Abstract

1525255) and aromatic (e.g., BTEX) mixtures carried out in a reactor using one or more catalysts that include a zeolite doped with one or more dopants and a doped or undoped alumina catalyst. Systems for carrying out these processes are also provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a single stage process for the direct conversion of alcohols, e.g. ethanol, to olefinic mixtures (C2-C7) with low levels of aromatics carried out in a single reactor with two fixed catalyst beds in series, or two catalytic fixed bed reactors in series wherein the first reactor operates at a lower or higher temperature than the operating temperature of the second reactor. The process transformation of ethanol is comprised of ethanol dehydration to ethylene and water in high yield with the first catalyst in the first reactor, or via the first fixed catalyst bed, followed by directly feeding the ethylene and water to the second reactor, or second fixed catalyst bed, with conversion of said ethylene and water to a C2-C7 olefinic mixture with the second catalyst(s) in high yields with minimal aromatic compound formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 21/08 - Silica
• B01J 23/30 - Tungsten
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• C07C 2/12 - Catalytic processes with crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• C07C 6/04 - Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

15274388 olefins in a single-step.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons

Abstract

25824388 olefins to renewable diesel fuel and/or jet fuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• B01D 3/02 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping in boilers or stills
• B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapoursRecovering volatile solvents by condensation
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology

Abstract

Exemplary processes for converting one or more oxygenates to one or more olefins are disclosed. In one exemplary aspect, the process can include introducing a first input feed into an adiabatic multistage reactor with a first reactor bed and a second reactor bed. The process can also include contacting the first input feed with the first reactor bed to maintain a first temperature of the first reactor bed within a first temperature range and to produce a first reaction mixture, and introducing a second input feed into the multistage reactor such that the first reaction mixture is mixed with the second input feed to produce a first effluent. The process can also include contacting the first effluent with the second reactor bed to thereby maintain a second temperature of the second reactor bed within a second temperature range and to produce a second reaction mixture. Exemplary systems are also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

Exemplary processes for converting one or more oxygenates to one or more olefins are disclosed. In one exemplary aspect, the process can include introducing a first input feed into an adiabatic multistage reactor with a first reactor bed and a second reactor bed. The process can also include contacting the first input feed with the first reactor bed to maintain a first temperature of the first reactor bed within a first temperature range and to produce a first reaction mixture, and introducing a second input feed into the multistage reactor such that the first reaction mixture is mixed with the second input feed to produce a first effluent. The process can also include contacting the first effluent with the second reactor bed to thereby maintain a second temperature of the second reactor bed within a second temperature range and to produce a second reaction mixture. Exemplary systems are also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
• C07C 2/08 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds

Abstract

2782424 hydrocarbons are provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
• C10G 69/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step

Goods & Services

Downloadable software for data capture, storage, analytics, management and reporting in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization; downloadable software for managing smart contracts using blockchain technology. Compiling indexes of information using blockchain technology; business consulting in the field of environmental management, namely, advising businesses on issues of environmental impact, conservation, preservation and protection, and economic analysis for business purposes; business consulting services in the field of monitoring, tracking, and management of sustainability practices; business consulting in the field of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and tracking carbon intensity (CI); business consulting services in the field of environmental science and renewable energy; business consulting services in the field of supply chain management and environmental sustainability; business consulting services in the field of agriculture; business consulting services in the field of blockchain technology. Providing scientific information, advice, and consultancy relating to the carbon intensity (CI) of a business; software as a service (SaaS) services featuring software for data capture, storage, analytics, management and reporting in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization; providing temporary use of non-downloadable cloud-based software for data capture, storage, analytics, management and reporting in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization; authentication of data in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization using blockchain technology; greenhouse gas emission measuring and analysis; measurement and verification of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emission offsets; electronic digital data storage via blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT); providing temporary use of non-downloadable cloud-based software, namely, software for managing and validating transactions using blockchain-based smart contracts; technical planning and consultancy services in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization.

Abstract

152515255) carried out in a reactor using a catalyst that includes zeolite doped with boron and phosphor. Systems for carrying out these processes are also provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• C07C 11/06 - Propene
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/10 - Alkenes with five carbon atoms
• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• C07C 4/06 - Catalytic processes
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11

Goods & Services

(1) Downloadable software for data capture, storage, analytics, management and reporting in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization; downloadable software for managing smart contracts using blockchain technology. (1) Compiling indexes of information using blockchain technology; business consulting in the field of environmental management, namely, advising businesses on issues of environmental impact, conservation, preservation and protection, and economic analysis for business purposes; business consulting services in the field of monitoring, tracking, and management of sustainability practices; business consulting in the field of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and tracking carbon intensity (CI); business consulting services in the field of environmental science and renewable energy; business consulting services in the field of supply chain management and environmental sustainability; business consulting services in the field of agriculture; business consulting services in the field of blockchain technology. (2) Providing scientific information, advice, and consultancy relating to the carbon intensity (CI) of a business; software as a service (SaaS) services featuring software for data capture, storage, analytics, management and reporting in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization; providing temporary use of non-downloadable cloud-based software for data capture, storage, analytics, management and reporting in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization; authentication of data in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization using blockchain technology; greenhouse gas emission measuring and analysis; measurement and verification of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emission offsets; electronic digital data storage via blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT); providing temporary use of non-downloadable cloud-based software, namely, software for managing and validating transactions using blockchain-based smart contracts; technical planning and consultancy services in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization.

Abstract

Processes for producing two or more different C2-C6 linear or branched olefins are disclosed herein. In one exemplary implementation, the process can include contacting a first feed stream that includes γ-valerolactone with one or more first catalysts in a first reactor to form a mixture. The mixture includes two or more different C2-C6 linear or branched olefins at a yield of at least 60%, and the one or more first catalysts include a doped zeolite. Processes for converting levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone are also disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
• C07D 307/33 - Oxygen atoms in position 2, the oxygen atom being in its keto or unsubstituted enol form
• B01J 23/06 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of zinc, cadmium or mercury
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• B01J 27/14 - PhosphorusCompounds thereof
• B01J 21/02 - Boron or aluminiumOxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties

Abstract

26266 linear or branched olefins at a yield of at least 60%, and the one or more first catalysts include a doped zeolite. Processes for converting levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone are also disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
• C07C 1/213 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds by splitting of esters
• C07C 11/06 - Propene
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/167 - 1,3-Butadiene
• C07D 307/33 - Oxygen atoms in position 2, the oxygen atom being in its keto or unsubstituted enol form

