Abstract

The present invention relates to a sprayed polyurethane thermal insulation material for a cold-region tunnel, a use thereof, and a construction method therefor. Raw materials of the thermal insulation material are composed of material A and material B at a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2. In parts by mass, material A comprises 90-100 parts of a polyether polyol, 90-100 parts of a polyester polyol, 5-10 parts of a chain extender, 1-4 parts of a catalyst, 10-20 parts of a flame retardant, 0.5-3 parts of water, and 1-3 parts of a surfactant. Component B is diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The flame retardant is flame retardant A and flame retardant B at a mass ratio of 10:1-2.5. The sprayed polyurethane thermal insulation material of the present invention is used to construct a cold-region tunnel structure, and has good flame retardant and thermal insulation effects. The tunnel structure construction method makes layers be tightly fitted, which prevents the entry of air and water to the maximum extent and reduces the damage of frost heaving force from infiltrating water.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09D 175/04 - Polyurethanes
• E21D 11/38 - WaterproofingHeat insulatingSoundproofingElectric insulating
• C09D 5/18 - Fireproof paints
• C08G 18/32 - Polyhydroxy compoundsPolyaminesHydroxy amines
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 18/76 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic

Abstract

The invention discloses a blockchain-based intrusion detection system for railway signal, which is built on a blockchain's distributed chain structure, without a central, trusted control center. This design mitigates the vulnerabilities associated with centralized intrusion detection centers. Additionally, by utilizing a blockchain-based distributed structure, it also eliminates the risk of a single point of failure for the intrusion detection center. Moreover, the data within the blockchain-based intrusion detection system is highly resistant to malicious tampering. This is achieved by leveraging the consensus mechanism inherent in the blockchain, which can achieve consensus among intrusion detection nodes. The current invention solves the internal evil attacks and avoid the inability to reach consensus between nodes due to internal evil, thereby affecting the intrusion detection performance; at the same time, the intrusion detection model can resist external network attacks.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
• H04L 9/40 - Network security protocols

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a rigidity evaluation method for a ballast track of a railway. The method comprises: performing a rigidity test on a standard ballast bed block by means of a laboratory test, and drawing a load-displacement curve of the standard ballast bed block; on the basis of the load-displacement curve, performing fitting to obtain a relationship function regarding the rigidity of a ballast bed and a test scalar; according to the relationship function, obtaining a rigidity evaluation standard based on the test scalar; performing a drop hammer test on a track under test, and calculating a test scalar of said track according to a drop hammer test result; and evaluating a rigidity state of said track on the basis of the test scalar of said track and the rigidity evaluation standard. The rigidity evaluation method for a ballast track of a railway provided in the present invention solves the problems in the prior art whereby only the rigidity of a ballast bed support can be tested, the calculation amount is large and the efficiency is low, and same achieves the aim of rapidly and efficiently evaluating the rigidity of a ballast bed support and a track system.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 3/303 - Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force generated only by free-falling weight

Abstract

An elevation-adjustable subgrade structure and an adjusting method using same. The elevation-adjustable subgrade structure comprises a jacking raft (1) arranged between a supporting layer (3) and a subgrade bed bottom layer (4), wherein one or more jacking units (2) are arranged between the jacking raft (1) and the subgrade bed bottom layer (4), and the jacking raft (1) comprises a structural layer with a certain thickness and has a certain bending strength and punching shear strength. By means of the elevation-adjustable subgrade structure, a subgrade is divided into an upper portion and a lower portion by means of pre-embedding the jacking raft (1), such that when the subgrade is subjected to settlement deformation, the jacking raft (1) is lifted, and the space below the jacking raft (1) is filled with foamed lightweight soil that serves as a filling layer, thereby compensating for the settlement deformation of the subgrade; and when the subgrade is subjected to overarching deformation, a lowering adjustment operation is carried out on a track structure by means of removing the filling layer with a certain thickness below the jacking raft (1), and a convenient maintenance operation means is formed by organically combining structural measures and height adjustment techniques, thereby fundamentally solving the problems of post-construction deformation control, maintenance and treatment of a ballastless track subgrade of a high-speed railway.

IPC Classes  ?

