A battery includes a first chamber with a first electrode and a second chamber with a second electrode. An intercalation membrane between the first chamber and the second chamber is configured to retain an electrolyte in the first chamber and to accept therein migrating ions of the electrolyte in the presence of an electrical field and lose mechanical integrity permitting the electrolyte to enter the second chamber in order to activate the battery.
A method, coated substrate, and coating wherein a metallic substrate is subject to an electrolytic deposition process including an electrolyte with an iron group element and a refractory group element. One or more electrolytic deposition waveform parameters are varied to deposit on the substrate a functionally graded coating with more of the iron group element and less of the refractory group element at an interface between the coating and the metallic substrate to better match the coefficient of thermal expansion of the coating and the metallic substrate and more of the refractory group element and less of the iron group element as the thickness of the coating increases for improving corrosion resistance to salts. The coating may be diffusion bonded to the substrate.
A dewatering apparatus for cellulosic materials includes a chamber for an aqueous solution of a cellulosic material, an inner electrode in the chamber, an outer electrode in the chamber about the inner electrode, and a power supply connected to the inner electrode and the outer electrode applying a voltage potential across the electrodes to remove water associated with the aqueous solution and to dewater the cellulosic materials.
C02F 1/461 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
D21C 9/00 - After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters
A method of manufacturing a corrugated copper microwave waveguide comprising placing a mandrel with external corrugations in an electrolyte bath substantially devoid of brighteners, accelerators, or levelers and including copper ions, sulfuric acid, chloride, and polyethylene glycol. The mandrel is placed proximate a copper anode in the bath. One or more waveforms are applied to the mandrel and anode to control electrodeposition distribution of copper to the mandrel rather than controlling the electrolyte bath chemistry. The mandrel and the resulting electroformed waveguide are removed from the electrolyte bath and the mandrel is excised (e.g., dissolved) resulting in a microwave waveguide with internal corrugations. Substantially devoid of additives (brighteners, accelerators, and/or levelers) generally means not having to repeatedly meter in additives during the electroforming process.
A dewatering apparatus for cellulosic materials includes a chamber for an aqueous solution of a cellulosic material, an inner electrode in the chamber, an outer electrode in the chamber about the inner electrode, and a power supply connected to the inner electrode and the outer electrode applying a voltage potential across the electrodes to remove water associated with the aqueous solution and to dewater the cellulosic materials.
C02F 1/461 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
D21C 9/00 - After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters
A method of coating a substrate, the method comprises adding a nanocarbon material to an electrophoretic solution in an electrophoretic deposition apparatus including the substrate and an electrode spaced from the substrate, and applying a current to the substrate and the electrode to deposit the nanocarbon material onto the substrate.
A method of coating a substrate includes adding ion erosion resistant particles, conductive particles, and a binder to an electrophoretic solution in an electrophoretic deposition apparatus including the substrate and a cathode spaced from the substrate. A current is applied to the substrate and cathode to deposit a first layer coating including the erosion resistant particles, the conductive particles, and the binder onto the substrate. The method further includes adding a low work function material to an electrolyte solution in an electrolytic deposition apparatus including the substrate and a cathode spaced from the substrate. A current is applied to the substrate and the cathode to deposit a second layer coating including the low work function material onto the substrate.
C25D 15/00 - Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
C09D 5/44 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes for electrophoretic applications
8.
Pulse reverse current high rate electrodeposition and charging while mitigating the adverse effects of dendrite formation
The problem of high rate electrodeposition of metals such as copper during electrowinning operations or high rate charging of lithium or zinc electrodes for rechargeable battery applications while avoiding the adverse effects of dendrite formation such as causing short-circuiting and/or poor deposit morphology is solved by pulse reverse current electrodeposition or charging whereby the forward cathodic (electrodeposition or charging) pulse current is “tuned” to minimize dendrite formation for example by creating a smaller pulsating boundary layer and thereby minimizing mass transport effects leading to surface asperities and the subsequent reverse anodic (electropolishing) pulse current is “tuned” to eliminate the micro- and macro-asperities leading to dendrites.
