This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for electromechanical systems (EMS) devices with a plurality of electrically isolated electrode segments each connected to a distinct thin film transistor (TFT), where a plurality of TFTs drive the EMS device by applying a common voltage to the plurality of electrode segments. The plurality of TFTs can be configured to allow each electrode segment to have its own voltage during actuation. The EMS device can include a substrate, a stationary electrode over the substrate, and a movable electrode over the stationary electrode with a gap defined between the stationary electrode and the movable electrode. At least one of the stationary electrode and the movable electrode includes the plurality of electrode segments. The plurality of TFTs and the plurality of electrode segments can increase the stable range of the EMS device.
G02B 26/00 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
G02B 26/08 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
2.
ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS DEVICE WITH HINGES FOR REDUCING TILT INSTABILITY
This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for reducing tilt instability in an electromechanical systems (EMS) device, where the EMS device includes a plurality of hinges supporting a movable mirror over a stationary electrode and having identical hinge lengths. The EMS device can include a plurality of first anchor points providing connection at the substrate and a plurality of second anchor points providing connection at the movable mirror. Each of the hinges can be positioned between paired first and second anchor points and symmetrically arranged about the center of the movable mirror. In some implementations, the plurality of first anchor points and the plurality of second anchor points can be defined by a single mask.
Various implementations described herein involve interferometric modulators (IMODs), which may be single-mirror IMODs (SMIs). Such IMODs may include an absorber stack and a mirror stack. The absorber stack and the mirror stack may define a gap therebetween and may be capable of being positioned in a plurality of positions relative to one another to form a plurality of gap heights. A hinge area may physically connect the mirror stack and an anchor area. Some such IMODs have hinge areas without any metal layer. However, the hinge area may be capable of forming an electrical connection with at least one metal layer of the mirror stack. For example, such IMODs may have a hinge area that includes a non-metal conductor.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for reducing leakage in a driver circuit. In one aspect, the driver circuit may operate in a scanning time and an idle time. The driver circuit may update display elements during the scanning time. During the idle time, inputs to the driver circuit may be configured to be floating to reduce leakage.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G11C 19/28 - Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using semiconductor elements
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a display drive scheme without a reset. In one aspect, a first voltage can be applied to an electrode of a display unit to position a movable element from a first position towards a second position, and a second voltage can be applied to the electrode of the display unit to position the movable element to the second position.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
6.
CREEP RESISTANT REFLECTIVE STRUCTURE IN MEMS DISPLAY
This disclosure provides devices, systems, and methods for improving creep resistance and mechanical strength of a MEMS display device. The MEMS display device can include a movable reflective structure connected and supported by a support structure. The movable reflective structure can include at least a transition metal layer sandwiched between two aluminum or aluminum alloy layers. The aluminum or aluminum alloy layers can be doped with the transition metal upon annealing. The transition metal layer between the aluminum or aluminum alloy layers can control the mechanical, optical, and electrical properties of the MEMS display device.
This disclosure provides devices, systems, and methods for reducing substrate warpage in a display device. In one aspect, the display device includes a device substrate and a cover substrate, where the device substrate includes one or more display elements and the cover substrate includes a device cavity extending partially through the cover substrate. At least one of the display elements may be sealed by a primary seal in contact with and between the cover substrate and the device substrate to define a device area. A dummy area outside of the device area may be defined between the primary seal and a secondary seal, where the secondary seal is also in contact with and between the cover substrate and the device substrate. The display device may further include a dummy cavity extending partially through the cover substrate in the dummy area.
G02B 26/08 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
G02B 26/00 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
This disclosure provides systems and apparatus for an arrangement of pixels and interconnects in a display. In one aspect, interconnect for the arrangement of pixels may be routed to reduce parasitic capacitance.
G09G 3/36 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for light-guiding layers including asymmetrical light-turning features. In one aspect, the asymmetrical light-turning features may include a leading edge oriented at an angle which turns light out of the light-guiding layer, and a near-vertical trailing edge which reduces light leakage from the light-guiding layer. In another aspect, the asymmetrical light- turning features of the light-guiding layer may be oriented in the same or similar direction, and may be distributed with decreasing density adjacent a light source to provide more even illumination.
This disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for annealing an oxide semiconductor in a thin film transistor (TFT). In one aspect, the method includes providing a substrate with a partially fabricated TFT structure formed on the substrate. The partially fabricated TFT structure can include an oxide semiconductor layer and a dielectric oxide layer on the oxide semiconductor layer. The oxide semiconductor layer is annealed by heating the dielectric oxide layer with an infrared laser under ambient conditions to a temperature below the melting temperature of the oxide semiconductor layer. The infrared laser radiation can be substantially absorbed by the dielectric oxide layer and can remove unwanted defects from the oxide semiconductor layer at an interface in contact with the dielectric oxide layer.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for determining a height of a gap between a movable reflective layer and an optical stack of an electromechanical systems (EMS) display element based on the color of light reflected by the reflective layer. In one aspect, the method for determining a height of a gap between the movable reflective layer and the optical stack includes obtaining an image of the display element using an imaging system, extracting color information from the light reflected by the reflective layer from the image, determining a curve that averages the extracted color information and determining the height of the gap by matching a shape of the determined curve with a simulated curve that associates a plurality of simulated color values with known gap heights.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02B 26/00 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
12.
LIGHT EXTRACTING DIFFUSIVE HOLOGRAM FOR DISPLAY ILLUMINATION
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for illumination, such as for illuminating displays, including reflective displays. An illumination device (210) includes a light-extracting, diffusive holographic medium (280). The holographic medium may be a holographic film and may be disposed on the surface of a light guide (230), and includes a hologram (282) that both extracts light out of the light guide and diffuses this extracted light for propagation towards the display elements (261) of the display (260). The hologram extracts light by redirecting light, which is propagating within the light guide, so that the light propagates out of the light. The diffusion occurs upon the light being redirected, as the hologram redirects the light towards the light guide in a controlled range of angles.
Various display device implementations disclosed herein include display drivers with enhanced capabilities. In some implementations a display driver may be capable of updating a display while a central processing unit (CPU) is switched off or operating in a sleep mode. Some such display drivers may include a display driver clock and a display driver memory. The display driver may be capable of receiving image data from the CPU, including image data for display updates, and storing received image data in the display driver memory. The display driver may be capable of updating the display with stored image data at times indicated by the display driver clock. Some display drivers may include a graphics processing unit capable of generating image data for updates of the display. In some such implementations, the graphics processing unit may be capable of dithering image data.