Goods & Services

Downloadable software for data capture, storage, analytics, management and reporting in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization; downloadable software for managing smart contracts using blockchain technology Compiling indexes of information using blockchain technology; business consulting in the field of environmental management, namely, advising businesses on issues of environmental impact, conservation, preservation and protection, and economic analysis for business purposes; business consulting services in the field of monitoring, tracking, and management of sustainability practices; business consulting in the field of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and tracking carbon intensity (CI); business consulting services in the field of environmental science and renewable energy; business consulting services in the field of supply chain management and environmental sustainability; business consulting services in the field of agriculture; business consulting services in the field of blockchain technology Providing scientific information, advice, and consultancy relating to the carbon intensity (CI) of a business; software as a service (SaaS) services featuring software for data capture, storage, analytics, management and reporting in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization; providing temporary use of non-downloadable cloud-based software for data capture, storage, analytics, management and reporting in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization; authentication of data in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization using blockchain technology; greenhouse gas emission measuring and analysis; measurement and verification of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emission offsets; electronic digital data storage via blockchain and distributed ledger technology (dlt); providing temporary use of non-downloadable cloud-based software, namely, software for managing and validating transactions using blockchain-based smart contracts; technical planning and consultancy services in the fields of energy, environmental sustainability, and decarbonization

Abstract

The present invention relates to recombinant microorganisms comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a ketol-acid reductoisomerase (KARI) or modified NADH-dependent variant thereof, wherein said KARI is at least about 60% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2. In various aspects of the invention, the recombinant microorganisms may comprise an isobutanol producing metabolic pathway and can be used in methods of making isobutanol.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts

Abstract

5) carried out in a reactor using a catalyst that includes zeolite doped with boron and phosphor. Systems for carrying out these processes are also provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water

Abstract

Examples of the present disclosure describe systems/methods for automatically generating and tracking a carbon intensity (CI) score assigned to a particular product as the product traverses through a processing plant and discrete steps in a supply chain. In some examples, intermediate CI scores may be assigned to the product as it completes each step in its life cycle. The intermediate CI scores may be aggregated to produce a final CI score. Each intermediate CI score is recorded on a blockchain, such that the CI score is independently verifiable and auditable. In other example aspects, a machine-learning model may be applied to the input data received from each supply chain stakeholder and CI scores, wherein the machine-learning model generates intelligent suggestions to stakeholders for how to tweak their processes to lower CI scores. In other examples, a CI score may be used to derive a value for a CI token.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06Q 10/06 - Resources, workflows, human or project managementEnterprise or organisation planningEnterprise or organisation modelling

Abstract

Processes for converting one or more C1-C5 linear or branched alcohols to one or more C2-C5 olefins are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, the process can be a single stage process for the direct conversion of C1-C5 alcohols to olefinic mixtures (e.g., C2-C5) carried out in a single reactor using at least two catalysts physically mixed in a single bed. Systems for carrying out these processes are also provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• C07C 11/06 - Propene
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms

Abstract

Examples of the present disclosure describe systems/methods for automatically generating and tracking a carbon intensity (CI) score assigned to a particular product as the product traverses through a processing plant and discrete steps in a supply chain. In some examples, intermediate CI scores may be assigned to the product as it completes each step in its life cycle. The intermediate CI scores may be aggregated to produce a final CI score. Each intermediate CI score is recorded on a blockchain, such that the CI score is independently verifiable and auditable. In other example aspects, a machine-learning model may be applied to the input data received from each supply chain stakeholder and CI scores, wherein the machine-learning model generates intelligent suggestions to stakeholders for how to tweak their processes to lower CI scores. In other examples, a CI score may be used to derive a value for a CI token.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06Q 10/06 - Resources, workflows, human or project managementEnterprise or organisation planningEnterprise or organisation modelling

Abstract

Processes for converting one or more C1-C5 linear or branched alcohols to one or more C2-C5 olefins are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, the process can be a single stage process for the direct conversion of C1-C5 alcohols to olefinic mixtures (e.g., C2-C5) carried out in a single reactor using at least two catalysts physically mixed in a single bed. Systems for carrying out these processes are also provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• C07C 11/06 - Propene
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms

Abstract

8 olefins to renewable diesel fuel and/or jet fuel in overall yields of at least 70% in the presence of tungstated γ-alumina or tungstated silica catalysts admixed with ZSM-5 type zeolites.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition

Abstract

This present disclosure relates to a catalytic process for upgrading crude and/or refined fusel oil mixtures to higher value renewable 2-methyl-2-butene, via novel doped alumina catalysts. It was found that passing a vaporized stream of crude and/or refined fusel oils over doped alumina catalysts provides renewable 2-methyl-2-butene in high yields in a single step. Subsequent downstream purification of the reactor effluent results in a renewable 2-methyl-2-butene at competitive price and quality to fossil fuel derived 2-methyl-2-butene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water

Abstract

7 olefinic mixture with the second catalyst(s) in high yields with minimal aromatic compound formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 21/08 - Silica
• B01J 23/30 - Tungsten
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• C07C 2/12 - Catalytic processes with crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• C07C 6/04 - Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

8 olefin and an oxygenate is fed to an oligomerization process utilizing a doped Chabazite zeolite catalyst resulting in high yields and selectivity of oligomers used to produce bio-based jet fuel and/or diesel fuels depending upon reaction temperatures and pressures. The process also produces iso-octane that is suitable for producing bio-based gasoline. The process tolerates relatively high levels of oxygenates in the olefinic feed and the catalyst is capable of air regeneration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
• B01J 29/85 - Silicoaluminophosphates [SAPO compounds]
• B01J 38/02 - Heat treatment

Goods & Services

Compiling indexes of information using blockchain technology and distributed ledger technology (dlt). Software as a service (saas) services, namely, blockchain software; software as a service (saas) services, namely, distributed ledger technology (dlt) software; providing online non-downloadable cloud-based software, namely, blockchain software; providing online non-downloadable cloud-based software, namely, distributed ledger technology (dlt) software; blockchain and distributed ledger technology (dlt) quality control service for others; blockchain and distributed ledger technology (dlt) computer technology consultancy; technological research service, namely, computing system development in the field of blockchain and distributed ledger technology (dlt); blockchain and distributed ledger technology (dlt) computer project management; electronic digital data storage via blockchain and distributed ledger technology (dlt); providing online non-downloadable cloud-based software, namely, software for managing and validating transactions using blockchain-based smart contracts.

