This prepreg is provided with: a reinforcement-fibre layer including reinforcement fibres and a resin composition which is used to impregnate the space between the reinforcement fibres, and which includes a benzoxazine resin (A), an epoxy resin (B), and a curing agent (C) having at least 2 phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule thereof; and surface layers which are provided upon surfaces of the reinforcement-fibre layer, and which include the benzoxazine resin (A), the epoxy resin (B), the curing agent (C) having at least 2 phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule thereof, and polyamide resin particles (D) having an average particle size of 5-50 µm. The polyamide resin particles include polyamide 12 resin particles and polyamide 1010 resin particles.
This production method for a fibre-reinforced composite material is provided with: a step in which a prepreg stacked body is obtained by stacking a plurality of prepregs; and a step in which the prepreg stacked body is heated to perform resin curing. Each of the prepregs is provided with: a reinforcement-fibre layer including reinforcement fibres and a resin composition which is used to impregnate the space between the reinforcement fibres, and which includes a benzoxazine resin (A), an epoxy resin (B), and a curing agent (C) having at least 2 phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule thereof; and a surface layer which is provided upon at least one surface of the reinforcement-fibre layer, and which includes components (A)-(C) and polyamide resin particles (D) having an average particle size of 5-50 µm. The polyamide resin particles include: first polyamide resin particles (D1); and second polyamide resin particles (D2) having a higher melting temperature than the first polyamide resin particles, said melting temperature being measured in a composition forming the surface layer.
C08J 5/24 - Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
B32B 5/28 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
3.
PREPREG, FIBRE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND PARTICLE-CONTAINING RESIN COMPOSITION
This prepreg is provided with: a reinforcement-fibre layer including reinforcement fibres and a resin composition which is used to impregnate the space between the reinforcement fibres, and which includes a benzoxazine resin (A), an epoxy resin (B), and a curing agent (C) having at least 2 phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule thereof; and surface layers which are provided upon surfaces of the reinforcement-fibre layer, and which include components (A)-(C) and polyamide resin particles (D) having an average particle size of 5-50 µm. The polyamide resin particles include polyamide resin particles comprising copolymers obtained by respectively copolymerizing caprolactam and laurolactam at a molar ratio in the range of 1:9 to 3:7, and at a molar ratio in the range of 9:1 to 7:3.
C08J 5/24 - Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
B32B 5/28 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
C08L 63/00 - Compositions of epoxy resinsCompositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
C08L 77/02 - Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
C08L 79/04 - Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chainPolyhydrazidesPolyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
4.
PREPREG, FIBRE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND PARTICLE-CONTAINING RESIN COMPOSITION
This prepreg is provided with: a reinforcement-fibre layer including reinforcement fibres and a resin composition which is used to impregnate the space between the reinforcement fibres, and which includes a benzoxazine resin (A), an epoxy resin (B), and a curing agent (C) having at least 2 phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule thereof; and surface layers which are provided upon surfaces of the reinforcement-fibre layer, and which include components (A)-(C) and polyamide resin particles (D) having an average particle size of 5-50 µm. The polyamide resin particles include: polyamide 12 resin particles; and polyamide resin particles comprising a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing caprolactam and laurolactam at a molar ratio in the range of 9:1 to 7:3.
C08J 5/24 - Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
B32B 5/28 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
C08G 59/40 - Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups characterised by the curing agents used
C08L 63/00 - Compositions of epoxy resinsCompositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
5.
PREPREG, FIBRE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND PARTICLE-CONTAINING RESIN COMPOSITION
This prepreg is provided with: a reinforcement-fibre layer including reinforcement fibres and a resin composition which is used to impregnate the space between the reinforcement fibres, and which includes a benzoxazine resin (A), an epoxy resin (B), and a curing agent (C) having at least 2 phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule thereof; and surface layers which are provided upon surfaces of the reinforcement-fibre layer, and which include the benzoxazine resin (A), the epoxy resin (B), the curing agent (C) having at least 2 phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule thereof, and polyamide resin particles (D) having an average particle size of 5-50 µm. The polyamide resin particles include: polyamide resin particles comprising a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing caprolactam and laurolactam at a molar ratio in the range of 1:9 to 3:7; and polyamide 1010 resin particles.
C08G 59/40 - Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups characterised by the curing agents used
C08L 63/00 - Compositions of epoxy resinsCompositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
C08L 77/00 - Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chainCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
6.
PREPREG, FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND RESIN COMPOSITION CONTAINING PARTICLES
A prepreg (10) is provided with: a reinforcing fiber layer (3) that comprises reinforcing fibers (1) and a resin composition (2) that is used to impregnate the area between the fibers and that comprises (A) a benzoxazine resin, (B) an epoxy resin, and (C) a curing agent that has two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups; and surface layers (6a, 6b) that are provided on the surface of the reinforcing fiber layer (3) and that comprise (A) the benzoxazine resin, (B) the epoxy resin, (C) the curing agent that has two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups, and (D) polyamide resin particles (4) having an average particle size of 5-50 µm. The polyamide resin particles (4) include particles that have a melting point of 180 °C or higher and that comprise a copolymer that is achieved by copolymerizing caprolactam and laurolactam at a molar ratio of 9:1-7:3.
A prepreg (10) is provided with: a reinforcing fiber layer (3) that comprises reinforcing fibers (1) and a resin composition (2) that is used to impregnate the area between the reinforcing fibers (1) and that comprises (A) a benzoxazine resin, (B) an epoxy resin, and (C) a curing agent that has two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups within the molecule thereof; and surface layers (6a, 6b) that are provided on at least one of the surfaces of the reinforcing fiber layer (3) and that comprise (A) the benzoxazine resin, (B) the epoxy resin, (C) the curing agent that has two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups in the molecule thereof, and (D) polyamide resin particles (4) having an average particle size of 5-50 µm. The polyamide resin particles (4) include particles that comprise polyamide 11.
