A flow-rate measurement assembly for measuring a flow rate of a medium through a measurement pipe, comprising at least one differential-pressure producer, and comprising a differential-pressure measurement transducer for providing a differential-pressure measurement signal, which depends upon the difference between the high-pressure-side media pressure and the low-pressure-side media pressure. The difference is a measure of the flow rate of the medium. The evaluating unit is designed to determine a relationship between the differential-pressure measurement signal and a characteristic parameter of a fluctuation of the differential-pressure measurement signal, to judge the determination of a monotonically decreasing relationship between the differential-pressure measurement signal and the characteristic parameter to be an indication of a clogged high-pressure line, and to judge the determination of a monotonically increasing relationship between the differential-pressure measurement signal and the characteristic parameter, the monotonically increasing relationship of which is significantly stronger than the monotonically increasing relationship of an unclogged flow-rate measurement assembly, as an indication of a clogged low-pressure line.
G01F 1/34 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
G01F 1/36 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
A differential pressure sensor comprises a measuring diaphragm made of an electrically conductive material, two electrically insulating mating bodies, and at least one capacitive transducer. The measuring diaphragm is connected to the mating bodies in a pressure-tight manner with the formation of a measuring chamber in each case along a circumferential edge. The mating bodies each have a diaphragm bed which is concave in the center, wherein the mating bodies each have a pressure channel which extends through the mating body into the measuring chamber. The capacitive transducer has at least one mating body electrode which is formed by a metallic coating of the surface of the mating body in the region of the diaphragm bed and with which contact can be made by a metallic coating of the wall of the pressure channel. The mating body electrode is formed by an inner region of the metallic coating, which inner region is annularly enclosed by an outer region of the coating and is separated from the latter by an annular insulation region.
G01L 9/12 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in capacitance
G01L 13/02 - Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values using elastically-deformable members or pistons as sensing elements
G01L 19/06 - Means for preventing overload or deleterious influence of the measured medium on the measuring device or vice versa
A pressure sensor, including a platform of ceramic, a measuring membrane arranged on the platform, a pressure measuring chamber enclosed in the platform under the measuring membrane, and at least one metal body connected with the platform via a pressure-tight, preferably elastomer free, mechanical connection. Thermomechanical stresses arising from the connection are reduced by features including that the pressure-tight, mechanical connection occurs via an adapting body arranged between the platform and the metal body. The adapting body has a thermal expansion coefficient, which rises in direction (z) extending from the platform to the metal body from a coefficient of expansion corresponding to a thermal coefficient of expansion of the ceramic of the platform to a coefficient of expansion corresponding to the thermal coefficient of expansion of the metal body, and the adapting body is connected by a first joint with the platform and by a second joint with the metal body.
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
C04B 37/02 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
G01L 13/02 - Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values using elastically-deformable members or pistons as sensing elements
G01L 19/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
G01L 19/06 - Means for preventing overload or deleterious influence of the measured medium on the measuring device or vice versa
G01L 19/04 - Means for compensating for effects of changes of temperature
A method for manufacturing a pressure measuring cell, which has a ceramic platform and a ceramic measuring membrane, wherein the measuring membrane is joined with the platform pressure tightly by an active hard solder, or braze, wherein the method includes: providing the platform, the measuring membrane and the active hard solder, or braze, positioning the active hard solder, or braze, between the platform and the measuring membrane; melting the active hard solder, or braze, by irradiating the active hard solder, or braze, by a laser, wherein the irradiating of the active hard solder, or braze, occurs through the measuring membrane; and letting the active hard solder, or braze, solidify by cooling.
G01L 9/12 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in capacitance
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
The invention relates to a radiometric measuring device for carrying out measurements in an explosion-prone area, which radiometric measuring device requires only little space at the measurement location and can be economically produced. The radiometric measuring device comprises a measuring unit (7) that can be used in the explosion-prone area. Said measuring unit comprises a scintillator (13), which converts radioactive radiation incident on the scintillator into photons, and a semiconductor detector (15), which is connected to the scintillator (13) and can be operated by means of an inherently safe energy supply and metrologically captures photons arising in the scintillator (13) and reaching the semiconductor detector (15), and converts said photons into electrical measurement signals. Explosion protection measures to be associated exclusively with the ignition protection class of the inherent safety are provided in the measuring unit. The radiometric measuring device also comprises a superordinate unit (11) to be arranged outside of the explosion-prone area and to be connected to the measuring unit (7). The superordinate unit effects an inherently safe supply of the measuring unit (7)—in particular, the semiconductor detector (15), during measuring operation.
A pressure sensor comprises an operating circuit and a pressure-measuring cell comprising a counter body, a measurement membrane, which is arranged on the counter body and can be deformed by a pressure to be measured, and a capacitive transducer, which has at least one membrane electrode arranged on the measurement membrane and at least one counter-body electrode arranged on the counter body. The capacitance between the membrane electrode and the counter-body electrode depends on a pressure-dependent deformation of the measurement membrane, wherein at least the membrane electrode has a temperature-dependent impedance. The operating circuit is designed to sense at least one capacitance between the at least one counter-body electrode and the at least one membrane electrode and to provide a pressure measurement value on the basis of at least one capacitance and to determine the impedance of the membrane electrode—particularly, the ohmic portion of the impedance of the membrane electrode.
G01L 19/04 - Means for compensating for effects of changes of temperature
G01L 9/12 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in capacitance
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
A relative pressure sensor (1) includes a pressure measuring cell (10) having a measuring diaphragm (12), a main body (14) which is connected to said measuring diaphragm, and a the measuring chamber between the measuring diaphragm and main body, a reference pressure being applied to the measuring chamber by a reference pressure channel (18) which runs from a rear face (16) of the main body (14) through the main body (14); a clamping ring (38); and a housing (40) which has at least one housing body (42) with a measuring cell chamber (46), wherein the pressure measuring cell (10) is clamped in the measuring cell chamber (46) by the clamping ring (38). The housing has a reference air opening (48) which communicates with the reference pressure channel (18) by a reference air path which has a path volume which is separate from the volume of the measuring cell chamber, wherein the reference air path has a section which runs along the rear face of the main body, wherein the section is bounded by the rear face of the main body and a guide body, which guide body is clamped in against the rear face of the main body and covers an opening of the reference pressure channel (18) in the rear face of the main body.
G01L 9/12 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in capacitance
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
G01L 19/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
A pressure sensor comprises a deformable measuring diaphragm, and a mating body connected in a pressure-tight manner and forms a measuring chamber in which a reference pressure is present. A pressure can be applied to an outside of the measuring diaphragm. The pressure sensor has a capacitive transducer having at least one mating body electrode and at least one diaphragm electrode. Above a pressure limit value for the pressure, at least one central surface section of the measuring diaphragm rests against the mating body with a contact surface area, the size of which is dependent on the pressure. The pressure sensor also has a resistive transducer for converting a pressure-dependent deformation of the measuring diaphragm, when pressed in a range of values above the pressure limit value, into an electrical signal using an electrical resistance which is dependent on the contact surface area of the measuring diaphragm on the mating body.
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
9.
Sealing ring and pressure measuring transducer having at least one such sealing ring
A ring arrangement with a synthetic material sealing ring between an outer radial guiding ring and an inner radial guiding ring, wherein the outer guiding ring has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the inner guiding ring, so that an effective volume expansion coefficient of an annular gap between the guiding rings is greater than the volume expansion coefficient of the synthetic material of the synthetic material sealing ring. Through a large effective coefficient of thermal expansion for the annular gap volume, as achieved via different coefficients of expansion of the outer and inner guiding rings, fluctuation of the axial clamping forces of the synthetic material sealing ring can be limited.
G01L 7/00 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements
F16J 15/12 - Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
A pressure transducer comprising a resistive pressure sensor element with a measurement membrane which has at least four resistor elements. The resistor elements are arranged in a full-bridge circuit, having a longitudinal direction in which the full bridge circuit is to be supplied with a constant current. When being supplied with the constant current, a longitudinal voltage has a first pressure dependency and a first temperature dependency, and a diagonal voltage has a second pressure dependency and a second temperature dependency, the second pressure dependency being greater than the first pressure dependency at a given temperature. The pressure transducer has a processing circuit which is designed to determine a measured pressure value at least using the diagonal voltage and optionally the longitudinal voltage. The processing circuit is further designed to check whether a value pair of a longitudinal voltage and a diagonal voltage corresponds to an expected functional relationship at a current temperature.
G01L 19/04 - Means for compensating for effects of changes of temperature
G01L 27/00 - Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring fluid pressure
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
11.
Differential-pressure measuring assembly having effective-pressure lines and method for detecting plugged effective-pressure lines
A differential-pressure measuring assembly comprising a differential-pressure measuring transducer for detecting the difference between the first media pressure and a second media pressure and for providing a differential-pressure measurement signal that depends on the difference between the first media pressure and the second media pressure; a first effective-pressure line, which is connected to a first pressure inlet of the differential-pressure measuring transducer in order to apply the first media pressure to the differential-pressure measuring transducer; a second effective-pressure line, which is connected to a second pressure inlet of the differential-pressure measuring transducer in order to apply the second media pressure to the differential-pressure measuring transducer; at least one temperature sensor for outputting a temperature signal that correlates with a temperature of the effective-pressure lines; and a processing unit for processing the differential-pressure measurement signal and the temperature signal; wherein the processing unit is designed to detect a significant correlation between a change in the temperature signal and the differential-pressure signal on the basis of the differential-pressure measurement signal and the temperature signal, and to assess the detection of a significant correlation as an indication of a plugged effective-pressure line.
