Goods & Services

Downloadable and recorded software for satellite command and control; Downloadable and recorded software for flight control; Downloadable and recorded software for ground terminal control; Downloadable and recorded software for data processing; Downloadable and recorded software for autonomous operations of space vehicles and satellites

Goods & Services

Downloadable and recorded software for satellite command and control; Downloadable and recorded software for flight control; Downloadable and recorded software for ground terminal control; Downloadable and recorded software for data processing; Downloadable and recorded software for autonomous operations of space vehicles and satellites

Abstract

An accelerometer includes a vacuum chamber to receive one or more pairs of laser beams and a nanoparticle. Each laser beam includes an axis and a focus having three dimensions. The nanoparticle is trapped in an oscillating state in a substantially overlapping three-dimensional foci of the one or more pairs of laser beams. A processor calculates an acceleration of the nanoparticle based on changes in position of the oscillating nanoparticle. At least one photodetector identifies spatial coordinates of the oscillating nanoparticle. The at least one photodetector includes a plurality of photodetectors that are aligned to sense interference between light from a first laser beam and light from the first laser beam that is scattered by the oscillating nanoparticle. The one or more pairs of laser beams may be collinear. The one or more pairs of laser beams may be configured to point at each other.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01P 15/093 - Measuring accelerationMeasuring decelerationMeasuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces with conversion into electric or magnetic values by photoelectric pick-up
• H03B 17/00 - Generation of oscillations using a radiation source and a detector
• H03L 7/26 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference

Abstract

A counter-swarm firework includes a shell casing, multiple streamers positioned in the shell casing, a burst charge positioned in the shell casing and configured to disperse the multiple streamers from the shell casing when discharged, a pusher plate positioned in the shell casing between the burst charge and the multiple streamers, a fire suppressant layer positioned between the burst charge and the pusher plate, and a kick charge configured to launch the shell casing and its contents prior to discharging the burst charge. The fire suppression layer may be configured to suppress heat generated by the discharge of the burst charge.

IPC Classes  ?

• F41H 11/00 - Defence installationsDefence devices Means for clearing or detecting landmines
• F42B 4/00 - Fireworks, i.e. pyrotechnic devices for amusement, display, illumination, or signal purposes

Goods & Services

Business operation and administration services for others of ground-based observations, space-based observations and atmospheric science observations; Operation and administration services for others of contamination control systems for contamination-sensitive space hardware Custom manufacturing for others of instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe, namely, infrared sensors, hyper-spectral sensors, ultra-violet sensors, visible light sensors, hyper temporal sensors and polarimetric sensors; Custom manufacturing for others of spacecraft and payloads; Custom manufacturing for others of contamination-sensitive space hardware; Custom fabrication of space vehicles and parts and fittings therefor; Custom fabrication of satellites and parts and fittings therefor; Custom 3D printing Designing, engineering and testing services for others of instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe and atmospheric science observations, namely, infrared sensors, hyper-spectral sensors, ultra-violet sensors, visible light sensors, hyper temporal sensors, polarimetric sensors, data compression and visualization systems; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of cryogenics and thermal management systems; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of space-based structures; Designing, engineering and testing services in the field of vehicle environment interaction being rendezvous, proximity and control; Calibration services for others of instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight investigation or observation of the universe and for atmospheric science observations, namely, infrared sensors, hyper-spectral sensors, ultra-violet sensors, visible light sensors, hyper temporal sensors, polarimetric sensors, stray light analysis and on-orbit performance assessment and validation of space-based sensors; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of software for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe and atmospheric science observations; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of spacecraft, and payloads; Data acquisition and collection for calibration and testing purposes relating to instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe and atmospheric science observations; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of contamination-sensitive space hardware; Scientific consulting services relating to the management and operation services for others of ground-based observations and space-based observations and atmospheric science observations; Scientific consulting services relating to the management and operation services for others of contamination control systems for contamination-sensitive space hardware; Thermal engineering services; Thermal vacuum testing services; Scientific vibration testing services; Flight equipment testing services; Technology consultation in the field of cybersecurity; Engineering services in the field of cybersecurity