A production method for a fiber-reinforced composite material is provided with: a first step in which a plurality of layers of a prepreg are stacked, said prepreg being provided with a reinforcing fiber layer that comprises reinforcing fibers and a resin composition that is used to impregnate the area between the reinforcing fibers and that comprises (A) a benzoxazine resin, (B) an epoxy resin, and (C) a curing agent that has two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups in the molecule thereof, and a surface layer that is provided on at least one of the surfaces of the reinforcing fiber layer and that comprises (A) the benzoxazine resin, (B) the epoxy resin, (C) the curing agent that has two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups in the molecule thereof, and (D) polyamide resin particles that have an average particle size of 5-50 µm and a melting point of 175-210 °C, after which the result is heated at a temperature of 120 °C or higher but less than M1 °C, wherein M1 °C represents the melting point of the polyamide resin particles as measured within the composition that constitutes the surface layer; and a second step in which resin curing is performed by heating after the first step at a temperature that is equal to or higher than M1 °C.
C08J 5/24 - Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
C08L 61/34 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers covered by at least two of the groups , , and
C08L 63/00 - Compositions of epoxy resinsCompositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
C08L 77/00 - Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chainCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
9.
PREPREG, FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND RESIN COMPOSITION CONTAINING PARTICLES
A prepreg (10) is provided with: a reinforcing fiber layer (3) that comprises reinforcing fibers (1) and a resin composition (2) that is used to impregnate the area between the reinforcing fibers and that comprises (A) a benzoxazine resin, (B) an epoxy resin, and (C) a curing agent that has two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups in the molecule thereof; and surface layers (6a, 6b) that are provided on the surface of the reinforcing fiber layer (3) and that comprise (A) the benzoxazine resin, (B) the epoxy resin, (C) the curing agent that has two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups, and (D) polyamide resin particles (4) having an average particle size of 5-50 µm. The polyamide resin particles (4) include polyamide 1010 resin particles.
A prepreg (10) is provided with: a reinforcing fiber layer (3) that comprises reinforcing fibers (1) and a resin composition (2) that is used to impregnate the area between the reinforcing fibers and that comprises (A) a benzoxazine resin, (B) an epoxy resin, and (C) a curing agent that is represented by formula (C-1); and surface layers (6a, 6b) that are provided on the surface of the reinforcing fiber layer (3) and that comprise (A) the benzoxazine resin, (B) the epoxy resin, (C) the curing agent that is represented by formula (C-1), and (D) polyamide resin particles (4) having an average particle size of 5-50 µm. The polyamide resin particles (4) include polyamide 12 resin particles or polyamide 1010 resin particles. (In formula (C-1), R1, R2, R3, and R4 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group. When R1, R2, R3, or R4 is a hydrocarbon group, said hydrocarbon group is a straight-chain or a branched alkyl group having a carbon number of 1-4, or the adjacent R1 and R3 or the adjacent R3 and R4 are bonded and form a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring having a carbon number of 6-10 or a substituted or unsubstituted alicylic structure having a carbon number of 6-10. x represents 0 or 1.)
C08J 5/24 - Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
C08L 61/34 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers covered by at least two of the groups , , and
C08L 63/00 - Compositions of epoxy resinsCompositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
C08L 77/00 - Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chainCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
11.
POWER MANAGEMENT DEVICE AND POWER MANAGEMENT METHOD
A power management device includes a control unit (50) configured to manage an exchange of electric power between a power device (MG, 30) and an electrical storage device (40) having a plurality of battery units (41, 42) connected in parallel with each other and configured to set an integral term of a feedback correction amount for a parameter for power management or a learning value for power management to 0 when any one of the plurality of battery units (41, 42) is isolated from the remaining battery unit.
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
B60L 3/00 - Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposesMonitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
An electric vehicle includes an electric motor outputting regenerative torque to a drive shaft connected to an axle shaft, a hydraulic brake providing braking force for the vehicle, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to execute a regeneration coordination switch in which at least part of the regenerative torque from the electric motor is gradually switched to the braking force from the hydraulic brake. The electronic control unit is configured to execute a vibration suppression control that restrains vibration of the vehicle. The electronic control unit is configured to increase frequency of execution of the vibration suppression control when the regeneration coordination switch is performed, as compared to frequency of execution of the vibration suppression control when the regeneration coordination switch is not being performed.
Provided is an electricity storage device which exhibits excellent charging characteristics particularly even at a low temperature. This electricity storage device is a nonaqueous -solvent type electricity storage device characterized by containing as positive electrode active materials: a lithium -nickel-aluminum composite oxide and/or a spinel-type lithium -manganese oxide having a basic structure of LiMn2O4; and lithium vanadium phosphate.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
Provided is a fiber-reinforced composite material that enables compression after impact (CAI), interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and interlaminar fracture toughness to be simultaneously achieved at high levels, and in particular, enables high ILSS at a high temperature and high humidity, and high CAI to be achieved. The fiber-reinforced composite material comprises a laminated body that includes a plurality of reinforced-fiber-containing layers, and has a resin layer in an area between each reinforced-fiber-containing layer. The resin layer is characterized by being a layer in which a cured product of an epoxy resin and a compound having the benzoxazine ring represented by formula 1 is impregnated with at least polyethersulfone particles, and is further characterized in that the ratio of the thickness of each resin layer and each reinforced-fiber-containing layer is 1:2 to 6. The fiber-reinforced composite material is useful for construction members for automotive applications, railway vehicle applications, aircraft applications, marine applications, windmills, and the like, and for other general industrial applications. (R1 is a chain alkyl group etc. with 1 to 12 carbons, wherein a hydrogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom in at least one of the ortho and para positions of the carbon atom to which the oxygen atom of the aromatic ring in the formula is bonded.)
Provided is a fiber-reinforced composite material that is provided with dynamic properties such as compression after impact (CAI) and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) at high levels, and is capable of simultaneously improving mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC) and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness (GIIC) at high levels. The fiber-reinforced composite material is provided with a plurality of reinforced-fiber-containing layers and a resin layer in an area between each reinforced-fiber-containing layer, which are cured by laminating a plurality of prepreg layers. The resin layer comprises a cured product of a resin composition containing a compound having the benzoxazine ring of formula 1 in a molecule, an epoxy resin, a curing agent, a toughness improver and polyethersulfone particles. The GIC of the composite material is at least 330 J/m2, and the GIIC is at least 1100 J/m2. The fiber-reinforced composite material is useful for construction members for automotive applications, railway vehicle applications, aircraft applications, marine applications, windmills, and the like, and for other general industrial applications. (1) (R1 is a chain alkyl group etc. with 1 to 12 carbons, wherein a hydrogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom in at least one of the ortho and para positions of the carbon atom to which the oxygen atom of the aromatic ring in the formula is bonded.)