G01L 27/00 - Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring fluid pressure
G01F 1/36 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
12.
Method for optimizing the impedance of a connecting element
A method for optimizing impedance of a connecting element between a first component and a second component of a high-frequency apparatus. The first component and the second component have at least two level states, wherein the connecting element has an input impedance and an output impedance. The first component has respective impedances in each of the at least two level states, wherein the second component has respective impedances in each of the at least two level states. The method comprising the steps as follows: determining a respective magnitude of a difference of the first component between the complex conjugated input impedance and a respective impedance of the first component, determining a respective magnitude of a difference of the second component between the complex conjugated output impedance and a respective impedance of the second component, and simultaneously minimizing the respective magnitudes of the first component and second component relative to the in- and output impedances of the connecting element.
A radar measurement apparatus works according to the FMCW principle and includes a radar transmission unit, and a radar receiving unit, which is designed to receive a radar received signal reflected on a surface of the medium or other target in a pipe or tube, to convert the received signal into an intermediate frequency signal by mixing with the transmission signal, or a signal derived therefrom, and based on an intermediate signal to determine distance to the surface of the medium or other target. The radar receiving unit applies a phase correction to the intermediate signal produces a phase corrected, intermediate frequency signal, wherein the phase correction lessens or removes a dispersion dependent phase fraction in the phase of the intermediate signal and adds a non-dispersion effects dependent phase fraction. The radar receiving unit is designed based on the phase corrected intermediate signal to determine the target frequency components in the intermediate frequency signal and based on the target frequency components to determine distance to the surface of the medium or other radar.
G01S 13/34 - Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
G01S 13/88 - Radar or analogous systems, specially adapted for specific applications
A method for determining and or monitoring at least one process- and/or system specific parameter in automation technology. An oscillatable system is provided, which interacts with a medium located in a container, wherein the oscillatable system is excited to oscillate via a real input signal, wherein the real output signal of the oscillatable system is ascertained, wherein the real output signal is digitized and a real output sequence yu(k) is produced. The real input signal is digitized and a digital input sequence (u(k)) is produced, wherein the digital input sequence (u(k)) is fed to a function block (model), which provides at least one mathematical model of the oscillatable system in interaction with the medium. The mathematical model is defined by a number of process- and/or system specific parameters, wherein via the mathematical model a virtual output sequence (ym(k)) is produced, wherein the virtual output sequence ym(k) is compared with the real output sequence yu(k). In the case of a deviation, at least one process- and/or system specific parameter of the mathematical model is adaptively changed, until the deviation between the virtual output signal and the real output signal of the oscillatable unit lies within a predetermined tolerance range and wherein at least one of the process- and/or system specific parameters is provided.
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
The invention relates to a system for calibrating a distance measuring device, comprising: a measuring track, on which the distance measuring device is mountable; an areal reflector mountable shiftably on the measuring track for reflecting a measurement signal transmitted from the distance measuring device back to the distance measuring device, so that by means of the distance measuring device a distance measurement for determining a distance (D) between the distance measuring device and the reflector is performable; and a laser distance measuring device mountable on the measuring track for registering tilt of the reflector; wherein means for orienting the distance measuring device are provided, so that measurement signals of the distance measuring device reflected back to the distance measuring device by means of the reflector are received with maximum intensity by the distance measuring device.
A housing for a field device of automation technology with a screwed connection, which connects a first housing part with an external thread with a second housing part with an internal thread. The screwed connection provides a transition impedance lessened for EMC disturbance signals. The reduction of the transition impedance is achieved by including in the screw thread a screw thread segment, in which a second screw thread type is designed in contrast to a first screw thread type located outside of the screw thread segment to provide a lessened transition impedance. Besides the basic provision that the screw thread is electrically conductive at least in corresponding portions, the second screw thread type can be differently embodied, in order to achieve the lessened transition impedance. This can occur, on the one hand, by providing the second screw thread type as round threads. However, other forms of embodiment of the screw thread segment are possible.
A circuit arrangement for the protection of at least one component of a two wire electrical current loop, which is connected in series with a burden to an AC/DC electrical current source. The two wire electrical current loop has a rectifier a clock signal producer and a switch. The rectifier forms a DC circuit, wherein the component is connected in the DC circuit and wherein the clock signal producer outputs a clock signal to the switch for clocking the DC circuit. The circuit arrangement has a diode, wherein the conduction direction of the diode points from the anode of the diode to the cathode of the diode. The cathode of the diode is connected to the DC circuit, and the anode of the diode is supplied with a periodic or constant voltage from a first voltage source, and the voltage is at least periodically greater than a predetermined threshold value.
H03K 17/687 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
H03K 17/082 - Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
H03K 17/74 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of diodes
18.
Signal generator for a measuring apparatus and measuring apparatus for automation technology
A signal generator for producing periodic signals for a measuring apparatus of automation technology. The signals have sequential, discrete signal frequencies, which lie within a predetermined frequency range. A control- and/or computing unit, a clock signal producer are provided, wherein the clock signal producer provides a constant sampling frequency, which is greater than the maximum discrete signal frequency in the predetermined frequency range. A memory unit is provided, in which for each of the discrete signal frequencies the amplitude values of the corresponding periodic signals are stored or storable as a function of the sampling frequency. The control- and/or computing unit reads out the stored or storable amplitude values of the discrete frequencies successively with the sampling frequency of the clock from the memory unit and produces the periodic signals, or forwards for producing. A static filter unit, is also provided with a limit frequency, which lies above the maximum signal frequency and which removes frequency fractions caused by the sampling.
G06F 1/08 - Clock generators with changeable or programmable clock frequency
G01F 23/26 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
G06F 1/03 - Digital function generators working, at least partly, by table look-up
19.
Method for calibration or adjustment of any oscillatable unit
A method for calibration or adjustment of any oscillatable unit with a mathematical model describing the oscillatable unit, wherein the oscillatable unit interacts with a medium located in a container, comprising the steps as follows: exciting the oscillatable unit via a real input signal to execute oscillations; the real output signal of the oscillatable unit is ascertained; the real output signal is digitized and a real output sequence is produced; the real input signal is digitized and a digital input sequence is produced; the digital input sequence is fed to a function block, which provides the mathematical model of the oscillatable unit in interaction with the medium. The mathematical model is defined by at least two sensor-specific variables; a virtual output sequence is produced via the mathematical model. The virtual output sequence is compared with the real output sequence; in the case of a deviation, the sensor-specific variables of the mathematical model are adaptively changed, until the deviation between the virtual output sequence and the real output sequence of the oscillatable unit lies within a predetermined tolerance range.
G01C 19/00 - GyroscopesTurn-sensitive devices using vibrating massesTurn-sensitive devices without moving massesMeasuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
G01C 25/00 - Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices referred to in the other groups of this subclass
G01D 18/00 - Testing or calibrating apparatus or arrangements provided for in groups
G01F 25/00 - Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)
G01H 3/00 - Measuring vibrations by using a detector in a fluid
G01N 11/16 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
G01N 9/00 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
G01N 11/00 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties
A method for parametering a field device of automation technology by means of a service device. The field device includes at least a battery, a radio module and a non-volatile memory. The battery supplies the radio module and the non-volatile memory, in which parameters of the field device are stored, with energy. The method comprises the steps of: establishing a wireless connection between the servicing device and the battery operated radio module of the field device, wherein the field device is operated offline; reading and/or writing parameters of the field device stored in the non-volatile memory; terminating the wireless connection between the servicing device and the battery operated radio module of the field device; connecting the field device to a two-wire line for energy supply of the field device; and parametering the field device after connecting to the two-wire line, wherein, for parametering, at least parameters stored in the non-volatile memory are accessed.
A ceramic pressure sensor is described which is produced using an alternative production method and has a ceramic base body, a ceramic measuring membrane which is disposed on the base body and is to be charged with a pressure to be measured, and a pressure measuring chamber enclosed in the base body below the measuring membrane. A method to produce the pressure sensor by means of which, in particular, more complex shapes of the measuring membrane and/or the base body are producible with minimal pores wherein the base body and/or the measuring membrane have layers applied on each other in a 3-D printing method and produced by the selective laser melting of nanopowder layers.
G01L 9/04 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers of resistance strain gauges
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
B28B 1/00 - Producing shaped articles from the material
B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
B22F 3/105 - Sintering only by using electric current, laser radiation or plasma
B22F 7/06 - Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
A synchronous rectifier, which rectifies an alternating voltage signal as an input signal and/or forwards a dc voltage signal as an input signal for use as an output signal. Included is a rectifying unit composed of at least one controllable switch element; a smoothing unit, which is connected to the rectifying unit and smooths the signal rectified or forwarded by the rectifying unit, in order to provide a smoothed signal for use as output signal; a control logic, which controls the rectifying unit based on the input signal and the output signal coming from the smoothing unit.