A method of and system for surface finishing an additive manufactured part. A part having a surface roughness with macroasperities is placed in a chamber with an electrolyte and an electrode. A pulse/pulse reverse power supply is connected to the part rendering it anodic and connected to the electrode rendering it cathodic. The power supply is operated to decrease the surface roughness of the part by applying a first series of waveforms including at least two waveforms where a diffusion layer is maintained at a thickness to produce a macroprofile regime relative to the macroasperities, the first series of waveforms having anodic voltages applied for anodic time periods before cathodic voltages applied for cathodic time periods to effect part surface smoothing to a first surface roughness with minimal material removal and applying a final waveform where the diffusion layer represents a microprofile regime, the final waveform having a final anodic voltage applied for a final anodic time period before a final cathodic voltage applied for a final cathodic time period to effect part surface smoothing to a final surface roughness with minimal material removal.
A dewatering apparatus for cellulosic materials includes a chamber for an aqueous solution of a cellulosic material, an inner electrode in the chamber, an outer electrode in the chamber about the inner electrode, and a power supply connected to the inner electrode and the outer electrode applying a voltage potential across the electrodes to remove water associated with the aqueous solution and to dewater the cellulosic materials.
A method of and system for surface finishing an additive manufactured part. A part having a surface roughness with macroasperities is placed in a chamber with an electrolyte and an electrode. A pulse/pulse reverse power supply is connected to the part rendering it anodic and connected to the electrode rendering it cathodic. The power supply is operated to decrease the surface roughness of the part by applying a first series of waveforms including at least two waveforms where a diffusion layer is maintained at a thickness to produce a macroprofile regime relative to the macroasperities, the first series of waveforms having anodic voltages applied for anodic time periods before cathodic voltages applied for cathodic time periods to effect part surface smoothing to a first surface roughness with minimal material removal and applying a final waveform where the diffusion layer represents a microprofile regime, the final waveform having a final anodic voltage applied for a final anodic time period before a final cathodic voltage applied for a final cathodic time period to effect part surface smoothing to a final surface roughness with minimal material removal.
The problem of high rate electrodeposition of metals such as copper during electrowinning operations or high rate charging of lithium or zinc electrodes for rechargeable battery applications while avoiding the adverse effects of dendrite formation such as causing short-circuiting and/or poor deposit morphology is solved by pulse reverse current electrodeposition or charging whereby the forward cathodic (electrodeposition or charging) pulse current is “tuned” to minimize dendrite formation for example by creating a smaller pulsating boundary layer and thereby minimizing mass transport effects leading to surface asperities and the subsequent reverse anodic (electropolishing) pulse current is “tuned” to eliminate the micro- and macro-asperities leading to dendrites.
A system and method of operating an electrochemical mirror for reversibly controlling the propagation of electromagnetic radiation. The mirror preferably includes a first electrode transmissive substrate which is substantially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation, a second electrode, and an electrolyte containing metal ions between the pair of electrodes. A first cathodic potential is applied across the electrodes to cause the metal ions from the electrolyte to electrodeposit a mirror film on the first electrode transmissive substrate. A second anodic potential is applied across the electrodes to oxidize and strip the metallic mirror film from the first electrode transmissive electrode. After a plurality of deposition and stripping cycles, a cleaning cycle is initiated to remove undissolved reflective material on the first electrode preferably by applying a third potential across the first and second electrodes which is increased to a fourth potential and then decreased back to the third potential.
G02F 1/1506 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect based on electrodeposition, e.g. electrolytic deposition of an inorganic material on or close to an electrode
G02F 1/163 - Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cellsCircuit arrangements therefor
C25D 5/18 - Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
G02F 1/1523 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
14.
Apparatus for recovery of material generated during electrochemical material removal in acidic electrolytes
A system for recycling machined metal produced by an electrochemical material removal process. The system includes a machining unit and an electrowinning unit. The machining unit includes an anode to receive a workpiece, a cathode tool, and a first pulse generator to provide a voltage or current waveform between the anode and the cathode tool. The electrowinning unit includes an electrowinning cathode, an electrowinning anode, and a second pulse generator to provide a voltage or current waveform between the electrowinning anode and the electrowinning cathode. The machining unit is in fluid communication with the electrowinning unit.
C25C 1/08 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese of nickel or cobalt
C25C 1/12 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of copper
C25C 1/24 - Alloys obtained by cathodic reduction of all their ions
A method for recycling metallic material produced by an electrochemical material removal process. The method includes flowing an electrolyte solution between an anode workpiece and a cathode tool in a first electrolytic process, the first electrolytic process including applying a first electrolytic current and voltage between the anode workpiece and the cathode tool and thereby causing metal ions to be removed from the anode workpiece and dissolved and substantially retained in the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution with the metal ions therein is passed between an electrowinning cathode and an electrowinning anode in a second electrolytic process, the second electrolytic process including applying a second electrolytic current and voltage between the electrowinning cathode and the electrowinning anode and thereby causing the metal ions to be removed from the electrolyte solution and deposited onto the electrowinning cathode.