Provided is a fiber-reinforced composite material that enables compression after impact (CAI), interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and interlaminar fracture toughness to be simultaneously achieved at high levels, and in particular, enables high ILSS at a high temperature and high humidity, and high CAI to be achieved. The fiber-reinforced composite material comprises a laminated body that includes a plurality of reinforced-fiber-containing layers, and has a resin layer in an area between each reinforced-fiber-containing layer. The resin layer is characterized by being a layer in which a cured product of an epoxy resin and a compound having the benzoxazine ring represented by formula 1 in a molecule is impregnated with at least polyethersulfone particles, and is further characterized in that the percentage of the polyethersulfone particles in each resin layer is 15 to 55 vol.% of the total volume of each resin layer. The fiber-reinforced composite material is useful for construction members for automotive applications, railway vehicle applications, aircraft applications, marine applications, windmills, and the like, and for other general industrial applications. (R1 is a chain alkyl group etc. with 1 to 12 carbons, wherein a hydrogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom in at least one of the ortho and para positions of the carbon atom to which the oxygen atom of the aromatic ring in the formula is bonded.)
Provided is a lithium-ion secondary cell having a large energy density, an improved capacity retention rate (cycle characteristic) after repeated use even under application of a high voltage, and excellent safety performance. There is obtained a lithium-ion secondary cell characterized in being provided with: a negative electrode for reversibly absorbing and releasing lithium ions; a positive electrode containing lithium vanadium phosphate; and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution containing lithium fluoroethyl phosphate as an electrolyte.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 10/0568 - Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
A replaceable cutting edge drill in which a helical flute (5) and a cutting edge (4) extending linearly from a center of rotation to an outer end in the radial direction as viewed from an end face in the axial direction are provided to a detachable cutting head (2) provided at a distal end of a drill body (1), wherein a thinning face (10) inclined with respect to a rotational axis (CL) so as to make the front angle in the axial direction of the cutting edge a negative angle is formed in the entire region from an inner end in the radial direction to the outer end in the radial direction of the cutting edge, on a rake face (9) continuous with the cutting edge (4).
Provided is a fiber-reinforced composite material capable of simultaneously achieving CAI, ILSS, and interlayer fracture toughness at high levels, and, in particular, of achieving high CAI. Said composite material is characterized by: comprising a laminate including a plurality of reinforcing fiber-containing layers; having a resin layer in each interlayer region for each reinforcing fiber-containing layer; the resin layers being layers wherein at least a polyamide 12 powder is impregnated into a cured product of a compound having a benzoxazine ring indicated in formula (1) in the molecules thereof, and an epoxy resin; and the proportion of the polyamide 12 powder in each resin layer being 15-55 vol. % relative to the whole volume of each resin layer. (R1:C1-C12 chain alkyl group, etc. H is bonded to the C at at least either the O-position or the P-position of the carbon atom to which an oxygen atom is bonded, in an aromatic ring in formula.)
C08J 5/24 - Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
B32B 5/28 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
C08G 59/40 - Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups characterised by the curing agents used
C08L 63/00 - Compositions of epoxy resinsCompositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
C08L 77/00 - Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chainCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
Provided is a fiber-reinforced composite material having a high level of CAI, ILSS, and other mechanical properties, and capable of simultaneously improving, to a high level, both a mode I interlayer fracture toughness value (GIC) and a mode II interlayer fracture toughness value (GIIC). The composite material comprises: a plurality of reinforcing fiber-containing layers comprising a plurality of laminated and cured prepregs; and resin layers in the interlayer regions for each reinforcing fiber-containing layer. The resin layers comprise a cured product of a resin composition including a compound having a benzoxazine ring indicated in formula (1) in the molecules thereof, an epoxy resin, a curing agent, a toughness improver, and a polyamide 12 powder. The composite material has a GIC of at least 300 J/m2 and a GIIC of at least 1,000 J/m2. [Formula 1] (R1:C1-C12 chain alkyl group, etc. H is bonded to the C at at least either the O-position or the P-position of the carbon atom to which an oxygen atom is bonded, in an aromatic ring in formula.)
C08J 5/24 - Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
B32B 5/28 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
C08G 59/40 - Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups characterised by the curing agents used
C08L 63/00 - Compositions of epoxy resinsCompositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
C08L 77/00 - Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chainCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
Provided is a fiber-reinforced composite material capable of simultaneously achieving CAI, ILSS, and interlayer fracture toughness at high levels, and, in particular, of achieving high CAI. Said composite material is characterized by: comprising a laminate including a plurality of reinforcing fiber-containing layers; having a resin layer in each interlayer region for each reinforcing fiber-containing layer; the resin layers being layers wherein at least a polyamide 12 powder is impregnated into a cured product of an epoxy resin and a compound having a benzoxazine ring indicated in formula (1) in the molecules thereof; and the ratio between the thicknesses of each resin layer and the each reinforcing fiber-containing layer being 1:2-6. [Formula 1] (R1:C1-C12 chain alkyl group, etc. H is bonded to the C at at least either the O-position or the P-position of the carbon atom to which an oxygen atom is bonded, in an aromatic ring in formula.)
C08J 5/24 - Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
B32B 5/28 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
C08G 59/40 - Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups characterised by the curing agents used
C08L 63/00 - Compositions of epoxy resinsCompositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
C08L 77/00 - Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chainCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
22.
VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CHARGING VEHICLE
When an external power source (402) and a vehicle (10) are joined, A PLG-ECU (170) executes a first charging operation for controlling a charger (160) until the state of charge of a power storage device (150) reaches a target value, the target value being a state of charge lower than a predetermined fully charged state. After the state of charge reaches the target value, the PLG-ECU (170) stops charging the power storage device (150) and restarts charging of the power storage device (150) in order to execute a second charging operation for controlling the charger (160) so that the state of charge reaches the predetermined fully charged state at a scheduled charging completion time specified using an input unit (200).
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H02J 7/10 - Regulation of the charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices only
23.