H02M 7/217 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 7/219 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
H02M 1/10 - Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from AC or DC
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
A method for manufacture of at least one component of a field device for determining or monitoring a process variable, wherein the field device is applied in automation technology and is manufactured from at least one material. The method comprises method steps as follows: specifying at least one structure related and/or material related boundary condition of the component and/or a boundary condition relevant for the functionality of the component and/or at least one external boundary condition, which takes into consideration the influence of environmental conditions on the component at the location of use; optimizing the structure of the component via a finite element model taking into consideration the at least one structure related and/or material related boundary condition and/or the at least one boundary condition relevant for the functionality of the component and/or the at least one environmental condition, wherein the optimized structure of the component is described by digital data; transferring the digital data, which describe the optimized structure of the component, to a 3-D printer; and printing the component in accordance with the digital data.
B33Y 50/00 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
B29C 64/106 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B29C 64/112 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B29C 67/00 - Shaping techniques not covered by groups , or
B22F 7/06 - Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
24.
Sintered body comprising a plurality of materials and pressure measuring instrument comprising such a sintered body
2, a transition region between the first region and the second region in which the effective coefficient of thermal expansion changes from the first effective coefficient of thermal expansion to the second effective coefficient of thermal expansion. The transition region has a sequence of layers with a mixture of at least the first material and the second material, with the mixing ratio of the layers varying in order to achieve a stepwise, in particular monotonic, change in the coefficient of thermal expansion.
G01L 19/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
G01L 19/04 - Means for compensating for effects of changes of temperature
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 5/16 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, chopped fibres, powder
B32B 7/02 - Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
A pressure difference sensor includes a pressure difference measuring cell, which has a measuring cell platform with pressure contactable measuring chambers in its interior, a first mounting surface and a second mounting surface. The mounting surfaces have a variable separation under pressure loading of the measuring chambers. A first reinforcement element with a first planar reinforcement area and a second reinforcement element with a second planar reinforcement area. A deflection of the mounting surfaces due to a pressure loading of the measuring chambers is lessened by the reinforcement elements, wherein especially at least 50% of an effective stiffness K=1/(dx/dp) of the reinforcement elements connected by the pressure difference measuring cell is provided only by these connections of the reinforcement element with the measuring cell platform without additional connections between the reinforcement elements in a parallel branch, wherein x is the separation between the first mounting surface and the second mounting surface having the greatest pressure dependence dx/dp.
G01L 19/06 - Means for preventing overload or deleterious influence of the measured medium on the measuring device or vice versa
G01L 13/02 - Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values using elastically-deformable members or pistons as sensing elements
26.
Field device for a safety-critical application with redundant measuring channels in an FPGA
A field device to determine or monitor a process variable in automation technology The field device meets a safety standard that is required in a given safety-critical application, with a sensor working according to a defined measuring principle, and a control/evaluation unit that processes and evaluates the measuring data delivered by the sensor in uninterrupted sensor measuring mode along at least three redundantly and/or diversely designed measuring channels. The control/evaluation unit has at least two redundant reconfiguration controls assigned to it, and with one of the two redundant reconfiguration controls dynamically or partially dynamically reconfiguring the faulty measuring channel in case of a malfunction in one of the measuring channels.
G05B 19/042 - Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
G05B 9/03 - Safety arrangements electric with multiple-channel loop, i.e. redundant control systems
G05B 19/05 - Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
H03K 19/177 - Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one outputInverting circuits using specified components using elementary logic circuits as components arranged in matrix form
Method for soldering a connection element to a connection point on an electrically conductive coating that is suitable for soft-soldering on an insulating surface of a base body using a soft-soldering method; as well as sensors manufactured using this method for which a spatial limitation of the wetting of the coating with soft-solder material, during the process of soft-soldering, is effected by providing a groove in the base body which at least partly surrounds the connection point on the outside. At least a part of the area of the external insulating surface of the base body including the connection point is coated with the coating, and soft-solder material is locally applied to the connection point and the connection element is soldered onto the connection point using the applied soft-solder material in a soft-soldering process.
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
H05K 1/11 - Printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
H05K 3/34 - Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
G01L 19/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
A hydraulic measuring mechanism for registering pressure differences, comprising a measuring mechanism platform having a process connection surface and two pressure input openings, in which, in each case, a pressure tube is arranged, which protrudes from a rear side of the measuring mechanism platform to support a pressure difference measuring cell, wherein the pressure tubes are connected pressure-tightly with the measuring mechanism platform from the process connection surface.
G01L 13/00 - Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values
G01L 13/06 - Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values using electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements
G01L 19/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
G01L 9/12 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in capacitance
G01L 13/02 - Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values using elastically-deformable members or pistons as sensing elements
29.
Radar-based fill-level measuring device having a synthesizer circuit
A radar-based fill-level measuring device comprising at least one synthesizer circuit having a plurality of circuit components for producing phase controlled microwave signals for a travel-time measurement and at least three electrical potentials for supplying the synthesizer circuit, wherein the synthesizer circuit has at least three circuit groups. Each circuit component is associated with at least one circuit group, wherein each of the at least three circuit groups is fed by means of at least one potential difference between two of the at least three different potentials.
The invention relates to an apparatus for determining or monitoring a physical or chemical, process variable, comprising a sensor element (2) having at least one temperature sensitive, sensor region and/or an electronics unit (3) having at least one component (4), whose specification requires use within a predetermined temperature range, wherein a connecting component (5) is provided between the temperature sensitive, sensor region and the remaining regions of the sensor element (2) and/or between the sensor element (2) and the electronics unit (3), wherein the connecting component (5) is composed at least partially of a metal- or ceramic foam (6) having a predetermined porosity.
An apparatus for determining or monitoring a process variable of a medium in a pipeline, which has a predetermined inner cross section, comprising a sensor and a T-shaped adapter. The adapter has a first portion and a second portion arranged essentially perpendicular to the first portion. The first portion has essentially the same inner cross section as the pipeline and the sensor is so arranged in the second portion that the end face of the sensor facing the medium is flush with the inner surface of the first portion of the adapter.
G01F 1/66 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
G01D 11/30 - Supports specially adapted for an instrumentSupports specially adapted for a set of instruments
G01F 15/18 - Supports or connecting means for meters
32.
Antenna apparatus for transmitting data of a fill-level measuring device
i). The coil arrangements (i=1, 2 . . . n) each intersect a straight line (e) in such a way that the straight line (e) and the longitudinal axis of the coil arrangements (i=1, 2 . . . n) form at the intersection an acute or 90° angle of intersection (g) of at least 85°, wherein the intersection of each coil arrangement (i=1, 2 . . . n) is arranged at a position between
i).
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H01Q 7/06 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop with core of ferromagnetic material
H01Q 1/22 - SupportsMounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
A pressure measuring cell includes an elastic measuring membrane which is contactable with a first pressure on a first side and with a second pressure on a second side facing away from the first side. The measuring membrane is deflectable as a function of a difference between the first pressure and the second pressure, wherein the measuring membrane pressure-tightly isolates a first volume, which is facing the first side of the measuring membrane, from a second volume, which is facing the second side of the measuring membrane. The pressure measuring cell further includes a transducer for transducing the pressure dependent deflection of the measuring membrane into an electrical or optical signal. The measuring membrane has in the equilibrium state of the measuring membrane compressive stresses at least at the surface of the measuring membrane at least in a radial edge region, in which in the deflected state of the measuring membrane under pressure loading tensile stress maxima occur.
G01L 19/06 - Means for preventing overload or deleterious influence of the measured medium on the measuring device or vice versa
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
A pressure sensor, comprising: a substrate having a measuring membrane, and an electrically conductive cover layer, which has electrical contact elements and is electrically isolated from the substrate by an insulating layer. The cover layer is divided in such a manner that two independent measurements of the respective resistance between two contact elements are possible in two regions electrically isolated from one another. The regions of the cover layer serve to shield external electromagnetic influences from the sensor elements of the measuring membrane, to detect damage to the measuring membrane, as well as for determining exact temperature.
G01L 19/04 - Means for compensating for effects of changes of temperature
G01L 9/06 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers of piezo-resistive devices
G01L 9/08 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of piezoelectric devices
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
A measuring device of process automation technology for measuring at least one process variable of a medium. A control unit is provided, which measures the process variable at least with a predeterminable clock rate and provides the result of such measurement as a measured value. Associated with the clock rate is an energy requirement of the measuring device, wherein a display/service unit is provided, which shows the measured value and/or enables servicing of, respectively parameter input to, the measuring device. The display/service unit of the control unit of the measuring device switches from a measuring mode into a service mode, wherein in the service mode the control unit measures the process variable with a first clock rate, wherein in the measuring mode the control unit measures with a second clock rate, and wherein the first clock rate and the second clock rate are fixed in such a manner that the second clock rate is greater than the first clock rate and the total energy requirements of the measuring device in the service mode and in the measuring mode are equal.