G09G 5/36 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of individual graphic patterns using a bit-mapped memory
G09G 5/395 - Arrangements specially adapted for transferring the contents of the bit-mapped memory to the screen
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for providing an output voltage to be used in a display device. In one aspect, a circuit may include switches and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). A charge recycling circuit may include a capacitive voltage divider providing voltage supplies for the switches to select from and provide to the DAC. A storage capacitor may be configured to be coupled one at a time and in parallel with individual capacitors of the capacitive voltage divider. The storage capacitor may store charge that may be reused. Additionally, a data control circuit may provide control signals for the switches and the DAC.
H03M 1/68 - Digital/analogue converters with conversions of different sensitivity, i.e. one conversion relating to the more significant digital bits and another conversion to the less significant bits
G02B 26/00 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
H03M 1/76 - Simultaneous conversion using switching tree
Disclosed herein is a dual lens system capable of maintaining a substantially constant color within a well-defined angular range of light incident on a reflective pixel. Each reflective pixel (or subpixel) of a display may include a primary lens and a field lens. The field lens may be positioned at a distance equal to a focal length of the primary lens. Each plane wave of incident light arriving at the primary lens aperture may be focused on a unique location of the focal plane, but may emerge from the field lens within the same range of angles. If a reflective pixel is positioned below the field lens, the reflected color should be substantially the same within a range of viewing angles. The range of angles may be defined by the numerical aperture of the lens system and by black mask material disposed between the reflective pixels or subpixels. Thus, a reflective display includes an array of reflective pixels; an array of primary lenses, each of the primary lenses corresponding to a distinct one of the reflective pixels; and an array of field lenses, each of the field lenses corresponding to a distinct one of the reflective pixels and one of the primary lenses, each of the field lenses being positioned at a distance from a corresponding primary lens, the distance being a focal length of the corresponding primary lens, each of the field lenses being disposed proximate a corresponding reflective pixel.
The systems and methods described herein may be used to optimize vector error diffusion for displaying color images on a display device. Vector error diffusion passes a residual vector error from one pixel on to its neighboring pixels with varying weights. The direction and weight of error diffusion can be defined by a vector error diffusion filter. Using a vector error diffusion filter with a limited number of taps allows an a priori determination of which pixel vector is dependent on which pixel vector error at what times. Based on such dependency determination, vector error diffusion calculation for multiple pixels can be scheduled to optimize computation time while preserving the dependency. The scheduled vector error diffusion calculation can further be implemented in virtual pipeline with multiple stages to balance computation load and utilize hardware resource efficiently.
H04N 1/52 - Circuits or arrangements for halftone screening
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
17.
ABSORBER STACK FOR MULTI-STATE INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATORS
Various implementations described herein involve multi-state interferometric modulators (MS-IMODs) without dielectric layers capable of affecting optical performance formed on the mirrors. The MS-IMODs disclosed herein may include a novel combination of high refractive index and low refractive index layers in the absorber stack. Some such MS-IMODs include absorber stacks having an absorber layer, a first high-index layer disposed between the absorber layer and the substrate, a low-index layer disposed between the absorber layer and the first high-index layer and a second high-index layer disposed on a side of the absorber layer facing the mirror. The absorber stack and the mirror may define a gap therebetween and may be capable of being positioned in a plurality of positions relative to one another to form a plurality of gap heights. In some implementations, the closest position corresponds with a black state gap height.
This disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for fabricating TFTs and storage capacitors on a substrate. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a TFT and a storage capacitor, where the TFT includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a semiconductor layer, where the semiconductor layer is protected by a first etch stop layer and a second etch stop layer. The storage capacitor includes the second etch stop layer as a dielectric between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. In another aspect, an apparatus includes a TFT and a storage capacitor, where the TFT includes a first metal layer, a dielectric layer, and a semiconductor layer, where the semiconductor layer is protected by an etch stop layer. The storage capacitor includes the dielectric layer as a dielectric between the first metal layer and the semiconductor layer.
H01L 27/12 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for providing voltages to an arrangement of display modules in a display. In one aspect, a group including multiple rows of display modules may be provided a reset signal at the same time. Each row may be provided its own driver circuit to provide a row enable signal such that each row of display modules in the group may be biased row-by-row following the reset. Additionally, driver circuitry providing a variety of voltages to the display modules may be implemented in chip-on-glass (COG).
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
20.
SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR DRIVING AN ANALOG INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATOR UTILIZING DC COMMON WITH RESET
A display apparatus comprising an array of electromechanical display elements and a driver circuit coupled to the array is provided. The driver circuit is configured to apply a DC voltage to a first stationary electrode of the display element and adjust a bias voltage applied to a second stationary electrode of the display element from a first bias voltage to a second bias voltage before a reset period. The driver circuit is further configured to apply a first reset voltage to a movable electrode of the display element during the reset period, apply a write voltage to the movable electrode during a charging period to charge the movable electrode with a charge Q defined at least in part by the write voltage, and adjust the bias voltage applied to the second stationary electrode from the second bias voltage to a third bias voltage during a bias period.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02B 26/08 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
21.
PROTECTION OF THIN FILM TRANSISTORS IN A DISPLAY ELEMENT ARRAY FROM VISIBLE AND ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
A display assembly includes an array of display elements disposed between a first substrate and a second substrate, the array of display elements including one or more thin film transistors (TFTs). A black mask arrangement is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the black mask arrangement being configured to prevent light entering the display assembly from reaching the TFTs.
H01L 27/12 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a driver circuit providing a selection of a voltage among multiple voltages at its output. In one aspect, the static power consumption of the circuit may be reduced by employing a power supply scheme that allows for a reduction in sub-threshold leakage current.
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
23.
ERROR-DIFFUSION BASED TEMPORAL DITHERING FOR COLOR DISPLAY DEVICES
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying high bit-depth images using a hybrid image dithering method that combines an aspect of spatial error diffusion and temporal dithering on display devices having display elements which are capable of displaying multiple primary colors, e.g. Interferometric Modulators (IMOD). Various implementations of the hybrid image dithering method include a temporal dithering method in which a primary color is selected for each of M subframes, and the error associated with selecting the primary color for each sub-frame is diffused to the subsequent sub-frame. Once all of the M subframes have been dithered, any residual error in the last sub-frame is diffused spatially to one or more neighboring pixels.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 5/06 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed using colour palettes, e.g. look-up tables
24.