A method for recycling metallic material produced by an electrochemical material removal process. The method includes flowing an electrolyte solution between an anode workpiece and a cathode tool in a first electrolytic process, the first electrolytic process including applying a first electrolytic current and voltage between the anode workpiece and the cathode tool and thereby causing metal ions to be removed from the anode workpiece and dissolved and substantially retained in the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution with the metal ions therein is passed between an electrowinning cathode and an electrowinning anode in a second electrolytic process, the second electrolytic process including applying a second electrolytic current and voltage between the electrowinning cathode and the electrowinning anode and thereby causing the metal ions to be removed from the electrolyte solution and deposited onto the electrowinning cathode.
C25C 1/06 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese
C25C 1/08 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese of nickel or cobalt
A method and apparatus for electromechanical grinding is provided. An pulsed alternating waveform is applied between an anodic workpiece and cathodic grinding wheel to physically remove and electrochemically remove material from the anodic workpiece.
A layer of chromium metal is electroplated from trivalent chromium onto an electrically conducting substrate by immersing the substrate and a counter electrode in a electroplating bath and passing a modulated electric current between the electrodes. In one embodiment, the current contains pulses that are cathodic with respect to said substrate and in another embodiment the current contains pulses that are cathodic and pulses that are anodic with respect to said substrate. The cathodic pulses have a duty cycle greater than about 80%.
An apparatus for the concentration of suspended algae particles in an aqueous solution. The apparatus includes an electrolytic cell containing at least an anode and a cathode, and a filter. The electrolytic cell receives a solution containing suspended algae particles therein. A power supply is near the filter. A zone of depleted suspended algae particles is near the filter, formed under the influence of an applied electric field from the power supply.
A method and system for electrochemically machining a hollow body of a metal or a metal alloy. An electrode is positioned within a hollow body including a metal or metal alloy, where the hollow body has a variable internal diameter. The hollow body is oriented vertically, with the electrode oriented vertically therein. The hollow body is at least partially filled with an aqueous, acidic electrolyte solution, the electrolyte solution being devoid of hydrofluoric acid and having a viscosity less than 15 cP. An electric current is passed between the hollow body and the electrode, where the electric current includes a plurality of anodic pulses and a plurality of cathodic pulses, and where the cathodic pulses are interposed between at least some of the anodic pulses.
H01L 39/00 - Devices using superconductivity or hyperconductivity; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof
B23H 3/00 - Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
C25F 3/26 - Polishing of heavy metals of refractory metals
H01L 39/24 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of devices provided for in group or of parts thereof
H05H 7/20 - CavitiesResonators with superconductive walls
21.
ELECTROPOLISHING OF SUPERCONDUCTIVE RADIO FREQUENCY CAVITIES
An electrochemical finishing system for super conducting radio frequency (SCRF) cavities including a low viscosity electrolyte solution that is free of hydrofluoric acid, an electrode in contact with the electrolyte solution, the SCRF cavity being spaced apart from the electrode and in contact with the electrolyte solution and a power source including a first electrical lead electrically coupled to the electrode and a second electrical lead electrically coupled to the cavity, the power source being configured to pass an electric current between the electrode and the workpiece, wherein the electric current includes anodic pulses and cathodic pulses, and wherein the cathodic pulses are interposed between at least some of the anodic pulses. The SCRF cavity may be vertically oriented during the finishing process.
An electrochemical finishing system for super conducting radio frequency (SCRF) cavities including a low viscosity electrolyte solution that is free of hydrofluoric acid, an electrode in contact with the electrolyte solution, the SCRF cavity being spaced apart from the electrode and in contact with the electrolyte solution and a power source including a first electrical lead electrically coupled to the electrode and a second electrical lead electrically coupled to the cavity, the power source being configured to pass an electric current between the electrode and the workpiece, wherein the electric current includes anodic pulses and cathodic pulses, and wherein the cathodic pulses are interposed between at least some of the anodic pulses. The SCRF cavity may be vertically oriented during the finishing process.