G05B 19/401 - Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for measuring, e.g. calibration and initialisation, measuring workpiece for machining purposes
G05B 21/02 - Systems involving sampling of the variable controlled electric
G01M 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
36.
Efficient dispersion correction for FMCW-radar in a pipe
A method for determining a distance to a surface of a medium or to another radar target in a pipe by means of a radar measurement apparatus. Transmitting within the pipe a radar transmission signal frequency modulated according to the FMCW principle, receiving a radar received signal reflected on the surface of the medium or on the other radar target in the pipe back to the radar measurement apparatus, mixing the radar received signal with the radar transmission signal or a signal derived therefrom and producing an intermediate signal. Determining a frequency spectrum of the intermediate signal or a signal derived therefrom by means of fast Fourier transformation and detecting the position of the frequency peak in the frequency spectrum. Determining a dispersion correction for removing, respectively lessening, dispersion effects, applying the dispersion correction to the intermediate frequency signal or to a signal derived therefrom and producing a dispersion corrected signal, and determining the position of the frequency peak in the frequency spectrum of the dispersion corrected signal anew by introducing a number of frequency support points in the region of the previously detected frequency peak, determining the respective frequency amplitudes selectively at the newly introduced frequency support points, and ascertaining the position of the frequency peak in the frequency spectrum of the dispersion corrected signal using the frequency amplitudes at the newly introduced frequency support points.
G01S 7/02 - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
G01S 13/34 - Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
A method for determining and/or monitoring fill level of a medium in a container with a measuring device, which works according to the travel time measuring method, wherein measurement signals are transmitted toward the medium and are received, wherein from the high-frequency total measurement signal, composed by superimposing the transmitted measurement signals, the reflected wanted echo signals and the disturbance echo signals, a raw echo curve or digitized envelope curve is ascertained. The wanted echo signals and/or the disturbance echo signals in the raw echo curve or the digitized envelope curve are ascertained based on an ideal echo curve, which shows the amplitude of the echo signals of an ideal reflector as a function of the distance from the ideal reflector, and based on the ascertained wanted echo signal the fill level is determined.
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
G01F 23/28 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
A fill-level measuring device for determining the fill level of a process medium in a container by means of a travel-time method. The fill-level measuring device is distinguished by features including that the fill-level measuring device has structure for determining the dielectric constant of a second medium, which is located between the measuring device and the process medium. The structure for determining the dielectric constant comprises at least one waveguide for a high-frequency measuring signal, wherein such waveguide is filled at least sectionally with a dielectric and embodied and arrangeable in such a manner that the dielectric forms with the second medium an interface, at which a significant fraction of the measuring signal supplied to the second medium via the waveguide is reflected. Furthermore, an apparatus for determining the dielectric constant and a system of such an apparatus and a fill-level measuring device are proposed.
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
Method for joining ceramic bodies by means of an active hard solder, or braze, assembly having at least two ceramic bodies joined with one another, especially a pressure measuring cell
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
B23K 1/00 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
B23K 1/19 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
C04B 37/00 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
40.
Circuit board equipped with a high-frequency component emitting interference waves
A circuit board comprising a circuit board ply, on which are provided a high-frequency component emitting electromagnetic interference waves during operation and at least one other component, especially another high-frequency component, wherein during operation an as low as possible degrading of the other component by interference waves is achieved. There is provided between the high-frequency component and the other component at least one dielectric barrier, which blocks propagation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves between the high-frequency component and the other component.
x) achieved in the field device in a parameter change history, monitoring the field device for an occurring malfunction (F); and, performing a remediation measure, wherein the parameter change history and/or a parameter to malfunction, linking element is accessed for remediating the malfunction occurring in the field device.
G06F 11/07 - Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
G05B 19/042 - Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
G05B 19/418 - Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium in a container, comprising: a mechanically oscillatable unit; an electrodynamic transducer unit for exciting the oscillatable unit by means of an exciter signal to execute mechanical oscillations and for receiving the mechanical oscillations of the oscillatable unit and transducing them into an electrical, received signal; and an electronics unit, which at least determines and/or monitors the process variable based on the received signal. The invention is distinguished by features including that the electrodynamic transducer unit has exactly one coil, which serves both as a drive element as well as also a receiving element.
Apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one limit value of a process variable of a medium in a container, comprising at least one sensor unit for registering a measured value dependent on the process variable and at least one electronics unit for producing a measurement signal dependent on the process variable. The invention is distinguished by features including that the apparatus is embodied to draw energy via a voltage output and a digital input of a recorder apparatus or a process control system.
G01N 11/00 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties
G01N 27/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium in a container or pipeline, including a resonator, which is in contact with an interior of the container or the pipeline, an active element for producing a high-frequency signal in the resonator and an electronics unit, which is embodied to receive from a unit formed of the resonator and the active element an electrical output signal. The electrical output signal is evaluated with reference to frequency.
G01N 9/24 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material
G01F 23/26 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
A fill-level measuring device having an oscillatory system, which has at least one external, tubular, oscillatory element and an inner oscillatory element. The outer oscillatory element at least sectionally coaxially surrounds the inner oscillatory element. In an inner space of the inner oscillatory element, a compensation apparatus shiftable in the axial direction and having at least a first locking element, a second locking element and a coupling element is arranged. The locking elements and the coupling element are composed of piezoelectric material, wherein the coupling element, the first locking element and the second locking element are connected with one another, and wherein the first locking element and the second locking element in a resting state are each connected by force interlocking, e.g. friction interlocking, with a wall of the inner space, and the fill-level measuring device has an electronics unit, which is embodied to position the compensation apparatus at a predeterminable position by means of electrical signals.
Multifunctional I/O apparatus having one connection terminal with two connections and an electronic circuit, which with the assistance of a plurality of settable operating states detects an active input signal or passive input signal applied on the two connections of the connection terminal or controls/switches an externally driven load.
G06F 3/00 - Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computerOutput arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
A scintillation detector, especially one for a radiometric measuring device for measuring and/or monitoring a measured variable, especially a fill level of a fill substance located in a container, for covering a predeterminable measuring range as flexibly as possible in shape and length. To this end, the scintillation detector comprises two or more scintillators arranged in series relative to one another for converting thereon falling, radioactive radiation into light flashes, whose light propagates in the respective scintillator toward its ends. Arranged between the scintillators are optical coupling elements, which establish light transmitting connections between adjoining pairs of scintillators. Connected at an end of the series is a photoelectric transducer, which converts light occurring in the series into an electrical signal corresponding to a radiation intensity striking the scintillators. According to the invention, at least one of the coupling elements is a mechanically flexible element, which includes a bundle of light conducting fibers, via which transmission of the light between the two scintillators connected with one another via the fibers occurs.
G01N 9/24 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material
48.
Apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable
Apparatus (1) for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable, comprising: a primary side (I) and a secondary side (II), which are galvanically isolated from one another, wherein the secondary side (II) has a sensor element sensitive for the process variable (2) and an electronics unit (9) of the secondary side and provides a measurement signal representing the process variable, and wherein the primary side (I) has an electronics unit (8) of the primary side for evaluating the measurement signal and for producing an output signal. The apparatus (1) is distinguished by features including that the electronics unit (9) of the secondary side has a modulation unit (14), which produces a modulated measurement signal by at least at times modulating at least one other piece of information onto the measurement signal representing the process variable, and that the electronics unit (9) of the secondary side transmits the modulated measurement signal via a galvanically isolated interface to the primary side (I).
G01N 29/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object Details
G01F 25/00 - Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
G01N 9/00 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
G01N 11/10 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
j and forwards such to the output registers of the digital signal processor. The digital signal processor has a clock frequency, wherein, furthermore, the signals of the output registers can be output, respectively read-out, with an output frequency. One or more of the frequencies is, respectively, variable, wherein especially one or more of the frequencies, respectively, variable independently of the others of the frequencies.
G06F 3/05 - Digital input using the sampling of an analogue quantity at regular intervals of time
G01F 1/34 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
G01F 23/14 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measurement of pressure
50.
System of servicing device and field device and method for communication with a field device
A system composed of a servicing device and a field device having at least one sensor unit for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable. At least one electronics unit, which has an evaluation unit, wherein the evaluation unit receives measurement signals from the sensor unit and evaluates such with reference to the process variable, and at least one switch element actuatable contactlessly from outside of the field device. The servicing device is embodied to modulate the switch state of the switch element for transmission of field device specific data to the electronics unit. Furthermore, a field device, a servicing device and a method for communication between field device and servicing device are claimed.
G01D 21/00 - Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
G01N 9/34 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by using flow properties of fluids, e.g. flow through tubes or apertures by using elements moving through the fluid, e.g. vane
51.
Method for determining and/or monitoring viscosity and corresponding apparatus
A method for determining and/or monitoring the viscosity of a medium, wherein a mechanically oscillatable unit is excited to execute oscillations based on an exciter signal, and wherein oscillations are received from the mechanically oscillatable unit and transduced into a received signal. The eigenfrequency and/or resonance frequency of the mechanically oscillatable unit and/or phase relationship between the exciter signal and the received signal are/is ascertained and/or monitored, and from changes in the eigenfrequency and/or resonance frequency and/or phase relationship, a change in viscosity is deduced and/or, based on dependencies of the oscillations on the viscosity of the medium, from the eigenfrequency and/or resonance frequency and/or phase relationship, viscosity is ascertained. In a second variant of the method, decay behavior of the mechanically oscillatable unit is evaluated. An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring viscosity is also presented.