Goods & Services

Business operation and administration services for others of ground-based observations, space-based observations and atmospheric science observations; Operation and administration services for others of contamination control systems for contamination-sensitive space hardware Custom manufacturing for others of instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe, namely, infrared sensors, hyper-spectral sensors, ultra-violet sensors, visible light sensors, hyper temporal sensors and polarimetric sensors; Custom manufacturing for others of spacecraft and payloads; Custom manufacturing for others of contamination-sensitive space hardware; Custom fabrication of space vehicles and parts and fittings therefor; Custom fabrication of satellites and parts and fittings therefor; Custom 3D printing Designing, engineering and testing services for others of instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe and atmospheric science observations, namely, infrared sensors, hyper-spectral sensors, ultra-violet sensors, visible light sensors, hyper temporal sensors, polarimetric sensors, data compression and visualization systems; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of cryogenics and thermal management systems; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of space-based structures; Calibration services for others of instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight investigation or observation of the universe and for atmospheric science observations, namely, infrared sensors, hyper-spectral sensors, ultra-violet sensors, visible light sensors, hyper temporal sensors, polarimetric sensors, stray light analysis and on-orbit performance assessment and validation of space-based sensors; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of spacecraft, and payloads; Data acquisition and collection for calibration and testing purposes relating to instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe and atmospheric science observations; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of contamination-sensitive space hardware; Scientific consulting services relating to the management and operation services for others of ground-based observations and space-based observations and atmospheric science observations; Scientific consulting services relating to the management and operation services for others of contamination control systems for contamination-sensitive space hardware; Thermal engineering services; Thermal vacuum testing services; Scientific vibration testing services; Flight equipment testing services; Technology consultation in the field of cybersecurity; Engineering services in the field of cybersecurity

Goods & Services

Custom fabrication of space vehicles and parts and fittings therefor; Custom fabrication of satellites and parts and fittings therefor; Custom 3D printing Thermal engineering services; Thermal vacuum testing services; Scientific vibration testing services; Flight equipment testing services; Technology consultation in the field of cybersecurity; Engineering services in the field of cybersecurity

Abstract

For model predictive control for a spacecraft formation, a method calculates a virtual point that represents a plurality of spacecraft orbiting in a spacecraft formation. The method calculates an outer polytope boundary and an inner polytope boundary relative to the virtual point for a given spacecraft of the plurality of spacecraft. The method maneuvers the given spacecraft to within the inner polytope boundary using model predictive control (MPC) to minimize fuel consumption.

IPC Classes  ?

• B64G 1/24 - Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control
• G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators

Abstract

For model predictive control for a spacecraft formation, a method calculates a virtual point that represents a plurality of spacecraft orbiting in a spacecraft formation. The method calculates an outer polytope boundary and an inner polytope boundary relative to the virtual point for a given spacecraft of the plurality of spacecraft. The method maneuvers the given spacecraft to within the inner polytope boundary using model predictive control (MPC) to minimize fuel consumption.

IPC Classes  ?

• B64G 1/24 - Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control

Abstract

For determining a communication window is disclosed, a method generates a communication graph that includes backbone nodes, dummy nodes, data collection nodes, downlink nodes, crosslink send nodes, and crosslink receive nodes. The backbone nodes, the data collection nodes, the downlink nodes, the crosslink-transmit nodes, and the crosslink-receive nodes are connected by one of a homogenous edge between nodes of a same type and transition edges between nodes of a different type. The method determines access windows for downlink communications and crosslink communications using the communication graph. The method selects access windows based on a task graph generated from the communication graph. The method communicates from a given satellite within the selected access windows.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 41/14 - Network analysis or design
• H04B 7/185 - Space-based or airborne stations
• H04W 74/00 - Wireless channel access

Abstract

An interferometer includes a coherent light source and an array of electrically coupled light-sensitive pixel elements. The interferometer is configured to direct an internal optical path of the coherent light source and an external optical path of the coherent light source into a monolithic unit cell. In addition, the monolithic unit cell is configured to direct the internal optical path first through the monolithic unit cell and then onto the array and also configured to direct the external optical path back outside the monolithic unit cell through an external environment and then back into the monolithic unit cell and finally onto the array. In addition, interferometer is further configured to combine the internal optical path and the external optical path at the array and produce a first interferogram on the array, the interferogram characterizing an optical property of the external environment.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 9/02015 - Interferometers characterised by the beam path configuration
• G01J 3/02 - SpectrometrySpectrophotometryMonochromatorsMeasuring colours Details
• G01B 9/02 - Interferometers
• G02B 6/293 - Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means

Abstract

A uniaxial optical multi-measurement imaging system includes an imaging lens column having an optical axis and configured to receive light from a scene from a single viewpoint. The imaging system also includes a light redistribution optic (LRO) in the shape of a thin pyramid shell with an apex. The LRO is centered along the optical axis with the apex pointing towards the imaging lens column. The LRO has planar sides with each side angled 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis and configured to reflect and transmit the light. The imaging system also includes a circumferential filter array (CFA) concentrically located around the LRO. The CFA is configured to filter the light reflected from or transmitted through the LRO. The imaging system includes multiple image sensors, each positioned to receive the light reflected from or transmitted through the LRO.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 3/00 - Simple or compound lenses
• G02B 5/20 - Filters
• H04N 5/225 - Television cameras