DRIVER OUTPUT STAGE WITH SUPPLY VOLTAGE GENERATOR WITH CHARGE RECYCLING
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for recycling charge. In one aspect, a circuit may include amplifiers with power supplies provided by a capacitor voltage divider. A storage capacitor may be configured to be coupled one at a time and in parallel with individual capacitors of the voltage divider. The storage capacitor may store charge that may be reused.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
A display device may include a display, an optical touch system proximate the display and a control system. The control system may be capable of receiving input for initiating a peer-to-peer data transfer and of performing an authentication process for the peer-to-peer data transfer. The authentication process may involve obtaining fingerprint images via the optical touch system. The display device may provide a prompt to position the display device proximate a second device, e.g., with the display adjacent to a display of the second device. The display may display data transfer parameters for the peer-to-peer data transfer. The optical touch system may receive a confirmation that the second device received the data transfer parameters. The peer-to-peer data transfer may be performed, at least in part, by an array of optical transceivers.
A display device may include a display, an optical touch system proximate the display and a control system. The control system may be capable of receiving input for initiating a peer-to-peer data transfer and of performing an authentication process for the peer-to-peer data transfer. The authentication process may involve obtaining fingerprint images via the optical touch system. The display device may provide a prompt to position the display device proximate a second device, e.g., with the display adjacent to a display of the second device. The display may display data transfer parameters for the peer-to-peer data transfer. The optical touch system may receive a confirmation that the second device received the data transfer parameters. The peer-to-peer data transfer may be performed, at least in part, by an array of optical transceivers.
This disclosure provides apparatus, systems and methods for an electromechanical systems (EMS) device made of organic materials. In one aspect, the EMS device includes a stationary electrode over a substrate and a movable electrode over the stationary electrode, where the movable electrode is configured to move across a gap between the movable electrode and the stationary electrode by electrostatic actuation. One or more layers between the movable electrode and the stationary electrode may be made of polymer material. One or more layers in the EMS device may include an optical layer made of polymer material and configured to attenuate energy of light corresponding to one or more wavelength ranges. In some implementations, the optical layer may include a plurality of absorber particles in a host material that is electrically insulating.
This disclosure provides apparatus, systems and methods for an electromechanical systems (EMS) device having a non-electrically active absorber. In one aspect, the EMS device includes a stationary electrode over a substrate, a dielectric layer over the stationary electrode, an absorber over the dielectric layer, and a movable electrode over the absorber. The movable electrode is configured to move to a plurality of positions between the absorber and the movable electrode to define a plurality of gap heights. Furthermore, the absorber includes a non-electrically active material. In some implementations, the absorber can include an optical layer having a plurality of particles in an electrically insulating material.
This disclosure provides apparatus, systems and methods for an electromechanical systems (EMS) device having one or more flexible support posts. In one aspect, the EMS device includes a substrate, a stationary electrode over the substrate, one or more flexible support posts over the substrate, and a movable electrode over the stationary electrode and supported by the one or more flexible support posts. The movable electrode is configured to move across a gap between the movable electrode and the stationary electrode upon electrostatic actuation, where the one or more flexible support posts include a first organic material and can be configured to compress to permit the movable electrode to move across the gap.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a laminated film enclosing an array of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structures(620). In one aspect, a MEMS apparatus includes a substrate (610) having a device region (610a) and an edge region (610b) surrounding the device region and an array of MEMS structures on the substrate at the device region. A protective layer is disposed over the array of MEMS structures. A laminated film (600) is disposed over the protective layer and in contact with the substrate to form a seal at the edge region, where the laminated film forms a cavity between the substrate and the laminated film at the device region. The laminated film includes a moisture barrier layer (650) facing away from the array of MEMS structures, and a desiccant layer (640) facing toward the array of MEMS structures.
A light guide may include a light guide core (610), light-extracting elements (620) and cladding layers (615, 715) having lower refractive indices than that of the light guide core. The light guide is a component of a front light system (625) for a display (40). The display may be a reflective display, such as a reflective liquid crystal display (LCD). One cladding layer includes color filters (710a - c) for the display and are disposed between the light guide and the display. The front light system also includes a light source (630) system capable of providing light (which may be polarized) to the light guide. The light-extracting elements are capable of extracting light from the light guide and providing extracted light to the display, via the color filters. The light-extracting elements include electrodes, such as electrodes for a touch sensor system.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus relating to electromechanical display devices. In one aspect, a multi-stage interferometric modulator (IMOD) can include a movable reflector that can be moved to different positions to produce different reflected colors. The IMOD can include deformable elements that are coupled to a back side of the movable reflector and provide support to the movable reflector. The deformable elements can provide a restoring force that biases the movable reflector to a resting position. The IMOD can include one or more restoring force modifiers that are configured to increase the restoring force when engaged. The restoring force modifiers can be between the movable reflector and the deformable elements such that the deformable elements contact the restoring force modifiers when the movable reflector is displaced to a contacting position.
G02B 26/00 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
B81B 3/00 - Devices comprising flexible or deformable elements, e.g. comprising elastic tongues or membranes
G02B 26/08 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for measuring capacitance of a display unit, such as an interferometric modulator (IMOD). In one example, a circuit may include an operational amplifier (op-amp), a voltage controlled current source, and feedback from an output of the op-amp as an input to the voltage controlled current source. An output of the voltage controlled current source may be provided to a display unit as well as an input of the op-amp. A second input of the op-amp may be provided a ramping reference voltage.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
34.
LIGHT REDIRECTION HOLOGRAM FOR REFLECTIVE DISPLAYS
This disclosure provides an apparatus and method for enhancing the brightness and/or contrast ratio of display devices. In one aspect, the display devices can include a light redirector (403). The light redirector (403) includes a light receiving surface, and a holographic layer including a plurality of transmissive holographic features (403a, 403b) that can receive near-collimated light at non-normal angles with respect to a normal to the light receiving surface and redirect and diffuse the received light along a direction that is within +/- 20 degrees with respect to the surface normal towards a side opposite the light receiving surface.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying high bit-depth images using spatial vector screening and/or temporal dithering on display devices including display elements that have multiple primary colors. The systems, methods and apparatus described herein can be configured to select a method of rendering high bit-depth images and/or videos on low bit-depth devices based on the operating speed of the display device.
