In the present invention, the system is equipped with a flow rate adjustment valve 160 provided in a flow path 150 on the downstream side of a first heat exchanger 130, said flow rate adjustment valve 160 controlling the flow rate of steam. The flow rate of the steam is controlled by the flow rate adjustment valve 160 so as to maintain the preheating temperature of a slurry and to keep the pressure of the steam for preheating the slurry higher than the pressure of the slurry. By preheating a slurry that contains wet biomass using high-pressure steam of at least the pressure of the supercritical water gasification system via the first heat exchanger 130, the heat exchanger 130 can be made more compact while minimizing fuel consumption, the generation of tar and char can be suppressed, clogging of the pipes of the heat exchanger 130 can be avoided, and fuel gases such as methane and hydrogen can be generated more efficiently from the wet biomass.
In the present invention, a first heat exchanger 130 preheats a slurry body including a water-containing biomass by using steam from a drum type boiler 140, thereby making it possible to minimize the fuel cost, reduce the size of the first heat exchanger 130, suppress the generation of tar and char, prevent the piping of the first heat exchanger 130 from blocking, and more efficiently generate a fuel gas. Further, when preheating is performed, a flow rate adjusting valve 160 adjusts the flow rate of the steam to control the temperature of the slurry body at the outlet of the first heat exchanger 130, thereby making it possible to avoid insufficient increase in temperature of the slurry body at the outlet of the first heat exchanger 130. Therefore, the present invention can eliminate the heater provided between the first heat exchanger 130 and a gasification reactor 141 in the conventional system.
The present invention enables manufacturing of a plumbing reinforcement material with which it is possible to effectively reduce stress exerted in the axial direction of a pipe. This method comprises: a preparation step (step S3a) for preparing a tubular member (125) having a profile larger than that of a portion to be reinforced of a pipe (150); and a segmentation step (step S5) for segmenting the tubular member along a segmentation line (127) parallel to the axial direction so as to form a plurality of segmented pieces (129). The reinforcement material (100) obtained by the present invention comprises a plurality of segmented bodies (110) having an integral structure in the axial direction.
The purpose of the present invention is to reliably prevent blockage of pipes. The present invention is characterized in that, in a pipe in which a viscous body or a solid derived from a fluid 37 flowing in a pressurized state adheres as a deposit 65 to a predetermined range along the flow direction on the inner walls of the pipe, the deposit 65 is discharged from the pipe as a consequence of the opening of a valve 61 attached in the vicinity of the predetermined range when a first pressure that is the pressure on the upstream side of the predetermined range is no less than a predetermined allowable value.
The present invention comprises: a gasification reactor 141 that subjects a slurry generated by adjusting biomass to a gasification process using supercritical water; a heat exchanger 130 that preheats the slurry before the slurry is subjected to the gasification process using supercritical water by the gasification reactor 141; a supercritical pressure boiler 140 that discharges steam at a pressure that is greater than or equal to the pressure in a supercritical water gasification system; a circulation flow path 150 that links the supercritical pressure boiler 140 and the heat exchanger 130 so as to allow circulation therebetween; and a circulation pump 161 for circulating the steam, said circulation pump being installed in the circulation flow path 150. The heat exchanger 130 preheats a slurry that includes water-containing biomass by circulating high-pressure steam of a pressure that is greater than or equal to the pressure in a supercritical water gasification system. Consequently, fuel consumption is kept to a minimum, the heat exchanger 130 can be made more compact, the generation of tar and char is suppressed so that clogging of tubes of the heat exchanger 130 can be avoided, and a fuel gas such as methane or hydrogen can be efficiently generated from the water-containing biomass.
