The invention relates to a method for the partial oxidation of pyrolytically produced breakdown products for producing synthesis gas (17) in a direct-current reactor (1) through which solid biomass particles (6) flow, in which synthetic high-carbon substances (32/35) are mixed with the solid biomass particles (6), wherein the solid biomass particles (6) are used in a drying area (2) and in a downstream pyrolysis area (3) as a migratory reaction surface for the pyrolytic breakdown of the synthetic high-carbon substances (32/35), and the oxygen which is chemically bound in the solid biomass particles (6) is at least partially used as an oxidant for the partial oxidation, wherein an additional supply of oxygen-containing gas (7) is carried out in an oxidation area (4), whereby the biomass particles (6) are at least partially converted into fine oxidation residues having an average particle size of less than 1 mm.
The invention relates to a method for producing synthesis gas (130) from carbon-rich substances (112) in a vertical shaft with a bulk material moving bed (110), wherein a pyrolysis zone (141) and a reduction zone (142) are formed from an oxidation zone (143) in the bulk material moving bed (110) through which the gas flows in order to generate components of the synthesis gas (130), wherein the synthesis gas (130) is withdrawn at a removal point (131) between an upper bulk material zone (114) and a lower bulk material zone (115), and the carbon-rich substances (112) are moved with the bulk material moving bed (110) from the pyrolysis zone (141) in the upper bulk material zone (114), via the central region (104), into the reduction zone (142) and into the oxidation zone (143) in the lower bulk material zone (115) of the bulk material moving bed (110), wherein there is a co-current flowing through the upper bulk material zone (114) and a counter-current flowing through the lower bulk material zone (115).
A method is used to thermally crack carbon- and hydrogen-containing substances in a vertical process chamber under formation of synthesis gas (14). The substances are combined with bulk material, which does not gasify during the process, into a mixture which is guided from top to bottom through a pyrolysis zone (32) in which the mixture is heated to an intrinsic temperature of above 300 °C in the counterflow of hot gases under formation of coke, and subsequently the formed coke is guided together with the bulk material through an oxidation zone (26) located therebelow under at least partial oxidation of the coke and under generation of temperatures of above 700 °C. In order to counteract a temperature drop toward the middle of the cross-section, in particular in the region of the pyrolysis zone and the oxidation zone, it is proposed that the mixture is guided through an annular cross-section, at least in the region of the pyrolysis zone (32).
The invention relates to a method for thermally cleaving organic waste substances that have a melting point of less than 250°C. The production of, for example, synthesis gas from organic waste substances having a low melting point is often difficult because the materials evaporate and can enter the discharged gas flow undecomposed. In order to avoid this, the organic waste substances according to the invention are metered in liquid and/or vaporous form into the rising gas flow countercurrently to an energy buffer formed as a heated bulk-material moving bed and the organic waste substances are thermally cleaved into synthesis gas under reductive conditions while the organic waste substances flow through the energy buffer, the intrinsic temperature of the energy buffer having a gradient that decreases in the flow direction of the formed synthesis gas.
C01B 3/42 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts using moving solid particles
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
The invention relates to a method for recovering phosphorous products from biological waste materials. The aim of the invention is to provide an economical method for recovering phosphorous. This is achieved in that biological waste materials are mixed with a bulk material consisting of an alkaline material or with a bulk material which is moved with an alkaline material. The produced mixture is transferred into a furnace in which the carbon- and hydrogen-containing compounds of the waste materials are converted into syngas under overall reducing conditions. The syngas is drawn at the upper end of the furnace, and the bulk material comprising oxygen-containing gas is cooled to a temperature of less than 500 °C at the lower end of the furnace and separated into at least two fractions, the finer-grain fraction being removed as a phosphorous-containing valuable material.
B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
C05B 13/06 - Alkali or alkaline earth meta- or polyphosphate fertilisers
F23G 5/027 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying
F23G 7/00 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals
The invention relates to a device for burning dust-containing gaseous substances (1) with the aid of a plurality of burners. To improve the properties, the burners (11, 21, 22) according to the invention are installed in a closed combustion chamber divided into at least two combustion part-chambers (2, 3) of different volume portions, wherein the gaseous substances are fed to said combustion chambers via separate pipelines (4, 6) and via overpressure valves (5, 7), wherein the overpressure valve (5) upstream of the combustion chamber (3) having the smaller volumetric content has a lower response pressure than the overpressure valve (7) upstream of the combustion chamber (2) having the larger volumetric content, and at least one of the two combustion chambers also has a device for burning fossil fuels (15).