• E01B 29/04 - Lifting or levelling of tracks
• E01B 2/00 - General structure of permanent way

Abstract

A test device for rigid-flexible characteristics of a rigid-flexible transition overhead conductor rail, includes a movable vehicle moved in a length extending direction of the overhead conductor rail. A telescopic mechanism for providing lifting force for the overhead conductor rail is mounted on the movable vehicle and stretches out and draws back in a vertical direction, and a conversion plate is connected to a top end of the telescopic mechanism and synchronously moved in the vertical direction therewith. A sliding assembly is mounted at a top of the conversion plate and slides along the overhead conductor rail with the movable vehicle. The overhead conductor rail is located over the sliding assembly which abuts against a bottom wall of the overhead conductor rail. A force sensor is arranged between the telescopic mechanism and the conversion plate. A displacement detection mechanism is arranged on the conversion plate.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01D 21/02 - Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
• G01S 17/08 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only

Abstract

A method and device of multi-train operation trend deduction. Temporary speed limit information, scheduling information, line information and train status information are obtained; the coupling relationship between the trains traction calculation and the area of space-time scope which is under temporary speed limit are analyzed, and the time saving driving strategy of the first train within the time domain is calculated; according to the running position and speed of the front train, a multi-train operation tracking model under different block systems is established; according to the temporary speed limit information, the driving strategy of following tracking train is deduced, and the operation of the multi-train is calculated; the operation trend of multi-train to the driving scheduling platform is sent.

IPC Classes  ?

• B61L 27/00 - Central railway traffic control systemsTrackside controlCommunication systems specially adapted therefor
• B61L 27/12 - Preparing schedules
• B61L 27/16 - Trackside optimisation of vehicle or train operation

Abstract

A rigidity and flexibility test device for a rigid-flexible transition busbar and a test method thereof. The rigidity and flexibility test device comprises a moving vehicle (9) capable of moving in the length extending direction of a rigid-flexible transition busbar (1); a stretchable/retractable mechanism (8) for providing a lifting force for the rigid-flexible transition busbar (1) is mounted on the moving vehicle (9); the stretchable/retractable mechanism (8) stretches/retracts in a vertical direction; a converter board (4) moving in the vertical direction synchronously with the stretchable/retractable mechanism (8) is connected to the top end of the stretchable/retractable mechanism (8); a sliding assembly (2) is mounted at the top of the converter board (4); the sliding assembly (2) slides along the rigid-flexible transition busbar (1) with the moving vehicle (9); the rigid-flexible transition busbar (1) is located above the sliding assembly (2), and the sliding assembly (2) abuts against the bottom wall of the rigid-flexible transition busbar (1); a force sensor (5) used for measuring the lifting force and adjusting same to be constant is arranged between the stretchable/retractable mechanism (8) and the converter board (4); a displacement detection mechanism (3) used for monitoring the vertical distance from the converter board (4) to the ground is arranged on the converter board (4). Compared with a static load mode in the prior art, the lifting amount of the rigid-flexible transition busbar (1) during actual use is restored more realistically.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01M 13/00 - Testing of machine parts
• B60M 1/20 - Arrangements for supporting or suspending trolley wires, e.g. from buildings
• G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups

Abstract

An integrated railway movement dispatching and train operation control method, comprising: sensing in-transit information of a signal system; constructing an integrated railway movement dispatching and train operation control minimum system; optimizing a time-saving train driving strategy online; optimizing a multi-train driving strategy in a virtual formation mode; and generating an integrated railway movement dispatching and train operation control adjustment solution. By means of the present invention, in a traditional signal system architecture, an integrated railway movement dispatching and train operation control decision maker is added, and is used for receiving in-transit information of each signal system and calculating a train diagram and a multi-train target speed curve under an integration requirement, thereby reducing the work intensity and improving the railway operation efficiency; by means of a time-saving train driving strategy online optimization method based on an expert rule, the online real-time adjustment of a driving strategy is realized, and state information of a train in a future operation district is predicted; and in a virtual formation mode, by means of a multi-train driving strategy optimization method, an integrated railway movement dispatching and train operation control adjustment solution is generated in real time.

IPC Classes  ?

• B61L 27/10 - Operations, e.g. scheduling or time tables
• B61L 27/04 - Automatic systems, e.g. controlled by trainChange-over to manual control

Abstract

A loading and reinforcing device for transporting a 50-meter-long rail by a meter-gauge railway, comprising a first container flatcar (1), a second container flatcar (2), a third container flatcar (3) and a fourth container flatcar (4) sequentially connected in series. The first container flatcar (1), the second container flatcar (2), the third container flatcar (3) and the fourth container flatcar (4) are each installed with two seat frames (5) on inner sides of four central container turn locks; a seat frame (5) on the second container flatcar (2) and a seat frame (5) on the third container flatcar (3) are each equipped with a locking device to improve the safety of 50-meter-long rail transportation.

IPC Classes  ?