In this gasification system 10, there are provided differential pressure measurement units 34a-34c, 35a, 35b for measuring the differential pressure between the inlets and outlets of a heat exchanger 31, a heater 32, and a gasification reactor 33. When measurement results from these differential pressure measurement units 34a-34c, 35a, 35b are elevated above a reference value based on the differential pressure in the absence of adhesion of tar, etc., viscous fluid adhering to pipe inner wall surfaces of the heat exchanger 31, heater 32, and gasification reactor 33 is decomposed and removed by replacing the slurry circulating within the gasification system 10 with pure water and then injecting aqueous hydrogen peroxide (oxidizing agent) from an injection device 50 via a pump 51 into the location where the above elevated measurement result was found, the injection taking place for a prescribed time, in a prescribed amount, or until the differential pressure falls to the reference value. This makes it possible to preempt blockage of the pipe flow path and/or a decrease in the heat transfer rate caused by clogging by the viscous fluid, as well as to reduce equipment costs by increasing the continuous operating time to thereby raise the equipment utilization rate.
In the present invention, a first demister 52a that divides the interior of a separator body 50 of a gas-liquid separator 43 into upper and lower sections, allows the passage of a gas component in processed fluid, and blocks the passage of a liquid component is provided inside the separator body 50 at a position above an introduction path 51. Furthermore, a cleaning nozzle 53 that sprays cleaning fluid is provided above the first demister 52a, a pressure adjusting valve 56 that maintains the pressure inside the separator body 50 within a constant range is provided in a gas flow passage 55 communicating with a gas exit port 54 above the cleaning nozzle 53, and a discharge port 57 through which the separated liquid component accumulating at the bottom of the separator body 50 is discharged is provided. As a result, it is possible to prevent solid components, such as activated carbon and inorganic materials, and viscous fluid, such as tar and scum, from flowing into the gas flow passage 55, through which gas is extracted from the gas-liquid separator 43, and thus, to avoid, in advance, closing of the gas flow passage 55 due to clogging with these solid components and viscous fluid and to ensure the passage of gas in the gas flow passage 55.
The present invention is provided with a thermal treatment unit for subjecting slurry which is formulated from biomass in a raw material formulation unit to gasification by heating, and a gas treatment unit for extracting a fuel gas from a high-temperature fluid in a supercritical state that is sent from the thermal treatment unit. The thermal treatment unit has a gasification reactor for subjecting the slurry to a gasification treatment by heating to generate the high-temperature fluid in the supercritical state. The gasification reactor heats the slurry sent from the raw material formulation unit to a gasification reaction temperature which allows gasification so that organic matter contained in the slurry is subjected to a hydrothermal treatment. Specifically, the temperature of the slurry is rapidly increased in the gasification reactor so that the slurry is subjected to gasification under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and thereby can be efficiently heated. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a heat exchanger for preheating upstream of the gasification reactor, and therefore, the generation of tar or char can be inhibited. As a result, the gasification of biomass can be efficiently performed.
The purpose of the present invention is to efficiently treat biomass in a biomass treatment system. This biomass treatment system 20, for heat treating a slurry generated from raw material that includes biomass, is provided with a separation unit 31 in which an organic substance that contains proteins, fats and/or dietary fibers is separated as a first separated substance from the raw material. A slurry is produced from a second separated substance, which is the residual substance left over after the first separated substance has been separated by the separation unit 31, and the generated slurry is heat treated.
In the present invention, provided is a first piping inside which a slurry moves so as to perform heat exchange with an external fluid. The end section of the first piping on the downstream side thereof has a shape such that the amount of the slurry adhered to the inner wall of the first piping becomes less than a prescribed amount.
F28D 7/10 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
11.
HEAT EXCHANGE DEVICE AND FUEL GAS GENERATION DEVICE
The present invention is provided with the following: a first piping inside of which a slurry moves so as to perform heat exchange with an external first fluid; a second piping that is connected to the first piping at the downstream side of the first piping so that the slurry supplied from the first piping moves inside the second piping; and a heating device that heats the second piping so that the amount of the slurry adhered to the inner wall of the second piping becomes less than a prescribed amount.
F28D 7/10 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
The purpose of the present invention is to efficiently treat biomass in a biomass treatment system. This biomass treatment system 20, for heat treating a slurry generated from raw material that includes biomass, is provided with a raw material separation unit 31 in which an organic substance that contains proteins, fats and/or dietary fibers is separated as a first separated substance from the raw material, an alkaline treatment unit 32 in which an alkaline solution is added to and reacted with a second separated substance, which is the residual substance left over after the first separated substance has been separated by the raw material separation unit 31, and a sediment separation unit 36 in which the sediment produced by the reaction in the alkaline treatment unit 32 is separated off. A slurry is produced from the solution from which the sediment has been separated.