Abstract

The present invention relates to recombinant microorganisms comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a ketol-acid reductoisomerase (KARI) or modified NADH-dependent variant thereof, wherein said KARI is at least about 60% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2. In various aspects of the invention, the recombinant microorganisms may comprise an isobutanol producing metabolic pathway and can be used in methods of making isobutanol.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 1/15 - Fungi Culture media therefor modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
• C12N 1/19 - YeastsCulture media therefor modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
• C12N 1/20 - BacteriaCulture media therefor

Abstract

Disclosed is a process for converting lower linear and branched mono-olefins, derived from C2-C5 bio-based alcohols to higher hydrocarbons, to one or more C8-C24 hydrocarbons. Certain embodiments provide a process for oligomerization of branched and/or linear C3-C8 olefins to renewable diesel fuel and/or jet fuel in overall yields of at least 70% in the presence of tungstated ?-alumina or tungstated silica catalysts admixed with ZSM-5 type zeolites.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 67/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
• C10G 45/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof

Abstract

Disclosed is a process for converting lower linear and branched mono-olefins, derived from C2-C5 bio-based alcohols to higher hydrocarbons, to one or more C8-C24 hydrocarbons. Certain embodiments provide a process for oligomerization of branched and/or linear C3-C8 olefins to renewable diesel fuel and/or jet fuel in overall yields of at least 70% in the presence of tungstated γ-alumina or tungstated silica catalysts admixed with ZSM-5 type zeolites.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 67/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
• C10G 45/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a single stage process for the direct conversion of alcohols, e.g. ethanol, to olefinic mixtures (C2-C7) with low levels of aromatics carried out in a single reactor with two fixed catalyst beds in series, or two catalytic fixed bed reactors in series wherein the first reactor operates at a lower or higher temperature than the operating temperature of the second reactor. The process transformation of ethanol is comprised of ethanol dehydration to ethylene and water in high yield with the first catalyst in the first reactor, or via the first fixed catalyst bed, followed by directly feeding the ethylene and water to the second reactor, or second fixed catalyst bed, with conversion of said ethylene and water to a C2-C7 olefinic mixture with the second catalyst(s) in high yields with minimal aromatic compound formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
• C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• C07C 11/06 - Propene
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/09 - Isobutene
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

27277 olefinic mixture with the second catalyst(s) in high yields with minimal aromatic compound formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• C07C 11/06 - Propene
• C07C 11/09 - Isobutene
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms
• C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Goods & Services

Compiling indexes of information using blockchain technology and distributed ledger technology (dlt) Software as a service (saas) services, namely, blockchain software; software as a service (saas) services, namely, distributed ledger technology (dlt) software; non-downloadable cloud-based software, namely, blockchain software; non-downloadable cloud-based software, namely, distributed ledger technology (dlt) software; blockchain and distributed ledger technology (dlt) quality control service for others; blockchain and distributed ledger technology (dlt) computer technology consultancy; technological research service, namely, computing system development in the field of blockchain and distributed ledger technology (dlt); blockchain and distributed ledger technology (dlt) computer project management; electronic digital data storage via blockchain and distributed ledger technology (dlt); non-downloadable cloud-based software, namely, software for managing and validating transactions using blockchain-based smart contracts

Abstract

This present disclosure relates to a catalytic process for upgrading crude and/or refined fusel oil mixtures to higher value renewable 2-methyl-2-butene, via novel doped alumina catalysts. It was found that passing a vaporized stream of crude and/or refined fusel oils over doped alumina catalysts provides renewable 2-methyl-2-butene in high yields in a single step. Subsequent downstream purification of the reactor effluent results in a renewable 2-methyl-2-butene at competitive price and quality to fossil fuel derived 2-methyl-2-butene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/00 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

This present disclosure relates to a catalytic process for upgrading crude and/or refined fusel oil mixtures to higher value renewable 2-methyl-2-butene, via novel doped alumina catalysts. It was found that passing a vaporized stream of crude and/or refined fusel oils over doped alumina catalysts provides renewable 2-methyl-2-butene in high yields in a single step. Subsequent downstream purification of the reactor effluent results in a renewable 2-methyl-2-butene at competitive price and quality to fossil fuel derived 2-methyl-2-butene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/00 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

This present disclosure relates to catalytic processes for oligomerizing bio-based olefmic mixtures to higher value renewable fuels via a doped Chabazite zeolite catalyst. A stream including a C2-C8 olefin and an oxygenate is fed to an oligomerization process utilizing a doped Chabazite zeolite catalyst resulting in high yields and selectivity of oligomers used to produce bio-based jet fuel and/or diesel fuels depending upon reaction temperatures and pressures. The process also produces iso-octane that is suitable for producing bio-based gasoline. The process tolerates relatively high levels of oxygenates in the olefmic feed and the catalyst is capable of air regeneration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

288 olefin and an oxygenate is fed to an oligomerization process utilizing a doped Chabazite zeolite catalyst resulting in high yields and selectivity of oligomers used to produce bio-based jet fuel and/or diesel fuels depending upon reaction temperatures and pressures. The process also produces iso-octane that is suitable for producing bio-based gasoline. The process tolerates relatively high levels of oxygenates in the olefmic feed and the catalyst is capable of air regeneration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

8 alcohols) in the feed stream. Accordingly, the present disclosure is uniquely suited to the production of fuels derived from bio-based alcohols, wherein olefins produced from such bio-based alcohols typically contain high levels of oxygenates.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• B01J 29/65 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the ferrierite type, e.g. types ZSM-21, ZSM-35 or ZSM-38
• C07C 2/08 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 2/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
• C07C 2/06 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• C07C 2/10 - Catalytic processes with metal oxides
• C07C 2/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons

Abstract

This present disclosure relates to catalytic processes for upgrading crude and/or refined fusel oil mixtures to higher value renewable chemicals, via mixed metal oxide or zeolite catalysts. Disclosed herein are processes passing a vaporized stream of crude and/or refined fusel oils over various mixed metal oxide catalysts, metal doped zeolites, or non-metal doped zeolites and/or metal oxides providing options to valorize fusel oil mixtures to higher value products. Renewable chemicals formed, via these upgrading catalyst platforms, are comprised of, but not limited to, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), di-isobutyl ketone (DIBK), isoamylene, and isoprene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 45/00 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds
• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
• B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
• C07C 45/29 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of hydroxy groups
• B01J 23/04 - Alkali metals
• B01J 23/06 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of zinc, cadmium or mercury
• B01J 23/20 - Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
• B01J 23/34 - Manganese
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 37/28 - Phosphorising
• C07C 27/00 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds
• C07C 67/00 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• C08F 236/00 - Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
• C08F 236/08 - Isoprene