G09G 5/02 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
H04N 1/52 - Circuits or arrangements for halftone screening
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for an arrangement of pixels and interconnects in a display. In one aspect, polarities of pixels may be in a dot inversion configuration, or checkerboard pattern, to reduce the visibility of flicker. Various interconnect alternatively couple between modules in different columns or rows to provide dot inversion.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
The disclosed technology relates to methods of patterning elongated structures. In one aspect, a method of forming pillars includes providing a substrate and providing a plurality of beads on a surface of the substrate. Regions of the surface without a directly overlying bead are exposed. The method additionally includes selectively etching the exposed regions of the substrate between the beads such that a plurality of pillars is formed under areas masked by the beads. Selectively etching completely removes at least some of the beads. The pillars that are not covered by beads are etched, thereby leaving some pillars taller than others, with the pillar height pending on the amount of time a pillar was left exposed to etchant by a removed bead.
A diffuser stack may include a first film with a first index of refraction and a second film proximate the first film. The second film may have a second index of refraction that is higher than the first index of refraction. An interface between the first film and the second film may include an array of microlenses of substantially randomized sizes. The microlenses may include sections of features that are substantially spherical, polygonal, conical, etc. The first and second films may be disposed between an array of pixels and a substantially transparent substrate. An anti-reflective layer may be disposed between the first film and the second film.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for an illumination system. In one aspect, the illumination system is a light guide (101) that includes spaced-apart regions of medium (205a, 205b, 205c and 205d) containing diffractive features. For example, the medium may include holographic medium having holograms that are configured to redirect light (140), propagating through the light guide (101), out of the light guide (101). The spaces (209a, 209b, 209c and 209d) between the spaced-apart regions of media (205a, 205b, 205c and 205d) may be filled with a material having a lower refractive index than the light guide, thereby functioning as a reflective cladding in those spaces.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying high resolution images with reduced visible halftone noise. In one aspect, an image having a plurality of image pixels is displayed on a display device having a plurality of display pixels, by mapping the tone or color of each input image pixel onto the plurality of display pixels by assigning each display pixel a tone or color value in the color space associated with the display device that is in a neighborhood of the tone or color of each input image pixel and appears to have the same perceptual tone or color value as the image pixel and has a lower visible halftone noise. A size of the neighborhood can be selected based on the color gradient in various portions of the image.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for processing multiple substrates in a processing tool. An apparatus for processing substrates can include a process chamber, a common reactant source, and a common exhaust pump. The process chamber can be configured to process multiple substrates. The process chamber can include a plurality of stacked individual subchambers. Each subchamber can be configured to process one substrate. The common reactant source can be configured to provide reactant to each of the subchambers in parallel. The common exhaust pump can be connected to each of the subchambers.
C23C 16/54 - Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
C23C 16/458 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for supporting substrates in the reaction chamber
A semiconductor device comprising a second surface of a logic die and a second surface of a via bar coupled to a first surface of a substrate, a second surface of a memory die coupled to a first surface of the via bar, a portion of the second surface of the memory die extending over the first surface of the logic die, such that the logic die and the memory die are vertically staggered, and the memory die electrically coupled to the logic die through the via bar. The via bar can be formed from glass, and include through-glass vias (TGVs) and embedded passives such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors. The semiconductor device can be formed as a single package or a package-on-package structure with the via bar and the memory die encapsulated in a package and the substrate and logic die in another package.
H01L 25/18 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of the same subclass of , , , , or
H01L 25/10 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses , , , , or , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying high bit-depth images using temporal modulation on display devices including display elements that have multiple primary colors. In order to reduce visual artifacts produced by angular metamerism, the display elements are configured to display only those combinations of the different primary colors that satisfy certain constraints. Color combinations of the multiple primary colors that satisfy these constraints are included in a constrained color palette that includes fewer than all the possible colors that can be provided by all combinations of the primary colors.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 5/02 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
An optical touch sensor may include traces of photoconductive material formed on a substantially transparent substrate. Each photoconductive trace may be capable of responding to an incident light intensity increase on a portion of the photoconductive trace by increasing the number of charged carriers, thereby raising the electrical conductivity of that portion of the photoconductive trace. An incident light intensity decrease on a portion of the photoconductive trace will lower the electrical conductivity of that portion of the photoconductive trace. The corresponding changes in voltage may be measured by circuits that include conductive traces formed substantially perpendicular to, and configured for electrical connection with, the traces of photoconductive material. A diode (such as a Schottky diode) may be formed at the electrical connections between the conductive traces and the photoconductive traces.
Some implementations described herein involve defining a viewing angle range, also referred to herein as a viewing cone. The viewing cone may be produced by an array of optical fibers on a display. The optical fiber array may include tapered optical fibers that are capable of increasing the amount of light transmitted through the optical fiber array. The optical fiber array may be a graded index optical fiber array, wherein the refractive index of the optical fiber cores varies along the axis of the optical fibers.
G02B 6/08 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images with fibre bundle in form of plate
This disclosure provides circuits and methods for resetting a movable element, such as a mirror of an interferometric modulator (IMOD), to a consistent starting point or reset position. In one example, a circuit may include three electrodes with a capacitor coupled between two of the electrodes. Additionally, the polarity of one of the electrodes may be configured to switch and reverse in polarity relative to another electrode. Accordingly, the movable element may be moved to a reset position.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G02B 26/00 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a stacked via having a top via structure and a bottom via structure. In one aspect, the bottom via structure includes a bottom dielectric layer and a bottom via extending through the bottom dielectric layer. The bottom via includes a bottom metal formed on the bottom dielectric layer, where the bottom via is substantially filled by a dielectric material. The top via structure includes a top dielectric layer over the bottom metal and a top via extending to a top plane of the bottom via in the top dielectric layer. The top via includes a top metal formed on the top dielectric layer, where the top metal is in electrical contact with the bottom metal at a peripheral area of the bottom via structure.
A particular device includes a coil and a discontinuous magnetic core. The discontinuous magnetic core includes a first elongated portion, a second elongated portion, and at least two curved portions, where the portions are coplanar and physically separated from each other. The discontinuous magnetic core is arranged to form a discontinuous loop. The discontinuous magnetic core is deposited as a first layer above a dielectric substrate. A first portion of the coil extends above a first surface of the magnetic core. A second portion of the coil extends below a second surface of the magnetic core. The second portion of the coil is electrically coupled to the first portion of the coil. The second surface of the magnetic core is opposite the first surface of the magnetic core.
