An electrochemical reactor adapted to produce hydrogen on demand, including: a device for storing and supplying hydrogen, which includes: a solid-phase metal M layer, and an aqueous liquid electrolyte € adapted to oxidise the layer of a metal solid-phase M; a main chamber; a control device, adapted to ensure a relative movement between the electrolyte and the metal M layer so as to be able to present the following two configurations: a withdrawal configuration wherein there is a separation between the electrolyte and the metal M layer; and a contact configuration in which there is contact between the electrolyte and the metal M layer in the main chamber.
H01M 8/0656 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C25B 9/65 - Means for supplying currentElectrode connectionsElectric inter-cell connections
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
2.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING PRESSURISED HYDROGEN BY DECOUPLED WATER ELECTROLYSIS
The invention relates to an electrochemical system and a method for producing hydrogen by decoupled electrolysis of water, comprising a step of producing oxygen in a main chamber (10), an intermediate step of deoxygenating the electrolyte in a secondary chamber (20), and then a step of producing hydrogen in the main chamber (10).
C25B 9/00 - Cells or assemblies of cellsConstructional parts of cellsAssemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assembliesProcess-related cell features
C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
4.
ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR SUITABLE FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN ON DEMAND AND COMPRISING AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR STORING AND SUPPLYING HYDROGEN
The invention relates to an electrochemical reactor suitable for producing hydrogen on demand, comprising: o a device (20) for storing and supplying hydrogen, which comprises: • a layer of metal M in the solid phase, and an aqueous liquid electrolyte (E) suitable for oxidizing the layer (22) of a metal M in the solid phase; • a main chamber (21); o a control device (30), suitable for ensuring a relative displacement between the electrolyte (E) and the layer (22) of metal M so as to be able to have the following two configurations: a withdrawn configuration wherein there is a separation between the electrolyte (E) and the layer (22) of metal M; and a contact configuration wherein there is contact between the electrolyte (E) and the layer (22) of metal M in the main chamber.
C01B 3/08 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents with metals
C25C 1/16 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of zinc, cadmium or mercury
H01M 8/065 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloysCombination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dehydriding metallic substances
5.
PRESSURIZED-FLUID STORAGE RESERVOIR HAVING IMPROVED MECHANICAL STRENGTH
The invention relates to a reservoir (1), comprising: a main body (10) having a toric boss (13); and a closure device (20) comprising a removable stop flange (30) designed to come into contact with the toric boss (13), and a removable clamping flange (40) designed to bear on a cover (5) then shutting off an orifice (3) in the main body (10), and clamping means (21, 22) for exerting a clamping force on the cover (5) in the direction of the main body (10), the removable stop flange (30) then being retained by the toric boss (13).
The invention relates to an electrochemical method for producing hydrogen gas by electrolysis and subsequent electrochemical conversion of H+22 ions by depolarisation. Said method is intended to simply and industrially achieve high hydrogen gas pressures, for example >80 bar. To achieve this, the method consists in implementing a step E122 being produced. In said method, - the electrolyte comprises Mm+ions of a metal M corresponding to the redox couple (Mm+/M) and Aa+ions of a depolarisation additive A corresponding to the redox couple (Aa+/A); - the electrolysis step E1is initiated by supplying power between the anode and the cathode; Aa+and Mm+are respectively deposited as A and M on the cathode during the electrolysis E1and oxygen gas is released at the anode; - the electrolysis E1is interrupted by cutting off the power supply between the anode and the cathode; micro-cells are formed between A, M and the H+22 being produced and M and A being dissolved into Mm+and Aa+at the electrode, which acts as a cathode in step E 122 produced is collected. The invention also relates to devices for implementing such a production method and a kit comprising one of said devices and the electrolyte components.
C25C 1/06 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese
C01B 3/08 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents with metals
C25C 1/08 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese of nickel or cobalt
C25C 1/16 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of zinc, cadmium or mercury
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C25B 5/00 - Electrogenerative processes, i.e. processes for producing compounds in which electricity is generated simultaneously
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
7.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STORING AND GENERATING ELECTRICITY ELECTROCHEMICALLY FROM HYDROGEN GAS, KIT COMPRISING SAID DEVICE AND CONSUMABLES
The invention relates to an improved, inexpensive, environmentally friendly method for storing and generating electricity → from hydrogen gas as well as from an electrolyte including Mm+ions; → and by means of at least one electrochemical cell comprising a chamber containing the electrolyte (Mm+). For this purpose, the positive and negative electrodes of the electrochemical cell are connected to the positive and negative terminals, respectively, of the electric current generator; the electrochemical cell is charged; hydrogen gas is brought to the positive electrode and/or near the positive electrode, so that said hydrogen gas is oxidised with H+ions that diffuse in the electrolyte. Simultaneously, the Mm+ions are reduced at the negative electrode, on which the element M is deposited. Charging is halted by disconnecting the electrodes from the cell of the generator. The electricity is thus stored in electrochemical form via H+ions and the element M. When it is necessary to generate electricity, the negative and positive electrodes of the electrochemical cell are connected to the apparatus that consumes electric energy so that: • H+22 at the + electrode, • M is oxidised at the negative electrode, producing Mm+ ions that diffuse in the electrolyte, • and an electric current flows through the circuit. The invention also relates to devices for implementing such a production method as well as to a kit comprising one of these devices and components of the electrolyte.
