15 to 35 vol.% of the second solution; and around 15 to 35 vol.% of the third solution, said proportions being selected so that they add up to 100%. Said bio-ink allows the additive deposition of objects that can be polymerised by means of a solution including calcium ions and thrombin. Said objects can be incubated and can be used as a substitute for body tissue, for example (with added fibroblasts) as skin substitute.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 5/071 - Vertebrate cells or tissues, e.g. human cells or tissues
• A61K 35/36 - SkinHairNailsSebaceous glandsCerumenEpidermisEpithelial cellsKeratinocytesLangerhans cellsEctodermal cells
• C12Q 1/02 - Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganismsCompositions thereforProcesses of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
• B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a vinylidene chloride polymer composite comprising a vinylidene chloride polymer and clay materials. The process comprises polymerising vinylidene chloride and clay materials and the resulting vinylidene chloride polymer particle is surrounded by a plurality of clay platelets. The clay materials according to the present invention function as a solid stabilizer in the process for preparing a vinylidene chloride polymer composite of the present invention. The present invention further relates to the vinylidene chloride polymer composite obtainable from the process, to use of the vinylidene chloride polymer composite for the preparation of films, and to films prepared therefrom.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 214/08 - Vinylidene chloride
• C08J 5/18 - Manufacture of films or sheets
• C08F 292/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to inorganic materials
• C08K 3/34 - Silicon-containing compounds
• C09D 7/02 - Use of compounds as anti-settling agents
• C09D 7/12 - Other additives
• C09D 127/08 - Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene chloride
• C08L 27/08 - Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene chloride

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for obtaining alpha-olefins by heterogeneous catalytic ethenolysis of optionally-functionalized unsaturated, in particular mono- unsaturated, olefins. The invention also relates to new supported catalysts that can be used in the process of the invention and to a method for preparing said supported catalysts.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 31/16 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
• B01J 31/22 - Organic complexes
• C07F 11/00 - Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table
• C07C 2/06 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• C07C 2/30 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds containing a metal-to-carbon bondMetal hydrides
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 6/04 - Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond
• B01J 23/28 - Molybdenum
• B01J 23/30 - Tungsten
• C08F 4/78 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group selected from refractory metals selected from chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lithography and transfer method including the following consecutive steps: a) a step for depositing at least one biopolymer onto a substrate from an aqueous solution of said biopolymer; b) a step for exposing localized areas of the deposited biopolymer(s) to electromagnetic radiation or to an electron or ion beam in a pattern or series of patterns; c) a development step, causing the removal of the biopolymer(s) on the exposed areas so as to obtain substrate areas that are not covered with biopolymer(s) and that correspond to said pattern or to said series of patterns, which areas are defined by a mask of biopolymer(s); d) a step for transferring the pattern or series of patterns by etching, deposition, and/or implanting onto the areas of the substrate that are not covered by the mask of biopolymer(s); and e) a step for selectively removing the mask of biopolymer(s) deposited onto the substrate, the biopolymer(s) being selected from among chitosan and alginates.

IPC Classes  ?

• G03F 7/039 - Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists

Abstract

The present invention relates in particular to a method for detecting and measuring traces of H2S in a liquid sample, said method comprising the following steps: a) bringing a liquid sample to be tested into contact with a hybrid porous solid of the MOF (Metal Organic Framework) type having -N3 groups at the outer surface or in the pores thereof; b) subjecting the hybrid porous solid of the MOF type to laser or LED irradiation at a wavelength of 300-400 nm, preferably 343 nm; the hybrid porous solid of the MOF type being previously isolated from the liquid sample and arranged on a two-dimensional medium, or being suspended in the liquid sample in a container having walls that are transparent to ultraviolet radiation and suitable for containing liquids; c) measuring the intensity of the photoluminescence signal emitted by the solid arranged on the medium or in the container in the spectral range of 500-600 nm; and d) determining the H2S concentration in the sample from the photoluminescence signal thus measured, using a pre-established calibration curve. The present invention also relates to a device for detecting and measuring traces of H2S in a liquid sample, making it possible to implement said method. The present invention also relates to the use of a laser or LED for detecting or measuring traces of H2S in a liquid sample, as well as the use of a hybrid porous solid of the MOF (Metal Organic Framework) type having -N3 groups at the outer surface or in the pores thereof, for this same purpose.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 21/64 - FluorescencePhosphorescence
• C07F 15/02 - Iron compounds
• G01N 21/77 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
• G01N 31/22 - Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroupsApparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators

Abstract

The invention relates to a selective head-to-head dimerization of conjugated diene compounds by a catalytic process in a reaction medium without solvent or with solvent comprising hydrocarbons, in the presence of a specific additive of the phenol type.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/40 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of dienes or alkynes of conjugated dienes
• C07C 5/03 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds

Abstract

The invention concerns an assembly consisting of a substrate on which at least one lipid bilayer is attached by means of a peptide, referred to as the tethering peptide, which is itself linked to the substrate, characterised in that the tethering peptide has a C-terminal end constituted by at least four consecutive histidines and in that the lipid bilayer comprises a portion of lipids having a chelating headgroup enclosing a metal cation providing the link with the tethering peptide as a result of metal-chelate interactions between the metal cation and at least a portion of the histidines located at the C-terminal position of the tethering peptide; and the method for preparing same and the associated detection methods.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 33/543 - ImmunoassayBiospecific binding assayMaterials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
• G01N 21/552 - Attenuated total reflection
• G01N 33/68 - Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urineTesting involving biospecific ligand binding methodsImmunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids

Abstract

The invention relates especially to a method for grafting oligopeptides into porous hybrid materials, especially metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The invention also relates to porous hybrid materials functionalised on the outer surface and in the pores thereof, which can be produced by said grafting method. The invention is especially applicable in asymmetric catalysis, enantioselective separation, and biodetectors.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 31/16 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
• B01J 31/22 - Organic complexes
• B01J 20/22 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
• B01J 20/29 - Chiral phases
• B01J 20/286 - Phases chemically bonded to a substrate, e.g. to silica or to polymers
• G01N 33/50 - Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urineTesting involving biospecific ligand binding methodsImmunological testing
• C07K 17/14 - Peptides being immobilised on, or in, an inorganic carrier
• C07F 19/00 - Metal compounds according to more than one of main groups
• C07C 51/41 - Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids by conversion of the acids or their salts into salts with the same carboxylic acid part
• C07B 53/00 - Asymmetric syntheses
• C07C 29/38 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring increasing the number of carbon atoms by reactions with formation of hydroxy groups, which may occur via intermediates being derivatives of hydroxy groups, e.g. O-metal by reaction with aldehydes or ketones

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional, in particular trifunctional, bimetallic or trimetallic catalyst, which consists of a heteropoly acid (HPA), a group IA or IIA element Z, one or two group VIIB or VIIIB metals M', and a group IB or IIB metal M". Said catalyst can be used in converting lignocellulosic material into organic molecules constituting a biofuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 27/188 - PhosphorusCompounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
• B01J 23/78 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 23/889 - Manganese, technetium or rhenium
• B01J 23/89 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
• C01G 1/00 - Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses , , , , in general
• C01G 1/08 - Nitrates

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aqueous polymer latex, wherein the polymer particles comprise at least a first polymer P1 and at least a second polymer P2 grafted to the first polymer P1.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 2/00 - Processes of polymerisation
• C08F 257/02 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of aromatic monomers as defined in group on to polymers of styrene or alkyl-substituted styrenes
• C08F 265/06 - Polymerisation of acrylate or methacrylate esters on to polymers thereof

Abstract

Activating supports may be suitably prepared by the following procedure (a) providing a porous mineral oxide support material, (b) treating the support with a phosphorus-containing compound, (c) treating the support from step (b) with an organometallic compound, (d) heating the functionalized support from step (c) under an inert gas and then under an atmosphere comprising oxygen, (e) fluorinating the support with a fluorinating agent, and (f) recovering an activating support. The activating supports are suitable used in combination with single site catalysts for the polymerization of olefins. The supports are most preferably used in combination with metallocene complexes. The preparative route for the activating supports provides for supported polymerization catalyst systems having excellent activities.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 10/00 - Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• C08F 4/02 - Carriers therefor
• C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring

Abstract

The invention relates to polymer particles in the form of filaments formed by block copolymers, as well as to the use thereof as rheology modifiers for organic or aqueous solutions. A first aspect of the invention relates to filamentous polymer particles having a length/diameter ratio greater than 100, said particles being formed by block copolymers synthesised by controlled radical polymerisation in emulsion, performed using at least one hydrophobic monomer in the presence of a water-soluble macroinitiator. The invention is characterised in that the filamentous particles are obtained in an aqueous medium for the synthesis of said block copolymers, performed by heating the reaction medium to a temperature between 60 and 120°C, the final block copolymer containing between 10 and 50 mol.-% of the water-soluble macroinitiator and the hydrophobic monomer conversion rate being at least 50%. A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for modifying the rheology of an organic or aqueous solution using said filamentous polymer particles.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 293/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
• C08F 2/22 - Emulsion polymerisation
• C08F 2/38 - Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents
• C09K 8/035 - Organic additives
• D01D 5/38 - Formation of filaments, threads, or the like during polymerisation

Abstract

The present invention relates to copolymers with polar and non-polar olefin blocks with a variable polar monomer content of 0.1 mol % to 99.9 mol %. The invention also relates to a method for obtaining copolymers with olefin blocks and vinyl polar monomer blocks, said method using a single-component catalytic system made up of an organometallic complex containing a metal belonging to groups VIII to X. Said organometallic complex is advantageously active in the medium without adding a co-catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 297/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
• C08F 210/02 - Ethene
• C08F 4/80 - MetalsMetal hydridesMetallo-organic compoundsUse thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group selected from iron group metals or platinum group metals

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for in vivo dosimetry, consisting of: a miniature probe (1) comprising at least (i) a radioluminescent material (3) which emits a luminescence signal having an intensity that varies according to the high-energy radiation irradiating the material (ii) and an optical fibre (4) which receives the radioluminescence signal and transmits same to a luminescence detection system (14); and a luminescence detection system. The invention is characterised in that the radioluminescent material is gallium nitride (GaN), emitting a luminescence signal in at least one narrowband (BE), and in that the luminescence detection system (14) includes an optical device (18) that can be used to select the gallium nitride emission narrowband.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01T 1/161 - Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
• G01T 1/20 - Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors

Abstract

The invention relates to chain reversible transfer agents used for a RAFT polymerisation and belonging to a dithioester, xanthate or a trithiocarbonate family comprising a group of formula (I), wherein R is a group containing at least one active ester function or a group of formula (II), wherein R' is a group containing at least one L-amide function, and L is selected between biological ligands, mono- or disaccharides, lipids, colorants, fluorescent molecules, polymer chains and solid carriers (II).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 327/36 - Esters of dithiocarboxylic acids
• C07C 329/00 - Thiocarbonic acidsHalides, esters or anhydrides thereof
• C08F 2/38 - Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents
• C07D 207/46 - Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with hetero atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
• C07D 295/12 - Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms
• C07D 495/04 - Ortho-condensed systems
• C07H 5/06 - Aminosugars
• C07F 9/10 - Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin