The invention relates to a solar collector having a two-dimensional curvature of the concentrator (49) with a number of concentration facets (50 - 85), and an absorber arrangement for the concentrated solar radiation, said concentrator (49) generates, when in operation, several focal points on different areas and the absorber arrangement is active for all focal points. The concentrated radiation can be adapted to the structural conditions of the absorber arrangement, such that the losses in said absorber arrangement are prevented or reduced.
F24S 23/71 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
F24S 23/79 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
F24S 20/20 - Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
2.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CONCRETE WORKPIECE PRESTRESSED BY A REINFORCEMENT, AND CONCRETE WORKPIECE PRESTRESSED BY A REINFORCEMENT
The method according to the invention for producing a prestressed concrete workpiece is characterized in that the prestress is created by a heat treatment, wherein the concrete and the reinforcement therefor are selected in such a way that, when cooling the concrete workpiece from an elevated temperature, the heat expansion coefficient of the concrete is less than that of the reinforcement, and in that, during cooling, the concrete and the reinforcement adhere sufficiently strongly to one another if, during cooling, the concrete is hydrated at least to such an extent in order to be able to expand the reinforcement on account of the different heat expansion coefficients, and in that the concrete, together with the reinforcement, is brought to the elevated temperature in such a way that and is hydrated during cooling at least to such an extent that it is prestressed by the reinforcement after cooling.
E04C 3/26 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members prestressed
E04C 5/07 - Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
E04C 5/08 - Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
B28B 23/04 - Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
19 - Non-metallic building materials
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Installations for the generation of electrical current from
solar radiation and parts thereof; solar collectors for the
exploitation of light (photovoltaic), in particular for use
in power plants and for decentralized use; solar collectors
for the generation of electrical current; optical
concentrators for the concentration of light, parts of such
optical concentrators; optical concentrators for the
concentration of light made of plastic membranes, parts of
optical concentrators; receivers for the exploitation of
concentrated light (photovoltaic); receivers for the
exploitation of concentrated light into electrical currents
as part of a solar collector (photovoltaic); frameworks for
solar collectors including metallic materials (photovoltaic)
and parts thereof, non-metallic frameworks for solar
collectors (photovoltaic); tracers of the position of the
sun for solar collectors and secondary concentrators as
components of solar collectors (photovoltaic); electrical
controls for the operation of solar collectors
(photovoltaic) and the parts thereof; electrical controls
for the operation of solar collectors and receivers;
software for the operation of solar power plants, solar
collectors, tracers, concentrators, receivers, heat flow
management accumulators; tracers of the position of the sun
for solar collectors and secondary concentrators as
components of thermal solar collectors. Installations for the generation of heat and cold and parts
thereof; solar collectors for the provision of heat, in
particular for the use in power plants and for decentralized
use; receivers for the reception of heat from concentrated
solar rays as a component of a thermic solar collector;
frameworks for solar collectors including metallic materials
and parts thereof, non-metallic frameworks for solar
collectors and parts thereof; controls for the operation of
solar collectors and the parts thereof; heat accumulators in
particular for the heat generated by solar collectors and
parts thereof; heat accumulators for power plants; solar
collectors for heat generation. Construction elements made of concrete for the building of
solar collectors and heat accumulators; pretensioned
elements made of concrete; concentrators made of concrete,
frameworks for solar collectors made of concrete and parts
thereof. Engineering services for building and operating
installations for the use of solar energy and components
thereof; engineering services for research, planning,
establishing projects and designing of solar collectors for
the provision of heat (thermal) or light (photovoltaic) for
stand-alone use or for use in power plants; engineering
services for the provision of process heat, heat for heating
and heat for the generation of electric current; engineering
services for heat storage and the construction and operation
of heat accumulators; engineering services for the
construction and operation of components of solar
collectors, such as concentrators, parts of concentrators,
thermal receivers, photovoltaic receivers and hybrid
receivers; engineering services for the construction of
frameworks for solar collectors; engineering services for
the design of controls for the operation of solar
collectors, tracers of solar collectors and of heat
accumulators and components thereof; engineering services
for the construction of frameworks for solar collectors;
engineering services for the construction and the use of
pneumatic supports; engineering services for the
construction of pneumatic dams, in particular for the
protection against flood; engineering services for the
construction and use of pneumatic utility objects and
pneumatic elements of all kinds; engineering services for
research, planning, establishing projects and designing of
transportable and stationary constructions like shelters,
halls and bridges, in particular of constructions including
pneumatic structures, pneumatic supports, pneumatic utility
objects and pneumatic elements.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
19 - Non-metallic building materials
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Installations for the generation of electrical current from
solar radiation and parts thereof; solar collectors for the
exploitation of light (photovoltaic), in particular for use
in power plants and for decentralized use; solar collectors
for the generation of electrical current; optical
concentrators for the concentration of light, parts of such
optical concentrators; optical concentrators for the
concentration of light made of plastic membranes, parts of
optical concentrators; receivers for the exploitation of
concentrated light (photovoltaic); receivers for the
exploitation of concentrated light into electrical currents
as part of a solar collector (photovoltaic); frameworks for
solar collectors including metallic materials (photovoltaic)
and parts thereof, non-metallic frameworks for solar
collectors (photovoltaic); tracers of the position of the
sun for solar collectors and secondary concentrators as
components of solar collectors (photovoltaic); electrical
controls for the operation of solar collectors
(photovoltaic) and the parts thereof; electrical controls
for the operation of solar collectors and receivers;
software for the operation of solar power plants, solar
collectors, tracers, concentrators, receivers, heat flow
management accumulators; tracers of the position of the sun
for solar collectors and secondary concentrators as
components of thermal solar collectors. Installations for the generation of heat and cold and parts
thereof; solar collectors for the provision of heat, in
particular for the use in power plants and for decentralized
use; receivers for the reception of heat from concentrated
solar rays as a component of a thermic solar collector;
frameworks for solar collectors including metallic materials
and parts thereof, non-metallic frameworks for solar
collectors and parts thereof; controls for the operation of
solar collectors and the parts thereof; heat accumulators in
particular for the heat generated by solar collectors and
parts thereof; heat accumulators for power plants; solar
collectors for heat generation. Construction elements made of concrete for the building of
solar collectors and heat accumulators; pretensioned
elements made of concrete; concentrators made of concrete,
frameworks for solar collectors made of concrete and parts
thereof. Engineering services for building and operating
installations for the use of solar energy and components
thereof; engineering services for research, planning,
establishing projects and designing of solar collectors for
the provision of heat (thermal) or light (photovoltaic) for
stand-alone use or for use in power plants; engineering
services for the provision of process heat, heat for heating
and heat for the generation of electric current; engineering
services for heat storage and the construction and operation
of heat accumulators; engineering services for the
construction and operation of components of solar
collectors, such as concentrators, parts of concentrators,
thermal receivers, photovoltaic receivers and hybrid
receivers; engineering services for the construction of
frameworks for solar collectors; engineering services for
the design of controls for the operation of solar
collectors, tracers of solar collectors and of heat
accumulators and components thereof; engineering services
for the construction of supports for solar collectors;
engineering services for the construction and the use of
pneumatic supports; engineering services for the
construction of pneumatic dams, in particular for the
protection against flood; engineering services for the
construction and use of pneumatic utility objects and
pneumatic elements of all kinds; engineering services for
research, planning, establishing projects and designing of
transportable and stationary constructions like shelters,
halls and bridges, in particular of constructions including
pneumatic structures, pneumatic supports, pneumatic utility
objects and pneumatic elements.
The invention relates to a concentrator having segments in the shape of an arc of a circle, the focal areas of which segments do not coincide, and an aplanatic two-mirror system which can be implemented thereby for the concentration of solar radiation. An aplanatic two-mirror system having only one segment in the shape of an arc of a circle is likewise shown. A method for producing the concentrators according to the invention is based on the analytical equation of the concentrators, wherein the equation is broken down into sections and a segment in the shape of an arc of a circle is inscribed in each section, the radius of curvature of the segment corresponding to a mean value of the radii of curvature of the analytically defined concentrator in the respective section.
F24S 23/79 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
Disclosed is a non-parabolic concentrator which is designed to achieve the maximum possible concentration Cg for concave collectors with a rim angle Φ and an acceptance angle Θi. A method for producing a concentrator of this type uses a differential function u to determine the concentrator cross-section z(x) in such a way that the maximum geometric concentration Cg can be achieved. In a preferred embodiment, the concentrator according to the invention has circular arc segments.
The invention relates to a compressed air energy storage system comprising a pressure accumulator (2) for gas to be stored under pressure, and a heat accumulator (27) for storing the compression heat that has accumulated during charging of the pressure accumulator (2), wherein the heat accumulator (27) is arranged ready for use in an overpressure zone (31). Said arrangement enables a structurally simple heat accumulator to be provided, since said heat accumulator is not loaded by the pressure of the gas passing therethrough.
F16D 31/02 - Fluid couplings or clutches with pumping sets of the volumetric type, i.e. in the case of liquid passing a predetermined volume per revolution using pumps with pistons or plungers working in cylinders
F02C 6/16 - Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
F15B 1/02 - Installations or systems with accumulators
F02C 6/14 - Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
F28D 20/00 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in generalRegenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or
F02C 1/05 - Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
8.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR UTILIZING THE HEAT OF A SOLAR POWER PLANT
The present invention relates to a method for utilizing heat by a solar power plant, wherein heat is collected in the field of collectors (2) and is stored in a heat accumulator (5) and supplied for utilization to a downstream utilization unit (25), and wherein the pressure in the heat accumulator during the utilization of the heat is held substantially at the pressure level that corresponds to the input pressure of the downstream utilization unit. A solar power plant for performing this method has a heat accumulator, which stores heat generated by the solar field, and a pipe arrangement which connects the solar field, the heat accumulator and a unit for utilizing the heat to one another so as to be capable of operation and is designed for an operating mode of charging the heat accumulator and for an operating mode of discharging same. The heat accumulator is arranged in an overpressure zone that can be put under changing, predetermined pressure during operation.
F01K 3/12 - Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having two or more accumulators
F03G 6/00 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
F02C 1/05 - Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
The trough collector as per the invention comprises a pivotable support structure for a concentrator, which structure is mounted on the ground by means of a bearing that has at least one bearing unit, which is designed to allow at least one relative movement of the support structure relative to the ground, which movement occurs in addition to and independently of the pivoting of the support structure. A simple and cost-efficient support structure of the trough collector can thus be produced, which support structure allows for thermal expansion of the trough collector relative to the ground while simultaneously providing protection against seismic movements, such as earthquakes.
The method according to the invention envisages passing the heat-storing fluid that has been preheated in a preheating temperature zone through a latent heat store, the PCM (Phase Change Material) of which is at its melting temperature, and so the fluid can be extracted from the heat store at the melting temperature thereof, and consequently at a constant temperature, irrespective of the preheating temperature. The heat store according to the invention has a main heat store (15, 22) and a latent heat store (16), which are connected in series for the throughflow of a heat-transporting fluid by an arrangement for passing the fluid through the heat store (5, 20), wherein the passage arrangement is designed for a discharging operating mode, in which the latent heat store (16) lies at the outlet of the heat store (5, 20) in such a way that fluid that is discharged from the latter to the outside is at the current temperature of a PCM provided in the latent heat store (16).
The invention relates to an elongated absorber arrangement for a trough collector, which is exposed to concentrated radiation over its length during operation, and which has means for transporting a heat transfer fluid through the absorber arrangement. The absorber arrangement has at least one fluid-free absorber space for concentrated radiation, which has a thermal opening leading to the interior thereof and walls for absorbing the heat that is incident on it. The means for transporting the fluid have a feed-line arrangement and a discharge-line arrangement, which are operationally connected to one another by a heat exchanger arrangement through which fluid flows, wherein said heat exchanger arrangement extends over the length of the absorber arrangement, is designed for the fluid to flow through as a transverse flow in relation to the length of the absorber arrangement and is thermally connected to the at least one absorber space in such a way that the fluid is heated during operation in the transverse flow from an inlet temperature to the operating temperature and reaches the discharge-line arrangement at this temperature.
F24J 2/07 - Receivers working at high temperature, e.g. for solar power plants
F24J 2/24 - the working fluid being conveyed through tubular heat absorbing conduits
F24J 2/00 - Use of solar heat, e.g. solar heat collectors (distillation or evaporation of water using solar energy C02F 1/14;roof covering aspects of energy collecting devices E04D 13/18;devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G 6/00;semiconductor devices specially adapted for converting solar energy into electrical energy H01L 31/00;photovoltaic [PV] cells including means directly associated with the PV cell to utilise heat energy H01L 31/525;PV modules including means associated with the PV module to utilise heat energy H02S 40/44)
F24J 2/14 - semi-cylindrical or cylindro-parabolic
The invention relates to a trough collector (1) with a primary concentrator (2), which concentrates solar radiation into a focal line region, with an arrangement (56) for secondary concentration of the solar rays reflected by the primary concentrator (2), which concentrates these rays further into focal point regions (47). The arrangement (56) for secondary concentration has multiple rows (60, 61, 62) of secondary concentrators (40), which have the same alignment in one row but a differing alignment from row to row. Furthermore, means (58) are provided for keeping one of the rows (60, 61, 62) in an operating position and the other rows in a rest position. Consequently, each of the rows (60, 61, 62) can be assigned a range of the skew angle and, if this angle changes, a different row can be brought into the operating position.
F24S 23/74 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
F24S 23/79 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
13.
PRESSURISED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN WHICH THE HEAT ACCUMULATOR IS ARRANGED IN AN OVERPRESSURE ZONE
The invention relates to a compressed air energy storage system comprising a pressure accumulator (2) for gas to be stored under pressure, and a heat accumulator (27) for storing the compression heat that has accumulated during charging of the pressure accumulator (2), wherein the heat accumulator (27) is arranged ready for use in an overpressure zone (31). Said arrangement enables a structurally simple heat accumulator to be provided, since said heat accumulator is not loaded by the pressure of the gas passing therethrough.
The invention relates to a trough collector comprising a number of secondary concentrators, by which the solar radiation concentrated by the concentrator of the trough collector in a first direction transverse to the length thereof is concentrated in a second direction running along the trough collector, wherein the secondary concentrators each have a first, front reflecting wall and a second, rear reflecting wall which concentrate the radiation in the second direction, and wherein the secondary concentrators are arranged such as to be synchronously pivotable with one another, preferably about a respective pivot axis fixed with respect to the primary concentrator, such that as the position of the sun changes, the secondary concentrators can always be oriented in accordance with the incident radiation. The invention is characterised in that the first and the second reflecting wall of the secondary concentrators have different lengths in the entry region of the radiation, such that a longer reflecting wall of one secondary concentrator lies in each case next to a shorter reflecting wall of the adjacent secondary concentrator. The secondary concentrators can thereby be arranged side by side without a gap, yet remain pivotable over a range of minus 20 degrees to plus 70 degrees with respect to the primary concentrator.
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
15.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE REFLECTION PROPERTIES OF A REFLECTOR
The invention comprises a method and an apparatus for gauging a reflector for radiation during operation of said reflector, in which method, in order to determine the present reflection properties of the reflector in a number of at least one measurement point provided in the path of the radiation reflected by the reflector, the pattern of predetermined properties of the presently reflected radiation is measured and compared with a predetermined reference pattern, wherein a conclusion is drawn from the comparison on the present geometric properties of the reflector and, in the event of undesirable geometric properties, corresponding operational parameters of the reflector are altered. Preferably, this method is used in trough collectors for solar power plants in order to gauge flexible concentrators arranged in a pressure cell during operation of said concentrators.
G01M 11/00 - Testing of optical apparatusTesting structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
G02B 7/28 - Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals
G02B 26/08 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
G02B 7/183 - Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prismsMountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for mirrors for mirrors specially adapted for very large mirrors, e.g. for astronomy
F24J 2/38 - employing tracking means (F24J 2/02, F24J 2/06 take precedence;rotary supports or mountings therefor F24J 2/54;supporting structures of photovoltaic modules for generation of electric power specially adapted for solar tracking systems H02S 20/32)
The invention relates to a trough collector having a focal area and an absorber tube arranged in the focal area, said absorber tube having an insulating area that extends from its outer surface to the inside, enclosing preferably a transport channel that runs through the absorber tube along its length and carries a heat-transporting medium, and is penetrated by at least one thermal opening that extends radially from the outside through the insulating area to the transport channel. According to the invention, the at least one thermal opening comprises a constriction for radiation passing through it, the focal area being located in the constriction. The invention also relates to an absorber tube for a trough collector. Moreover, the application relates to a trough collector comprising a linear concentrator.
F24J 2/24 - the working fluid being conveyed through tubular heat absorbing conduits
F24J 2/38 - employing tracking means (F24J 2/02, F24J 2/06 take precedence;rotary supports or mountings therefor F24J 2/54;supporting structures of photovoltaic modules for generation of electric power specially adapted for solar tracking systems H02S 20/32)
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
17.
SOLAR COLLECTOR HAVING A CONCENTRATOR ARRANGEMENT FORMED FROM SEVERAL SECTIONS
The additional concentrators of a second concentrator arrangement in a linear concentrator, which is designed as a trough concentrator, allow the concentrated radiation to be concentrated in focal point areas with the result that a higher concentration of radiation and thus higher temperatures can be achieved in the absorber tube. In order to reduce the heat losses in the absorber tube, which are increasing exponentially due to the higher temperatures, an absorber arrangement is provided in synergy, which comprises rows of individual thermal openings, said rows being located next to one another.
F24J 2/24 - the working fluid being conveyed through tubular heat absorbing conduits
F24J 2/38 - employing tracking means (F24J 2/02, F24J 2/06 take precedence;rotary supports or mountings therefor F24J 2/54;supporting structures of photovoltaic modules for generation of electric power specially adapted for solar tracking systems H02S 20/32)
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
According to the invention, the side wall (21) of a heat store (20) is supported in turn by a supporting bulk material (23) and is preferably inclined, such that the side wall (21) is subject to substantially less stress and can be produced from non-metallic material, such as concrete, for example. This type of heat store can be produced simply and cost-effectively and also permits long-term storage of large amounts of heat at high temperatures.
The invention relates to a parabolic collector (1) for concentrating solar radiation, comprising a reflecting surface (7) that approximates an ideal paraboloid and that has a number of individual collectors (5). According to the invention, individual collectors having a pressure cell (12) having a concentrator made of a flexible film (14) are provided, wherein the concentrator is curved differently in a predetermined manner in a first and in a second direction under operating pressure conditions to approximate the ideal paraboloid in such a way that the radius of curvature in the first direction is greater than the radius of curvature in the second direction. The production method for such a concentrator is characterized in that the outline of the individual collectors is designed within the footprint of the parabolic collector, wherein the true mass of the individual collectors is determined from the intersection of cylinders standing on the footprint with the paraboloid of the parabolic collector.
The absorber pipe 10 according to the invention has a thermal opening 14, on which means are provided which reduce the radiation 26 emitted to the outside by the absorbing surface 13 based on the operating temperature thereof at an increased rate as the operating temperature rises.
F24S 20/20 - Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
F24S 10/55 - Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations
F24S 23/71 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
F24S 23/74 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
The solar collector according to the invention comprises a membrane arrangement (41) having zones (70, 71, 72) with different spherical curvatures such that the concentrator membrane (42), which is covered with a reflecting layer, approximates a parabolic shape in an optimal way and therefore has an optimally small focal point region or focal line region.
F24S 10/70 - Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
F24S 23/71 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
F24S 23/74 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
The invention relates to a trough collector (1) for a solar power plant, comprising a mount (34) carrying a supporting structure (30), means disposed on the supporting structure (30) for providing heat originating from incident solar radiation, and a pivot device (40) that is fixed to the supporting structure (30) and is used to pivot the supporting structure (30) with respect to the mount (34), wherein the centroidal axis (36) of the supporting structure (30) equipped with the means for providing the heat is located outside the pivot axis of the supporting structure (30), and wherein the pivot device (40) is configured such that the centroidal axis (39) of the fully equipped supporting structure (30) is located in the region of a fixed pivot axis (35). In this way, a simple, cost-effective, and zero-backlash pivot drive for the trough collector is obtained.