H01F 41/04 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils or magnets for manufacturing coils
49.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE VOLTAGES WITH A SINGLE INDUCTOR
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for providing positive and negative voltages using a single inductor. The apparatus includes a single inductor having a first end (1012) and a second end (1014). The first end (1012) is coupled to a first switch (S) and configured to connect to either a power source (VBAT) or a negative output node (VSNEG) depending on the state of the first switch. The second end (1014) is coupled to a second switch (1022) and is configured to connect to either a ground potential or a positive output node (VSPOS) depending on the state of the second switch. The apparatus further includes a controller (1032) adapted to configure the switches into one of a plurality of configurations at a time.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
50.
MULTI-STATE INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATOR WITH COLOR ATTENUATOR
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for multi-state interferometric modulator (MS-IMOD) implementations with an improved white-state color by incorporating an attenuator. The attenuator may be part of a mirror stack or part of an absorber stack. The attenuator may be capable of reducing the amount of green light reflected when the MS-IMOD is in a white state. The attenuator may include an absorber and/or a notch filter. In some implementations, the white color that is reflected when the MS-IMOD is in the white state may be substantially similar to that of CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
This disclosure provides circuits and methods for reducing sub-threshold leakage currents discharging floating nodes. In one aspect, feedback from a floating node is provided to a feedback transistor configured to bias other nodes such that leakage through turned-off transistors is reduced. Additionally, leakage contributing to static power consumption may also be reduced.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G11C 19/28 - Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using semiconductor elements
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus related to an ultrasonic sensor for detecting ultrasonic energy. In some implementations, the ultrasonic sensor includes a piezoelectric receiver layer bonded with an adhesive to an array of pixel circuits disposed on a substrate, each pixel circuit in the array including at least one thin film transistor (TFT) element and having a pixel input electrode electrically coupled to the pixel circuit. Methods of forming ultrasonic sensors include bonding piezoelectric receiver layers to TFT arrays.
G06K 9/00 - Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints
G01N 29/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object Details
53.
ANALOG INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATOR COLOR CALIBRATION
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for calibration of analog display elements such as analog interferometric modulators (IMODs). In one aspect, display devices include both a light-turning layer and integrated color sensor in order to provide feedback on the operation of the display. In particular, the integrated color sensors can be used to determine a relative shift in a color signal output by an analog display element.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
Disclosed are methods and apparatus for rending colors in displays, such as adjustable interferometric modulation displays that can produce many colors with different sub-sets of primary colors. Received colors to be rendered are analyzed to determine when the colors to be rendered are within a predefined neutral region of a color space. Temporal primary colors may be generated to be used for rendering the received colors in a color space that are generated by temporal modulation using at least two temporal subframes to mix first and second primary colors of a display, such as white and black primaries. The temporal primary colors are used when rendering colors that lie within the predefined neutral region of the color space. When white and black primaries are used for temporal modulation, the produced grayscale temporal primaries are more robust than using two complementary colors, affording more robust neutral and near neutral colors.
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G09G 5/02 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for making and controlling single-mirror interferometric modulators (IMODs), which may be multi-state IMODs or analog IMODs. In one aspect, a movable reflector stack or an absorber stack of an IMOD may include at least one protrusion that is configured to cause the movable reflector stack to be tilted relative to the absorber layer when the movable reflector stack is moved close to the absorber stack. The protrusion may be configured to cause color averaging when the IMOD is in a white state. The absorber stack may include an absorber layer having a lower extinction coefficient value at a red wavelength and a higher extinction coefficient value at a blue wavelength.
A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. The apparatus estimates an amount of future noise that can affect the touch screen (1106). The apparatus alters a sensitivity of the touch screen based on the estimated amount of the future noise (1110).
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for adjusting the waveform timing parameters for changes in data to be written over the lifetime of the display. In one aspect, timing parameter information is stored with the array and used to obtain the fastest line timing possible for different portions of the array. The timing parameter information may also be updated over the lifetime of the display such that the fastest line timing possible for different portions can be obtained over the life of the display.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for sensing touch and/or gestures in the near-field area overlying a light-guiding layer within a device or other optical sensing system. In one aspect, modulated infrared light is emitted into the overlying area, and the light reflected by objects within the overlying area is redirected through the light-guiding layer to infrared sensors. In one aspect, a masking structure can be located between the light-guiding layer and the infrared sensors. In some aspects, probability mapping or backtracing can be used to estimate the locations of objects within the overlying area.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for verifying actuation of an IMOD display element. In one aspect, a display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus includes an interferometric modulator (IMOD) display element coupled to a row electrode and coupled to a column electrode. The display apparatus further includes a driver circuit configured to apply voltage waveforms corresponding to image data to the row and column electrodes coupled to the IMOD display element to control actuation of the IMOD display element. The display apparatus further includes a detection circuit configured to detect actuation of the IMOD display element using the voltage waveforms.
G09G 3/00 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
G02B 26/00 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses for low-profile lighting systems. In one aspect, a lighting apparatus can include a lighting apparatus having a light emitter and an electronics substrate including an electrical circuit. An unrolled capacitive film can be attached to the lighting apparatus and electrically coupled to the electrical circuit.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for increasing a range of stable travel positions of a movable layer within electromechanical systems (EMS) devices. In one aspect, an electrically isolated floating electrode can be disposed between a driving electrode within a movable layer and a fixed electrode in order to increase a stable travel range of the movable layer. By segmenting the electrically isolated floating electrode into multiple isolated electrode segments, unbalanced charge accumulation in response to tilting of the movable layer can be constrained to further increase the stable travel range of the movable layer.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for energy efficient voltage transitions when driving EMS or MEMS systems. In one aspect, a MEMS display array may have segment electrodes driven by a source of approximately constant current. The substantially constant current may be generated by a buck regulator including an inductor.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
Methods and systems for providing a light device that can emit light and sense light inputs are disclosed. In one embodiment, a lighting device (101) includes a light guide (105) having a planar first surface (201a), the light guide (105) configured such that at least some ambient light enters the light guide (105) through the first surface (201a) and propagates therein, and at least one light detector (509a, 509b) disposed along an edge of the light guide (105), the at least one detector optically coupled to the light guide (105) to receive light propagating therein. The light detector (509a, 509b) can be configured to produce a control signal. In some embodiments, the lighting device (101) also includes at least one light turning feature (203) disposed on the first surface (201a), the at least one light turning feature (203) configured to direct light incident into the light guide (105) through the first surface (201a).