BENZOXAZINE RESIN COMPOSITION, AND FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL
Provided are: a fiber-reinforced composite material, whereby it becomes possible to achieve all of excellent CAI, excellent ILSS and excellent bending fracture toughness simultaneously at high levels and it also becomes possible to keep the glass transition temperature of a resin material contained therein at a high temperature; a prepreg which can be used for the fiber-reinforced composite material; and a benzoxazine resin composition. The composition according to the present invention contains (A) a compound having a benzoxazine ring represented by formula (1) in the molecule thereof, (B) an epoxy resin, (C) a curing agent, (D) a toughness-improving agent, and (E) a polyamide 12 powder having a specific particle diameter at a specified ratio, wherein the component (D) is dissolved. (R1: a C1-12 linear alkyl group or the like, wherein H is bound to C located at O-position and/or P-position relative to a carbon atom on an aromatic ring to which an oxygen atom is bound in the formula.)
The purpose of the present invention is to inhibit a decrease in strength attributable to the interface between a simple-shape portion and a complicated-shape portion. This fiber-reinforced resin composite material comprises: a simple-shape portion formed from at least one sheet-shaped prepreg material obtained by impregnating reinforcing fibers with a resin; and a complicated-shape portion obtained by impregnating reinforcing fibers with a resin, the complicated-shape portion having been integrated with the simple-shape portion. The resin used for the prepreg material comprised the same components as the resin used for the complicated-shape portion.
This vehicle (100), which can travel using the electrical power from an incorporated electricity storage device (110), executes: a step (S140) for, in an ECU (300), computing a reference electricity efficiency on the basis of an average operating point determined from the average driving power and the average vehicle velocity for each predetermined time period when travelling by means of the electrical power from the electricity storage device (110); a step (S120) for computing the actual electricity efficiency on the basis of the travelling distance and the amount of power consumption in the time periods; a step (S150, S160, S170) for computing a predicted electricity efficiency by means of smoothing processing on the basis of the reference electricity efficiency and the actual electricity efficiency; and a step (S180) for computing the travelable distance (RMD) that can be traveled by means of the power remaining in the electricity storage device (110) on the basis of the state of charge of the electricity storage device (110) and the predicted electricity efficiency.
B60L 3/00 - Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposesMonitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
B60L 11/18 - using power supplied from primary cells, secondary cells, or fuel cells
26.
MILLING INSERT AND MILLING TIP-REPLACEMENT-TYPE ROTARY CUTTING TOOL
Provided are a milling insert and a milling tip-replacement-type rotary cutting tool which are reduced in cutting resistance to prevent cutting edge wearing, thereby providing improved service life. When viewed in a direction perpendicular to a flank surface (22), a tip ridge (23) has a bottom portion formed as a concave arc portion (23b) and a top portion formed as a convex arc portion (23a). The concave arc portion and the convex arc portion are alternately repeated to be formed in a wave shape, and both the concave arc portion and the convex arc portion have a length of 1/4-1/3 arc inclusive. The concave arc portions are unevenly distributed so as to be closer to one of the two convex arc portions adjacent thereto and farther from the other. The convex arc portion is adapted such that an imaginary chord connecting between the end points of the convex arc portion is tilted towards the closer one of the two concave arc portions adjacent to the convex arc portion. The tip ridge is formed so as to be gradually decreased in pitch relative to a concave arc portion with increasing proximity to the closer one of the two convex arc portions adjacent to the concave arc portion.
The present invention prevents cutting debris from scattering. A cover for a cutting tool. The cover is mounted to a cutting tool which comprises a hollow shaft body, has at least one insert attached to one end surface of the shaft body, and performs cutting by making the insert in contact with a workpiece while rotating the shaft body. The cover for a cutting tool has a body section which is affixed to the front end of the shaft body and an extended section which is extended outward from the peripheral edge of the front end of the body section along the entire periphery of the body section and which covers the surface of the workpiece.
B23C 9/00 - Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutters
B23Q 11/00 - Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling workSafety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
B23Q 11/08 - Protective coverings for parts of machine toolsSplash guards
28.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF (VANADIUM PHOSPHATE)-LITHIUM-CARBON COMPLEX
A process for producing a (vanadium phosphate)-lithium-carbon complex, characterized by comprising: a first step of mixing a lithium source, a pentavalent or tetravalent vanadium compound, a phosphorus source and an electrically conductive carbon material source that can be thermally decomposed to generate carbon in an aqueous solvent, thereby preparing a raw material mixed solution; a second step of heating the raw material mixed solution to cause a precipitation forming reaction, thereby producing a reaction solution containing a precipitated product; a third step of subjecting the reaction solution containing the precipitated product to a wet grinding treatment using a medial mill to produce a slurry containing a ground product; a fourth step of subjecting the slurry containing the ground product to a spray drying treatment to produce a reaction precursor; and a fifth step of burning the reaction precursor in an inert gas atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere at 600 to 1300˚C. The present invention can provide a process for producing a (vanadium phosphate)-lithium-carbon complex which can impart excellent battery properties including high discharge capacity to a lithium secondary battery when used as an positive electrode active material of the lithium secondary battery.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
C01B 25/45 - Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
The disclosed vehicle, which can be externally charged using power transmitted over a charging cable (250) from an external power source (260), is provided with a chargeable electricity-storage device (110), a charging device (200), and a control device (300). The charging device (200) uses the power transmitted from the external power source (260) to supply charging power to the electricity-storage device (110). The control device (300) controls the charging device (200) so as to limit the charging power on the basis of the state of the power transmission path from the external power source (260) to the charging device (200). This configuration makes it possible, even if a user adds an extension cable or a problem occurs in the cable or the like, to prevent the charging cable (250) from overheating and then becoming damaged or affecting surrounding devices.
Disclosed is a rotary tool for friction stir welding which has excellent abrasion resistance and durability, and which imparts excellent bonding characteristics. A probe pin (20) protrudes from the apical surface (13) of the shoulder portion (11) of the rotary tool for friction stir welding (10), and pulse laser peening is performed on a base-end area (22) on the outer circumference surface of the probe pin (20), said area (22) ranging between a connecting portion (15) connected to the apical surface (13) of the shoulder portion (11), and a screw portion (23a). The surface hardness and toughness of the probe pin (20), which is subject to repeated compressive loading and tensile loading accompanying friction stir welding, are maintained, and damage due to buckling and heat deformation is inhibited, greatly improving durability.
B23K 20/12 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by frictionFriction welding
B23K 26/00 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
C21D 1/09 - Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energySurface hardening by particle radiation
Disclosed is a variable valve mechanism that is reduced in size by providing a crank mechanism in place of an oval cam on an input shaft which is rotatably driven by means of the crank shaft of an internal combustion engine. The variable valve mechanism (10) has a variable mechanism (30) which changes the degree of opening of a valve (13), and is characterized by having an input shaft (12) which is rotatably driven by means of an internal combustion engine; by being connected to the variable mechanism (30); and in that a crank mechanism (14) which converts the rotational movement of the input shaft (12) to a reciprocating movement for the purpose of opening/closing the valve (13) is provided on the input shaft (12).
A field emission lamp (1) which comprises a vacuum container (2), and a cathode electrode (3), gate electrode (4) and anode electrode (5) all arranged in the vacuum container (2). The field emission lamp (1) is characterized in that the cathode electrode (3) is composed of a nanocarbon composite substrate which contains a substrate (31) having a projected portion (32) or grooved portion in a surface, and a nanocarbon material (35) formed on the surface of the projected portion (32) or grooved portion of the substrate (31).
Provided is a novel crystalline structure for improving characteristic improvement effects of a vanadium oxide or the like as an electrode active material. The crystalline structure of a layer-like crystalline material such as vanadium oxide is mixedly in an amorphous state and a layer-like crystalline state at a prescribed ratio. In the layer-like crystalline structure, since a layer-like crystalline particle having a layer length (L1) of 30nm or less is formed, entry and coming out of ions into and from between the layers are facilitated. When such material is used as a positive electrode active material, a nonaqueous lithium secondary battery having excellent service capacity and cycle characteristics can be configured.
Provided is a novel crystalline structure for improving characteristic improvement effects of a vanadium oxide or the like as an electrode active material. The crystalline structure of a layer-like crystalline material such as vanadium oxide is mixedly in an amorphous state and a layer-like crystalline state at a prescribed ratio. In the layer-like crystalline structure, since a layer-like crystalline particle having a layer length (L1) of 30nm or less is formed, entry and coming out of ions into and from between the layers are facilitated. When such material is used as a positive electrode active material, a nonaqueous lithium secondary battery having excellent service capacity and cycle characteristics can be configured.
H01M 4/48 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
35.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ESTIMATING SOC VALUE OF SECONDARY BATTERY AND DEGRADATION JUDGING METHOD AND DEVICE
An SOC estimating method for estimating a SOC value of a secondary battery includes: a step of continuously accumulating the charge/discharge current of the secondary battery to obtain a first accumulation value and adding the result obtained by dividing the first accumulation value by the capacity value of the secondary battery acquired by referencing a table, to the SOC initial value so as to continuously calculate a first SOC value; a step of obtaining a second SOC value according to the terminal voltage of the secondary battery at the timing of switching between charge and discharge; and a step of obtaining a current second capacity value of the secondary battery according to the difference between the second SOC value obtained in the past and the second SOC value obtained this time and the charge/discharge current accumulation value in the time interval corresponding to the difference so as to update the capacity value in the table with the second capacity value.
G01R 31/36 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
36.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ESTIMATING SOC VALUE OF SECONDARY BATTERY AND DEGRADATION JUDGING METHOD AND DEVICE
An SOC estimation method for estimating a SOC value of a secondary battery includes: a step of continuously calculating a first SOC value based on a current accumulation; a step of obtaining a terminal voltage at the timing of switching between charge and discharge; a step of obtaining a correction value for converting the terminal voltage into an open voltage; a step of obtaining a second SOC value in accordance with the result of addition of the correction value to the terminal voltage; a step of updating the SOC initial value used for the current accumulation by the second SOC value; a step of obtaining a current capacity value of the secondary battery according to the difference between the second SOC value obtained in the past and the second SOC value obtained this time and the current accumulation value in the time interval corresponding to the difference; and a step of updating the capacity value used in the first SOC value calculation by the current capacity value.
G01R 31/36 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
A pressure-resistant vessel (1) in which the peripheral part (3a) of the opening (3d) in an inner shell (3) wraps the end surface of a mouth ring (4) on the inner side of the vessel. The pressure-resistant vessel (1) comprises a cylindrical pressing member (5) screwed into the inner peripheral surface (4b) of the mouth ring (4), a first seal (an O-ring (10) and a liquid sealant (11a)) peripherally contacting with the inner peripheral surface (b) (shown in Fig. 3) of the mouth ring (4) exposed between the inner shell (3) and the pressing member (5), the inner shell, and the pressing member, a valve (6) having a screw part (6b) screwed into the inner periphery (4c) of the mouth ring at a position on the vessel outer than the pressing member and an inner end part (6c) inserted into the hole part of the pressing member, and a second seal (an O-ring (12)) for sealing between the outer peripheral surface of the inner end part (6c) and the inner peripheral surface of the pressing member. The pressure-resistant vessel further includes a third seal (an O-ring (13)).
A device for ELID honing has a honing tool (10) positioned above work (1) that has a hollow circular cylindrical inner surface and is vertically movable and rotatingly drivable about the vertical rotating axis while being rockably suspended from the upper end, and the device also has a honing guide (20) positioned in proximity to the upper part of the work and guiding the honing tool to the hollow circular cylindrical inner surface. The honing tool (10) has a fixed guide (12) having a predetermined radius R from the rotating axis to its outer peripheral surface and also has honing stones (14a, 14b) having outer peripheral surfaces movable horizontally from the diameter-increased position outside the radius R to the diameter-reduced position inside the radius R and capable of being electrolytically dressed. The honing guide (20) has a hollow circular cylindrical ELID electrode (22) having an inner surface (22a) for guiding the outer peripheral surface of the fixed guide of the honing tool and capable of being subjected to a negative voltage.
A pressure container liner is produced by subjecting a resin composition which is obtained by blending 100 parts by weight of (A) a liquid crystalline polyester and/or a liquid crystalline polyester amide with 10 to 25 parts by weight of (B) an epoxy-modified polystyrene resin and melt-kneading the obtained blend and which exhibits a melt viscosity of 60 to 4000Pa쮏s at a temperature higher than the melting point of the composition by 20°C and a shear rate of 1000/sec and a melt tension of 20mN or above at a take-off speed of 15m/min to melting at a temperature ranging from the melting point of the composition to the melting point plus 40°C, extruding the resulting melt at a rate of 0.3kg/min or above and below 5kg/min into a parison (P), closing a pair of molds (30) under a prescribed mold closing pressure with the parison (P) put between both, and then blowing air into the parison (P).
