Abstract

A method of hydrolyzing a calcium chloride brine includes forming ammonia gas including reacting NH4Cl brine with Ca(OH)2 to form NH3 and the CaCl2 brine. The method includes hydrolyzing the CaCl2 brine including reacting the CaCl2 brine formed during the forming of the ammonia gas with water to form HCl and Ca(OH)2. The method also includes recycling at least some of the Ca(OH)2 formed during the hydrolyzing of the CaCl2 brine for use as at least part of the Ca(OH)2 used in the forming of the ammonia gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• B01J 23/80 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with zinc, cadmium or mercury
• C07C 29/154 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing copper, silver, gold, or compounds thereof
• C25B 1/23 - Carbon monoxide or syngas
• C25B 9/19 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodesAssemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
• C25B 13/07 - DiaphragmsSpacing elements characterised by the material based on inorganic materials based on ceramics
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

A method of separating lithium and magnesium includes hydrolyzing a hydrolysis composition that includes MgCl2 and LiCl, the hydrolyzing including treating the hydrolysis composition with heat to form HCl, water, and a hydrolyzed mixture including LiCl and MgO. The method also includes performing dissolution separation including separating a solvent-soluble fraction in the hydrolyzed mixture that includes LiCl from a substantially solvent-insoluble fraction in the hydrolyzed mixture including a magnesium-containing product including Mg(OH)2 and/or MgO.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• B01J 23/80 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with zinc, cadmium or mercury
• C07C 29/154 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing copper, silver, gold, or compounds thereof
• C25B 1/23 - Carbon monoxide or syngas
• C25B 9/19 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodesAssemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
• C25B 13/07 - DiaphragmsSpacing elements characterised by the material based on inorganic materials based on ceramics
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

In various embodiments, the present invention relates to heat dissipation systems including a hygroscopic working fluid and methods of using the same. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method for heat dissipation using a hygroscopic working fluid. The method can include transferring thermal energy from a heated process fluid to the hygroscopic working fluid in a process heat exchanger, to form a cooled process fluid. The method can include condensing liquid from a feed gas on a heat transfer surface of a feed gas heat exchanger in contact with the cooled process fluid, to form a cooled feed gas, the heated process fluid, and a condensate. The method can include dissipating thermal energy from the hygroscopic working fluid to a cooling gas composition with a fluid-air contactor. The method can include transferring moisture between the hygroscopic working fluid and the cooling gas composition with the fluid-air contactor. The method can include adding at least part of the condensate to the hygroscopic working fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• F24F 3/14 - Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatmentApparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidificationAir-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatmentApparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by dehumidification
• F02C 7/143 - Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
• F25B 25/00 - Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups
• F28B 9/06 - Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid with provision for re-cooling the cooling water or other cooling liquid
• F28C 1/00 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
• F28C 1/02 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with counter-current only
• F28C 1/04 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with cross-current only
• F28C 1/16 - Arrangements for preventing condensation, precipitation or mist formation, outside the cooler
• F28C 3/08 - Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour with change of state, e.g. absorption, evaporation, condensation
• F28D 20/00 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in generalRegenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or
• F28F 23/02 - Arrangements for obtaining or maintaining same in a liquid state
• F28F 25/02 - Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, or accumulating liquid
• F28F 25/08 - Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid filmsElements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface

Abstract

Upgraded coal, method of forming the same, and graphene films and quantum dots made therefrom. A method of upgrading coal includes cleaning coal to form a cleaned coal residue. The method also includes (A) reacting the cleaned coal residue with an oxidizable inorganic metallic agent, or (B) reacting the cleaned coal residue with a reducing agent, or a combination thereof, to form the upgraded coal.

IPC Classes  ?

• B03B 9/00 - General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
• B03B 7/00 - Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
• B82Y 20/00 - Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
• B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
• C01B 32/184 - Preparation
• C01B 32/194 - After-treatment
• C09K 11/65 - Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent, materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing carbon

Abstract

A method of treating a brine composition includes hydrolyzing a metal halide salt in the brine composition to form a hydrolysis product including a hydrohalic acid. The metal includes an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• B01J 23/80 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with zinc, cadmium or mercury
• C07C 29/154 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing copper, silver, gold, or compounds thereof
• C25B 1/23 - Carbon monoxide or syngas
• C25B 9/19 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodesAssemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
• C25B 13/07 - DiaphragmsSpacing elements characterised by the material based on inorganic materials based on ceramics
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