• B61D 3/16 - Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads

Abstract

The present invention relates to a design method for a ballastless track subgrade structure of a high-speed railway, comprising: providing a simplified ballastless track load distribution model; establishing a dynamic modulus-strain relationship model of a coarse particle subgrade filler; performing uniformization treatment on a support layer, a subgrade bed surface layer, and a subgrade bed bottom layer by using the modulus and thickness equivalent assumption of the Odemark method, and using the Boussinesq formula to compute the stress and the strain of a subgrade starting from the support layer; considering the nonlinear relationship of the strain-deformation modulus of the subgrade filler, and constructing a subgrade structure design method based on iterative computation; and according to the dynamic deformation of a subgrade surface and the dynamic strain control criterion of the subgrade bed bottom layer, optimizing a subgrade structure. The design method of the present invention is directed to the ballastless track subgrade structure, can more reasonably represent a subgrade load distribution law, reflects the influence of the nonlinear relationship of the strain-deformation modulus of the subgrade filler on the stress and strain computation of the subgrade, and improves the precision degree of the subgrade bed structure design of a ballastless track subgrade.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 30/20 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation

Abstract

Disclosed is a fully-ecological slope spray-seeding construction method, comprising first cleaning a slope, and then covering the slope with soil; laying a coconut shred net on the slope and fixing same to the slope by means of wooden nails or bamboo nails; mixing and spraying a matrix onto the slope covered with the coconut shred net by means of soil dressing; covering the sprayed matrix with a grass mat; and laying an irrigation system. Further disclosed is a fully-ecological slope spray-seeding structure. The whole construction process is green and environmentally-friendly.

IPC Classes  ?

• A01G 20/10 - Pre-cultivated sod or turfApparatus therefor
• A01G 22/00 - Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
• A01G 17/00 - Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
• A01G 22/40 - Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
• A01G 22/60 - FlowersOrnamental plants
• A01G 24/00 - Growth substratesCulture mediaApparatus or methods therefor
• A01G 24/10 - Growth substratesCulture mediaApparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
• A01G 25/02 - Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
• E02D 5/74 - Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
• E02D 17/20 - Securing of slopes or inclines

Abstract

A boltless fastener assembly for a heavy haul railway with an axle load of 35-40 tons includes a pre-embedded steel holder, an e-clip, an insulated gauge block and a rubber pad. A clamping leg-heel end of the e-clip is provided with an L-shaped retaining end. The pre-embedded steel holder is improved to adapt to the e-clip, and an opening is formed at a portion of the pre-embedded steel holder close to the clamping leg-heel end of the e-clip, so that the e-clip can be installed normally. During normal installation, the L-shaped retaining end of the e-clip does not contact the pre-embedded steel holder. When the rail undergoes large torsional deformation, the L-shaped retaining end on one side of a rail moves upward to contact an upper edge of the opening of the pre-embedded steel holder or engages with a second heel end.

IPC Classes  ?

• E01B 9/30 - Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members by resilient steel clips
• E01B 9/68 - Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair

Abstract

A fiber-reinforced prestressed reinforced concrete sleeper is integrally cast and includes a sleeper body and two rail bearing regions. A rail clamping base is arranged on a surface of the each rail bearing region. The two rail bearing regions are located under rails on both sides of the sleeper and the two rail bearing regions are located above the sleeper body. A reinforcing fiber is mixed into the two rail bearing regions only, and a reinforcing rib is arranged in the sleeper body. The reinforcing fiber is concentrated in a main stress region under the surface of the rail bearing regions. The reinforcing fiber arranged in a region with a large stress is more than the reinforcing fiber arranged in a region with a small stress.

IPC Classes  ?

• E01B 3/34 - Transverse or longitudinal sleepersOther means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone with armouring or reinforcement with pre-tensioned armouring or reinforcement
• E01B 3/42 - Transverse or longitudinal sleepersOther means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone combined with inserts of wood or other material

Abstract

An improved process of an acid sulphate soil roadbed filling. An inorganic binder calcium carbonate is added to improve an acid sulphate soil and control the moisture content of a filling before blending, such that the acid sulphate soil can reach the requirements for compactness and strength and can be used for roadbed filling. When a road or railroad bed is built in an acid sulphate-rich area, the improved acid sulphate soil is effectively utilized as a roadbed filling, so that earth replacement filling and long-distance transportation and excavated material disposal are avoided to a great extent and earthwork engineering cost is saved.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 17/06 - Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
• C09K 103/00 - Civil engineering use
• C09K 109/00 - MATERIALS FOR APPLICATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FORAPPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR pH regulation