C08J 5/00 - Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
C08L 67/03 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds having the hydroxy and the carboxyl groups directly linked to aromatic rings
A process for the production of a polymer of a sulfur-containing aromatic compound, comprising reacting a halide of a sulfur-containing aromatic compound which bears at least one aromatic ring and at least one ring containing one or more disulfide linkages and in which both rings hold one side in common with inorganic sulfur in an amount of 2 to 8 sulfur atoms per mol of the halide in an organic solvent under heating in the presence of at least one inorganic base selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal hydrogen- carbonates and alkali metal carbonates and/or at least one organic base selected from the group consisting of tri(lower alkyl)amines and heterocyclic amines.
G02F 1/15 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
H01M 10/36 - Accumulators not provided for in groups
Disclosed is a lithium ion capacitor comprising a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material which can be reversibly doped with lithium ions and/or anions, a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material which can be reversibly doped with lithium ions, and an aprotic organic solvent solution of a lithium salt as an electrolyte solution. (a) The negative electrode and/or the positive electrode is doped with lithium ions so that the positive electrode potential after short-circuiting the positive electrode and the negative electrode is not more than 2.0 V. (b) The surface of the negative electrode is covered with a polymer material.
H01G 11/24 - Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosityElectrodes characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
H01G 11/26 - Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
H01G 11/30 - Electrodes characterised by their material
A lithium ion capacitor comprises, as a lithium ion supply source, a lithium metal foil for batteries or capacitors. A lithium metal foil (1) for batteries or capacitors is integrally formed by pressure bonding a collector (4) on one side and a separator (3) on the other side in advance. The separator (3) is composed of a nonwoven fabric of paper or resin.
H01G 11/24 - Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosityElectrodes characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
H01G 11/30 - Electrodes characterised by their material
A power generation element comprises a film-covered electric device enclosed in a packaging bag, a cell case having a first case body and a second case body capable of holding a sealing part formed along the outer peripheral part of the packaging bag, an engagement claw formed on the first case body, and an engagement groove formed in the second case body and in which the engagement claw is inserted. At least a part of the sealing part of the packaging bag is held in a clearance between the engagement groove and the engagement claw inserted into the engagement groove. The clearance is gradually reduced as the engagement claw is inserted into the engagement groove.
Disclosed is a lithium ion capacitor comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an aprotic organic solvent solution of a lithium salt as an electrolyte solution. The positive electrode active material is a substance which can be reversibly doped with lithium ions and/or anions; and the negative electrode active material is a substance which can be reversibly doped with lithium ions. The negative electrode and/or the positive electrode is doped with lithium ions in advance so that the positive electrode potential after short-circuiting the positive electrode and the negative electrode is not more than 2.0 V. When the capacitance per unit weight of the positive electrode is represented by C+(F/g), the weight of the positive electrode active material is represented by W+(g), the capacitance per unit weight of the negative electrode is represented by C-(F/g) and the weight of the negative electrode active material is represented by W-(g), the value of (C- × W-)/(C+ × W+) is not less than 5.
H01G 11/24 - Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosityElectrodes characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
H01G 11/30 - Electrodes characterised by their material
H01G 11/34 - Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
H01G 11/38 - Carbon pastes or blendsBinders or additives therein
H01G 11/42 - Powders or particles, e.g. composition thereof
H01G 11/44 - Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
A battery (50) comprises a plurality of unit cells (20A-20D) connected in series. An electrode tab (25a) from the unit cell (20A) is joined to the upper surface of a bus bar (41), while an electrode tab (25b) from the unit cell (20B) is joined to a lateral surface of the bus bar. As the first welding step, a bus bar (41) is joined to one electrode tab (25a) in a state where the unit cells (20) are separate from each other. Then, as the second welding step, an electrode tab (25b) is joined to the lateral surface of the bus bar in a state where the unit cells each having a bus bar are stacked.
Disclosed is a lithium ion capacitor comprising a positive electrode which is composed of a material capable of being reversibly doped/dedoped with lithium ions and/or anions, a negative electrode which is composed of a material capable of being reversibly doped/dedoped with lithium ions, and an electrolyte solution which is composed of an aprotic organic solvent electrolyte solution of a lithium salt. The negative electrode and/or the positive electrode is doped with lithium ions by an electrochemical contact between the negative electrode and/or the positive electrode and a lithium ion supply source. The potential of the positive electrode after short-circuiting the positive electrode with the negative electrode is not more than 2.0 V (against Li/Li+). The positive electrode and/or the negative electrode has a collector which is composed of a metal foil having many through holes penetrating therethrough from the front surface to the rear surface. The circles inscribed within the through holes have an average diameter of not more than 100 μm.
H01G 9/058 - specially adapted for double-layer capacitors
H01G 9/016 - specially adapted for double-layer capacitors
H01G 9/038 - Electrolytes specially adapted for double-layer capacitors
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
Disclosed is a lithium ion capacitor comprising a positive electrode composed of a substance which can reversibly support lithium ions and/or anions, a negative electrode composed of a substance which can reversibly support lithium ions, and an electrolyte solution composed of a lithium salt in an aprotic organic solvent. (a) The negative electrode active material is a hardly-graphitizable carbon wherein the hydrogen/carbon atomic number ratio is not less than 0 but less than 0.05. (b) The negative electrode and/or the positive electrode is doped with lithium ions in advance so that the negative electrode potential after being discharged to 1/2 of the charging voltage of the cell is not more than 0.15 V with respect to the lithium metal potential.
H01G 11/24 - Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosityElectrodes characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
H01G 11/30 - Electrodes characterised by their material
H01G 11/34 - Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
H01G 11/38 - Carbon pastes or blendsBinders or additives therein
H01G 11/42 - Powders or particles, e.g. composition thereof
H01G 11/44 - Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
H01G 11/60 - Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
H01G 11/62 - Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
A system for receiving a film-coated electric device holds a film-coated battery (1) at its outer perimeter portion. The system has a frame member (10) and a first pressing plate (20). The frame member (10) has a portion with a thickness greater than that of a power generation element (2) and also has a discharge gas channel (10i) formed in a portion corresponding to a gas discharge section (8). The first pressing plate (20) holds the frame member (10), has a through-hole section (22) formed in a portion corresponding to the discharge gas channel (10i), and has formed in it a gas leading groove (21) communicating from the through-hole section (22) to a side wall surface (24).