The invention relates to an improved method for the electrochemical compression of gaseous hydrogen, at a low pressure, for example a pressure P° of between 1 and 30 bar, the target pressure P1being between 700 and 900 bar, for example for the refilling of a tank of a vehicle operating with an internal combustion engine using hydrogen as a fuel or with an electric motor powered by a fuel cell. To this end, the method essentially consists in implementing an electrical generator, a chamber containing an electrolyte, and a plurality of hydrogen electrode EH/ counter-electrode CE pairs, and optionally, at least one separator arranged between EHet CE, in which the electrolyte contains at least one intermediate vector A, which is the oxidant of a redox couple (A/B), and the following is implemented: a step of injection of hydrogen at P° such that at the anode EH22 → 2H++ 2e-, and at the cathode CE: A + ne-→ B where n=1-10; and a step comprising a reversal of polarity for EHand CE for inducing an electrochemical transformation, such that at the anode CE: B → A + ne- where n=1-10, and at the cathode EH: 2H++ 2e-22, said hydrogen accumulating in the chamber at a pressure P1> P°. The invention also relates to devices for implementing such a production method and to a kit comprising one of said devices and components of the electrolyte.
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
F25B 1/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
9.
ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD FOR PRODUCING PRESSURISED GASEOUS HYDROGEN BY ELECTROLYSIS THEN BY ELECTROCHEMICAL CONVERSION
The invention relates to an electrochemical method for producing gaseous hydrogen by electrolysis then electrochemical conversion of H+ ions into gaseous hydrogen, either by depolarisation with production of electrical energy (battery) or by catalysis. The aim of the invention is to improve said method in order to reach, industrially, high pressures of gaseous hydrogen, for example >80 bars. To this end, the method essentially consists in implementing, in a decoupled manner, at least one step of Elelectrolysis of an electrolyte producing gaseous oxygen in a chamber El, and at least one step of electrochemical conversion C° of H+ ions into gaseous hydrogen in a chamber C° containing a liquid phase L and a gaseous phase G which is not dissolved in said liquid phase. In said method: the gaseous hydrogen produced in the conversion step C° is partially present in the crown of the chamber C° and in the form of bubbles in the electrolyte and partially dissolved in the electrolyte which as a result becomes saturated with hydrogen; the electrolyte comprises at least one redox couple (A/B) forming at least one intermediate vector allowing the decoupling of the steps El & C°; the interface between phase G and phase L is increased during step C° in such a way as to accelerate the diffusion of the liquid phase to the gaseous phase, dissolved hydrogen potentially supersaturating the electrolyte; and the pressurised gaseous hydrogen is collected in a reservoir. The invention also relates to devices for implementing such a production method and to a kit comprising one of said devices and components of the electrolyte.
C25C 1/06 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese
C01B 3/08 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents with metals
C25C 1/12 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of copper
C25C 1/16 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of zinc, cadmium or mercury
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C25B 5/00 - Electrogenerative processes, i.e. processes for producing compounds in which electricity is generated simultaneously
The invention relates to a device for storing electrical energy in the form of, for example, zinc and acid sulfate solution, which releases pressurised hydrogen on demand in a single reactor.
A method for charging a flow battery (1) comprising the following steps: providing a battery (1) comprising: at least one positive electrode made from lead and at least one negative electrode made from zinc, an electrolyte made from zinc sulphate, providing a first outer container (2) containing the electrolyte, the volume of the first outer container (2) being at least equal to the volume of the battery (1), providing a flow device (3) configured to make the electrolyte flow between the outer container and the battery, charging the battery (1) by performing electrolysis in such a way as to form zinc on the negative electrode and lead oxide on the positive electrode, the electrolyte flowing between the container (2) and the electrodes during charging, in such a way as to continuously renew the electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
The invention relates to a method for the simultaneous cogeneration of electrical and hydrogen power by a totally electrochemical process, comprising: a step of storing electricity by means of electrolyzing a solution of an electrolyzable metal and forming an electrolyzable metal/hydrogen battery; and a step of recovering electricity and generating hydrogen by means of the operation of said battery. The electrolyzable metal is selected from among zinc, nickel and manganese.
H01M 8/06 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
H01M 10/36 - Accumulators not provided for in groups
H01M 14/00 - Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups Manufacture thereof
C01B 3/08 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents with metals
C25B 5/00 - Electrogenerative processes, i.e. processes for producing compounds in which electricity is generated simultaneously
patents