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for three-dimensional (3-D) through-glass via inductors. In one aspect, the through-glass via inductor includes a glass substrate with a first cavity, a second cavity, and at least two through-glass vias. The through-glass vias include metal bars that are connected by a metal trace. The metal bars and the metal trace define the inductor, and each cavity is at least partially filled with magnetic material. The magnetic material can include a plurality of particles having an average diameter of less than about 20 nm. The first cavity can be inside the inductor and the second cavity can be outside inductor. In some implementations, the first and the second cavity can be vias that extend only partially through the glass substrate.
H01F 1/24 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated
H01F 41/04 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils or magnets for manufacturing coils
H01L 21/00 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid-state devices, or of parts thereof
Techniques described herein enable a computing device to detect a user hand gesture in near field using less expensive hardware by capturing enough information in coarse resolution. Furthermore, techniques described herein detect an object, such as a hand by characterizing the object without fully reconstructing the object. In one embodiment, embodiments of the invention performed by the computing device detect the number of unfurled fingers passing through the detectable region of the field of view of the detection surface of a computing device and the direction of the movement of the user's hand. The computing device may determine a user command in response to detecting the user gesture and provide feedback to the user.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for selecting a temporal modulation method according to an analysis of image data and for controlling a pixel array according to the temporal modulation method. The analysis may involve analyzing at least one of image content data or image gamut data.
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
67.
REDUCED METAMERISM SPECTRAL COLOR PROCESSING FOR MULTI-PRIMARY DISPLAY DEVICES
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for spectral color processing for multi-primary display devices. In one aspect, the display device can include display elements and a processor. The processor can create an output color palette of colors and transform the output color palette to a spectral space color palette. The processor also can receive data on an input color to be output by the display device, separate the input color into a combination of the primary colors that can create the input color, and transform the input color to the spectral space. Furthermore, the processor can select a color in the spectral space color palette based at least in part on the input color in the spectral space. The selected color can reduce metamerism.
G01J 3/46 - Measurement of colourColour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
G09G 5/06 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed using colour palettes, e.g. look-up tables
68.
METAL OXIDE LAYER COMPOSITION CONTROL BY ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION FOR THIN FILM TRANSISTOR
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a thin film transistor (TFT) device on a substrate. In one aspect, the TFT device includes a gate electrode, an oxide semiconductor layer, and a gate insulator between the gate electrode and the oxide semiconductor layer. The oxide semiconductor layer includes at least two metal oxides, with the two metal oxides having a varying concentration relative to one another between a lower surface and an upper surface of the oxide semiconductor layer. The TFT device also includes a source metal adjacent to a portion of the oxide semiconductor layer and a drain metal adjacent to another portion of the oxide semiconductor layer. The composition of the oxide semiconductor layer can be precisely controlled by a sequential deposition technique using atomic layer deposition (ALD).
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for reducing image artifacts that arise when a display is exposed to sunlight over time. Various implementations disclosed herein can be implemented to prevent charge injection from inducing a negative offset voltage shift for display elements in the display. In one aspect, a buffer layer is applied to block electrons from being photoelectrically ejected from a movable reflective layer of a display element and into a stationary optical stack of the display element.
G02B 26/08 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
70.
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCED LOW-TONE HALF-TONE PATTERN VISIBILITY
This disclosure provides methods, apparatus, and computer programs encoded on computer storage media for reduced low tone pattern visibility. In one aspect, the disclosed methods receive an input image including a plurality of pixels, quantize the plurality of pixels, set half-tone image pixels corresponding to the portion of the input pixels that are below a crush threshold to a crushed value, and diffuse the quantization error resulting from the quantizing to half-tone image pixels other than the portion. In some implementations, the half-tone image pixels are then output to an output device such as an electronic display.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying high resolution images using an adaptive temporal dithering scheme on display devices having two or more color planes. The adaptive temporal dithering scheme includes identifying the dither visibility of an image to be displayed by the color planes and adaptively applying temporal dithering to the color plane having the highest dither visibility. In one aspect, temporal dithering can be adaptively applied between two different color planes on a frame-by-frame basis based at least partly on the dither visibility of the image content.
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
72.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR RENDERING CONTENT TO MULTIPLE DISPLAYS
This disclosure provides methods and apparatus, including non-transitory processor instructions on computer storage media, which enable a dual-display device to automatically select and render content to a display. Dual-display devices may include devices with a primary and a secondary display, the secondary display consuming less power than the primary display and having reduced glare when viewed in sunlight. In one aspect, the selection of the display may be based upon at least two of: a battery state of the device, an ambient illumination, and an item of content to be displayed.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for controlling a display device that includes a first display and a second display. In one aspect, one or more sets of content may be generated or provided by one or more applications. Content may be prioritized within the sets of content or among the sets of content or both. Information pertaining to at least a portion of at least one of the sets of content generated or provided by at least one of the applications may be rendered to one or more of a plurality of regions of the second display according to a result of the prioritizing such that each of the at least one of the applications or content types associated therewith is mapped to a different one of the plurality of regions of the second display.
G06F 3/0481 - Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
G06F 17/30 - Information retrieval; Database structures therefor
G06F 9/44 - Arrangements for executing specific programs
74.
SYSTEM FOR REUSE OF TOUCH PANEL AND CONTROLLER BY A SECONDARY DISPLAY
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for controlling a display device that includes a first display, a touch screen disposed on the first display and a second display. In one aspect, the first display may be disposed on a first side of the display device (e.g., the front side) and the second display may be disposed on a second side of the display device (e.g., the back side). The second display may consume less power than the first display. Even when the first display is switched off, a control system may be configured to control the second display in response to input received from the touch screen disposed on the first display. The control system may be further configured to control the first display in response to input received from the touch screen when the first display is switched on or when the second display is not in use.
Systems, methods and apparatus for fabricating devices use an inductively-coupled plasma. An inductively coupled plasma system includes a reaction chamber including a reaction space and a coil chamber. The system includes a workpiece support within the reaction space. The system includes a first inductive coil section and a second inductive coil section, the first and second inductive coil sections being independently movable. At least one power source is coupled to the first and second inductive coil sections. The first and second inductive coil sections and the at least one power source are configured to induce an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) in the reaction space. An adjustment mechanism is configured to move the first inductive coil section relative to the second inductive coil section.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for halftoning video images for presentation on an electronic display. In one aspect, input frames of video data may be received, where each input frame includes a number of input pixels, each input pixel having a respective first spatial coordinate location. For each input pixel, an output pixel is generated using a selected halftone value. The selected halftone value is substantially identical to a halftone value of a corresponding pixel in a comparison frame, where a spatial coordinate location of the "corresponding pixel" is determined based on a motion vector of an image element with which the pixel is associated.