A method of recycling gaseous hydrocarbons includes flowing a hydrocarbon gas composition from a secondary separator into a compressor unit to form a compressed mixture. The secondary separator includes a crude liquid hydrocarbon input stream from a primary separator. The method includes flowing the compressed mixture into a cooling unit to cool the compressed mixture, to form a cooled composition comprising liquid hydrocarbons. The method includes flowing the liquid hydrocarbons from the cooled composition into the primary separator.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 5/06 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
• C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
• C10G 33/06 - De-watering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils with mechanical means, e.g. by filtration

Abstract

A method of recovering gaseous hydrocarbons from tank headspace as fuel on-site includes flowing a hydrocarbon gas composition from headspace of a tank fed by a secondary separator into a compressor to form a compressed mixture. The method includes flowing the compressed mixture into a cooling unit to cool the compressed mixture, to form a cooled composition including liquid hydrocarbons. The method includes flowing the cooled composition to a buffer tank to form a buffered fuel composition. The method includes removing a fuel gas composition from headspace of the buffer tank. The method also includes combusting the fuel gas composition as an on-site fuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 5/06 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing

Abstract

A method of recovering gaseous hydrocarbons from tank headspace includes flowing a hydrocarbon gas composition from headspace of a tank fed by a secondary separator into a compressor to form a compressed mixture. The method includes flowing the compressed mixture into a cooling unit to cool the compressed mixture, to form a cooled composition including liquid hydrocarbons. The method includes recovering the liquid hydrocarbons as a recovered liquid hydrocarbon stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 5/06 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
• C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment

Abstract

A method of recycling gaseous hydrocarbons includes flowing a hydrocarbon gas composition from a secondary separator into a compressor unit to form a compressed mixture. The secondary separator includes a crude liquid hydrocarbon input stream from a primary separator. The method includes flowing the compressed mixture into a cooling unit to cool the compressed mixture, to form a cooled composition comprising liquid hydrocarbons. The method includes flowing the liquid hydrocarbons from the cooled composition into the primary separator.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 5/06 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
• C10G 33/06 - De-watering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils with mechanical means, e.g. by filtration

Abstract

A method of recovering gaseous hydrocarbons from tank headspace as fuel on-site includes flowing a hydrocarbon gas composition from headspace of a tank fed by a secondary separator into a compressor to form a compressed mixture. The method includes flowing the compressed mixture into a cooling unit to cool the compressed mixture, to form a cooled composition including liquid hydrocarbons. The method includes flowing the cooled composition to a buffer tank to form a buffered fuel composition. The method includes removing a fuel gas composition from headspace of the buffer tank. The method also includes combusting the fuel gas composition as an on-site fuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 5/06 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
• C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment

Abstract

A method of recovery of rich gas where the rich gas is a hydrocarbon gas comprising less than 50 mole % methane is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of gathering the low pressure gas, compressing the gathered gas, cooling the compressed gas in a condenser so that a portion of the compressed gas condenses to form a liquefied gas and liquefied gas vapour in the condenser, and discharging the liquefied gas and liquefied gas vapour from the condenser, in which the cooling of the compressed gas is performed using at least one heat exchanger (40).

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 70/04 - Working-up undefined normally gaseous mixtures obtained by processes covered by groups , , , , by physical processes
• C10G 5/06 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
• C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas

Abstract

A method of forming graphite includes carbonizing an upgraded coal, to form a carbonized upgraded coal. The method also includes graphitizing the carbonized upgraded coal, to form the graphite.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/205 - Preparation
• C10B 53/04 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
• C10L 9/06 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by chemical means by oxidation
• C10B 57/08 - Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge
• C10L 5/04 - Raw material to be usedPretreatment thereof
• C25B 11/043 - Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene

Abstract

2 and the metal halide salt. At least some of the metal halide salt formed from the reacting of the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt is recycled as at least some of the metal halide salt in the hydrolyzing of the metal halide salt to form the hydrohalic acid and the hydroxide salt.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
• B01J 20/34 - Regenerating or reactivating
• C01B 7/03 - Preparation from chlorides
• C01F 11/02 - Oxides or hydroxides
• C01F 11/18 - Carbonates
• C01F 11/28 - Chlorides by chlorination of alkaline earth metal compounds
• C02F 5/06 - Softening water by precipitation of the hardness using calcium compounds

Abstract

A method of recovering gaseous hydrocarbons from tank headspace includes flowing a hydrocarbon gas composition from headspace of a tank fed by a secondary separator into a compressor to form a compressed mixture. The method includes flowing the compressed mixture into a cooling unit to cool the compressed mixture, to form a cooled composition including liquid hydrocarbons. The method includes recovering the liquid hydrocarbons as a recovered liquid hydrocarbon stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 5/06 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
• C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment

Abstract

2 and the water into the syngas composition including carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• B01J 23/80 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with zinc, cadmium or mercury
• C07C 29/154 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing copper, silver, gold, or compounds thereof
• C25B 13/07 - DiaphragmsSpacing elements characterised by the material based on inorganic materials based on ceramics
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
• C25B 9/19 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodesAssemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
• C25B 1/23 - Carbon monoxide or syngas

Goods & Services

Business consulting and advisory services in the field of energy

Goods & Services

Business consulting and advisory services in the field of energy

Abstract

Composites including silica phase and magneli-phase titanium suboxide, supported catalyst particles including the same, electrodes including the supported catalyst particles, and electrochemical cells including the electrode.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/92 - Metals of platinum group
• H01M 8/1004 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]

Abstract

A method of forming graphite includes carbonizing an upgraded coal, to form a carbonized upgraded coal. The method also includes graphitizing the carbonized upgraded coal, to form the graphite.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/205 - Preparation
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
• H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals

Abstract

A method of recycling gaseous hydrocarbons includes flowing a hydrocarbon gas composition from a secondary separator into a compressor unit to form a compressed mixture. The secondary separator includes a crude liquid hydrocarbon input stream from a primary separator. The method includes flowing the compressed mixture into a cooling unit to cool the compressed mixture, to form a cooled composition comprising liquid hydrocarbons. The method includes flowing the liquid hydrocarbons from the cooled composition into the primary separator.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 5/06 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
• C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
• C10G 33/06 - De-watering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils with mechanical means, e.g. by filtration

Abstract

A method of recovering gaseous hydrocarbons from tank headspace includes flowing a hydrocarbon gas composition from headspace of a tank fed by a secondary separator into a compressor to form a compressed mixture. The method includes flowing the compressed mixture into a cooling unit to cool the compressed mixture, to form a cooled composition including liquid hydrocarbons. The method includes recovering the liquid hydrocarbons as a recovered liquid hydrocarbon stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 5/06 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
• C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment

Abstract

Methods for electrochemical extraction of metals, and methods for determining electrolyte fluids suitable therefor. A method of extracting, separating, and/or purifying a method includes immersing an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode in a liquid including the metal to form a layer including the metal on the cathode. The immersing includes applying an electrochemical potential across the anode and cathode.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 1/22 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of metals not provided for in groups
• C25C 7/02 - ElectrodesConnections thereof

Abstract

Methods, systems, and computer programs are presented for detecting buried pipelines and spills. One method includes operations for programming a drone to fly over a geographical area, and for capturing, during a flight of the drone, geophysical data with geophysical equipment in the drone. Further, the method includes capturing, during the flight of the drone, images with a camera in the drone. A machine-learning (ML) model is utilized to identify locations of buried pipes and spills based on the captured geophysical data and the captured images. Further, the method includes presenting the identified locations of the buried pipes and spills in a map of the geographical area.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 3/38 - Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation or for correction
• G01V 3/08 - Electric or magnetic prospecting or detectingMeasuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
• G01V 3/16 - Electric or magnetic prospecting or detectingMeasuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation specially adapted for use during transport, e.g. by a person, vehicle or boat specially adapted for use from aircraft
• G01V 11/00 - Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups
• G06T 7/70 - Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
• G06V 10/774 - Generating sets of training patternsBootstrap methods, e.g. bagging or boosting
• G06V 20/17 - Terrestrial scenes taken from planes or by drones

Abstract

A method of recovery of rich gas where the rich gas is a hydrocarbon gas comprising less than 50 mole % methane is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of gathering the low pressure gas, compressing the gathered gas, cooling the compressed gas in a condenser so that a portion of the compressed gas condenses to form a liquefied gas and liquefied gas vapour in the condenser, and discharging the liquefied gas and liquefied gas vapour from the condenser, in which the cooling of the compressed gas is performed using at least one heat exchanger (40).