The purpose of the present invention is to enable efficient gasification of biomass. This gasification system is provided with: a heat exchanger 31 provided with a low-temperature flow path 36 through which a slurry flows which is obtained by preparing biomass which is the gasification raw material, and a high temperature flow path 37 into which a high-temperature fluid in a supercritical state is introduced and through which said introduced high-temperature fluid flows while undergoing heat exchange with the slurry in the low-temperature flow path 36; a gasification reactor 33 which further heats the slurry heated by the heat exchanger 31, bringing the slurry to a temperature at which said slurry is in a supercritical state and can be gasified; and an introduction path 35 into which the slurry, in the supercritical state, is introduced into the high temperature flow path 37 as a high-temperature fluid. The gasification system 10 is further provided with a pressurization device 38 which is disposed in the introduction path 35 and which pressurizes the supercritical-state slurry and introduces the same into the high temperature flow path 37.
The present invention relates to a gasification system which produces a fuel gas by decomposition treatment of a slurry, in a supercritical state, produced by preparing biomass, and the purpose of the present invention is the efficient gasification of biomass. This gasification system 10 is provided with a heat exchanger 31 which heats the slurry by means of heat exchange between the slurry and a high-temperature fluid in a supercritical state, and a gasification reactor 33 which heats the slurry from the heat exchanger 31 to produce the high-temperature fluid in the supercritical state. The high-temperature fluid produced in the gasification reactor 33 circulates in a high-temperature flow path 37 in the heat exchanger 31. A low-temperature flow path 36 is divided into a first block 36a for circulating the slurry, and a second block 36b for circulating a fluid which has a lower pressure than that of the high-temperature fluid and which is used in a heat engine in another system. In the first block 36a, heat exchange is performed between the slurry and the high-temperature fluid in a temperature region in which the specific heat at constant pressure is less than or equal to a prescribed value. The second block is disposed in an area outside of the first block.
The present invention comprises: a gasification reactor 141 which subjects a slurry body generated from a feedstock comprising biomass to a gasification process using supercritical water; and a heat exchanger 130 which preheats the slurry body before the slurry body is subjected to the gasification process using supercritical water by the gasification reactor 141. The present invention is provided with a supercritical pressure boiler 140 (180) which discharges steam at a pressure which is equal to or greater than the pressure in a supercritical water gasification system. The heat exchanger 130 uses the steam discharged from the supercritical pressure boiler 140 (180) to preheat the slurry body. Consequently, preheating the slurry body that includes water-containing biomass with the heat exchanger 130 using high pressure steam equal to or greater than the pressure in the supercritical water gasification system allows the heat exchanger 130 to be small, reduces generation of tar and char so that clogging of tubes of the heat exchanger 130 is avoided, and allows efficient generation of fuel gas such as methane or hydrogen from the water-containing biomass.
The present invention addresses the problem of suppressing the generation of tar in a high temperature range when heating and pressurizing water that includes a gasifying feedstock so that the water is in a supercritical state and degrading the gasifying feedstock to obtain a fuel gas. The present invention is a gasifier which produces a feedstock slurry from a gasifying feedstock that includes a polymer compound, degrades the gasifying feedstock by heating and pressurizing water that includes the gasifying feedstock so that the water is in a supercritical state, and obtains a fuel gas. The gasifier is characterized by comprising a scavenger addition unit 41 which adds a radical scavenger to the feedstock slurry and a gasifying unit 40 that heats and pressurizes the water that includes the gasifying feedstock in the feedstock slurry to which the radical scavenger has been added until the water is in a supercritical state.