H01L 39/00 - Devices using superconductivity or hyperconductivity; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof
C25F 3/26 - Polishing of heavy metals of refractory metals
H01L 39/24 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of devices provided for in group or of parts thereof
H05H 7/20 - CavitiesResonators with superconductive walls
23.
Electrolytic system and method for filtering an aqueous particulate suspension
An electrolytic filtration method and apparatus for the concentration and collection of suspended particulates from aqueous solutions is disclosed. The electrolytic cell contains at least an anode and a cathode, and in one embodiment contains a plurality of anodes and cathodes. The electrolytic cell also contains a filter, and in one embodiment the filter is a moving belt filter. While not bound by theory, the electrolytic filtration method and apparatus is based on the electrophoretic movement of algae particles suspended in an aqueous solution away from the filter under the influence of an electric field. In one embodiment the electric field is a pulsed waveform with unidirectional voltage or current pulses. In another embodiment, the electric field is a pulsed waveform with bidirectional voltage or current pulses.
An electrochemical machining system for metals and alloys having a strongly passivating character including an electrolyte solution that is free of hydrofluoric acid, an electrode in contact with the electrolyte solution, a workpiece spaced apart from the electrode and in contact with the electrolyte solution and a power source including a first electrical lead electrically coupled to the electrode and a second electrical lead electrically coupled to the workpiece, the power source being configured to pass an electric current between the electrode and the workpiece, wherein the electric current includes anodic pulses and cathodic pulses, and wherein the cathodic pulses are interposed between at least some of the anodic pulses.
A method and apparatus for establishing more uniform deposition across one or more faces of a workpiece in an electroplating process. The apparatus employs eductors in conjunction with a flow dampener member and other measures to provide a more uniform current distribution and a more uniform metal deposit distribution as reflected in a coefficient of variability that is lower than conventional processes.
A method for depositing a metal onto a substrate including the steps of providing a plating bath including ions of the metal, positioning the substrate in the plating bath, positioning at least one counter electrode in the plating bath, performing a first electrolytic process for a predetermined first period of time, performing a second electrolytic process for a predetermined second period of time and looping between the first and second electrolytic processes to form a coating of the metal on the substrate.
A method and apparatus for establishing more uniform deposition across one or more faces of a workpiece in an electroplating process. The apparatus employs eductors in conjunction with a flow dampener member and other measures to provide a more uniform current distribution and a more uniform metal deposit distribution as reflected in a coefficient of variability that is lower than conventional processes.
A method for electrochemically plating tin or tin alloy onto a workpiece to provide a tin or tin alloy deposit on said workpiece having a stress differential and workpieces characterized by a tin or tin alloy deposit having a stress differential.
plating machines; etching machines; reel to reel processing machines; coating evaluation machines; recycling machines; power supply machines; and water intrusion control machines
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Prototype fabrication of new products for others in the field of electrochemical engineering technology applications Technical consultation, engineering, and research for new products and processes for others in the field of electrochemical engineering technology applications, namely, electroplating, electropolishing, electrochemical planarization, electrochemical etching, electrocatalyzation, electrophoretic deposition, and electrochemical machining in the nature of edge finishing, surface finishing, radiusing and deburring; Technical consultation, engineering, and research for new products and processes for others in the field of electrochemical engineering technology applications, namely, electrochemical grinding, electrowinning, electrokinetics technology, and electrochemical treatments of effluents, soils, concrete, and porous materials incorporating chemical adsorption; Technical consultation, engineering, and research for new products and processes for others in the field of electrochemical engineering technology applications, namely, sensing, monitoring, mitigating, evaluating, and testing of corrosion phenomena
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Prototype fabrication of new products for others in the field of electrochemical engineering technology applications Technical consultation, engineering, and research for new products and processes for others in the field of electrochemical engineering technology applications, namely, electroplating, electropolishing, electrochemical planarization, electrochemical etching, electrocatalyzation, electrophoretic deposition, and electrochemical machining in the nature of edge finishing, surface finishing, radiusing and deburring; Technical consultation, engineering, and research for new products and processes for others in the field of electrochemical engineering technology applications, namely, electrochemical grinding, electrowinning, electrokinetics technology, and electrochemical treatments of effluents, soils, concrete, and porous materials incorporating chemical adsorption; Technical consultation, engineering, and research for new products and processes for others in the field of electrochemical engineering technology applications, namely, sensing, monitoring, mitigating, evaluating, and testing of corrosion phenomena