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 5/06 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
• C10G 70/04 - Working-up undefined normally gaseous mixtures obtained by processes covered by groups , , , , by physical processes
• C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas

Abstract

2 and the metal halide salt. At least some of the metal halide salt formed from the reacting of the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt is recycled as at least some of the metal halide salt in the hydrolyzing of the metal halide salt to form the hydrohalic acid and the hydroxide salt.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
• B01J 20/34 - Regenerating or reactivating
• C01B 7/03 - Preparation from chlorides
• C01F 11/02 - Oxides or hydroxides
• C01F 11/18 - Carbonates
• C01F 11/28 - Chlorides by chlorination of alkaline earth metal compounds
• C02F 5/06 - Softening water by precipitation of the hardness using calcium compounds

Abstract

2 and the metal halide salt. At least some of the metal halide salt formed from the reacting of the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt is recycled as at least some of the metal halide salt in the hydrolyzing of the metal halide salt to form the hydrohalic acid and the hydroxide salt.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
• B01J 20/34 - Regenerating or reactivating
• C01B 7/03 - Preparation from chlorides
• C01F 11/02 - Oxides or hydroxides
• C01F 11/18 - Carbonates
• C01F 11/28 - Chlorides by chlorination of alkaline earth metal compounds
• C02F 5/06 - Softening water by precipitation of the hardness using calcium compounds

Abstract

A method of treating a metal carbonate salt includes hydrolyzing a metal halide salt to form a hydrohalic acid and a hydroxide salt of the metal in the metal halide salt. The metal includes an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal. The method includes reacting the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt, wherein the metal carbonate salt is a carbonate salt of the alkaline earth metal or alkali metal, to form CO2 and the metal halide salt. At least some of the metal halide salt formed from the reacting of the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt is recycled as at least some of the metal halide salt in the hydrolyzing of the metal halide salt to form the hydrohalic acid and the hydroxide salt.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 7/01 - ChlorineHydrogen chloride
• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• C01F 11/02 - Oxides or hydroxides
• C01F 11/24 - Chlorides

Abstract

Upgraded coal, method of forming the same, and graphene films and quantum dots made therefrom. A method of upgrading coal includes cleaning coal to form a cleaned coal residue. The method also includes (A) reacting the cleaned coal residue with an oxidizable inorganic metallic agent, or (B) reacting the cleaned coal residue with a reducing agent, or a combination thereof, to form the upgraded coal.

IPC Classes  ?

• B03B 9/00 - General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
• B03B 7/00 - Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
• B82Y 20/00 - Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
• B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
• C01B 32/184 - Preparation
• C01B 32/194 - After-treatment
• C09K 11/65 - Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent, materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing carbon

Abstract

Methods and apparatuses for forming a graphene film, and graphene films produced thereby. A method of forming a graphene film includes depositing a carbon source onto a substrate within a deposition environment including a vacuum to form the graphene film on the substrate. The carbon source includes coal, a coal component, or a combination thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• B32B 9/00 - Layered products essentially comprising a particular substance not covered by groups
• C01B 32/182 - Graphene
• C01B 32/186 - Preparation by chemical vapour deposition [CVD]
• C23C 16/26 - Deposition of carbon only
• C23C 16/448 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials

Abstract

Disclosed are methods and apparatus for identifying non-metallic subterranean structures using amorphous metal markers associated with the structures. Some examples will include the amorphous metal in the form of one or more sections of an amorphous metal foil within a protective enclosure sufficient to physically isolate the amorphous metal foil from the surrounding Earth. The amorphous metal foil and enclosure may be in the form of a tape which either will be secured to, or placed proximate the subterranean structure, which may be, for example, a pipe or conduit, or other non-metallic structure.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 15/00 - Tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object
• G01V 3/08 - Electric or magnetic prospecting or detectingMeasuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
• F16L 1/11 - Accessories therefor, e.g. anchors for the detection or protection of pipes in the ground
• E02F 5/00 - Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
• F16L 9/12 - Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement

Abstract

2 underground.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/36 - Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spreadCorrelating seismic signalsEliminating effects of unwanted energy
• G01V 1/30 - Analysis
• G01V 1/28 - Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
• G06N 5/04 - Inference or reasoning models
• G06N 20/00 - Machine learning