The purpose of the present invention is to enhance the heat exchange efficiency of a heat exchanger and thus efficiently gasify a raw material for gasification. This gasification system (100) is configured so as to include: a counter flow heat exchanger (30) that is provided with both a low-temperature side flow channel (36) through which a raw material for gasification flows and a high-temperature side flow channel (37) into which a supercritical gasification product stream is introduced and by which the temperature of the raw material is raised; a gasification reactor (50) for heating and pressurizing the raw material heated in the counter flow heat exchanger (30), gasifying the raw material in a supercritical state, and discharging a supercritical product stream which is to be introduced into the high-temperature side flow channel (37); and a product stream flow channel (55) for leading the product stream discharged from the gasification reactor (50) to the counter flow heat exchanger (30). The gasification system (100) is further provided with an external heating means (35) for introducing the raw material into the low-temperature side flow channel (36), taking out the introduced raw material at a position along the low-temperature flow channel (36), heating the raw material taken out, and returning the heated raw material to the low-temperature flow channel (36) at a position on the raw-material-wise-downstream side of the position at which the raw material has been taken out.
Provided is a double tube comprising: a cylindrical outer tube; a cylindrical inner tube provided inside the outer tube, and provided with a helical protrusion on the outer circumferential surface of the inner tube; and a helical flow passage forming member provided inside the inner tube, and forming a helical flow passage inside the inner tube.
F28D 7/10 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
F28F 1/36 - Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically-wound fins or wire spirals
F28F 1/40 - Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
19.
HEAT EXCHANGER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HEAT EXCHANGER
This heat exchanger has: a flow channel unit wherein multiple planar flow channel bodies each comprising two flow channels adjacent to each other in the same plane are layered in an intersecting direction intersecting that plane, said flow channel unit being configured such that in two planar flow channel bodies that are adjacent in the intersecting direction among the layered multiple planar flow channel bodies, one of the two channel ports of each flow channel of one planar flow channel body is connected to a respective one of the two flow channel ports of each flow channel of the other planar flow channel body, said two channels ports of each flow channel being the two ends of that flow channel; and a high-pressure pipe covering the outside of the flow channel unit.
F28D 9/04 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being formed by spirally-wound plates or laminae
F28F 3/08 - Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
F28F 3/12 - Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
20.
APPARATUS FOR GASIFICATION WITH SUPERCRITICAL FLUID
[Problem] In a gasification apparatus that heats and pressurizes a gasification feed to obtain a fluid in a supercritical state and subjects the gasification feed to a degradation process to obtain a fuel gas, to effectively utilize energy of the processed fluid. [Solution] A gasification apparatus that heats and pressurizes a gasification feed to turn the same into a supercritical state and subjects the gasification feed to a degradation process to obtain a fuel gas, the apparatus including: a heat exchanger (31) that introduces the gasification feed into a low temperature side flow channel (31a) and introduces the processed fluid in a supercritical state into a high temperature side flow channel (31b) so as to conduct heat exchange between the gasification feed and the processed fluid; a gas-liquid separator (51) that retrieves from the high temperature side flow channel (31b) the processed fluid which is in a subcritical state due to the heat exchange to separate gas and liquid and returns the separated liquid into the high temperature side flow channel (31b); and a synthesis device (52) that synthesizes a liquid fuel from the fuel gas separated by the gas-liquid separator (51).
[Problem] In a gasification apparatus that heats and pressurizes a gasification feed to obtain a fluid in a supercritical state and subjects the gasification feed to a degradation process to obtain a fuel gas, to effectively utilize energy of the processed fluid while suppressing generation of tar. [Solution] A gasification apparatus that heats and pressurizes a gasification feed to turn the same into a supercritical state and subjects the gasification feed to a degradation process to obtain a fuel gas, the apparatus including: a heat exchanger (31) that introduces the gasification feed into a low temperature side flow channel (31a) and introduces the processed fluid in a supercritical state into a high temperature side flow channel (31b) so as to conduct heat exchange between the gasification feed and the processed fluid; a gas-liquid separator (51) that retrieves from the high temperature side flow channel (31b) the processed fluid which is in a subcritical state due to the heat exchange to separate gas and liquid and returns the separated liquid into the high temperature side flow channel; and a turbine (61) powered by the fuel gas separated by the gas-liquid separator.
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