F23C 6/04 - Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers in series connection
F23G 7/08 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
The process serves for utilization of metal-containing waste materials. To develop a process which permits the controlled reaction of metals with water to produce hydrogen in such a way that the hydrogen can be utilized in a simple and safe manner and the solid that arises has only an uncritical hydrogen formation potential, if any, it is proposed that the metal-containing waste materials (1) be mixed with alkaline materials (2) and passed through the pyrolysis zone (3) of a gasification reactor at temperatures of up to 1400°C, in the course of which a water-containing synthesis gas flows through them (4), and the hydrogen formed here by reaction of the metals with water is mixed into the water-containing synthesis gas and then, after leaving the pyrolysis zone (at 5), is utilized thermally and/or physically.
The method serves for purifying dust-bearing synthesis gases (1) formed in reactors or shaft furnaces (2) by carbothermal and/or electrothermal processes, freed from dusty solids (4) by physical separation techniques (3) at elevated temperatures after leaving the reactor or shaft furnace, and cooled using downstream heat exchanger (5). To attain long filter life while effectively purifying the synthesis gas, the proposal is to lead the dust-bearing synthesis gas (1) over a dwell-time section (6) after it has left the reactor (2) and before it has been freed from dusty solids, in the presence of steam, with the difference between the final synthesis gas temperature (T3) after freeing from the dusty solids and cooling and the maximum gas temperature in the dwell-time section (T2) being set at not less than 400 K.
C10K 3/00 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
9.
COUNTERFLOW/DIRECT FLOW GASIFICATION OF CARBON-RICH SUBSTANCES
The method is used to produce synthesis gas by the gasification of carbon-rich substances using bulk material as the reaction surface. In a first stage, gasification takes place with gas containing oxygen through partial oxidation in the counterflow in a first vertical process chamber (1) in a first column of bulk material (5) which can move downwards to which the carbon-rich substances (A) are added before entry into the first vertical process chamber (1). In order to be able to obtain the gaseous reaction products energy-efficiently as a high-quality synthesis gas with high gas yield free from oil and tar components, according to the invention the gaseous products generated in the upper region are passed into a second vertical process chamber (20) and regasified at a higher temperature in a second stage in the direct flow with gas containing oxygen in a bulk material column (21) which can move downwards, whereby said products are drawn off from a region (29) located lower down in the vertical process chamber (20).
The invention relates to an autothermal method that is used for the continues gasification of carbon-rich substances (A) in a vertical process chamber (2) having a reduction zone (12) and an oxidation zone (6), in which the carbon-rich substances calcined in the reduction zone oxidize with oxygen-containing gas (8), wherein the gaseous reaction products (15) are drawn off at the top face of the vertical process chamber, the vertical process chamber is constructed in the form of a vertical shaft furnace, through which bulk material (3), which itself is not oxidized, flows continuously from top to bottom, wherein the carbon-rich substances are added to the bulk material before entering into the vertical process chamber. According to the invention, in order to be able to produce high-quality synthesis gas having a minimal fraction of inert gas without detrimentally influencing the energy efficiency of the countercurrent gasification, carbon monoxide-containing gas is introduced as cooling gas (10) into a cooling zone (11) at the lower end of the vertical shaft furnace.
A process serves for the carbothermic/electrothermic production of crude iron or other base products in furnaces (23) by using mixtures comprising iron ore, oxides and/or carbonates of calcium (A) and carbonaceous materials, with formation of carbon monoxide-containing gases. In order to provide a novel process having an increased level of energy efficiency which provides high quality grade synthesis gas, it is proposed that the iron ore and/or the oxides and/or carbonates of calcium are, in whole or in part, first used as bulk material together with organic materials (3) in an upstream vertical moving-bed reactor (2) constructed as a counterflow gasifier, which moving-bed reactor has a bulk material at least in part comprising alkaline substances as moving bed, and a reduction (12) and oxidation zone (6), the organic materials are in whole or in part converted to synthesis gas (9) by gasification with oxygen-containing gases (8) and the remaining bulk material (22) is at least in part provided as raw material mixture for the carbothermic production of crude iron or electrothermic production of base products.
B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
12.
