Abstract

The invention relates to a light source for optically pumping a laser-active medium (7). It is an object of the invention to provide a pump light source, which is improved, in particular is more efficient, compared with the prior art, the pump light of which is generated by non-linear frequency conversion. For this purpose, according to the invention, the light source comprises a multi-core optical waveguide (1), which comprises a plurality of light-guiding cores (2) extending along the longitudinal extent of the multi-core optical waveguide (1). A frequency converter (4) is connected downstream of the multi-core optical waveguide (1) in the beam path, which is designed to convert individual beams (5) emitted from the cores (2) of the multi-core optical waveguide (1) into frequency-converted individual beams (6) in separate non-linear elements of the frequency converter (4) each assigned to the respective individual beams (5). A superposing optical unit is provided, to superimpose the frequency converted individual beams (6) in the laser-active medium (7), in order to optically pump the latter. Finally, the invention relates to a laser system, which uses such a light source as a pump light source, and to a method for optically pumping a laser-active medium (7).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01S 3/067 - Fibre lasers
• H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
• H01S 3/094 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
• H01S 3/16 - Solid materials

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical fiber having a plurality of light-guiding core regions (1) which extend, mutually spaced, along the longitudinal extension of the optical fiber and which are all located, viewed in the cross-section of the optical fiber, inside a contiguous signal region (2) which is completely enclosed by a cladding region (3), wherein: the optical fiber contains stress elements (6) which are designed to produce a mechanical stress field in the optical fiber; each core region (1) is subjected, by the stress elements (6), to a double refraction and therefore to mechanical stress causing polarisation-maintaining behavior; one main polarisation axis is associated with each of the core regions (1); and all the stress elements (6) are located outside of the signal region (2). The aim of the invention is to provide a multi-core optical fiber having polarisation-maintaining properties which is improved in comparison to the prior art. To achieve this aim, the stress elements (6) are distributed in groups each composed of two or more stress elements (6) across the cross-section of the optical fiber, wherein the stress elements (6), viewed in the cross-section of the optical fiber, are arranged asymmetrically, specifically non-rotationally-symmetrically, which causes the main polarisation axes in all core regions (1) to point in the same direction. In addition, the invention relates to a laser system which uses an optical fiber of this kind.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/02 - Optical fibres with cladding
• G02B 6/024 - Optical fibres with cladding with polarisation-maintaining properties
• H01S 3/067 - Fibre lasers

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical system for generating or guiding light, comprising a multi-channel light guide (1) which comprises a plurality of individual light guides running parallel to one another and comprising a superposing optical unit (2) which is designed to superpose light emissions of the individual light guides in a target plane (3) at an outlet end of the multi-channel light guide (1). According to the invention, the superposition of the light emissions of the individual light guides is incoherent in the target plane (3). The finding of the invention is that the incoherent superposition of the individual emissions results in an effectively better, more homogenous, and more stable beam quality than when a surface-equivalent transversally multimode individual large-core fiber is used, e.g. as an amplification fiber of a laser system.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01S 3/067 - Fibre lasers
• H01S 3/23 - Arrangement of two or more lasers not provided for in groups , e.g. tandem arrangement of separate active media
• H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
• H01S 3/16 - Solid materials