G01N 11/16 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
A synchronous data transmission system for transmission of data between two communication partners, of which one serves as a transmitter and one as a receiver, comprising a clock signal producer which produces a transmission clock signal with a transmission clock signal rate from the transmitter to the receiver, which during the occurrence of one of the events equals an event specific transmission clock signal rate associated with the arising event and during an event free period of time equals a fundamental clock rate different of all event specific transmission clock signal rates.
Method for operating a field device of process automation technology, wherein the field device includes a main circuit, which serves in a first operating mode for evaluation and for output of process data, which preferably come from a measuring transducer, wherein the field device includes a first interface, which serves in the first operating mode to supply the field device, especially the main circuit, with electrical energy, wherein the field device includes a second, preferably wireless, interface, which serves for transmission of data and/or electrical energy to the field device, wherein the field device, preferably the main circuit, is supplied in a second operating mode with electrical energy, preferably exclusively with electrical energy, obtained via the second interface.
G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
H04B 5/00 - Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
G06K 19/07 - Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards with integrated circuit chips
54.
Apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable
An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium, comprising: an oscillatable unit, which has a membrane and at least one oscillatable element, wherein the oscillatable element is secured to the membrane at least in a first securement region and in a second securement region. At least one driving/receiving unit, which excites the oscillatable unit to execute mechanical oscillations and which produces a received signal dependent on the oscillations of the oscillatable unit; and a control/evaluation unit, which evaluates the received signal with reference to the process variable. The apparatus is distinguished by features including that the driving/receiving unit is embodied in such a manner and arranged on a rear face of the membrane facing away from the oscillatable element that the oscillatable element executes torsional oscillations.
H01L 41/09 - Piezo-electric or electrostrictive elements with electrical input and mechanical output
H01L 41/113 - Piezo-electric or electrostrictive elements with mechanical input and electrical output
H01L 41/053 - Mounts, supports, enclosures or casings
H03B 5/30 - Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator
G01N 9/00 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
G01N 11/16 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
A method for wireless data transmission between first and second transmission participants, wherein for wireless data transmission between the first and second participants alternately a first protocol and a second protocol are used, wherein the first protocol serves for unidirectional data transmission and the second protocol for bidirectional data transmission.
A galvanically isolated, directional coupler, especially for in- and out-coupling of high-frequency measurement signals of a radar fill-level measuring device, wherein two mutually engaging, oppositely bent, conductive traces are provided, wherein the two oppositely bent, conductive traces are so arranged that that they couple with one another over a region of a quarter wavelength (λ/4) of the wavelength associated with the center frequency of the measuring signals and form two groups of laterally coupled, conductive traces, and wherein curved conductive trace portions adjoin each of the two groups of laterally coupled, conductive traces, in each case, over a region, which is less than an eighth wavelength (λ/8) of the wavelength associated with the center frequency.
H01P 5/18 - Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
57.
Apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable
An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium, comprising at least one sensor element sensitive for the process variable, a process connection for securing the apparatus to a container or pipeline and a housing connected with the process connection. The apparatus has at least one, first component of metal and at least one, second component of synthetic material, wherein the first component and the second component are embodied as hollow bodies. An annular, first connection region is formed on the first component, wherein on the second component an annular second connection region is formed, whose outer diameter corresponds at least sectionally to the inner diameter of the first connection region. The second connection region is introduced into the first connection region, and a securement structure is present, which is dimensioned and positioned in such a manner that the securement structure presses the second connection region at least sectionally against the first connection region.
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
outB) at the output of the mixer with the first memory element and applies the output signal on the differential output of the mixer for charging the first memory element. During the discharging, respectively reverse charging, phase connects the first memory element with the signal path referenced to the reference potential (GND), so that charge stored in the first memory element is discharged via the signal path referenced to the reference potential (GND).
G01S 13/10 - Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves
G01S 13/88 - Radar or analogous systems, specially adapted for specific applications
H03D 7/00 - Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
G01S 7/00 - Details of systems according to groups , ,
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
G01S 13/00 - Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systemsAnalogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
A vibronic measuring device for determining at least one process variable of a medium. Included are: an oscillatable unit; a transmitting/receiving unit, which, by means of a transmission signal, excites the oscillatable unit to execute mechanical oscillations and receives the mechanical oscillations and converts such into an analog, electrical, received signal; and a control/evaluation unit (MC), which receives the analog, received signal, digitizes such and determines the process variable therefrom and which produces the transmission signal. Between the transmitting/receiving unit and the control/evaluation unit, a controllable amplifier is arranged, which receives the received signal and produces an adapted, received signal, and that the control/evaluation unit determines an amplitude of the received signal and, as a function of the determined amplitude, controls the amplifier in such a manner that the amplitude of the adapted, received signal is adapted to a digitizable voltage range predetermined by the control/evaluation unit.
G01N 9/00 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
G01N 11/16 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
2 in the volume portions. The pressure measurement variable p follows from both capacitances, wherein, for an intact pressure sensor, the second capacitance is a predetermined function of the first capacitance and, in given cases, the temperature. The method has steps as follows: registering value pairs of both capacitances; testing whether the value pairs correspond within a tolerance range to the predetermined function; and determining a change, respectively damage, of the sensor, when this is too long not the case.
G01R 35/00 - Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
G01L 27/00 - Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring fluid pressure
61.
Apparatus and system for determining, optimizing or monitoring at least one process variable
An apparatus for determining or monitoring at least one process variable, comprising: a sensor element and a measuring electronics, which form a measuring unit; and at least one control/evaluating/calculating unit arranged removed from the measuring unit; and/or an in/output unit arranged removed from the measuring unit and the control/evaluating/calculating unit. The control/evaluating/calculating unit and the in/output unit are connected with the measuring unit via a first interface and a second interface. The measuring electronics operates the sensor element and forwards the measurement signals via the interfaces to the control/evaluating/calculating unit as unprocessed, raw, measured values. The control/evaluating/calculating unit arranged removed from the measuring unit determines, improves and/or monitors the process variable based on the raw, measured values and makes such available via the in/output unit.
G01N 21/35 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
G01N 21/3504 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
G01N 21/39 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
G01N 21/84 - Systems specially adapted for particular applications
62.
Method and apparatus for communication by means of a transformer
A method for communication by means of a transformer, which has at least a primary coil and a secondary coil, which are parts of an oscillatory circuit, wherein the oscillatory circuit is supplied on the primary side with an exciter frequency. For transmission of a signal from the secondary side to the primary side, the inductance of the secondary coil is modulated. A corresponding apparatus for performing the method is likewise provided.
A connector apparatus having a PG screw thread in a first end section and a first traversing bore, in which a first axial clamping surface is embodied. A grounding assembly has an electrically conducting, iris spring, is arranged in the first traversing bore and lies against the first axial clamping surface. An annular clamping body having a second traversing bore, a second frontside annular clamping surface, which surrounds the second traversing bore and which is arranged in the first bore facing the grounding assembly, wherein the grounding assembly is clampable between the clamping surfaces, whereby the iris spring is radially deflectable, wherein the clamping body has an external thread for engagement in an internal thread of the base body, and wherein the connector apparatus has with reference to the first end section of the base body, behind the grounding assembly a conduit screw thread for the connection of a conduit.
H02G 3/06 - Joints for connecting lengths of protective tubing to each other or to casings, e.g. to distribution boxEnsuring electrical continuity in the joint
64.
Calibration- and/or monitoring method for FMCW radar fill level measuring devices
A method is based on measuring a distance to a reference reflector arranged at a known distance, in order to calibrate and/or monitor a coherent frequency modulation, continuous wave radar, fill-level measuring device, wherein the reference reflector can be reliably identified. To this end, a reference reflector executing oscillations toward the fill-level measuring device with an oscillation frequency is used, which is inserted in the beam path of periodically linearly frequency modulated transmission signals transmitted from the fill-level measuring device. The fill-level measuring device receives fractions of the transmission signals reflected back on reflectors in the container and records based on these received signals and their time correlation relative to the respectively associated transmission signal for each received signal an echo function, which shows the amplitudes of the received signal as a function of the associated position of the associated reflector. Based on the time change of a plurality of sequentially recorded echo functions and the oscillation frequency of the reference reflector, the position of the reference reflector in the echo functions is identified and its reference reflector position determined.
A pressure difference sensor includes a capsule, which has a ceramic capsule body. The capsule has a transducer seat in its interior, wherein there is arranged in the transducer seat a semiconductor pressure measuring transducer core, which has a measuring membrane body and at least one support body. The measuring membrane body is connected pressure-tightly with the at least one support body, which has a pressure inlet opening. Ducts extend respectively from an outer surface of the capsule into the transducer seat, wherein the pressure inlet opening communicates with the first duct A side of the measuring membrane is contactable with a pressure through the pressure inlet opening, wherein the support body contacts a joint, which surrounds the first pressure inlet opening and the opening of the first duct into the transducer seat and is connected pressure-tightly with a wall of the transducer seat, and wherein a second side of the measuring membrane is hydraulically isolated from its first side and communicates with the second duct.