Abstract

In embodiments, a uniaxial optical multi-measurement sensor comprises a sensor housing having a center axis and a cylindrical surface and an array of electrically coupled light-sensitive pixel elements attached to the cylindrical surface. Each pixel element is positioned having its light-sensitive side facing towards the center axis. In this embodiment, a conical light redistribution optic is positioned along the center axis to direct or reimage uncollimated light entering the sensor housing onto the pixel elements. Also, in this embodiment, the pixel elements are positioned relative to the light redistribution optic to measure or image two or more properties of the uncollimated light entering the sensor housing of a single scene and from a single viewpoint.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 21/21 - Polarisation-affecting properties
• G01J 4/04 - Polarimeters using electric detection means

Abstract

An aperture stop exploitation camera comprises an imaging lens column positioned along an optical axis and configured to transmit light from a scene from a single viewpoint and converge the light as it passes through the aperture stop. Also, the camera comprises a light redistribution optic (LRO) that is a thin V-shape having an apex. The LRO is centered along the optical axis with the apex pointing towards the imaging lens column. The LRO has two planar sides with each side angled 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis and each side configured to reflect and transmit the light transmitted from the imaging lens column into three independent, spatially separate images, each retaining all the spectral, polarimetric, and relative intensity information of the light from the scene. The camera comprises three image sensors, each image sensor positioned to receive one of the three independent, spatially separate images.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04N 5/225 - Television cameras
• G03B 17/17 - Bodies with reflectors arranged in beam forming the photographic image, e.g. for reducing dimensions of camera

Abstract

For generating a points-of-interest plan, a method generates communication graph nodes for at least one satellite. The method calculates communication graph edges from the communication graph nodes, wherein the communication graph nodes and the communication graph edges comprise a communication graph. The method solves the communication graph to yield a communication plan. The method generates a points-of-interest plan from the communication plan.

IPC Classes  ?

• B64G 3/00 - Observing or tracking cosmonautic vehicles
• G06F 9/48 - Program initiatingProgram switching, e.g. by interrupt

Abstract

A counter-swarm firework includes a shell casing, multiple streamers positioned in the shell casing, a burst charge positioned in the shell casing and configured to disperse the multiple streamers from the shell casing when discharged, a pusher plate positioned in the shell casing between the burst charge and the multiple streamers, a fire suppressant layer positioned between the burst charge and the pusher plate, and a kick charge configured to launch the shell casing and its contents prior to discharging the burst charge. The fire suppression layer may be configured to suppress heat generated by the discharge of the burst charge.

IPC Classes  ?

• F41H 11/00 - Defence installationsDefence devices Means for clearing or detecting landmines
• F42B 4/00 - Fireworks, i.e. pyrotechnic devices for amusement, display, illumination, or signal purposes

Abstract

A hybrid propulsion system includes a housing, at least two electrodes, a solid-grain fuel material, a combustion chamber, an oxidizer port, and a nozzle. The housing has a first end and a second end and defines a cavity. The electrodes extend into the cavity. The fuel material is free of an oxidizer and is positioned in the cavity. The fuel material has a combustion surface and is exposed to the electrodes. The combustion chamber is defined between the combustion surface and the second end. The oxidizer port provides a flow of oxidizer to the combustion chamber. The nozzle is positioned at the second end. Combustion of the fuel material in the combustion chamber may be dominated by radiative heat transfer. Combustion of the fuel material in the combustion chamber may generate thrust of no more than 5 N at an oxidizer flow rate of no more than 5 g/s.

IPC Classes  ?

• B64G 1/40 - Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
• F02K 9/72 - Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant thereforControl thereof using liquid and solid propellants, i.e. hybrid rocket-engine plants

Abstract

A hybrid propulsion system includes a housing, at least two electrodes, a solid-grain fuel material, a combustion chamber, an oxidizer port, and a nozzle. The housing has a first end and a second end and defines a cavity. The electrodes extend into the cavity. The fuel material is free of an oxidizer and is positioned in the cavity. The fuel material has a combustion surface and is exposed to the electrodes. The combustion chamber is defined between the combustion surface and the second end. The oxidizer port provides a flow of oxidizer to the combustion chamber. The nozzle is positioned at the second end. Combustion of the fuel material in the combustion chamber may be dominated by radiative heat transfer.