Abstract

In various embodiments, the present invention relates to heat dissipation systems including a hygroscopic working fluid and methods of using the same. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method for heat dissipation using a hygroscopic working fluid. The method can include transferring thermal energy from a heated process fluid to the hygroscopic working fluid in a process heat exchanger, to form a cooled process fluid. The method can include condensing liquid from a feed gas on a heat transfer surface of a feed gas heat exchanger in contact with the cooled process fluid, to form a cooled feed gas, the heated process fluid, and a condensate. The method can include dissipating thermal energy from the hygroscopic working fluid to a cooling gas composition with a fluid-air contactor. The method can include transferring moisture between the hygroscopic working fluid and the cooling gas composition with the fluid-air contactor. The method can include adding at least part of the condensate to the hygroscopic working fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• F24F 3/14 - Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatmentApparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidificationAir-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatmentApparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by dehumidification
• F02C 7/143 - Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
• F25B 25/00 - Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups
• F28B 9/06 - Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid with provision for re-cooling the cooling water or other cooling liquid
• F28C 1/00 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
• F28C 1/02 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with counter-current only
• F28C 1/04 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with cross-current only
• F28C 1/16 - Arrangements for preventing condensation, precipitation or mist formation, outside the cooler
• F28C 3/08 - Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour with change of state, e.g. absorption, evaporation, condensation
• F28D 20/00 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in generalRegenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or
• F28F 23/02 - Arrangements for obtaining or maintaining same in a liquid state
• F28F 25/02 - Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, or accumulating liquid
• F28F 25/08 - Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid filmsElements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface

Abstract

A proton-exchange membrane includes a polymer matrix, polymer fibers, or a combination thereof. The proton-exchange membrane also includes a proton-conducting material distributed on the polymer matrix, on the polymer fibers, in the polymer fibers, or a combination thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08J 5/22 - Films, membranes or diaphragms
• C08J 5/06 - Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
• C08K 3/20 - OxidesHydroxides
• C08K 3/32 - Phosphorus-containing compounds
• C08K 7/04 - Fibres or whiskers inorganic
• D01D 5/00 - Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
• D01D 10/02 - Heat treatment
• D04H 1/74 - Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel
• D04H 1/728 - Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
• D04H 1/4326 - Condensation or reaction polymers
• C08J 5/04 - Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
• B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
• B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites

Abstract

In various embodiments, the present invention relates to heat dissipation systems including a hygroscopic working fluid integrating waste water as makeup water. The present invention also relates to methods of using the same. The present invention also relates to hygroscopic cooling systems adapted to dispose of waste water by combining the waste water with a hygroscopic working fluid, precipitating impurities and evaporating the remaining water.

IPC Classes  ?

• F28B 9/06 - Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid with provision for re-cooling the cooling water or other cooling liquid
• F01K 9/00 - Steam engine plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
• F28C 1/02 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with counter-current only
• F28C 1/04 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with cross-current only
• F28F 23/02 - Arrangements for obtaining or maintaining same in a liquid state
• F28F 25/08 - Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid filmsElements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface
• F28F 25/12 - DuctsGuide vanes, e.g. for carrying currents to distinct zones
• F28C 1/16 - Arrangements for preventing condensation, precipitation or mist formation, outside the cooler
• F28F 25/02 - Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, or accumulating liquid
• F24F 3/14 - Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatmentApparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidificationAir-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatmentApparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by dehumidification
• F28C 1/00 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
• F24F 5/00 - Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by group or

Abstract

A heat dissipation system apparatus and method of operation using hygroscopic working fluid for use in a wide variety of environments for absorbed water in the hygroscopic working fluid to be released to minimize water consumption in the heat dissipation system apparatus for effective cooling in environments having little available water for use in cooling systems. The system comprises a low-volatility, hygroscopic working fluid to reject thermal energy directly to ambient air. The low-volatility and hygroscopic nature of the working fluid prevents complete evaporation of the fluid and a net consumption of water for cooling, and direct-contact heat exchange allows for the creation of large interfacial surface areas for effective heat transfer. Specific methods of operation prevent the crystallization of the desiccant from the hygrosopic working fluid under various environmental conditions.

IPC Classes  ?

• F24F 3/14 - Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatmentApparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidificationAir-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatmentApparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by dehumidification
• F28B 9/06 - Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid with provision for re-cooling the cooling water or other cooling liquid
• F28C 1/14 - Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers comprising also a non-direct contact heat exchange

Abstract

Various embodiments disclosed relate to methods and apparatuses for determining a minimum miscibility pressure of a fluid with and oil composition. In various embodiments, the method can include placing a fluid into a pressure chamber at a first pressure. The pressure chamber can include at least one capillary tube having one end disposed in an oil composition in the pressure chamber. The fluid can include at least one of a gas, a liquid, and a supercritical fluid. The method can include measuring a height of the oil composition in at least one of the capillary tubes. The method can include repeating the measuring for at least one cycle using a second pressure different than the first pressure. The method can include determining the minimum miscibility pressure of the oil composition with the fluid by extrapolating from the two or more measurements.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 47/06 - Measuring temperature or pressure
• E21B 43/25 - Methods for stimulating production
• G01L 7/18 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements using liquid as the pressure-sensitive medium, e.g. liquid-column gauges
• G01N 33/28 - Oils