Abstract

Provided is a bolted fastener assembly suitable for a heavy haul railway with an axle load of 35-40 tons. The bolted fastener assembly is composed of a T-shaped bolt (3), a nut (5), a flat washer (6), an elastic strip (4), an insulating gauge block (7), a railway subplate (2) and a pre-embedded iron base (1). The pre-embedded iron base (1) is embedded in advance in a concrete foundation, the T-shaped bolt (3) is mounted on the pre-embedded iron base (1) to fasten the elastic strip (4), the insulating gauge block (7) is provided between a steel rail and the pre-embedded iron base (1), and meanwhile left and right positions of the steel rail are adjusted by changing the insulating gauge blocks (7) of different thicknesses, and then the railway subplate (2) is provided under the railway to provide elasticity in a fastener system. Through the structure, all functions of an existing bolted fastener can be achieved, fewer parts are provided, the structure is simple, and maintenance operation is convenient.

IPC Classes  ?

• E01B 9/48 - Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps by resilient steel clips
• E01B 9/30 - Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members by resilient steel clips

Abstract

A steel-concrete composite beam structure suitable for a heavy haul railway. A steel main beam (3) is connected to a deck slab (2) by means of studs or shear studs (8). The steel main beam (3) adopts an I-shaped profile steel having a variable cross-section. The height of an end beam is less than that of an intermediate beam. The variable cross-section adopts arc transition. A lateral combination is provided between the I-shaped profile steels for connection. The composite beam is simple in structure and high in lateral rigidity, is convenient to maintain, and thus is suitable for different heights at piers.

IPC Classes  ?

• E01D 19/00 - Details of bridges

Abstract

A boltless fastener assembly suitable for a heavy-duty railway with an axle load of 35 to 40 tons. The boltless fastener assembly comprises a pre-embedded steel seat (1), an e-shaped elastic bar (2), an insulated rail gauge block (3), and a rubber spacer (4). A fastening and pressing arm end of the e-shaped elastic bar (2) is provided with an L-shaped blocking end (7). The pre-embedded steel seat (1) is improved with respect to the e-shaped elastic bar (2), and a hole (6) is provided in a portion of the pre-embedded steel seat (1) near the fastening and pressing arm end of the e-shaped elastic bar (2), such that the improved e-shaped elastic bar (2) can be mounted normally. During mounting, the L-shaped blocking end (7) of the e-shaped elastic bar (2) does not make contact with the pre-embedded steel seat (1), such that the mounting and force-bearing of the elastic bar (2) are not affected. When relatively large torsional deformation occurs on a steel rail, the L-shaped blocking end (7) on one side of the steel rail moves upwards and makes contact with an upper edge of the hole (6) of the pre-embedded steel seat, or the L-shaped blocking end (7) on one side of the steel rail engages with a second arm end (8) and generates a relatively large resistance force, so as to protect the steel rail against torsional deformation, thereby eliminating a situation in which the elastic bar (2) fails due to excessive deformation.

IPC Classes  ?

• E01B 9/48 - Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps by resilient steel clips

Abstract

Disclosed is a fiber-reinforced prestressed reinforced concrete sleeper. The sleeper is integrally pouring molded and comprises: a sleeper body (3) and rail bearing areas (2), wherein steel rail clamping seats are arranged on the surfaces of the rail bearing areas (2), and there are two rail bearing areas (2) respectively located under a steel rail on two sides of the sleeper and located above the sleeper body (3). A fiber-reinforced material is only added into the rail bearing areas (2), reinforcement ribs are configured in the sleeper body (3) and the fiber-reinforced material is mainly disposed in a main stressed area under a steel rail bearing face. The fiber material is designed to be added into a specific area during the production of a concrete sleeper, thereby improving the wear-resistant property and the crack-resistant property of concrete, being well-adapted to a stressed condition of the sleeper, so that the service life of the concrete sleeper is increased and the stability of running of a railway is improved.

IPC Classes  ?

• E01B 3/28 - Transverse or longitudinal sleepersOther means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone
• E01B 3/32 - Transverse or longitudinal sleepersOther means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone with armouring or reinforcement
• E01B 3/34 - Transverse or longitudinal sleepersOther means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone with armouring or reinforcement with pre-tensioned armouring or reinforcement

Abstract

3 and a fiber content greater than 60% is manufactured.

IPC Classes  ?