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for delivery of gas from solid phase sources. A solid phase gas source canister can include multiple separated volumes configured to contain multiple quantities of a solid phase gas source. Sublimated vapor can be independently produced by each quantity of the solid phase gas source. In some implementations, the solid phase gas source canisters are configured for simultaneous fill of the multiple volumes with a solid source gas phase powder.
C23C 16/448 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for selecting an operational mode of a reflective display device from a plurality of operational modes that include at least one field-sequential color mode. The operational mode may be selected based, at least in part, on ambient light data. The ambient light data may include ambient light intensity data, ambient light spectrum data and/or ambient light direction data. The operational mode may be selected based, at least in part, on other criteria, such as display application type and/or battery state data.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
79.
DYNAMIC ADAPTIVE ILLUMINATION CONTROL FOR FIELD SEQUENTIAL COLOR MODE TRANSITIONS
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for selecting an operational mode of a display device from a plurality of operational modes. The operational modes may include at least one field-sequential color mode in which a display is illuminated with white light while data are written to the display. The operational mode may be selected based, at least in part, on ambient light data. The ambient light data may include ambient light intensity data, ambient light spectrum data and/or ambient light direction data. The operational mode may be selected based, at least in part, on other criteria, such as color gamut data, display application type and/or battery state data.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for electromechanical systems displays. In one aspect, the display can include a plurality of electromechanical display elements including a first set of electromechanical display elements and a second set of electromechanical display elements. Each electromechanical display element can include a common electrode and a segment electrode. Each of the segment electrodes of the first set of electromechanical display elements can have a first area located under the common electrodes of the first set. Each of the segment electrodes of the second set of electromechanical display elements can have a second area smaller than the first area located under the common electrodes of the second set. In some implementations, an actuation voltage of each electromechanical display element of the first set is approximately the same as an actuation voltage of each electromechanical display element of the second set.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus that can generate PV power and simultaneously provide artificial lighting. The devices disclosed herein include a first optical structure having a plurality of focusing elements that can collect and focus ambient light onto a first set of light redirecting elements that is optically coupled to at least photovoltaic (PV) cell. The devices also include at least one illumination source that is optically coupled to a first edge of a second optical structure including a second set of light redirecting elements that can direct light from the at least one illumination source out of the device to provide artificial lighting. The at least one photovoltaic cell is coupled to a second edge of the second optical structure.
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
F21S 9/03 - Lighting devices with a built-in power supplySystems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator rechargeable by exposure to light
H01L 31/055 - Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
83.
SOLAR RADIATION FILTER AND ELECTRIC POWER GENERATOR
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus including a power generating and a power saving device having a plurality of shutters and a plurality of photovoltaic (PV) devices. In one aspect, each of the plurality of shutters is configured to move laterally in the plane of the shutter by the action of one or more electrostatic actuators. The array of shutters can control the amount of ambient light that is transmitted through the device. Additionally, the array of shutters can shield or expose the array of the PV devices to ambient sunlight to generate PV power.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus that can generate PV power and simultaneously provide artificial lighting. The devices disclosed herein include a first optical structure (101) having a plurality of focusing elements (112) that can collect and focus ambient light onto a first set of light redirecting elements (114a, 114b, 114c) that is optically coupled to one or more photovoltaic (PV) cells (110a, 110c). The devices also include one or more illumination sources (120a, 120c) that are optically coupled to a light guide including a second set of light redirecting elements (117a, 117b, 117c) that can direct light from the one or more illumination sources (120a, 120c) out of the device to provide artificial lighting. The devices further include a second optical structure (115) disposed below the first optical structure (101) such that the one or more illumination sources (120a, 120c) and the one or more PV cells (110a, 110c) are disposed along the edges of the first or the second optical structure.
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
H01L 31/055 - Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
85.
ADHESIVE METAL NITRIDE ON GLASS AND RELATED METHODS
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for an adhesive metal nitride layer on glass. In one aspect, a glass substrate having a surface is provided. A via with a depth to width aspect ratio of 5 to 1 or greater extends at least partially through the glass substrate. An adhesive metal nitride layer is disposed on the surface of the glass substrate and on one or more interior surfaces of the via. The adhesive metal nitride layer includes at least one of titanium nitride and tantalum nitride.
C03C 17/34 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
C03C 17/36 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to electromechanical systems display devices. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a display assembly, a sensor, and a processor. The display assembly may include an array of electromechanical systems display devices. The sensor may be configured to provide a signal indicative of an illumination angle, a viewing angle, or both, with respect to a line perpendicular to the display assembly. The processor may be configured to receive the signal from the sensor, to determine the illumination angle and/or viewing angle, and to process image data to compensate for the determined illumination angle and/or viewing angle. In one implementation, the image data is processed to compensate for a shift in a wavelength of light reflected from at least one of the electromechanical systems display devices that would have occurred as a result of a non-normal illumination and/or viewing angle.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
87.
IMPROVING COLOR PERFORMANCE AND IMAGE QUALITY USING FIELD SEQUENTIAL COLOR (FSC) TOGETHER WITH SINGLE-MIRROR IMODS
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for applying field-sequential color (FSC) methods to displays that include single-mirror interferometric modulators (IMODs), which may be multi-state IMODs or analog IMODs. In one aspect, grayscale levels may be provided by varying a mirror/absorber gap height between black and white states. In other implementations, grayscale levels may be obtained by varying the gap height between the black state and second-order color peaks.
G02B 26/00 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
88.
ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING A MOVABLE ABSORBER AND A MOVABLE REFLECTOR ASSEMBLY
This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for an analog or multistate electromechanical systems display devices including movable absorber together with a movable reflective layers. In one aspect, an electromechanical systems display device may include a movable reflector assembly and a movable absorber assembly. The absorber assembly may be disposed between the reflector assembly and a substrate. The absorber assembly may be configured to move to an absorber white state position proximate the reflector assembly and defining a first gap when the reflector assembly is in a reflector white/black position. The absorber assembly may be configured to move to a closed position closer to the substrate, defining a second gap, when the reflector assembly is in the reflector white/black position. The reflector assembly may be configured to move from the reflector white/black position to increase a height of the second gap when the absorber assembly is in the closed position.