H01L 29/84 - Types of semiconductor device controllable by variation of applied mechanical force, e.g. of pressure
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
G01L 13/02 - Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values using elastically-deformable members or pistons as sensing elements
H01L 23/473 - Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing liquids
A probe unit comprising a probe housing, an at least sectionally rod-shaped, probe electrode, a supplemental electrode, which surrounds the probe electrode at least sectionally coaxially and is isolated from the probe electrode by an electrical insulation. A first securement means, by means of which the supplemental electrode is secured in the probe housing is included, and a contacting module, which is mountable on a rod-shaped section of the probe electrode arranged in the probe housing, and which has a flexible circuit board having at least one first conductive trace for electrically contacting the probe electrode and at least one second conductive trace for electrically contacting the supplemental electrode, and a second securement means for securing the contacting module on the probe electrode are provided.
G01F 23/26 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
G01F 23/24 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
A pressure measuring cell includes at least one ceramic measuring membrane body; and at least one ceramic platform, wherein the measuring membrane body is connected with the platform along an annular, peripheral joint. The joint is formed as a welded connection between the measuring membrane body and the platform, wherein the measuring membrane body has a pressure-dependently deformable measuring membrane. A pressure sensor includes a pressure measuring cell and a housing, wherein the pressure measuring cell is held by the housing, and wherein the pressure measuring cell closes a housing opening, through which the pressure measuring cell communicates with an environment of the housing. A seal is clamped between a sealing surface surrounding the opening of the housing and a sealing surface of the pressure measuring cell.
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
68.
Method and apparatus for orienting a measuring device
A measuring device featuring ascertaining and monitoring optimized orientation of the measuring device. Thus, the invention provides a measuring device for determining and/or monitoring limit level or fill level of a medium in a container, comprising at least one sensor unit and a measurement transmitter unit, wherein at least one inclination sensor is integrated in the measuring device for ascertaining orientation of the measuring device and/or the sensor unit on the container.
G01F 23/28 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
G01F 25/00 - Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
A diplexer for a homodyne FMCW-radar device, which is distinguished by small dimensions of its hollow conductor structure and therefore can be manufactured simply and cost effectively. The hollow conductor structures of the diplexer can be cut out from two half shells, and the latter joined to form the diplexer. Various materials provide options for the material of the half shells.
H01P 5/18 - Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
H01P 1/213 - Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
70.
Measuring device for measuring a precess variable in industrial measurements and control technology
A measuring device, comprising: an input circuit having a supply line and a return line. Energy supply occurs over a line-pair. Input voltage is applied to the measuring device via the line pair. A series regulator for controlling an electrical current flowing via the line-pair, a shunt regulator installed in a parallel branch, and an apparatus for controlling a voltage drop across the series regulator are provided.
G01R 27/02 - Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
G01D 5/12 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing memberMeans for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for convertingTransducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
G05B 19/042 - Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
H04Q 9/00 - Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
A method for manufacturing a pressure sensor, comprising: providing a ceramic platform, a ceramic measuring membrane, and an intermediate ring; providing an active braze material by means of gas phase deposition at least on a first surface section of a first surface and on a second surface section of a second surface. The first surface is a platform surface, which is to be connected with the intermediate ring by means of the active hard solder, or braze, or a surface of the intermediate ring, which is to be connected with the platform by means of the active hard solder, or braze. The second surface is a measuring membrane surface, which is to be connected with the intermediate ring by means of the active hard solder, or braze, or a surface of the intermediate ring, which is to be connected with the measuring membrane by means of the active hard solder, or braze. The intermediate ring is positioned between the measuring membrane and the platform; the active hard solder, or braze, is heated in a soldering, or brazing, process, wherein the intermediate ring remains essentially solid during the soldering, or brazing, process.
G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
G06K 9/00 - Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints
G01L 7/00 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
B23K 31/02 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups relating to soldering or welding
72.
System for monitoring the leak tightness of a tank
A system for monitoring the leak-tightness of a tank, which is filled with a liquid with a lower density than water. The system has a liquid drain pipe, with a container that has a bottom, which is integrated horizontally in the liquid drain pipe with a damming element, which divides the container into a partial area on the supply flow side and partial area on the drain side. A first vibronic measuring device with a first vibrating unit protruding into the supply flow side partial area of the bottom determines whether the density of the medium undershoots a specified limit. A second vibronic measuring device with a second vibrating unit, at a position not exceeding the level of the first vibrating unit, which detects whether the vibrating unit are covered with medium, and with an evaluation unit uses the measured values of measuring devices to determine whether there is liquid from the tank in the container.
G01M 3/24 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
G01M 3/00 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures
B65D 90/50 - Arrangements of indicating or measuring devices of leakage-indicating devices
G01M 3/28 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables, or tubesInvestigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipe joints or sealsInvestigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for valves
G01N 9/00 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
G01N 29/036 - Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
A time triggered crowbar, which is so embodied that it monitors the on-time of at least one downstream electronic component and the period of clocking and therewith the power supply in such a manner that a predetermined maximum allowable surface temperature of the at least one downstream component is not exceeded in the explosion endangered area.
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
An electronic device, comprising” a housing; a magnetic element guideway, the guideway enables positioning of an accommodated magnetic element in at least two magnetic element positions relative to the housing. A control and evaluation circuit in a chamber with two Hall sensors for registering at least one component of a first local magnetic and for providing, a signal, which depends on the local magnetic field registered at the first site. The two Hall sensors have relative to the housing a defined position, wherein the control circuit is suitable based on the signals to detect whether a magnetic element is present in the gateway, and in case yes, based on at least one of the two signals, to detect whether the magnetic element is located in the first defined magnetic element position or has been moved from this position.
H01H 36/00 - Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
H03K 17/97 - Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch using a magnetic movable element
G01B 7/14 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
H03K 17/95 - Proximity switches using a magnetic detector
75.
Method for ascertaining and monitoring fill level of a medium in a container by means of a fill-level measuring device using a travel time measuring method
A method for ascertaining and monitoring fill level of a medium in a container using a travel time measuring method, wherein transmission signals are transmitted toward the medium and reflection signals are received. The received reflection signals are registered as echo signals in an echo function dependent on travel time. Based on known measuring device- and container-specific reflection planes, possible reflection regions in the echo function are calculated by means of an evaluation algorithm. In the calculated reflection regions, the disturbance echo signals and/or the multiecho signals in the echo function are classified, wherein non-classified reflection signals are ascertained and checked as wanted echo signals by means of a search algorithm, wherein, from a position and/or an amplitude of at least one wanted echo signal, fill level is determined, and wherein the measured value of fill level is output.
Tube-equipped, flanged, pressure transfer means, pressure measuring arrangement with such a tube-equipped, flanged, pressure transfer means and pressure measuring point with such a pressure measuring arrangement
A tube-equipped, flanged, pressure transfer structure comprises a flange for connecting to a counterflange; a tube, which is secured to the flange; a hydraulic path, which extends from a first opening in a front end surface of the tube facing away from the flange to a second opening in the rear end surface of the flange facing away from the tube; and an isolating diaphragm, which covers the first opening and is connected pressure-tightly with the front end surface of the tube along a peripheral edge, wherein the hydraulic path is filled or fillable with a pressure transfer liquid, in order to transfer a pressure presiding at the isolating diaphragm to the second opening, wherein the tube has a front section having the end surface and a first diameter and an intermediate section with a second diameter, which is less than the first diameter, and wherein the front section is shorter than the intermediate section.
G01L 7/00 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements
F15B 3/00 - Intensifiers or fluid-pressure converters, e.g. pressure exchangersConveying pressure from one fluid system to another, without contact between the fluids
G01L 19/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
77.
Circuit for regulating and monitoring a signal current and measurement transducer with such a circuit
A circuit for regulating and monitoring a signal current, comprising a regulating circuit; and a monitoring circuit. The regulating circuit comprises: a first controlled voltage source for outputting a target value dependent controlled voltage; a current adjust circuit for adjusting the signal current in dependence on the controlled voltage and a first feedback voltage by means of a potentiometer; and a first feedback path, with at least one first resistance element across which the signal current flows. The voltage drop across the resistance element or one of the voltages of the current adjust circuit dependent thereon is supplied as a first feedback voltage. The monitoring circuit comprises: a second controlled voltage source for outputting a second target value dependent controlled voltage; an analog monitoring circuit for determining the deviation between the second controlled voltage and a second feedback voltage; and a second feedback path with a resistance element across which the signal current flows, wherein the voltage drop across the resistance element or a voltage of the monitoring circuit dependent thereon is supplied as a second feedback voltage.