Abstract

A wavelength conversion apparatus (100) for spectrally converting laser pulses (1) by creating new spectral components (2) of the laser pulses (1) comprises a multi-pass cell device (10) including an optically non-linear medium (11) and being arranged for receiving the laser pulses (1) to be converted and transmitting the laser pulses (1) through the optically non-linear medium (11) multiple times, wherein the new spectral components (2) of the laser pulses (1) are created by self-phase modulation, and a pulse shaper device (20) being arranged upstream of the multi-pass cell device (10) and being capable of changing the spectral phase and/or the amplitude of the laser pulses (1) for providing the laser pulses (1) to be converted with a non-symmetrical temporal pulse shape (3) having a leading flank (4) and a trailing flank (5) with different amounts of steepness, wherein the non-symmetrical temporal pulse shape (3) yields a centre wavelength shift of the laser pulses (1) by the self-phase modulation in the multi-pass cell device 10. Furthermore, a laser source apparatus (200) including the wavelength conversion apparatus and a wavelength conversion method for spectrally converting laser pulses (1) are described.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/39 - Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus (100) for investigating an object (10) by using nuclear magnetic resonance, the apparatus (100) comprising: - a magnetically shielded chamber (20) for magnetically shielding the object (10) from external static magnetic fields when being investigated; - a spin-manipulation unit (30), which is arranged, at least in parts, in the magnetically shielded chamber (20) and configured to manipulate spins of radioactive nuclei that are present in the object (10); and - at least one particle detector (40) which is configured to detect nuclear radiation emitted from the radioactive nuclei that are present in the object (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 33/32 - Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radiofrequency signals
• G01R 33/44 - Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
• G01R 33/28 - Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance - Details of apparatus provided for in groups
• G01R 33/30 - Sample handling arrangements, e.g. sample cells, spinning mechanisms
• G01R 33/42 - Screening
• G01R 33/46 - NMR spectroscopy

Abstract

colcolcol < π//2, and the mirror elements are arranged such that an accumulated half round trip Gouy phase parameter Ghrt per half round trip through the multi-pass cell device (10) differs from n*π//2, with n being a natural number. Furthermore, a laser source apparatus and a method of creating laser pulses (1B), employing the laser pulse spectral broadening apparatus (100), are described.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
• G02F 1/35 - Non-linear optics

Abstract

Described are a method and a device for lensless imaging by means of Fourier transformation holography, for the reconstruction of an object (101) by irradiation of the object (101) with a coherent light field (100) in an object plane (103) in which the object (101) is arranged, and an intensity distribution of a diffraction image (104) of the light field (100) in a detector plane by means of a surface detector. As part of conventional Fourier transformation holography, it is proposed that at least two diffraction structures (102, P1, P2, P3, P4) are provided and are irradiated from the light field (100) together with the object (101). From the inverse Fourier transform (105) of the diffraction image (104), cross correlations (KK) are separated and a Fourier transformation (FT) of each of the separated cross correlations (KK) is carried out, wherein the Fourier transforms (109) of the separated cross correlations (KK) are masked by a Fourier mask (M) and blurred regions of the Fourier transforms (109) are blanked out. All masked Fourier transforms (111) are combined to form a mask image (112) of the diffraction image (104), and the inverse Fourier transform is generated from the mask image (112) by applying the inverse Fourier transformation (IFT) of the mask image (112).

IPC Classes  ?

• G03H 1/04 - Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
• G03H 1/08 - Synthesising holograms
• G03H 1/26 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
• G03H 1/22 - Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
• G03H 1/00 - HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS - Details peculiar thereto

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for characterising a coherent light field (1) in amplitude and phase, the method having the following steps: • providing an object (10) with known transmission function T(x,y) for the light field (1) in amplitude and phase; • irradiating the object (10) with the coherent light field (1) to be characterised in an object plane (11) in which the object (10) is arranged; • detecting an intensity distribution l'(x,y) of the diffraction image (22) of the light field (1) spatially behind the irradiated object (10) in a detector plane (21) by means of a flat detector (20); • reconstructing the light wave function u(x,y) after passage of same through the object (10) by iterative determination of phase and amplitude of the light wave from the intensity distribution l'(x,y) detected; • calculating the light wave (1) before passage through the object by applying the known transmission function T(x,y) to the reconstructed light wave function u(x,y). According to the invention, an object with a structure region (12) is used as the object (10), the structure region (12) of the object (10) being defined by a transmission mask which provides for only strong absorbing regions (13) with a transmission T ≈ 0 and non-absorbing regions (14) with a transmission of T ≈ 1.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 27/46 - Systems using spatial filters
• G01J 9/00 - Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
• G02B 27/42 - Diffraction optics

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for time-to-digital conversion, by means of which the time at which a signal arrives at a measuring device is determined, and to a time-to-digital converter designed to carry out the method. The signal (108) arriving at the measuring device is fed into a delay circuit (100) composed of a plurality of delay elements (101) connected in series, which have an input (102) and an output (103), the output (103) of one of the delay elements (101) being connected to the input (102) of the following delay element (101), and passes through the delay circuit (100), the fed signal (108) causing a level change, and the outputs (103) of all the delay elements (101) also being connected to inputs of respective registers (105) for read-out. According to the invention, the signal (108) is fed into the delay circuit (100) as a sequence of level changes by means of a pulse generator (130) and the exiting of each level change at the end of the delay elements (101) connected in series is counted in an exit counter (150).

IPC Classes  ?

• G04F 10/00 - Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by electric means

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of a porous polymer etched ion-track membrane as separator for batteries comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a liquid electrolyte comprising at least one salt of a cationic ion in solution in a solvent, and to batteries comprising such a membrane as porous separator.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
• B01D 71/26 - Polyalkenes
• B01D 71/34 - Polyvinylidene fluoride
• B01D 71/36 - Polytetrafluoroethene
• B01D 71/48 - Polyesters
• B01D 71/50 - Polycarbonates
• B01D 71/64 - Polyimides; Polyamide-imides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• H01M 10/052 - Li-accumulators
• H01M 10/054 - Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
• H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
• H01M 2/14 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements

Abstract

The invention describes a method and a device for creating a phase modulated ultrashort laser pulse (12), comprising the following steps: - an initial ultrashort laser pulse (1) is split into a first laser pulse (3) and a second laser pulse (6), - a time delay (δ) is introduced between the first and the second laser pulse (3, 6), - a positive chirp is applied to the first laser pulse (3) and a negative chirp is applied to the second laser pulse (6) obtaining an instantaneous frequency (ω/ΧΟ) for the first and second laser pulse (3) and (6), and - the first laser pulse (3) and the second laser pulse (6) are recombined to form the phase modulated ultrashort laser pulse (12). The method and device can be used for Compton scattering of accelerated electrons with the phase modulated ultrashort laser pulses.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
• H05G 2/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
• H01S 3/11 - Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
• H01S 5/00 - Semiconductor lasers

Abstract

A laser pulse contrast ratio measurement device is presented, the device comprising a laser pulse generator for generating a sum frequency laser pulse, the laser pulse generator providing an interaction zone, a beam guide device having a first beam guide for guiding a reference beam to said interaction zone in said laser pulse generator and a second beam guide for guiding a probe beam to said interaction zone in said laser pulse generator. The device further comprises a detection unit for detecting the sum frequency laser pulse generated in said laser pulse generator. The probe beam has a probe beam frequency, whereas the reference beam has a reference beam frequency, wherein the reference beam frequency corresponds to the second harmonic of the probe beam frequency. The beam guide device of said device is adapted to direct the reference beam and the probe beam in a non-collinear manner under an interaction angle on said laser pulse generator so that the probe beam and the reference beam interact in the interaction zone of the laser pulse generator so as to generate the sum frequency laser pulse in the laser pulse generator, and wherein the beam guide device is adjusted to provide the interaction angle between the reference beam and the probe beam in the interaction zone in the laser pulse generator to be greater than 3°.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
• G02F 1/39 - Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves

Abstract

Disclosed is a novel rotary module (20) for a measuring device (100 and also 110, 120, 115, 125) of an accelerator system. The rotary module comprises a first radial bearing (22, 22') with a first bearing side (24) designed to be paired with an accelerator-side flange connection, and with a second bearing side for supportively receiving the measuring device on the first radial bearing, so that the measuring device is connected to the accelerator system by means of the first radial bearing. The rotary module also has a drive for controlling a rotary motion of the measuring device about an axis of rotation.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05H 7/14 - Vacuum chambers
• G01T 1/00 - Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
• G01T 1/29 - Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation

Abstract

The invention relates to a work piece alignment device (1) for aligning a work piece (6) relative to exactly one rotation axis (9) during a forming process of the work piece (6) during processing thereof, which work piece alignment device has an absolute direction indicator apparatus (2) and a fastening apparatus (3) for temporary fastening of the work piece alignment device (1) on the work piece (6).

IPC Classes  ?

• B23Q 17/22 - Arrangements for indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work

Abstract

The invention relates to a direction determination device (1, 13) for determining the direction of a radiation source of ionizing radiation. Said direction determination device comprises at least two, preferably at least three, radiation detection devices (2, 2a, 2b, 3, 18) which are arranged at an angle relative each other. A first radiation detection device, preferably two first radiation detection devices, is/are designed as symmetry-maintaining angle-dependent radiation detection device(s) (2, 2a, 2b), and a second radiation detection device is designed as a symmetry-breaking angle-dependent radiation detection device (3, 18).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01T 1/29 - Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation

Abstract

The invention proposes measuring the speed of hadrons (9) in a beam pipe (7) by measuring the energy of the type of electrons (10, 11) produced by the interaction of the hadrons (9) with the residual gas atoms in the beam pipe (9) in the direction of flight of the hadrons (9).

IPC Classes  ?

• H05H 7/00 - PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY- CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS - Details of devices of the types covered by groups

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planning the irradiation of a moving target volume arranged in a body by means of a rescanning process using a particle irradiation system. The method has the steps of determining the target volume in a reference state of the movement, dividing the target volume into a plurality of target points which can be individually struck with a particle beam, calculating a target dose to be deposited at each of the target points of the target volume, determining a number of rescan passes in which each of the target points of the target volume is struck, calculating an expected average movement of the target points of the target volume using a movement model, taking into consideration the expected average movement of the target points of the target volume while planning the irradiation such that the deviation of the expected dose deposit from the target dose is detected for each target point and the target dose is corrected for each target point on the basis of the deviation, and generating control parameters for the irradiation system, said control parameters comprising a particle number to be applied per target point and rescan pass.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

Method for irradiation planning of a target volume (34) with a scanned particle beam (20), involving the steps of: defining a target volume (34) arranged inside a body (77), dividing the target volume (34) into a plurality of individually approachable target points (30), defining a number of chronologically consecutive partial irradiation plans, dividing the target points (30) of the target volume (34) into partial quantities (A, B, C, D) on the partial irradiation plans, the partial quantities (A, B, C, D) being distributed along the entire target volume (34), and mutually adjacent target points (30) of the target volume (34) being respectively assigned to different partial irradiation plans.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical resonator (1), comprising at least one optical element (2), which reflects or transmits laser radiation, preferably pulsed laser radiation. The aim of the invention is to create a practical possibility of coupling pulsed laser radiation out of or into a resonator (1). The invention achieves said aim in that the optical element (2) can be switched, wherein in a first switching position the laser radiation is reflected or transmitted in such a way that that the laser radiation circulates in the resonator (1), and wherein in a second switching position the laser radiation is coupled out of the resonator (1) or the laser radiation emitted by an external radiation source is coupled into the resonator (1).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range

Abstract

The invention relates to an area dosimeter apparatus (1, 15, 24) that includes a radiation attenuation device (2, 3, 26) and a plurality of holding devices (5) for detector element devices (6, 16). In addition, a radiation conversion device (7, 27) is provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01T 1/10 - Luminescent dosimeters

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy-generating apparatus (1, 10, 11, 12) which has a plurality of magnetic field-generating apparatuses (2), a plurality of magnetic field interaction means (3, 18), and a plurality of piezo element devices (4). In this case, the magnetic field-generating apparatus (2) is designed and set up in such a way that the magnetic field generated by it varies over time.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02N 2/18 - Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an irradiation installation for irradiating a moving target volume with an ion beam, particularly for the purpose of tumour therapy. Ion radiography measurements are carried out for said target volume, and the irradiation for the deposition and for the radiography are carried out using the same ion beam but in a temporally consecutive manner, with the power of the ion beam being switched between a higher radiography power and a lower deposition power using, for example, a passive power modulator proximal to the patient.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a radiation-hardened data memory (1), comprising a reversibly writable data storage means (2), a data read-out means (9) for reading out data (7, 11), a data writing means (6) for writing data (4), and a data correction means (10) for verifying the correctness of data (7) and for correcting any data errors that are present. If the data correction means (10) corrects data (7) that have been read out, the corrected data (11) are written into the data storage means (2) by the data writing means (6).