This disclosure provides implementations of systems, devices, components, computer products, methods, and techniques for correcting or compensating for moving visual object distortions. In one aspect, a method includes combining image data from a first frame with image data from a second frame to generate a fused image frame. Additionally or alternatively, the method can include applying a shear transformation to the image data in the first frame to generate a sheared image frame. One of, or a combination of, the fused image frame and the sheared image frame may be displayed as a pre-distorted image frame so that, when viewed on the display, the pre-distorted image frame compensates for distortion that can otherwise be perceived by a user when viewing the displayed moving visual object.
G09G 5/02 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G06F 3/048 - Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
G06T 3/00 - Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus related to acoustic resonators that include composite transduction layers (116, 118) for enabling selective tuning of one or more acoustic or electromechanical properties. In one aspect, a resonator structure includes one or more first electrodes (142), one or more second electrodes (144), and a transduction layer (116, 118) arranged between the first and second electrodes. The transduction layer includes a plurality of constituent layers. In some implementations, the constituent layers include one or more first piezoelectric layers and one or more second piezoelectric layers. The transduction layer is configured to, responsive to signals provided to the first and second electrodes, provide at least a first mode of vibration of the transduction layer with a displacement component along the z axis and at least a second mode of vibration of the transduction layer with a displacement component _ along the plane of the x axis and the y axis.
This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for through substrate via inductors. In one aspect, a cavity is defined in a glass substrate. At least two metal bars are in the cavity. A first end of each metal bar is proximate a first surface of the substrate, and a second end of each metal bar is proximate a second surface of the substrate. A metal trace connects a first metal bar and a second metal bar. In some instances, one or more dielectric layers can be disposed on surfaces of the substrate. In some instances, the metal bars and the metal trace define an inductor. The inductor can have a degree of flexibility corresponding to a variable inductance. Metal turns can be arranged in a solenoidal or toroidal configuration. The toroidal inductor can have tapered traces and/or thermal ground planes. Transformers and resonator circuitry can be realized.
H01F 41/04 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils or magnets for manufacturing coils
This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for through substrate via inductors. In one aspect, a cavity is defined in a glass substrate. At least two metal bars are in the cavity. A first end of each metal bar is proximate a first surface of the substrate, and a second end of each metal bar is proximate a second surface of the substrate. A metal trace connects a first metal bar and a second metal bar. In some instances, one or more dielectric layers can be disposed on surfaces of the substrate. In some instances, the metal bars and the metal trace define an inductor. The inductor can have a degree of flexibility corresponding to a variable inductance. Metal turns can be arranged in a solenoidal or toroidal configuration. The toroidal inductor can have tapered traces and/or thermal ground planes. Transformers and resonator circuitry can be realized.
H01F 41/04 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils or magnets for manufacturing coils
93.
EAR POSITION AND GESTURE DETECTION WITH MOBILE DEVICE
A mobile device may include a sensor array. The sensor array may be a touch sensor array, such as a projected capacitive touch (PCT) sensor array. The mobile device may be configured to determine whether one or more sensor signals from the sensor array indicate an ear gesture and/or the presence of an ear. One or more device operations may be invoked according to the determination.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for electromechanical systems (EMS) device packages having integrated sensors. In one aspect, electrodes within a packaged EMS device can be used in conjunction with an electrode disposed on another substrate within the EMS device package to form one or more capacitive sensors. The capacitive sensor may be used to determine the relative deformation of substrates within the EMS device package, which can in turn be used as part of a pressure, touch, mass, or impact measuring system.
B81B 7/02 - Microstructural systems containing distinct electrical or optical devices of particular relevance for their function, e.g. microelectro-mechanical systems [MEMS]
G01D 5/241 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing memberMeans for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for convertingTransducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance by relative movement of capacitor electrodes
95.
ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS DEVICE WITH PROTRUSIONS TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL STABLE STATES
This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for an electromechanical systems (EMS) device with one or more protrusions connected to a surface of the EMS device. In one aspect, the EMS device includes a substrate, a stationary electrode over the substrate, and a movable electrode over the stationary electrode. The movable electrode is configured to move to three or more positions across a gap by electrostatic actuation between the movable electrode and the stationary electrode. When the protrusions contact any surface of the EMS device at one of the positions across the gap, the protrusions change the stiffness of the EMS device. At least one of the surfaces in contact with the one or more protrusions is non-rigid. In some implementations, the protrusions have a height greater than about 20 nm.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for providing a transparent multilayer structure having electrical connections between conductive components disposed throughout the structure. In one aspect, a thin transparent conductive adhesive is used to provide electrical connections between layers. These electrical connections can be made throughout the multilayer structure, even in portions of the structure that overlie a display in a display device, reducing the overall footprint of a display device including such a multilayer structure.
Pixels that include display elements that are configured with different structural dimensions corresponding to the color of light they provide are disclosed. In one implementation, a display device includes an array having a plurality of electromechanical pixels (900) disposed on a substrate, each pixel including at least a first display element (960a) and a second display element (960b). Each of the first and second display elements interferometrically modulating light by moving a reflective element (14) between a relaxed position spaced apart from the substrate (20) to an actuated position further away from the substrate than the relaxed position by applying a voltage (950) across the reflective element and a stationary electrode. The stationary electrode (920a) of each display element is sized to provide actuation of the movable reflective element using the same actuation voltage even though the electrical gap through which the reflective element moves is different within a pixel.
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, to reproduce a target color in an output device. In one aspect, the output device can include display elements and a processor. The processor can be configured to (a) receive data on the target color to be reproduced, (b) select the display element associated with the highest brightness, (c) determine a portion of the target color to be reproduced by the selected display element, (d) calculate a remaining amount of the target color, (e) use the display element having the next highest brightness as the selected display element of (c), and (f) repeat (c) to (e) iteratively until all display elements have been selected or the remaining amount of the target color is below a threshold.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G09G 5/02 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
99.
SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR DRIVING AN ANALOG INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATOR
Display elements of a display array include at least one fixed layer and a movable layer. The movable layer is positioned with respect to the at least one fixed layer by placing a charge on the movable layer and applying a voltage to the at least one fixed layer. The at least one fixed layer may be two layers positioned on either side of the movable layer. The movable layer may be positioned in a desired position when driving an array of display elements by executing a reset stage, a charging stage, and a bias stage.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for electromechanical systems devices including one or more storage capacitors. In one aspect, a device includes a substrate structure, a movable element configured to move relative to the substrate structure, and at least one switch. The movable element includes a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer that form a storage capacitor. The switch is configured to control a flow of charge between a source and the storage capacitor.