A battery module (30) is constituted by stacking a certain number of film-packed batteries (21), each of which is housed in a cell case (20), and electrically connecting electrode terminals of the film-packed batteries (21) by a bus bar (42). An insulating cover (200) composed of an insulating resin covers bus bars (42) of a plurality of battery modules (30) which are arranged in parallel. This insulating cover (200) is provided with a bus bar (101) for modules which electrically connects adjacent battery modules (30) with each other by entering into contact with the bus bars (42) of the adjacent battery modules (30).
A method or the like of producing a cell module capable of downsizing the entire cell module in a constitution in which electrode tabs led out from cells are joined by welding. The cell module (50) has cells (20) having sheet-form electrode tabs (25a, 25b) led out from film packages, and cases housing the cells therein. The method of producing the cell module (50) comprises the step of disposing each cell (20) in each case to partially allow electrode tabs (25a, 25b) to overlap each other, and the step of welding electrode tabs to each other while cooling the electrode tabs by supplying cool air to the electrode tabs.
H01M 2/20 - Current-conducting connections for cells
H01G 11/10 - Multiple hybrid or EDL capacitors, e.g. arrays or modules
H01G 11/18 - Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors against thermal overloads, e.g. heating, cooling or ventilating
H01G 11/74 - Terminals, e.g. extensions of current collectors
H01G 11/84 - Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
An insulating resistance detection apparatus detects an insulating resistance value precisely and in real time and comprises a pulse generator (10), a comparator (11), a resistor (R1), a coupling capacitor (C2), a capacitor (C1), and a pulse width measuring unit (12). The comparator (11) has one input to which a reference voltage (VREF) is supplied and the other input to which the output of the pulse generator (10) is supplied, and outputs a low level signal when the level at the other input exceeds the reference voltage (VREF) and a high level signal when the level at the other input does not exceed the reference voltage (VREF). The resistor (R1) is inserted in series with the output line of the pulse generator (10). The coupling capacitor (C2) has one end connected to the other input line of the comparator (11) and the other end connected to the output line of a high-voltage direct current power supply (21). The capacitor (C1) has one end connected to the other input line of the comparator (11) and the other end connected to the ground. The pulse width measuring unit (12) calculates the insulating resistance value on the output line of the high-voltage direct current power supply (21) from the duty ratio of the output waveform of the comparator (11).
A high capacity high safety lithium ion capacitor having high energy density and output density. The lithium ion capacitor has a positive electrode (1) formed of a material which can reversibly dope lithium ions and/or anions, a negative electrode (2) formed of a material which can reversibly doped lithium ions, and aprotic organic solvent solution containing lithium salt as the electrolyte. The positive electrode (1) and the negative electrode (2) are layered or rolled with a separator in between. The positive electrode (1) has an area smaller than that of the negative electrode (2), and the surface of the positive electrode is included in the surface of the negative electrode in the layered or rolled state.
A battery pack (80) has parallel placement modules (50) each containing two parallelly arranged battery cells (20A, 20B). An airflow channel (65) is formed between adjacent parallel placement modules, and cooling air passes through the channel. Pressing members (60) each have a cavity (61) composed of a solid section (66) and a thin wall section (61a) and the members are stacked on each other. The cavity (61) forms a cooling air channel. Cooling air fed to the cooling air channel is sent to the battery cell (20B) in the back of the channel and fed to the center side of the battery cell (20B). A region A of the solid section (66) holds an electrode tab (25), and in a region B of the solid section (66), pressing members (60) are in contact with each other.
H01G 11/00 - Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodesElectric double-layer [EDL] capacitorsProcesses for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
H01G 11/74 - Terminals, e.g. extensions of current collectors
H01G 11/82 - Fixing or assembling a capacitive element in a housing, e.g. mounting electrodes, current collectors or terminals in containers or encapsulations
H01G 2/04 - Mountings specially adapted for mounting on a chassis
H01G 9/00 - Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devicesProcesses of their manufacture
One horizontal axis windmill, wherein when a wind velocity exceeds a cutout wind velocity, a yaw brake is released and all blades (4a) to (4c) are brought into a feathering state (Fig. 1A). Next, the blades (4a) to (4c) are brought into a reverse-feathering state one by one in order (Fig. 1B → C → D → E). Thereafter, all blades (4a) to (4c) are held in the reverse-feathering state until an operation mode is recovered. Through the steps above, a nacelle (2) is yaw-rotated, a rotor is disposed on the downstream side of a tower (1) in a wind direction, and the leading edges of all blades (4a) to (4c) face to the windward (Fig. 1E). In the other horizontal axis windmill, the nacelle is rotated to a prescribed angle of approximately 90 deg relative to the wind direction and held by a yaw brake, and all blades are simultaneously brought into the reverse-feathering state and the yaw brake is released. In the other horizontal-axis windmill, after all blades are brought into the feathering state, the yaw brake is released and the angle of one blade is changed from the feathering state to a flat state, and when the yaw angle of the nacelle is changed by approximately 30 deg, the one blade is returned to the feathering state.
A carbon material that provides a charging device not only ensuring a high energy density but also realizing a high output and an excellent low-temperature performance. There is provided a negative electrode active material for charging device having an aprotic organic solvent electrolyte solution containing a lithium salt as an electrolyte, characterized by consisting of a carbon material of 0.01 to 50 m2/g specific surface area and 0.005 to 1.0 cc/g total mesopore volume wherein mesopore volumes of 100 to 400 Å pore diameter occupy 25% or more of the total mesopore volume.
H01G 11/24 - Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosityElectrodes characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
H01G 11/42 - Powders or particles, e.g. composition thereof
H01G 11/50 - Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/36 - Accumulators not provided for in groups
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
Disclosed is a high-capacity lithium ion capacitor having high energy density, high power density and high safety. Specifically disclosed is a lithium ion capacitor comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an aprotic organic solvent solution of a lithium salt as electrolyte solution. The positive electrode active material is a substance capable of reversibly carrying lithium ions and anions, and the negative electrode active material is a substance capable of reversibly carrying lithium ions. The potentials of the positive and negative electrodes are not more than 2.0 V after short-circuiting the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive and negative electrodes are respectively obtained by forming an electrode layer of positive or negative electrode active material on both sides of a positive or negative electrode collector having a through hole penetrating therethrough from the front surface to the rear surface. The lithium ion capacitor has a cell structure wherein such positive and negative electrodes are wound together or stacked on top of one another while having a negative electrode form the outermost portion of the wound or stacked electrodes.