• B29C 70/08 - Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, with or without non-reinforced layers
• C08G 18/08 - Processes
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08J 5/04 - Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
• C08J 9/00 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof
• E01B 3/44 - Transverse or longitudinal sleepersOther means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from other materials only if the material is essential
• B29C 70/28 - Shaping operations therefor
• C08G 101/00 - Manufacture of cellular products

Abstract

Disclosed is a corrugated plate assembly (100) for supporting for tunnels, comprising a plurality of corrugated plate units (110) connected to each other in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The longitudinal edge of each corrugated plate unit is provided with a first connecting plate (321) for connecting the corrugated plate units to each other in the longitudinal direction.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21D 11/15 - Plate liningsLaggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
• E01F 5/00 - Draining the sub-base of roads or ballastway of railways by trenches, culverts, or conduits

Abstract

A foam light soil railway subgrade structure. In the subgrade structure, a frame is constructed by using autoclaved aerated concrete blocks (6), and foam light soil (3) is poured into the frame, wherein the frame is constructed by using the autoclaved aerated concrete blocks (6) with the density of 400-500 kg/m3, the foam light soil (3) with the wet density of 550-600 kg/m3is poured to form an upper light soil (3) subgrade in the railway subgrade, and the foam light soil (3) with the wet density of 500-550 kg/m3 is poured to form a lower light soil (3) subgrade in the railway subgrade. Also provided is a construction method for the subgrade structure.

IPC Classes  ?

• E01B 2/00 - General structure of permanent way
• E01C 3/00 - Foundations for pavings

Abstract

Provided are a high-fiber-content fiber-reinforced rigid polyurethane foam composite railway sleeper and a method for manufacturing same; the sleeper is formed by adhesively bonding a plurality of high-fiber-content fiber-reinforced rigid polyurethane foam composite panels (10) by means of a binder (11), and the outer surface of the sleeper is provided with an anti-corrosion paint film (12); the high-fiber-content fiber-reinforced rigid polyurethane foam composite panels (10) employ polyurethane resin as a matrix material and fiber as a reinforcing material. Using such technical means as a low-hydroxyl and low-functionality hybrid polyether polyol and a coupling agent solves the problem of insufficient impregnation of polyurethane resin with reinforcing fiber, thereby increasing the reinforcing-fiber content; it is thus possible to manufacture a fiber-reinforced rigid polyurethane foam material product having a density higher than 840 kg/m3 and a reinforcing-fiber content of more than 60%, compensating for the technical deficiency of fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam composite panels, making their product specifications and performance more diverse, and satisfying different technical requirements.

IPC Classes  ?

• E01B 3/44 - Transverse or longitudinal sleepersOther means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from other materials only if the material is essential
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers

Abstract

Provided are a high-fiber-content fiber-reinforced rigid polyurethane foam composite panel and method for manufacturing same; polyurethane resin is employed as a matrix material; comprised are a hybrid polyether polyol, a fire retardant, a hard-foam stabilizing agent, a coupling agent, a catalyst, a blowing agent, an antioxidant, an anti-UV agent, and isocyanate; fiber is employed as a reinforcing material and its content is greater than 60%. Using such technical means as a low-hydroxyl and low-functionality hybrid polyether polyol and a coupling agent solves the problem of insufficient impregnation of polyurethane resin with reinforcing fiber, thereby increasing the reinforcing-fiber content; it is thus possible to manufacture a fiber-reinforced rigid polyurethane foam material product having a density higher than 840 kg/m3 and a reinforcing-fiber content of more than 60%, compensating for the technical deficiency of fiber-reinforced polyurethane hard-foam composite panels, making their product specifications and performance more diverse, and satisfying different technical requirements.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08K 13/04 - Ingredients characterised by their shape and organic or inorganic ingredients
• C08K 7/14 - Glass
• C08K 7/06 - Elements
• C08J 5/04 - Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material

Abstract

Disclosed is a continuous measurement method for a wheel rail vertical force. In a first unit measurement area, a second unit measurement area and a first-second compound measurement area formed by the first unit measurement area and the second unit measurement area, the method comprises: using the measurement results of a first and a second shearing force (Q1, Q2) measurement point, and of a vertical supporting force (Nj) measurement point of a rail sleeper between the first and second shearing force (Q1, Q2) measurement points to obtain a wheel rail vertical force (F1) applied to the first unit measurement area; using the measurement results of the second and a third shearing force (Q2, Q3) measurement point, and of a vertical supporting force (Nj) measurement point of the rail sleeper between the second and third shearing force (Q2, Q3) measurement points to obtain a wheel rail vertical force (F2) applied to the second unit measurement area; obtaining the wheel rail vertical force applied to the first-second compound measurement area; and combining the wheel rail vertical forces applied by wheel pairs to the first unit measurement area, the second unit measurement area and the first-second compound measurement area to obtain a continuous wheel rail vertical force of the wheel pairs. Further disclosed is a fully continuous ground measurement system for a wheel rail vertical force.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01L 5/00 - Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
• G01M 5/00 - Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or aircraft wings