METHOD FOR OBTAINING METALS AND RARE EARTH METALS FROM SCRAP
The method is used to obtain metals, noble metals, and rare earth metals from scrap. The aim of the invention is to provide a method that allows an efficient recovery even from electronic scrap. This is achieved in that the scrap and carbon-containing materials (A) are oxidized with oxygen-containing gases (11) in the presence of alkaline materials under overall reducing conditions with an overall lambda of <1 in an updraft gasifier (2) with a bulk material moving bed, said gasifier having a reduction zone (13) and an oxidation zone (7). The resulting syngas is drawn at the upper part (16) of the updraft gasifier, and the metals, noble metals, and rare earth metals are bound at least partly to the alkaline materials as oxides and/or in elementary form. Finally, said metals are obtained from the process as an enriched mixture (B) by means of physical separation methods.
The invention relates to a method for the continuous obtention of synthesis gas by the direct gasification of carbon fractions contained in oil sands and/or oil shales in a vertical process chamber (2) having a calcination zone and an oxidation zone (6), in which the calcinated, fractions rich in carbon oxidize with oxygen-containing gas. The gaseous reaction products are withdrawn at the top of the vertical processing chamber (2) that has the shape of a vertical shaft furnace which is continuously flown through from the top to the bottom by a bulk material which itself is not oxidized. Oxygen-containing gas (10) is at least partially introduced beneath the oxidation zone, whereby the rising gas flow is facilitated. The bulk material is at least partially provided by the natural inert rock content in the oil sands and/or the oil shales. Added alkaline substances convert under reductive conditions the gaseous sulfur compounds, which were obtained at temperatures above 400 °C from the constituents of the oil sands and/or the oil shales, by chemical reaction into solid sulfur compounds which are at least partially discharged with the gaseous reaction products and are removed from the gas phase at temperatures above 300 °C by fine material separation (18).
The invention relates to a method for obtaining purified halides and/or the aqueous solution thereof with the thermal cracking of carbon carriers that contain halogen in counter-current gasifiers (1), which are operated with a moving bed (2) of bulk material and in counter-current with a gas (3) that contains oxygen and which generate syngas as the main product. The moving bed (2) of bulk material consists at least partly of fine-grained calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, or a mixture of two or three of said components. The formed syngas is heated (4) together with substantial portions of the fine-grained material to at least 500 °C. The fine particle portion is at least partly separated at at least 350 °C by means of physical separation methods (5). The resulting filtered dust (6) is at least partially suspended (8) in an aqueous medium in the presence of gases (11) that contain CO2 and subsequently separated by means of a solid-liquid separation process (20), and a halide solution (23) is obtained as the liquid phase.
C02F 1/52 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
15.
METHOD FOR THE ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY OBTENTION OF LIGHT OIL AND/OR FUELS ON THE BASIS OF CRUDE BITUMEN FROM OIL SHALES AND/OR OIL SANDS
The present invention relates to a method for the energy-efficient and environmentally friendly obtention of light oil and/or fuels on the basis of crude bitumen from oil shales and/or oil sands (1) by thermal use of carbonaceous residues which are obtained during this process, whereby the carbonaceous residues are converted at temperatures below 1800 °C into sulfur-poor, gaseous cleavage products (31) by sub-stoichiometric oxidation with oxygen-containing gas in an updraft gasifier (19) which is operated with a bulk material moving bed while alkaline substances are added. The cleavage products are then converted into sensible heat by hyperstoichiometric oxidation and are used for the production of heated aqueous process media (2) for physically comminuting the oil sands and/or oil shales (1) and/or for separating of the crude bitumen (7) from the rock material and/or as process heat for the thermal fractioning (12) of the crude bitumen (7).
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of precipitated calcium carbonate by a temperature-controlled reaction of a suspension, which essentially consists of calcium hydroxide and water, with carbon dioxide-containing gases, in which the suspension and the carbon dioxide-containing gases are guided through a reaction chamber (1) which has only openings towards the inlet side (4) and the outlet side (8) and which, by the input of mechanical energy via one or more rotating installations, accelerates the aqueous suspension and the carbon dioxide-containing gases as a reaction mixture to circumferential speeds of more than 10 meters per second, whereby a pressure difference of more than 200 mbar is generated between the inlet side (4) and the outlet side (8) of the reaction chamber and the suspension and the carbon dioxide-containing gases are intensively mixed, at the same time transported through the reaction chamber (1) and guided on the outlet side (8) through a pressure line (9).
The apparatus serves to thermally separate carbon-rich substances in a moving bed reactor (1) through which a bulk material (6) passes. A vertical bulk material column (5) for supplying the material is supplemented by a bulk material column for removing material, wherein the widths and heights of the bulk material columns (5, 13) and the composition of the bulk material (6) are selected in such a manner that sealing of the interior of the reactor is brought about by an internal pressure loss in the columns (5, 13). At the same time, a stream of bulk material is made possible, wherein a first cavity (11) is provided in the upper reactor region and a second cavity (9) is provided in the lower reactor region, between which cavities a differential pressure Δρ of at least 50 mbar is provided, said differential pressure being stabilized by the pressure loss via the fill.