IPC Classes  ?

• B64G 1/40 - Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
• B64G 1/10 - Artificial satellitesSystems of such satellitesInterplanetary vehicles
• F02K 9/95 - Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant thereforControl thereof characterised by starting or ignition means or arrangements
• F02K 9/34 - CasingsCombustion chambersLiners thereof

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for object detection are described. An example method for object detection is provided which may include capturing at least three polarization angles of a scene. The method may include translating polarization parameters associated with the at least three polarization angles to a reference angle to create a vector map and resolving the vector map into parallel components and perpendicular components, wherein the parallel components are parallel to a plane of incidence of light in the scene and the perpendicular components are perpendicular. The method may further include determining a range map based at least in part on the parallel and perpendicular components, detecting an object present in the scene using the range map and an airlight scattering polarization component, and outputting an indication of the object.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06K 9/00 - Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints
• G06T 7/593 - Depth or shape recovery from multiple images from stereo images
• G06T 7/536 - Depth or shape recovery from perspective effects, e.g. by using vanishing points

Abstract

For power-enhanced slew maneuvers, a method determines a power collection function for a satellite. The method determines a power cost function for the satellite. The method calculates a power enhanced slew maneuver based on the power collection function and the power cost function.

IPC Classes  ?

• B64G 1/24 - Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control

Abstract

A system includes a vacuum chamber to receive a laser beam and a charged nanoparticle. The nanoparticle oscillates at a trapping frequency in a focus of the laser beam. Resonant oscillation of the nanoparticle is driven by a presence of an ambient electric field adjacent to the vacuum chamber. The system also includes a controller to tune the trapping frequency of an oscillating nanoparticle to be in resonance with the ambient electric field causing on-resonant enhancement of the system; a detector to detect positional changes of the oscillating nanoparticle; and a processor to calculate an electromagnetic force of the ambient electric field based on the positional changes of the oscillating nanoparticle.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01P 3/36 - Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
• B82Y 35/00 - Methods or apparatus for measurement or analysis of nanostructures
• G01N 27/414 - Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
• H03B 17/00 - Generation of oscillations using a radiation source and a detector

Abstract

A hybrid propulsion system includes a housing, at least two electrodes, a solid-grain fuel material, a combustion chamber, an oxidizer port, and a nozzle. The housing has a first end and a second end and defines a cavity. The electrodes extend into the cavity. The fuel material is free of an oxidizer and is positioned in the cavity. The fuel material has a combustion surface and is exposed to the electrodes. The combustion chamber is defined between the combustion surface and the second end. The oxidizer port provides a flow of oxidizer to the combustion chamber. The nozzle is positioned at the second end. Combustion of the fuel material in the combustion chamber may be dominated by radiative heat transfer. Combustion of the fuel material in the combustion chamber may generate thrust of no more than 5 N at an oxidizer flow rate of no more than 5 g/s.

IPC Classes  ?

• B64G 1/40 - Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
• F02K 9/72 - Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant thereforControl thereof using liquid and solid propellants, i.e. hybrid rocket-engine plants

Abstract

For measuring an area of interest based on a sensor task and/or routing sensor data, a method discovers a network topology for a network comprising a plurality of network nodes connected by links. The method dynamically generates a minimum spanning tree from the network topology. Given sensor data traverses one link of the minimum spanning tree only once. The method routes a sensor task to a sensor with a sensor motion track that includes an area of interest. The method measures the area of interest with the sensor based on the sensor task. The method routes sensor data from the measurement of the area of interest via links of the minimum spanning tree.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 12/00 - Data switching networks
• H04L 12/753 - Routing tree discovery, e.g. converting from mesh topology to tree topology
• H04L 12/755 - Topology update consistency, e.g. link state advertisement [LSA], time stamping or sequence numbers in the updates
• G16Y 40/10 - DetectionMonitoring
• G16Y 40/60 - PositioningNavigation
• H04L 12/733 - Selecting a path with minimum length or minimum hop count

Abstract

An alkali-metal dispenser to dispense highly pure rubidium in a high-vacuum environment while not negatively impacting the high-vacuum pressure level. The alkali-metal dispenser is operable in various vapor-deposition applications or to provide a highly pure elemental-alkali metal in cold-atom magneto-optical traps.

IPC Classes  ?