G01D 3/08 - Measuring arrangements with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups of this group with provision for safeguarding the apparatus, e.g. against abnormal operation, against breakdown
G01D 5/14 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing memberMeans for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for convertingTransducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
G05F 1/56 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
G05B 1/03 - Comparing elements, i.e. elements for effecting comparison directly or indirectly between a desired value and existing or anticipated values electric for comparing digital signals
A device for determining a predetermined fill level of a liquid in a container, with a sensor unit, comprising a unit capable of oscillating mechanically, a transmitter unit, and a receiver unit, which is electrically and mechanically coupled to the transmitter unit, and which transduces the oscillation of the unit capable of oscillating into an electrical receiving signal. An electronic unit, comprising a regulating unit, which regulates a phase difference that exists between the electrical transmission signal and electrical receiving signal to a determined value at which the unit capable of oscillating conducts oscillations at a resonant frequency, and which forms an oscillation circuit with the transmitter unit, receiving unit and the unit capable of oscillating. The electronic unit comprises a compensation path with a compensation unit, which for compensating additional signal components in the receiving signal, which results from the mechanical and/or electrical coupling between transmitter unit and receiver unit, at least intermittently produces a compensation signal from the transmission signal and supplies this compensation signal to the receiving signal. The compensation unit produces the compensation signal in a way such that the compensation signal is opposite to the additional signal components in the receiving signal.
G01F 23/22 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
A composite material comprises a polymer matrix; and zeolite, which is bonded in the polymer matrix; wherein the percent of volume of the zeolite in the volume of the composite material amounts to at least 50%, in particular at least 65%. The polymer matrix can in particular comprise a polymer, which is selected from a group of polymers that consist of fluoroplastics, polyaryletherketones, sulphur-containing polymers and high heat resistant polymers. The zeolite comprises in particular a zeolite of type A, in particular a zeolite 4A or 3A.
G01L 19/06 - Means for preventing overload or deleterious influence of the measured medium on the measuring device or vice versa
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one fill level of a medium in a container comprising: a capacitive or conductive probe unit having at least one electrode; and a control/evaluation unit. The electrode is a hollow body, that an end region of the electrode protruding into the container is embodied as an oscillatable membrane. On an inner side of the membrane a driving/receiving unit is arranged, which excites the membrane to execute mechanical oscillations and receives mechanical oscillations therefrom and converts such into an electrical, received signal. The control/evaluation unit supplies the electrode at least at times with a voltage and determines the fill level of the medium capacitively or conductively, and/or that the control/evaluation unit supplies the driving/receiving unit at least at times with an exciter signal and determines from the electrical received signal the fill level of the medium.
G01F 23/26 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
G01F 23/24 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
A method for determining a value of a measured variable, which is a function of a first auxiliary measured variable and at least a second auxiliary measured variable, comprising: registering and providing a sequence of measured values of the first auxiliary measured variable over at least a first time range; providing a value of the second auxiliary measured variable, wherein the point in time of registering the provided value lies in the first time range; selecting a value of the first auxiliary measured variable from the sequence of measured values of the first auxiliary measured variable as a function of information concerning point in time of registering the provided value of the second auxiliary measured variable; and ascertaining a value of the measured variable as a function of the selected value of the first auxiliary measured variable and the value of the second auxiliary measured variable.
G01D 1/14 - Measuring arrangements giving results other than momentary value of variable, of general application giving a distribution function of a value, i.e. number of times the value comes within specified ranges of amplitude
G01F 1/34 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
G01L 15/00 - Devices or apparatus for measuring two or more fluid pressure values simultaneously
G04F 13/00 - Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by means not provided for in groups
G06F 15/00 - Digital computers in generalData processing equipment in general
82.
Fill-level measuring device for ascertaining and monitoring fill level of a medium located in the process space of a container by means of a microwave travel time measuring method
A fill-level measuring device for ascertaining and monitoring fill level of a medium located in the process space of a container by means of a microwave travel time measuring method. The device comprises a measurement transmitter and an antenna unit, which is constructed at least of a hollow conductor and a radiating element A microwave transmissive, process isolating element is inserted for process isolation into the hollow conductor between the measurement transmitter and the horn shaped radiating element contacting the process space. The process isolating element is embodied as a hollow body having at least one tubular hollow body region matched to the shape of the hollow conductor, and a pointed hollow body region neighboring the hollow body region in the direction of the radiating element and having a wall thickness selected based on reflection, or lack thereof, of the microwave signals.
G01R 27/32 - Measuring attenuation, gain, phase shift, or derived characteristics of electric four-pole networks, i.e. two-port networksMeasuring transient response in circuits having distributed constants
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
G01S 7/03 - Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
G01S 13/88 - Radar or analogous systems, specially adapted for specific applications
H01Q 1/22 - SupportsMounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
H01Q 19/08 - Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
83.
Apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a process variable of a medium
An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium in a container which comprises a mechanically oscillatable structure, which has at least one oscillation characteristic dependent on the process variable, an electromechanical transducer having at least one piezoelectric element, which excites the structure, by means of an excitation signal supplied to the transducer, to execute mechanical oscillations, and which converts the resulting oscillations of the structure into a received signal, which corresponds to a superpositioning of the excitation signal and a wanted signal representing the oscillation. A reference element in parallel with the transducer and supplied with the excitation signal, via which a reference signal independent of the oscillation and corresponding to the excitation signal is tapped, and an electronics, which, based on the received signal and the reference signal, extracts the wanted signal, and, based on the wanted signal, determines and/or monitors the process variable, wherein, for automatic measuring of temperature of the transducer, the electronics includes a temperature measuring device, which supplies the transducer and the reference element, in temperature measurement operation, with an auxiliary signal, whose frequency lies outside a frequency range predetermined by a resonant frequency of the oscillatory structure, and, based on the wanted signal extracted in temperature measurement operation, determines a temperature of the transducer.
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
G01D 3/036 - Measuring arrangements with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups of this group mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure on measuring arrangements themselves
G01K 7/32 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using change of resonant frequency of a crystal
G01N 9/00 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
G01N 11/16 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
84.
Method for control of phase in an oscillatory circuit
A method for the control of a phase shift between a transmission signal and a received signal of an electromechanical transducer unit to a predetermined value in an oscillatory circuit. The received signal is sampled at discrete points in time predetermined based on the transmission signal. Sampled voltage values are compared with desired values, which the received signal assumes at the respective points in time, when the predetermined phase shift is present, and, in the case of a deviation of a voltage value from its desired value, based on the sign of the deviation, the frequency of the transmission signal is decreased or increased.
H03L 7/091 - Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector using a sampling device
A pressure measuring transducer includes a pressure measuring cell; a measuring cell housing having an annular axial abutment surface, which surrounds an opening; a sealing ring; and a ring of angular cross section for positioning the pressure measuring cell and the sealing ring in the measuring cell chamber. The ring of angular cross section includes at least a first component of a form-retaining material and at least a second component of an elastic material, wherein the at least one form-retaining component forms the radial shoulder and extends in the axial direction into the annular gap, and the second component is connected with the first component and extends in the annular gap at least sectionally radially between the lateral surface of the pressure measuring cell and the wall of the measuring cell chamber.
G01B 7/16 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
G01L 1/04 - Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring elastic deformation of gauges, e.g. of springs
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
The circuit for the clocking of an FPGA comprises an FLL-circuit; a reference clock of a first frequency, or a reference clock input for the reception of a signal of a reference clock of a first frequency; and a digitally controlled oscillator, which outputs a clocking signal for the FPGA, wherein the FLL-circuit is designed in order to register a first number of clocking signals from the digitally controlled oscillator during a second number of periods of the reference clock, the first number is larger than the second number, and, in order to give out a feedback signal to control the ratio between the first number and the second number, as the feedback signal acts on the frequency of the digitally controlled oscillator.
A method for measuring a fill level of a fill substance in a container, in which, in an empty container, at least a part of the microwave signals transmitted into the container is reflected back via a reflection on a floor of the container. Microwave signals are transmitted into the container and their fractions reflected back to the fill-level measuring device. These are received as received signals. Echo functions are derived, which show amplitudes of the received signals as a function of a position corresponding to their travel time traveled in the container. A container floor echo is detected at a position, which lies in an earlier determined, both sides limited, empty echo position range, in which the container floor echo occurs in the case of empty container, at an empty echo position dependent on a shape of the container and an installed position of the fill-level measuring device.
G01S 13/88 - Radar or analogous systems, specially adapted for specific applications
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
G01S 13/00 - Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systemsAnalogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
A method for servicing a field device of process automation technology. The data exchanged between the field device and a servicing program is by means of at least one protocol, which has basic commands, via which basic functions of the field device can be invoked. Each field device which is compatible with the protocol has these basic functions available to it, and wherein only basic commands of the protocol are used to transfer data between the servicing program and the field device.
A method and an apparatus for determining at least one flow characteristic of an essentially laminarly flowing, gaseous or liquid medium in a pipeline. Distinguishing features include: that at least one modulation element introduced into, or placed in, the pipeline produces, at least for the case, in which the medium is flowing with a velocity different from zero, a change in density of the medium, at least at times, in the vicinity of the modulation element; that at least one mechanically oscillatable unit introduced into, or placed in, the pipeline and spaced from the modulation element is excited to resonant oscillations; that mechanical oscillations are received by the mechanically oscillatable unit and converted into an electrical, received signal, wherein the received signal is sensitive to the density change; and that the at least one flow characteristic of the medium is determined from the reaction of the received signal of the mechanically oscillatable unit to the density change.