Abstract

This present disclosure relates to catalytic processes for upgrading crude and/or refined fusel oil mixtures to higher value renewable chemicals, via mixed metal oxide or zeolite catalysts. Disclosed herein are processes passing a vaporized stream of crude and/or refined fusel oils over various mixed metal oxide catalysts, metal doped zeolites, or non-metal doped zeolites and/or metal oxides providing options to valorize fusel oil mixtures to higher value products. Renewable chemicals formed, via these upgrading catalyst platforms, are comprised of, but not limited to, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), di-isobutyl ketone (DIBK), isoamylene, and isoprene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 5/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
• C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives
• C07C 45/00 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds
• C07C 67/03 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
• C08F 236/00 - Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
• C08F 236/08 - Isoprene

Abstract

This present disclosure relates to catalytic processes for upgrading crude and/or refined fusel oil mixtures to higher value renewable chemicals, via mixed metal oxide or zeolite catalysts. Disclosed herein are processes passing a vaporized stream of crude and/or refined fusel oils over various mixed metal oxide catalysts, metal doped zeolites, or non-metal doped zeolites and/or metal oxides providing options to valorize fusel oil mixtures to higher value products. Renewable chemicals formed, via these upgrading catalyst platforms, are comprised of, but not limited to, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), di-isobutyl ketone (DIBK), isoamylene, and isoprene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 5/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
• C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives
• C07C 45/00 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds
• C07C 67/03 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
• C08F 236/00 - Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
• C08F 236/08 - Isoprene

Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods and materials for oligomerization of lower olefins (e.g., C2-C8) to transportations fuels including diesel and/or jet fuel. The oligomerization employs, in certain embodiments, tungstated zirconium catalysts. Surprisingly, the oligomerizations proceed smoothly in high yields and exhibit little to no sensitivity to the presence of significant amounts of oxygenates (e.g., water, lower alcohols such as C2-C8 alcohols) in the feed stream. Accordingly, the present disclosure is uniquely suited to the production of fuels derived from biobased alcohols, wherein olefins produced from such bio-based alcohols typically contain high levels of oxygenates.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/24 - Catalytic processes with metals
• C07C 2/12 - Catalytic processes with crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• C07C 5/03 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
• C07C 6/02 - Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
• C08G 61/02 - Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
• C10C 1/20 - Refining by chemical means
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

Provided herein are processes and microorganisms which utilize both protein hydrolysates and carbohydrates from biomass feedstocks to produce renewable hydrocarbon compositions. Advantages of the disclosed methods may be recognized in fuel blends comprising such hydrocarbon compositions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C10L 1/18 - Organic compounds containing oxygen
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12P 5/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons
• F02D 19/08 - Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
• C10L 1/183 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom

Abstract

The invention relates to recombinant host cells having at least one integrated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide that catalyzes a step in a pyruvate-utilizing biosynthetic pathway, e.g., pyruvate to acetolactate conversion. The invention also relates to methods of increasing the biosynthetic production of isobutanol, 2,3-butanediol, 2-butanol or 2-butanone using such host cells.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12P 7/18 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic polyhydric
• C12P 7/26 - Ketones
• C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes

Abstract

Provided herein are processes for producing an improved culture of cells comprising an engineered butanol biosynthetic pathway. The processes comprise (a) providing a cell culture of recombinant microorganisms comprising an engineered butanol biosynthetic pathway, wherein the engineered butanol biosynthetic pathway is minimal or not activated; and (b) growing the culture of recombinant microorganisms under adaptive conditions whereby pathway activation is increased to produce an improved cell culture and whereby the improved cell culture is capable of continuing to grow in fermentation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 1/36 - Adaptation or attenuation of cells
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes

Abstract

The present disclosure is directed to methods, approaches, devices, equipment, and systems for minimizing or reducing contamination in facilities implementing fermentation or distillation processes. In embodiments, the facility is a biofuel plant that produces fermentation product such as product alcohol like butanol. In some embodiments, the methods, approaches, devices, equipment, and systems are operable to implement clean in place contamination (CIP) mitigation techniques that can also include sterilize in place (SIP) mitigation techniques to decontaminate equipment including surfaces of the equipment that come in contact with materials used in the production of product alcohols. Other cleaning and contamination minimizing techniques are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
• B08B 9/08 - Cleaning of containers, e.g. tanks
• C11D 11/00 - Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
• B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
• C12F 3/00 - Recovery of by-products
• A61L 2/04 - Heat

Abstract

The invention relates to the fields of industrial microbiology and alcohol production including production of yeast products with features suitable for transport, storage, and utilization in fermentation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/24 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 9/22 - Ribonucleases
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 1/16 - YeastsCulture media therefor

Abstract

Methods of screening for dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (DHAD) variants that display increased DHAD activity are disclosed, along with DHAD variants identified by these methods. Such enzymes can result in increased production of compounds from DHAD requiring biosynthetic pathways. Also disclosed are isolated nucleic acids encoding the DHAD variants, recombinant host cells comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecules, and methods of producing butanol.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12P 7/40 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group
• B01D 11/04 - Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes

Abstract

z mixed oxide catalyst or a bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst. In particular embodiments, the ethanol to be converted is present at molar concentrations in the reactor feed equal to or exceeding 14%.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
• C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
• C07C 45/51 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition
• B01J 37/03 - PrecipitationCo-precipitation
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalystsProcesses, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 23/06 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of zinc, cadmium or mercury
• B01J 23/18 - Arsenic, antimony or bismuth
• C07C 2/06 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• C07C 2/52 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 45/00 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds
• C07C 51/16 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by oxidation
• C07C 67/03 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
• C08F 236/08 - Isoprene
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 23/10 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of rare earths

Abstract

The present invention is related to a recombinant host cell, in particular a yeast cell, comprising a dihydroxy-acid dehydratase polypeptide. The invention is also related to a recombinant host cell having increased specific activity of the dihydroxy-acid dehydratase polypeptide as a result of increased expression of the polypeptide, modulation of the Fe—S cluster biosynthesis of the cell, or a combination thereof. The present invention also includes methods of using the host cells, as well as, methods for identifying polypeptides that increase the flux in an Fe—S cluster biosynthesis pathway in a host cell.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C07K 14/395 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from fungi from yeasts from Saccharomyces
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12P 7/40 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group
• C12P 13/02 - Amides, e.g. chloramphenicol
• C12P 13/04 - Alpha- or beta-amino acids
• C12Q 1/527 - Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganismsCompositions thereforProcesses of preparing such compositions involving lyase
• G01N 33/573 - ImmunoassayBiospecific binding assayMaterials therefor for enzymes or isoenzymes
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts

Abstract

The present invention is related to recombinant host cells comprising: (i) at least one deletion, mutation, and/or substitution in an endogenous gene encoding a polypeptide that converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde, acetyl-phosphate or acetyl-CoA; and (ii) a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having phosphoketolase activity. The present invention is also related to recombinant host cells further comprising (iii) a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having phosphotransacetylase activity.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 1/20 - BacteriaCulture media therefor
• C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
• C07H 21/04 - Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)

Abstract

Polypeptides having ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity are provided. Also disclosed are recombinant host cells comprising isobutanol biosynthetic pathways employing such polypeptides. Methods for producing isobutanol employing host cells comprising the polypeptides having ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity are also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes

Abstract

Systems and processes for the production of fuel and fuel blends involve the production of fuels for blending with one or more alcohols such as ethanol and/or butanol. A method for producing a fuel blend includes blending a light distillate product from an oil refinery with butanol. The fuel blending can be at the oil refinery.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof
• C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10G 35/04 - Catalytic reforming
• C10G 63/00 - Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process
• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
• C10G 65/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
• C10G 69/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of catalytic cracking in the absence of hydrogen
• C10G 69/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of reforming naphtha
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
• C10G 45/44 - Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
• C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only

Abstract

M for NADH and GPD enzymes with substantially the same affinity for NADH and NADPH and/or are feedback inhibited by glycerol-3-phosphate. Also provided herein are recombinant microorganisms comprising a heterologous gene encoding GPD and a deletion or disruption in an endogenous gene encoding GPD. Also provided are recombinant microorganisms comprising a heterologous gene encoding GPD and a butanol biosynthetic pathway. Further provided are methods of producing butanol comprising providing the recombinant microorganisms described herein and contacting the recombinant microorganism with at least one fermentable carbon substrate under conditions wherein butanol is produced.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 1/20 - BacteriaCulture media therefor
• C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
• C07H 21/02 - Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with ribosyl as saccharide radical
• C07K 1/00 - General processes for the preparation of peptides
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase

Abstract

A process for determining the distillation characteristics of a liquid petroleum product that contains an azeotropic mixture of an oxygenated or nitrogen-containing component and at least one petroleum blending component.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)
• G06F 17/11 - Complex mathematical operations for solving equations
• G06F 17/50 - Computer-aided design
• G01N 33/28 - Oils
• G01N 25/08 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phaseInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating sintering of boiling point

Abstract

Gasoline blends and methods for producing gasoline blends containing high concentrations of a butanol isomer and having good cold start and warm-up driveability characteristics are disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/00 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• G01N 33/22 - FuelsExplosives

Abstract

The invention relates to butanol compositions for fuel blending and fuel blends comprising such compositions. The compositions and fuel blends of the invention have desirable performance characteristics and can serve as alternatives to ethanol-containing fuel blends. The invention also relates to methods for producing such butanol compositions and fuel blends.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 10/14 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof
• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds
• C10L 10/10 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
• C10L 1/183 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom

Abstract

The invention relates to recombinant host cells having at least one integrated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide that catalyzes a step in a pyruvate-utilizing biosynthetic pathway, e.g., pyruvate to acetolactate conversion. The invention also relates to methods of increasing the biosynthetic production of isobutanol, 2,3-butanediol, 2-butanol or 2-butanone using such host cells.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 1/20 - BacteriaCulture media therefor
• C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
• C12N 1/12 - Unicellular algaeCulture media therefor
• C07H 21/04 - Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
• C12P 7/18 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic polyhydric
• C12P 7/26 - Ketones
• C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats

Abstract

This application relates to the production of functionalized lower hydrocarbons and more particularly to the process of converting ethanol to functionalized lower hydrocarbons. In particular embodiments, the ethanol to functionalized lower hydrocarbon conversion is catalyzed by a ZnxZryAvQsMnwOz mixed oxide catalyst or a bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst. In particular embodiments, the ethanol to be converted is present at molar concentrations in the reactor feed equal to or exceeding 14%.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon

Abstract

Provided herein are polypeptides having ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity as well as microbial host cells comprising such polypeptides. Polypeptides provided herein may be used in biosynthetic pathways, including, but not limited to, isobutanol biosynthetic pathways.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12P 13/06 - AlanineLeucineIsoleucineSerineHomoserine
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12P 7/44 - Polycarboxylic acids
• C12P 7/42 - Hydroxy carboxylic acids
• C12P 13/02 - Amides, e.g. chloramphenicol
• C12P 13/08 - LysineDiaminopimelic acidThreonineValine

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing butanol through microbial fermentation, in which the butanol product is removed by extraction into a water immiscible organic extractant during the fermentation. The invention also relates to a method for producing butanol through microbial fermentation, in which the butanol product is removed during the fermentation by extraction into a water-immiscible extractant composition. The invention further relates to compositions comprising a solution of butanol in a water immiscible organic extractant composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 31/12 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing four carbon atoms
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C07C 29/76 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment
• C07C 29/86 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by liquid-liquid treatment

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing butanol through microbial fermentation, in which the butanol product is removed by extraction into a water immiscible organic extractant composition during the fermentation. The invention also relates to a method for producing butanol through microbial fermentation, in which the butanol product is removed during the fermentation by extraction into a water-immiscible extractant composition comprising a first solvent having a butanol partition coefficient of at least 3, and a second solvent having a butanol partition coefficient, wherein the butanol partition coefficient of the first solvent is higher than the butanol partition coefficient of the second solvent. Optionally, the first solvent has a higher concentration of hydrogen bonding sites than the second solvent. The invention further relates to a composition including butanol in the water immiscible organic extractant composition described above.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C07C 31/12 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing four carbon atoms
• C07C 29/76 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment
• C07C 29/86 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by liquid-liquid treatment

Abstract

Yeast cells with reduced activity of certain enzymes involved in branched chain amino acid biosynthesis in yeast mitochondria are described. Target enzymes include threonine deaminase, isopropylmalate synthase, and optionally branched chain amino acid transaminase.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 1/16 - YeastsCulture media therefor
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols

Abstract

The present invention relates to a catalytic process for making isooctenes using a reactant comprising isobutanol and water. The isooctenes so produced are useful for the production of fuel additives.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 5/03 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
• C12P 5/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons acyclic
• C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/18 - Organic compounds containing oxygen
• C07C 9/21 - 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
• C07C 29/04 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2 by hydration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds
• C07C 41/06 - Preparation of ethers by addition of compounds to unsaturated compounds by addition of organic compounds only
• C07C 1/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by reduction
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof
• C10L 1/185 - EthersAcetalsKetalsAldehydesKetones

Abstract

Methods for the fermentative production of four carbon alcohols is provided. Specifically, butanol, preferably isobutanol is produced by the fermentative growth of a recombinant bacterium expressing an isobutanol biosynthetic pathway.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)
• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase
• C12N 9/06 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.7)
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
• C12N 15/70 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli
• C12N 15/75 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora for Bacillus
• C12N 15/74 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora

Abstract

Methods for the fermentative production of four carbon alcohols is provided. Specifically, butanol, preferably isobutanol is produced by the fermentative growth of a recombinant bacterium expressing an isobutanol biosynthetic pathway.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase
• C12N 9/06 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.7)
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
• C12N 15/70 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli
• C12N 15/75 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora for Bacillus
• C12N 15/74 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora

Abstract

The invention relates to the development of microorganisms capable of producing fermentation products via an engineered pathway in the microorganisms. The invention also relates to microorganisms with improved cell viability and methods to improve cell viability and cell productivity of a microorganism.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
• C12N 15/74 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora
• C12P 7/04 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
• C12P 7/06 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C07H 21/04 - Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
• C07K 14/39 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from fungi from yeasts
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
• C07K 14/395 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from fungi from yeasts from Saccharomyces
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)

Abstract

Saccharomyces clade, Crabtree-negative yeast microorganisms, Crabtree-positive yeast microorganisms, post-WGD (whole genome duplication) yeast microorganisms, pre-WGD (whole genome duplication) yeast microorganisms, and non-fermenting yeast microorganisms.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 1/19 - YeastsCulture media therefor modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 9/90 - Isomerases (5.)
• C12N 9/60 - Proteinases derived from fungi from yeast

Abstract

This invention is directed to methods for recovery of C3-C6 alcohols. The recovery process advantageously utilizes the immiscible properties of a first phase liquid and a second phase liquid to separate the liquids prior to processing C3-C6 alcohols to recovery. The invention is also directed to C3-C6 alcohol-containing compositions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
• B01D 3/26 - Fractionating columns in which vapour and liquid flow pass each other, or in which the fluid is sprayed into the vapour, or in which a two-phase mixture is passed in one direction
• C07C 29/82 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation by azeotropic distillation
• B01D 3/14 - Fractional distillation

Abstract

The invention relates to butanol compositions for fuel blending and fuel blends comprising such compositions. The compositions and fuel blends of the invention have desirable performance characteristics and can serve as alternatives to ethanol-containing fuel blends. The invention also relates to methods for producing such butanol compositions and fuel blends.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds
• C10L 10/10 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number

Abstract

Methods for the fermentative production of four carbon alcohols is provided. Specifically, butanol, preferably isobutanol is produced by the fermentative growth of a recombinant bacterium expressing an isobutanol biosynthetic pathway.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 15/70 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
• C12N 15/74 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase
• C12N 9/06 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.7)
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
• C12N 15/75 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora for Bacillus

Abstract

A method for producing a gasoline blend having a high concentration of a butanol isomer and having good cold start and warm-up driveability performance.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof
• C10L 10/14 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties

Abstract

In an alcohol fermentation process, oil derived from biomass is hydrolyzed into an extractant available for in situ removal of a product alcohol such as butanol from a fermentation broth. The glycerides in the oil can be catalytically (e.g., enzymatically) hydrolyzed into free fatty acids, which form a fermentation product extractant having a partition coefficient for a product alcohol greater than a partition coefficient of the oil of the biomass for the product alcohol. Oil derived from a feedstock of an alcohol fermentation process can be hydrolyzed by contacting the feedstock including the oil with one or more enzymes whereby at least a portion of the oil is hydrolyzed into free fatty acids forming a fermentation product extractant, or the oil can be separated from the feedstock prior to the feedstock being fed to a fermentation vessel, and the separated oil can be contacted with the enzymes to form the fermentation product extractant. The fermentation product extractant can be contacted with a fermentation broth for in situ removal of a product alcohol.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 1/14 - Fungi Culture media therefor
• C12N 15/00 - Mutation or genetic engineeringDNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purificationUse of hosts therefor
• B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
• B01D 21/26 - Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force
• C07C 29/86 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by liquid-liquid treatment
• C11B 1/02 - Pretreatment
• C11B 13/00 - Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
• C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
• C12P 7/18 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic polyhydric

Abstract

Gasoline blends and methods for producing gasoline blends containing high concentrations of a butanol isomer and having good cold start and warm-up driveability characteristics are disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/18 - Organic compounds containing oxygen
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• G01N 33/22 - FuelsExplosives

Abstract

A gasoline blend and a method for producing a gasoline blend containing low concentrations of a butanol isomer and having good cold start and warm-up driveability characteristics are disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups

Abstract

The invention relates to suitable candidate alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes for production of lower alkyl alcohols including isobutanol. The invention also relates to recombinant host cells that comprise such ADH enzymes and methods for producing lower alkyl alcohols in the same.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase

Abstract

The present invention is related to recombinant host cells comprising: (i) at least one deletion, mutation, and/or substitution in an endogenous gene encoding a polypeptide that converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde, acetyl-phosphate, or acetyl-CoA; and (ii) a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having phosphoketolase activity. The present invention is also related to recombinant host cells further comprising (iii) a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having phosphotransacetylase activity.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 1/20 - BacteriaCulture media therefor
• C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
• C12N 9/00 - Enzymes, e.g. ligases (6.)ProenzymesCompositions thereofProcesses for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating, or purifying enzymes
• C12N 15/00 - Mutation or genetic engineeringDNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purificationUse of hosts therefor
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C07H 21/04 - Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
• C12N 15/74 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora
• C12P 7/18 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic polyhydric
• C12P 7/26 - Ketones
• C12P 7/46 - Dicarboxylic acids having four or less carbon atoms, e.g. fumaric acid, maleic acid
• C12P 7/56 - Lactic acid
• C12P 13/06 - AlanineLeucineIsoleucineSerineHomoserine
• C12P 13/08 - LysineDiaminopimelic acidThreonineValine