The invention relates to a process for the production of binders by calcinating mineral raw material mixtures. In order to improve the process and the quality of the binders, it is proposed that oil shale and/or oil sand fills are converted by targeted agglomeration into particles of a certain size and consistency, wherein the water content for the mechanical stabilization of the agglomerate is adjusted to less than 25 percent and the agglomerates are calcinated to form binders at temperatures between 800 and 1500 °C under reductive conditions over the entire process with a Lambda value < 1 in a vertical shaft furnace with updraft gasification. The binding properties are adjusted by the targeted addition of CaO-containing substances and/or existing sulfur fractions of the oil sands and/or oil shales are bound by means of the CaO that is present in the starting material and/or added.
C04B 7/24 - Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
C04B 7/30 - Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from oil shaleCements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from oil shale residues
Carbonates are oxidized in calcining kilns (1) with elimination of CO2, with combustion of carbonaceous fuels. In this process mineral starting materials are thermally treated. It has been found that the method may be carried out more efficiently when technical oxygen or air enriched by technical oxygen is used as oxidant in the fuel mixture and the CO2-containing exhaust gas formed in the combustion is at least in part recirculated as dilution gas to the fuel mixture and/or is introduced as cooling gas into a cooling zone at the bottom end of the calcining kiln (1).
The invention relates to an autothermic method for the continuous gasification of substances (14) rich in carbon in a vertical processing chamber (100) having a calcination zone (C) and an oxidation zone (D), in which the calcinated substances rich in carbon oxidize with gas containing oxygen, wherein the gaseous reaction products are withdrawn at the top (G) of the vertical processing chamber (100). The vertical processing chamber is configured in the shape of a vertical shaft furnace (100), which is continuously flowed through from the top to the bottom by a bulk product (13) conducted in a cycle, which itself is not oxidized, wherein the substances (14) rich in carbon are added to the bulk product (13) before entering (3) the furnace, and the gas containing the oxygen is introduced in and/or beneath the oxidation zone (D), whereby the rising gas flow is facilitated. An after-cooling zone (F), in which the bulk product is cooled to below 100°C, is configured by introducing at least part of the gas containing the oxygen at the lower end (4) of the vertical processing chamber (100).
C10J 3/22 - Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
C10J 3/66 - Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
F23G 5/027 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying
21.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REPROCESSING COឬSBᡶ2ឬ/SBᡶ-CONTAINING EXHAUST GASES
The invention relates to a method for reprocessing CO2-containing exhaust gases in a multistage reduction process. The CO2-containing exhaust gas is conducted in the counter stream to a solid mass stream of inert bulk material and organic material that can be thermally decomposed through a plurality of zones (4, 3, 2, 1) into a pressure equalization region and is thereby converted into pyrolysis gases. In the flow direction of the solid mass stream in a fuel gas production stage (1) at 250 - 700°C, the organic matter is thermally decomposed under reducing conditions into short-chained hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide to produce coke and residue. In an intermediate stage (2) with increasing temperature, oxidation of the pyrolysis coke is carried out, wherein the developing carbon monoxide is suctioned off counter to the solid mass stream in the direction of the fuel gas production stage (1). In a carbon monoxide production stage (3) at 800 - 1,600°C, the remaining coke residue is converted with carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide by setting the pressure and temperature according to the Boudouard equilibrium. In a cooling stage (4), the developing solid residual material and the bulk material are cooled in the CO2 counter stream to below 100°C and are separated, wherein the bulk material is returned to the cycle.
C10B 49/06 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated according to the "moving bed" technique
C10J 1/207 - Carburetting by pyrolysis of solid carbonaceous material in a fuel bed
C10J 3/46 - Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels in suspension
06 - Common metals and ores; objects made of metal
11 - Environmental control apparatus
19 - Non-metallic building materials
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Building materials of metal for furnaces, containers and housings, and for pipes. Furnaces, apparatus for heating, steam generating, cooking, refrigerating, drying and ventilating. Building materials, non-metallic, for furnaces, containers of masonry, transportable buildings not of metal; non-metallic rigid piping for building. Repair consultancy; furnace installation and repair. Waste processing, conversion and processing of used materials, generation of energy.