G01F 1/708 - Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
G01F 1/704 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
A gauge pressure sensor for determining the pressure of a medium by means of a housing and by means of a measuring element, which is positioned in the housing, wherein an outwards facing side of the measuring element is in contact with the medium and is exposed to the pressure, which is to be measured. A tube for a reference pressure is provided, which conducts ambient air to the measuring element, and by means of at least one dehumidifying chamber, positioned in the housing, for the collection of air moisture. The dehumidifying chamber contains a moisture adsorbing material or is primarily composed of a moisture adsorbing material, in that the moisture adsorbing material is at least, in sections, enclosed by a wall, which is composed of a first moisture permeable material, or is at least, in sections, free from a wall, and in that the reference pressure supply tube is at least, in sections, fabricated from a first or second moisture permeable material or in that the reference pressure supply tube has an aperture.
G01L 7/00 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
91.
Method and apparatus for determining a fraction of an adsorbed material contained in an adsorber material
A method for determining a fraction of an adsorbed material contained in a formed body serving as an adsorber material. For the case in which the adsorber material is present in the form of a formed body, at least two electrodes are arranged, spaced apart from one another, on a surface of the formed body and/or are firmly inserted in the formed body; that, for the case, in which the adsorber material is present in the form of a powder or granulate, a corresponding formed body made of the same material is durably inserted in the powder or granular material. The electrodes are supplied with an alternating electrical current, whereby an electrical characteristic variable is ascertained; and, based on the characteristic variable, degree of saturation of the adsorber material is ascertained. Furthermore, a corresponding apparatus is claimed.
G01R 27/26 - Measuring inductance or capacitanceMeasuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance methodMeasuring loss factorMeasuring dielectric constants
G01N 19/00 - Investigating materials by mechanical methods
G01N 27/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
A method for checking the functional ability of a memory element having a stack memory, wherein the stack memory occupies a defined region within the memory element. A stack memory pointer is defined, which displays, in the form of an address, a stack memory position, from which data are currently being removed or to which data are currently being written. In the memory element, a section of defined length arranged outside a memory region to be checked is delimited and used as an auxiliary memory; the current address of the stack memory pointer is stored before the start of a test program for checking the memory element and the stack memory pointer is then assigned an address associated with the auxiliary memory, so that during the test program the auxiliary memory is used as working memory; and after terminating the test program the stack memory pointer is reassigned the address of that position, which it displayed before the start of the test program.
An apparatus and method for determining at least one process variable of a medium in a container or in a pipeline. The apparatus including: at least a first element and a second element, which are necessary components of the apparatus for determining the process variable and which contact at a contact location, which is exposed to a process temperature. The first element comprises a first material, and the second element comprises a second material. The first material and the second material are selected and matched to one another in such a manner that at the contact location between the first material and the second material a thermovoltage dependent on the difference between the process temperature and a reference temperature arises; and a temperature determining unit measures the thermovoltage and determines the process temperature therefrom.
G01F 25/00 - Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
G01K 7/08 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples the object to be measured forming one of the thermoelectric materials, e.g. pointed type
G01K 13/00 - Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
G01N 9/00 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
G01N 11/16 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
94.
Apparatus and method for operating an apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one physical process variable
A method for operating an apparatus which has an oscillatable unit. The oscillatable unit is excited to oscillate by means of a first frequency sweep within a predetermined frequency band with successive, discrete exciter frequencies of increasing or decreasing frequency. A first exciter frequency is ascertained, in the case of which, during the first frequency sweep, at least one predeterminable criterion is fulfilled. The oscillatable unit is excited by means of a second frequency sweep, wherein the frequency band, compared with the first frequency sweep, is run through in the opposite direction. A second exciter frequency is ascertained, in the case of which, during the second frequency sweep, the at least one predeterminable criterion is fulfilled. From the first exciter frequency and the second exciter frequency, via formation of an average, a measuring frequency for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable is determined.
A measuring apparatus for producing a sequence of measured values of a measured variable, which is a function of a first auxiliary measured variable and at least a second auxiliary measured variable. The apparatus includes a first measuring transducer for registering and for outputting a sequence of values of the first auxiliary measured variable, at least a second measuring transducer for registering and for outputting a sequence of values of the second auxiliary measured variable, an evaluating unit for calculating the sequence of measured values of the measured variable based on the sequences of values of the first auxiliary measured variable and at least the second auxiliary measured variable; wherein the measuring apparatus furthermore has a control unit for synchronizing the registering of the sequences of the first auxiliary measured variable and at least the second auxiliary measured variable by means of a first sequence of control signals, which is output to the first measuring transducer, and a second sequence of control signals, which is output to the second measuring transducer, wherein at least the first sequence of control signals is variable independently of the second sequence of control signals.
G06F 15/00 - Digital computers in generalData processing equipment in general
G01L 13/00 - Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values
G01F 1/36 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
G01L 15/00 - Devices or apparatus for measuring two or more fluid pressure values simultaneously
A ceramic product includes a first ceramic part and a second ceramic part, wherein the first ceramic part is connected with the second ceramic part via a joint, wherein the joint comprises an active hard solder, or braze, characterized in that the joint has an inhomogeneous distribution of the components of the active hard solder, or braze, wherein at least at an interface between the active hard solder, or braze, and the ceramic, the at least one active component of the active hard solder, or braze, is enriched. For manufacture of the product, the active hard solder, or braze, material is provided in such a manner, that at least one surface section of at least one of the ceramic parts is first coated with at least one active component of the active hard solder, or braze, and that on the coated section, an alloy is provided, which, by melting of the alloy during the heating, alloys with the coating and forms a metal joint between the two ceramic parts.
G01L 7/08 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges of the flexible-diaphragm type
G01L 13/02 - Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values using elastically-deformable members or pistons as sensing elements
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elementsTransmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
C04B 37/00 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
97.
Monitoring a production or conveyor environment by means of radar
A method using an antenna arrangement. The antenna arrangement includes a switched transmission antenna array with a number of transmission antennas, which radiate a radar transmission signal one after the other corresponding to a predetermined switching sequence. A first receiving antenna and a second receiving antenna receive the transmitted radar signals and reflected by at least one radar target. A first set of received signals by the first receiving antenna during the switching sequence of the transmission antenna array; receiving a second set of received signals by the second receiving antenna simultaneously with receiving the first set of received signals by the first receiving antenna during the switching sequence of the transmission antenna array; and from these signals the angular position of the at least one radar target based on the first set and the second set of received signals using an ESPRIT method is determined.
G01S 13/48 - Indirect determination of position data using multiple beams at emission or reception
G01S 13/88 - Radar or analogous systems, specially adapted for specific applications
G01S 13/42 - Simultaneous measurement of distance and other coordinates
98.
Measuring device of process automation technology for ascertaining and monitoring a chemical or physical process variable in a high temperature process in a container
An apparatus forming a measuring device for ascertaining and monitoring a chemical or physical process variable in a high temperature process in a container, wherein the measuring device is formed from at least a sensor element located in the process and at least a measurement transmitter located outside the process. At least a first sealing element is provided for sealing against penetration of process medium into the sensor element. The sensor element has a boundary location between a first sensor element region, which faces the process and which is embodied with a high thermal resistance, and a second sensor element region, which faces away from the process and which has a low thermal resistance, and that the temperature sensitive element is arranged in the sensor element at the boundary location.
H01Q 13/24 - Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe
A fill-level measuring device with a membrane, which is placed in such a manner on one of the two end region of a tubular housing that it seals the housing on such end region. An oscillatable unit is placed on the side of the membrane facing away from the housing, with a driver/receiver unit, which is composed of a plurality of piezoelectric elements arranged in a stack. The driver/receiver unit is placed via a pressure screw unit in such a manner in the housing that it oscillates in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the housing between the membrane and the pressure screw unit. The driver/receiver unit excites the oscillatable unit via the membrane to execute oscillations, with a control/evaluation unit, which evaluates amplitude, frequency and/or phase of the oscillations of the oscillatable unit and with a temperature sensor for determining temperature of the medium. The temperature sensor is integrated in a fill-level measuring device element, which is in thermal contact with the medium via the membrane or the housing, wherein the element is so selected that the oscillatable unit oscillates unimpaired by the temperature sensor.
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
100.
Method for monitoring the functioning of a field device
A method for monitoring the functioning of a field device, wherein the field device provides a complex measurement signal, which is produced from a number of individual measurements following one another in time, comprising method steps as follows: the complex measurement signals are stored within a predetermined time window; the occurrence of a predetermined event is monitored in the field device; the stored complex measurement signals are overwritten for the case, in which the predetermined event does not occur within the predetermined time window; for the case, in which the predetermined event occurs within the predetermined time window, both a first defined number of complex measurement signals, which were ascertained in time directly before the occurrence of the event, are frozen, as well as a second defined number of complex measurement signals, which were ascertained in time directly after the occurrence of the predetermined event, are stored.
G01D 3/10 - Measuring arrangements with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups of this group with provision for switching-in of additional or auxiliary indicators or recorders
G01F 25/00 - Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
G05B 23/00 - Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