Abstract

Methods for the fermentative production of four carbon alcohols is provided. Specifically, butanol, preferably isobutanol is produced by the fermentative growth of a recombinant bacterium expressing an isobutanol biosynthetic pathway.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase
• C12N 9/06 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.7)
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts

Abstract

The present invention relates to processes to remove butanol and other product alcohols from a fermentation broth employing vacuum vaporization.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
• B01D 3/06 - Flash distillation

Abstract

Yeast cells with reduced activity of certain enzymes involved in branched chain amino acid biosynthesis in yeast mitochondria are described. Target enzymes include threonine deaminase, isopropylmalate synthase, and optionally branched chain amino acid transaminase.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 1/20 - BacteriaCulture media therefor
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts

Abstract

Provided herein are methods for recovering butanol from a fermentation medium. The methods comprise providing a fermentation medium comprising butanol, water, and a recombinant microorganism comprising a butanol biosynthetic pathway, wherein the recombinant microorganism produces butanol; contacting the fermentation medium with a water immiscible organic extractant composition comprising a dry solvent to form a butanol-containing organic phase and an aqueous phase; and recovering the butanol from the butanol-containing organic phase.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/86 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by liquid-liquid treatment
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols

Abstract

Methods of screening for dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (DHAD) variants that display increased DHAD activity are disclosed, along with DHAD variants identified by these methods. Such enzymes can result in increased production of compounds from DHAD requiring biosynthetic pathways. Also disclosed are isolated nucleic acids encoding the DHAD variants, recombinant host cells comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecules, and methods of producing butanol.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12P 7/40 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes

Abstract

M for NADH and GPD enzymes with substantially the same affinity for NADH and NADPH and/or are feedback inhibited by glycerol-3-phosphate. Also provided herein are recombinant microorganisms comprising a heterologous gene encoding GPD and a deletion or disruption in an endogenous gene encoding GPD. Also provided are recombinant microorganisms comprising a heterologous gene encoding GPD and a butanol biosynthetic pathway. Further provided are methods of producing butanol comprising providing the recombinant microorganisms described herein and contacting the recombinant microorganism with at least one fermentable carbon substrate under conditions wherein butanol is produced.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 1/20 - BacteriaCulture media therefor
• C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes

Abstract

The present invention relates to processes and systems for the production of fermentative products such as ethanol and butanol. The present invention also provides methods for separating feed stream components for improved biomass processing productivity.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 9/28 - Alpha-amylase from microbial source, e.g. bacterial amylase
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
• C12P 7/06 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage

Abstract

Saccharomyces Glade, Crabtree-negative yeast microorganisms, Crabtree-positive yeast microorganisms, post-WGD (whole genome duplication) yeast microorganisms, pre-WGD (whole genome duplication) yeast microorganisms, and non-fermenting yeast microorganisms.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)

Abstract

Dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (DHAD) variants that display increased DHAD activity are disclosed. Such enzymes can result in increased production of compounds from DHAD requiring biosynthetic pathways. Also disclosed are isolated nucleic acids encoding the DHAD variants, recombinant host cells comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecules, and methods of producing butanol.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 15/00 - Mutation or genetic engineeringDNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purificationUse of hosts therefor
• C12P 21/04 - Cyclic or bridged peptides or polypeptides, e.g. bacitracin
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12P 7/40 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group

Abstract

Achromobacter xylosoxidans.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 1/16 - YeastsCulture media therefor
• C12N 1/18 - Baker's yeastBrewer's yeast
• C12N 1/20 - BacteriaCulture media therefor
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols

Abstract

A high flux in conversion of pyruvate to acetolactate was achieved in yeast through expression of acetolactate synthase in the cytosol in conjunction with reduction in pyruvate decarboxylase activity. Additional manipulations to improve flux to acetolactate are reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and reduced glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Production of compounds having acetolactate as an upstream intermediate benefit from the increased conversion of pruvate to acetolactate in the described strains.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 1/16 - YeastsCulture media therefor
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12P 7/04 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic

Abstract

Provided herein are recombinant yeast host cells and methods for their use for production of fermentation products from a pyruvate utilizing pathway. Yeast host cells provided herein comprise reduced pyruvate decarboxylase activity and modified adenylate cyclase activity. In embodiments, yeast host cells provided herein comprise resistance to butanol and increased biomass production.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/18 - Organic compounds containing oxygen
• C12P 7/04 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)

Abstract

Polypeptides having ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity are provided. Also disclosed are recombinant host cells comprising isobutanol biosynthetic pathways employing such polypeptides. Methods for producing isobutanol employing host cells comprising the polypeptides having ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity are also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols

Abstract

Provided herein are processes comprising providing a fermentation medium comprising a fermentable carbon source, a recombinant microorganism comprising an engineered butanol biosynthetic pathway, and butanol; contacting said fermentation medium with an extractant composition comprising an effective amount of antioxidant or antioxidant-like compound, whereby at least a portion of the butanol in the fermentation medium partitions into the extractant; recovering at least a portion of the butanol and extractant composition from the fermentation medium; recycling the extractant composition recovered in (c) one or more times in the fermentation medium; optionally adjusting the effective amount of antioxidant or antioxidant-like compound in the extractant composition, whereby the rate of oxidation or effect of oxidized products in the recycled extractant composition is substantially reduced and/or avoided such that the extractant composition may be recycled.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 21/06 - Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
• C12P 7/04 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
• C07C 29/86 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by liquid-liquid treatment
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols

Abstract

A method for producing butanol through microbial fermentation, in which the butanol product is removed during the fermentation by extraction into a water-immiscible organic extractant in the presence of at least one electrolyte at a concentration at least sufficient to increase the butanol partition coefficient relative to that in the presence of the salt concentration of the basal fermentation medium, is provided. The electrolyte may comprise a salt which dissociates in the fermentation medium, or in the aqueous phase of a biphasic fermentation medium, to form free ions. Also provided is a method and composition for recovering butanol from a fermentation medium.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/00 - Enzymes, e.g. ligases (6.)ProenzymesCompositions thereofProcesses for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating, or purifying enzymes
• C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
• C12N 1/20 - BacteriaCulture media therefor
• C12N 15/00 - Mutation or genetic engineeringDNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purificationUse of hosts therefor
• C12N 5/00 - Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell linesTissuesCultivation or maintenance thereofCulture media therefor
• C07C 29/86 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by liquid-liquid treatment
• C12N 1/28 - Processes using, or culture media containing, hydrocarbons aliphatic
• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology

Abstract

The present invention relates to the fermentative production of alcohols including ethanol and butanol, and processes for improving alcohol fermentation employing in situ product removal methods.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/06 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
• C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
• C11B 1/02 - Pretreatment
• C11B 1/10 - Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
• C12P 7/14 - Multiple stages of fermentationMultiple types of microorganisms or reuse for microorganisms
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols

Abstract

The present invention relates to the production of fermentation products such as alcohols including ethanol and butanol, and processes employing in situ product removal methods.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
• C12P 7/06 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage

Abstract

The present application relates to recombinant microorganisms comprising biosynthetic pathways and methods of using said recombinant microorganisms to produce various beneficial metabolites, such as isobutanol. In various aspects of the invention, the recombinant microorganisms may be engineered to express at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a polypeptide with acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity, wherein said polypeptide is at least about 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-535.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
• C12N 1/21 - BacteriaCulture media therefor modified by introduction of foreign genetic material

Abstract

Pseudomonas that have undergone co-factor switching to utilize NADH are described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase
• C12N 15/00 - Mutation or genetic engineeringDNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purificationUse of hosts therefor
• C12P 21/06 - Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
• C12P 21/04 - Cyclic or bridged peptides or polypeptides, e.g. bacitracin
• C07H 21/04 - Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 15/70 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli
• C12N 15/10 - Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
• C12Q 1/26 - Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganismsCompositions thereforProcesses of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
• C12P 7/42 - Hydroxy carboxylic acids

Abstract

Methods for the fermentative production of four carbon alcohols is provided. Specifically, butanol, preferably isobutanol is produced by the fermentative growth of a recombinant bacterium expressing an isobutanol biosynthetic pathway.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 21/06 - Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
• C12P 7/04 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12N 9/00 - Enzymes, e.g. ligases (6.)ProenzymesCompositions thereofProcesses for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating, or purifying enzymes
• C12N 1/20 - BacteriaCulture media therefor
• C12N 15/00 - Mutation or genetic engineeringDNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purificationUse of hosts therefor
• C07H 21/04 - Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
• C12N 15/75 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora for Bacillus
• C12N 15/74 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora
• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase
• C12N 9/10 - Transferases (2.)
• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 9/06 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.7)
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 15/70 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli

Abstract

Provided herein are polypeptides having ketol-aid reductoisomerase activity as well as microbial host cells comprising such polypeptides. Polypeptides provided herein may be used in biosynthetic pathways, including, but not limited to, isobutanol biosynthetic pathways.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols

Abstract

16 alkanes which meet or exceed the requirements of ASTM D7566-10a for hydroprocessed synthesized paraffinic kerosene (SPK).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
• C07C 2/06 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
• C10G 69/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step

Abstract

The present application relates to recombinant microorganisms comprising engineered biosynthetic pathways and methods of using said recombinant microorganisms to produce various beneficial metabolites. In various aspects of the invention, the recombinant microorganisms may be engineered to reduce the expression and/or activity of at least one endogenous lactate-cytochrome-c-reductase ("LCR"). In one embodiment, the LCR is a L-lactate-cytochrome-c-reductase ("L-LCR"). In another embodiment, the LCR is a D-lactate-cytochrome-c-reductase ("D-LCR").

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/16 - Butanols

Abstract

The present invention is related to a recombinant host cell, in particular a yeast cell, comprising a dihydroxy-acid dehydratase polypeptide. The invention is also related to a recombinant host cell having increased specific activity of the dihydroxy-acid dehydratase polypeptide as a result of increased expression of the polypeptide, modulation of the Fe—S cluster biosynthesis of the cell, or a combination thereof. The present invention also includes methods of using the host cells, as well as, methods for identifying polypeptides that increase the flux in an Fe—S cluster biosynthesis pathway in a host cell.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C07K 14/395 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from fungi from yeasts from Saccharomyces
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12P 7/40 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group
• C12P 13/02 - Amides, e.g. chloramphenicol
• C12P 13/04 - Alpha- or beta-amino acids
• C12Q 1/527 - Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganismsCompositions thereforProcesses of preparing such compositions involving lyase
• G01N 33/573 - ImmunoassayBiospecific binding assayMaterials therefor for enzymes or isoenzymes

Abstract

The present invention is related to a recombinant host cell, in particular a yeast cell, comprising a dihydroxy-acid dehydratase polypeptide. The invention is also related to a recombinant host cell having increased specific activity of the dihydroxy-acid dehydratase polypeptide as a result of increased expression of the polypeptide, modulation of the Fe—S cluster biosynthesis of the cell, or a combination thereof. The present invention also includes methods of using the host cells, as well as, methods for identifying polypeptides that increase the flux in an Fe—S cluster biosynthesis pathway in a host cell.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12N 15/81 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C07K 14/395 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from fungi from yeasts from Saccharomyces
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12P 7/40 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group
• C12P 13/02 - Amides, e.g. chloramphenicol
• C12P 13/04 - Alpha- or beta-amino acids
• C12Q 1/527 - Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganismsCompositions thereforProcesses of preparing such compositions involving lyase
• G01N 33/573 - ImmunoassayBiospecific binding assayMaterials therefor for enzymes or isoenzymes

Abstract

A group of bacterial dihydroxy-acid dehydratases having a [2Fe-2S] cluster was discovered. Bacterial [2Fe-2S] DHADs were expressed as heterologous proteins in bacteria and yeast cells, providing DHAD activity for conversion of 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate to α-ketoisovalerate or 2,3-dihydroxymethylvalerate to α-ketomethylvalerate. Isobutanol and other compounds may be synthesized in pathways that include bacterial [2Fe-2S] DHAD activity.

IPC Classes  ?

• C40B 30/00 - Methods of screening libraries
• C12P 21/00 - Preparation of peptides or proteins
• G06F 19/22 - for sequence comparison involving nucleotides or amino acids, e.g. homology search, motif or Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism [SNP] discovery or sequence alignment
• C12P 7/16 - Butanols
• C12P 7/40 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group
• C12P 13/06 - AlanineLeucineIsoleucineSerineHomoserine
• C12P 13/08 - LysineDiaminopimelic acidThreonineValine
• C12N 1/21 - BacteriaCulture media therefor modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
• C12N 1/19 - YeastsCulture media therefor modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 15/00 - Mutation or genetic engineeringDNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purificationUse of hosts therefor
• C12N 5/10 - Cells modified by introduction of foreign genetic material, e.g. virus-transformed cells