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 11/10 - Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out nines or elevens
• G06F 11/16 - Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (19) by which the dose entering an object (2), which is to be irradiated with an energetic particle beam (3), is determined during the application of the radiation. The doses entering the object are determined in volume areas (6, 14, 15) lying outside the target volume area (5) in each case irradiated by the energetic particle beam (3). To determine the dose entering the object, a calculation function is used that is at least partially based on a physical model of the energetic particle beam (3).

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (15) for preparing an irradiation plan for irradiating a target volume area (11, 13) in an object (10) using a moving particle beam, said target volume area moving at least along some areas. The respective dose input in at least one time point volume (Vj) is determined using an imaging function (1), said dose input being produced by impinging an irradiation point (Bi) by means of the preferably moving particle beam. Additionally, the imaging function (1) depends on a movement state (k) of the moving target volume area (11, 13).

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to an irradiation arrangement (1, 3) for irradiating a workpiece (12) with a particle beam (10). The irradiation arrangement (1, 3) comprises a particle beam supply device (2, 9), a workpiece accommodation device (13) and a position-sensitive particle monitoring device (14), characterised in that the position-sensitive particle monitoring device (14) is arranged on the distal side of the workpiece accommodation device (13), when seen from the particle beam supply device (2, 9).

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
• G21K 5/04 - Irradiation devices with beam-forming means

Abstract

The invention relates to a measurement device (1, 22, 25) for measuring the residual gas pressure in a vacuum. The measurement device (1, 22, 25) has an electron gun (2) and a gauge head (3, 27). The electron gun (2) and gauge head (3, 27) are designed and arranged separately from each other.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01L 21/30 - Vacuum gauges by making use of ionisation effects

Abstract

The invention relates to a measurement device (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) having an electron-releasing device (8), an electron-accepting device (13, 31, 32) and an ion-accepting device (19, 23, 24), a measuring section device (6) being provided, which is formed separately from the at least one electron-accepting device (13, 31, 32).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01L 21/32 - Vacuum gauges by making use of ionisation effects using electric discharge tubes with thermionic cathodes
• G01L 21/34 - Vacuum gauges by making use of ionisation effects using electric discharge tubes with cold cathodes
• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
• H01J 41/02 - Discharge tubes and means integral therewith for measuring gas pressure
• H05H 1/00 - Generating plasma; Handling plasma
• H05H 7/00 - PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY- CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS - Details of devices of the types covered by groups

Abstract

The invention relates to a local dosimeter device (1) having a scattering body (2, 3) formed from two scattering body assemblies (2, 3). The two scattering body assemblies (2, 3) have at least one alignment device (16, 17) for mutual alignment of the two scattering body assemblies (2, 3) to each other.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01T 1/11 - Thermo-luminescent dosimeters

Abstract

The invention relates to a position-monitoring device (20, 21) for monitoring the position of at least one monitored device that is disposed in at least one housing (3). The position-monitoring device (20, 21) has at least one beam-like light-source device (8) and at least one light beam position-detecting device (13a, 13b, 14a, 14b, 23).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 11/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
• H05H 7/00 - PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY- CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS - Details of devices of the types covered by groups

Abstract

The present invention relates to a magnetic field generating device (1, 32) that comprises at least one electric coil device (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b), wherein in at least one cross-section of said electric coil device (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b) the electric conductors are arranged essentially along a circular arc (8, 28) within at least a first angular range and are deviating (9, 18, 29) from said circular arc within at least a second angular range, and wherein at least one magnetic yoke device (2, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25) is arranged at least along a part of said first angular range.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05H 7/08 - Arrangements for injecting particles into orbits
• H05H 7/10 - Arrangements for ejecting particles from orbits
• H05H 7/20 - Cavities; Resonators with superconductive walls
• H05H 7/04 - Magnet systems; Energisation thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy transmitting device (1, 12, 13) comprising an energy input unit (2) and at least an energy generating device (4, 5) which is configured as a piezoelement device. The energy input device (2) is designed and equipped to operate by means of the action of an external magnetic field (3).