• C23C 14/14 - Metallic material, boron or silicon
• C01B 32/156 - After-treatment
• C01B 32/20 - Graphite
• C01B 32/215 - PurificationRecovery or purification of graphite formed in iron making, e.g. kish graphite
• C01D 17/00 - Rubidium, caesium, or francium compounds
• C22B 26/00 - Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
• C22B 26/10 - Obtaining alkali metals
• C22F 1/02 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
• C23C 14/26 - Vacuum evaporation by resistance or inductive heating of the source

Abstract

A three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D GMOT) configured to trap a cold-atom cloud is disclosed. The 3D GMOT includes a single input light beam having its direction along a first axis, an area along a second and third axis that are both normal to the first axis, and a substantially flat input light beam intensity profile extending across its area. The 3D GMOT may also include a circular, diffraction-grating surface positioned normal to the first axis and having closely adjacent grooves arranged concentrically around a gap formed in its center. The circular, diffraction-grating surface is configured to diffract first-order light beams that intersect within an intersection region that lies directly above the gap and suppresses reflections and diffractions of all other orders. The 3D GMOT may further include a quadrupole magnetic field with its magnitude being zero within the intersection region.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05H 3/00 - Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular or atomic beams
• H05H 3/04 - Acceleration by electromagnetic wave pressure
• H05H 3/02 - Molecular or atomic-beam generation, e.g. resonant beam generation
• G02B 27/42 - Diffraction optics
• G21K 1/00 - Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating

Goods & Services

Arranging and conducting technical conferences and exhibitions for educational purposes in the field of small satellites and providing educational materials in conjunction therewith

Goods & Services

Arranging and conducting technical conferences and exhibitions for educational purposes in the field of small satellites and providing educational materials in conjunction therewith

Goods & Services

Assembly services for others of instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe, namely, infrared sensors, hyper-spectral sensors, ultra-violet sensors, visible light sensors, hyper temporal sensors and polarimetric sensors; Assembly services for others of sounding rockets, spacecraft and payloads; Assembly services for others of contamination-sensitive space hardware Operation and administration services for others of ground-based observations, space-based observations and atmospheric science observations; Operation and administration services for others of contamination control systems for contamination-sensitive space hardware Designing, engineering and testing services for others of instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe and atmospheric science observations, namely, infrared sensors, hyper-spectral sensors, ultra-violet sensors, visible light sensors, hyper temporal sensors, polarimetric sensors, data compression and visualization schemes; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of space agriculture modules and cryogenics and thermal management systems; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of space-based structures; Designing, engineering and testing services in the field of vehicle environment interaction; Calibration services for others of instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight investigation or observation of the universe and for atmospheric science observations, namely, infrared sensors, hyper-spectral sensors, ultra-violet sensors, visible light sensors, hyper temporal sensors, polarimetric sensors, stray light analysis and on-orbit performance assessment and validation of space-based sensors; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of software for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe and atmospheric science observations; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of sounding rockets, spacecraft, and payloads; Data acquisition and collection relating to instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe and atmospheric science observations; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of contamination-sensitive space hardware; Scientific consulting services relating to the management and operation services for others of ground-based observations and space-based observations and atmospheric science observations; Scientific consulting services relating to the management and operation services for others of contamination control systems for contamination-sensitive space hardware

Goods & Services

Management and operation services for others of ground-based observations and space-based observations and atmospheric science observations; Management and operation services for others of contamination control systems for contamination-sensitive space hardware Assembly services for others of instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe, namely infrared sensors, hyper-spectral sensors, ultra-violet sensors, visible light sensors, hypertemporal sensors and polarimetric sensors; Assembly services for others of sounding rockets, spacecraft and payloads; Assembly services for others of contamination-sensitive space hardware Designing, engineering and testing services for others of instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe and atmospheric science observations, namely infrared sensors, hyper-spectral sensors, ultra-violet sensors, visible light sensors, hypertemporal sensors, polarimetric sensors, data compression and visualization schemes; designing, engineering and testing services for others of space agriculture modules and cryogenics and thermal management systems; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of space-based structures; Designing, engineering and testing services in the field of vehicle environment interaction; Calibration services for others of instruments and systems for ground-based and in-flight investigation or observation of the universe and for atmospheric science observations, namely infrared sensors, hyper-spectral sensors, ultra-violet sensors, visible light sensors, hypertemporal sensors, polarimetric sensors, stray light analysis and on-orbit performance assessment and validation of space-based sensors; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of software for ground-based and in-flight observation of the universe and atmospheric science observations; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of sounding rockets, spacecraft, and payloads; collection and analysis of data collected by spacecraft; Designing, engineering and testing services for others of contamination-sensitive space hardware