H01G 11/42 - Powders or particles, e.g. composition thereof
H01G 11/50 - Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
H01M 10/0587 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
Disclosed is a high-capacity lithium ion capacitor having high energy density and high power density. Specifically disclosed is a lithium ion capacitor comprising a positive electrode (1), a negative electrode (2) and an aprotic organic solvent solution of a lithium salt as electrolyte solution, wherein the positive electrode active material is a substance capable of reversibly carrying lithium ions and/or anions, the negative electrode active material is a substance capable of reversibly carrying lithium ions and anions, and the potentials of the positive and negative electrodes are not more than 2.0 V after short-circuiting the positive electrode and the negative electrode. An electrode unit (10) is formed by alternately stacking the positive electrodes (1) and the negative electrodes (2) via separators (3), and a cell is composed of two or more electrode units. A lithium metal (4) is arranged between two electrode units, and the negative and/or positive electrode is caused to carry lithium ions in advance through electrochemical contact between the lithium metal and the negative and/or positive electrode.
An evaluation device of gear pair in which high precision analysis of tooth flank can be realized based on measurement information of actual tooth flank without using the information of a reference tooth flank. An operating section (6) associates each three-dimensional coordinate data on the gear tooth flank (102G) and the pinion tooth flank (102P) at a predetermined working rotary position and converts it into the three-dimensional coordinate data of a cylindrical coordinate system by referring to a gear (101G). When a function representing a point on the pinion tooth flank (102P) is created based each three-dimensional coordinate data on the pinion tooth flank (102P), and the coordinates of each point on the pinion tooth flank (102P) corresponding to each point (lattice point) on the gear tooth flank (102G) are operated using the function.
G01B 21/20 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
Disclosed is a capacitor with excellent durability which has high capacity retention when continuously charged at high temperatures. Specifically disclosed is a lithium ion capacitor comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an aprotic organic solvent solution of a lithium salt as electrolyte solution. This lithium ion capacitor is characterized in that the positive electrode active material is a substance capable of reversibly carrying lithium ions and/or anions, the negative electrode active material is a substance capable of reversibly carrying lithium ions, the positive and/or negative electrode is doped with lithium ions so that the potential of the positive electrode is not more than 2.0 V after short-circuiting the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a vinylene carbonate or a derivative thereof is contained in the electrolyte solution.
H01G 11/06 - Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
H01G 11/24 - Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosityElectrodes characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
H01G 11/30 - Electrodes characterised by their material
H01G 11/34 - Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
H01G 11/38 - Carbon pastes or blendsBinders or additives therein
H01G 11/42 - Powders or particles, e.g. composition thereof
H01G 11/44 - Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
H01G 11/50 - Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
A resin composition which is obtained by compounding 99-70 wt.% specific wholly aromatic polyester-amide liquid-crystal resin (A) with 1-30 wt.% epoxy-modified polyolefin resin (B) and melt-kneading the two and which, when examined at a temperature higher by 20°C than the melting point thereof, has a melt viscosity of 60-4,000 Pa쮏s as measured at a shear rate of 1,000 sec-1 and a melt tension of 20 mN or higher as measured at a pulling rate of 14.8 m/min is melted at a temperature of from the melting point to (the melting point + 40°C) and extruded at a rate of 0.3-5 kg/min, excluding 5 kg/min, to form a parison (P). A pair of molds (30) disposed respectively on both sides of the parison (P) are closed at a given pressure and air is blown into the parison (P).
Battery cells (20) each having sheet-form electrode tabs (25a, 25b) led out from the opposite ends are connected to each other in the following manner. First, battery cells (20) are flatly arranged in one row so that the electrode tab (25a) of one battery cell (20) and the electrode tab (25b) of the other battery cell (20) partially overlap each other. Next, the electrode tabs are connected with each other at the overlapped portions (35A, 35B) where the electrode tabs overlap. Then a plurality of battery cells (20) are laminated one upon another in a staggeringly folded up form.
A light emitting device which excites a fluorescent material by electrons field-emitted from an electron emitting source and emits light. The light emitting device (1) is provided with a glass substrate (3) having a transparent electrode (15) and a fluorescent material layer (16); a grid electrode (10) having a plurality of openings; and a glass substrate (2) having a cathode electrode (5), an electron emitting source (6) and a cathode mask (20). The electrons field-emitted from the electron emitting source by a voltage applied between the grid electrode and the cathode electrode are accelerated toward the transparent electrode and are permitted to collide with the fluorescent material layer. The fluorescent material layer excited by the collided electrons emits light. The cathode mask is provided with an opening having a size substantially the same as that of the opening of the grid electrode, at a position substantially the same as that of the opening of the grid electrode. As a result, the number of electrons which jump into the grid electrode and do not contribute to light emission, among the electrons emitted from the electron emitting source, is reduced. Furthermore, generation of metal sputtering can be prevented.
A battery element (2) is surrounded by and is held between exterior films (4, 5) having heat-seal resin layers, and is sealed by a heat-sealing area (6) formed by heat-sealing the outer periphery thereof over the entire periphery. A crosslinked structure (13) is formed at part of the heat-sealing area (6) by crosslinking the exterior film (5), and a gas open chamber (12) is formed with its tip end positioned at the crosslinked structure (13). The gas open chamber (12) is surrounded by the heat-sealing area (6) over the entire periphery and is a portion where films (4, 5) are not heat-sealed. A both-end-open tube (14) is connected with the chamber (12) while being held between the films (4, 5) with the tip end thereof positioned in the chamber (12).
A film-coated battery (1) comprises a power generation element (2) coated with a laminate film (7) and electrodes (3, 4) extended to the outside. The film-coated battery (1) is contained in a cell case (10). Openings (16) for feeding cooling air to portions corresponding to power generation elements (2) are formed when cell cases (10) are stacked. Film-coated batteries (1) contained in the cell cases (10) are contained, as a battery pack, in a battery pack housing (40). The battery pack housing (40) has an inlet (41) for introducing cooling air into the housing, an introduction duct (44) communicating with each opening (16), and a cleaning section (46), provided between the inlet (41) and the introduction duct (44), for removing moisture and dust contained in the cooling air.
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