IPC Classes  ?

• H02N 2/18 - Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators

Abstract

The invention relates to a particle energy adjustment system (1) for variably changing the energy of a particle beam (2, 10). The particle energy adjustment system (1) is provided with a variable energy variation device (8) having a control value correction unit (7) for correcting a supplied control value (11). The control value correction unit (7) corrects the supplied control values (11) using previously determined calibration data (15).

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mobile data centre unit (1), which is adapted to house a multiplicity of racks (5) being designed to provide storage space for IT equipment (6). The mobile data centre unit (1 ) is equipped with passive cooling means and/or with active components (25) already present with the IT equipment (6) in order to provide dissipation of heat being generated by the IT equipment (6.)

IPC Classes  ?

• H05K 7/20 - Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
• H05K 7/14 - Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack

Abstract

The invention relates to an electron-multiplier detector film (2) which has an insulating film (7) provided with a multiplicity of passage holes (10). The insulating film (7) is composed, at least partly and/or at least in some areas, of a non-hygroscopic material.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01J 47/02 - Ionisation chambers

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (39) for determining boundary hypersurfaces (7, 8, 17, 21) from data matrices (3, 4, 10, 11, 24, 27, 37). The method (39) has the following steps: identification of the intermediate hypersurfaces (5, 13, 28, 38), situated between two respective matrix elements (3, 4, 10, 11, 24, 27, 37), that correspond to at least a portion of at least one boundary hypersurface (7, 8, 17, 21) to be determined; representation of the intermediate hypersurfaces (5, 13, 28, 38) identified in this manner by points (6, 29) that are adjacent to intermediate hypersurfaces; connection of the points (6, 29) that are adjacent to intermediate hypersurfaces by at least one respective closed curve (5, 14, 15, 25); combination of the hypersurface components (5, 13, 28, 38) formed by the closed curves (5, 14, 15, 25) to form at least one boundary hypersurface (7, 8, 17, 21).

IPC Classes  ?

• G06T 17/00 - 3D modelling for computer graphics
• G06T 17/20 - Wire-frame description, e.g. polygonalisation or tessellation

Abstract

The invention relates to an irradiation installation comprising an accelerator device having a particle accelerator, by which particles can be accelerated and by which a particle beam can be generated, wherein the particle beam has a beam intensity, comprising a beam monitoring device for measuring the beam quality of the extracted particle beam, wherein the beam monitoring device has a plurality of adjustable measurement ranges, and comprising a control device for controlling the accelerator device and the beam monitoring device, wherein the measurement range of the beam monitoring device can be adjusted on the basis of the beam intensity of the particle beam and/or on the basis of the particle count to be applied. In the control method for controlling an irradiation installation a particle beam is generated with a beam intensity, and the beam quality of the particle beam is monitored with a beam monitoring device, wherein one of a plurality of adjustable measurement ranges is selected, and wherein the measurement range of the beam monitoring device is adjusted on the basis of the beam intensity of the particle beam and/or on the basis of a particle count to be applied.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and method for producing, providing, and transporting metal elements in the gaseous phase, wherein the carrier gas contains carbon monoxide and the carrier gas and the metal elements are brought together in a reaction volume and the metal elements and carbon monoxide combine to synthesize metal-element carbonyl complexes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01G 1/04 - Carbonyls

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (1) for producing irradiation planning in which the effects of at least one uncertainty on the irradiation planning are calculated (4), assessed, presented (7) and considered (8).

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy filter device (1, 23) for particle beams (3) of charged particles (3), comprising at least one focusing device (12, 20, 27, 28, 29) and at least one radiation separation device (15, 17, 25, 30, 37). The at least one focusing device (12, 20, 27, 28, 29) is thereby implemented as an energy-dependent focusing device (12, 20, 27, 28, 29).

IPC Classes  ?

• G21K 1/093 - Deviation, concentration, or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means by magnetic means

Abstract

The invention relates to an irradiation phantom device (1, 2) for validating an irradiation plan, comprising a displacement device (10, 15) for displacement from a first partial region (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) of the irradiation phantom device (1, 2) relative to a second partial region (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 17) of the irradiation phantom device (1, 2). The irradiation phantom device (1, 2) has irradiation properties conforming to an irradiation phantom model, at least in some regions.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to an impurities removing device (1, 16) for separating gaseous impurities by sorption. The impurities removing device (1, 16) comprises a transit device (12, 17) which is permeable in geometrical terms and has cooled sorption surfaces (12, 13), wherein the cooling device (7) is designed as a cooling device (7) functioning without the consumption of operating resources.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
• B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
• B01D 8/00 - Cold traps; Cold baffles
• F04B 37/08 - Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups for evacuating by thermal means by condensing or freezing, e.g. cryogenic pumps

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (30) for setting up a radiation planning for irradiating a mobile target volume zone (3) by means of a radiation producing device (1), wherein a dose input of the irradiation beam (2) of the radiation producing device (1) in a target volume zone (3) is taken into consideration. According to the invention, irradiation beam inhomogeneities (2, 18, 20) are taken into consideration when setting up the radiation planning.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (1, 2) for setting up a radiation planning for a beam producing device (14). The radiation planning comprises a plurality of irradiation positions (33) that correlate at least partially and/or at least temporarily with at least one basic parameter (29) that may occur at the time of application (12) of the radiation planning. During the set-up (1) of the radiation planning those portions of the radiation positions (33) where a correlation with the at least one basic parameter (29) is more likely to occur are increasingly taken into consideration.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The present invention relates to a particle beam generating device (1), comprising an accelerator unit (3, 8, 10) for generating two particle beams (12, 13) and an emission unit (20) for the output of these two particle beams (12, 13) onto a workpiece (15). The two particle beams (12, 13) are of a different type. The present invention relates further to a method for controlling a particle beam generating device.

IPC Classes  ?

• G21K 5/00 - Irradiation devices
• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a detector element device (2, 14) for detecting particle radiation (3). The detector element device (2, 14) has a substrate layer (4) and two electrode layers (5, 6, 15, 16). The substrate layer (4) consists of hetero-epitaxially produced diamond material (23) at least in regions, while at least one electrode layer (5, 6, 15, 16) consists of diamond-like carbon (29) at least in regions.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01T 1/26 - Measuring radiation intensity with resistance detectors
• G01T 1/29 - Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation

Abstract

The invention relates to methods (18, 20) for operating a radiation device (1) for irradiating a target volume area (3) of a target body (2). The irradiated target volume area (3) of the target body (2) can be modified by a control input (21) of the radiation device (1). Upon generation (20, 21) of the control input (21), a delay interval (Δt) between a control input and a reaction of the radiation device (1) is taken into consideration (30).

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a particle accelerating device (1), wherein the energy of the particles (23) released by the particle accelerating device (1) are quasi-continuously changed (27) at least part of the time and/or at least partially. The invention further relates to a particle accelerating device (1), wherein the energy of the released particles (23) can be quasi-continuously changed (27) at least part of the time and/or at least partially.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05H 7/12 - Arrangements for varying final energy of beam
• H05H 13/00 - Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
• H05H 13/04 - Synchrotrons
• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (41) for actuating a device (1) for irradiating objects (34). The object (34) comprises at least one target volume (14, 20) to be irradiated and at least one volume (10, 16, 17, 21) to be protected. At least one signal dosage value (30, 31) is defined for the volume (10, 16, 17, 21) to be protected. During irradiation (43) of the object (34), the dosage introduced into the volume (10, 16, 17, 21) to be protected is determined (44) and a signal is output (47, 48) as soon as the introduced dosage exceeds at least one signal dosage value (30, 31) at at least one point (25) of the volume (10, 16, 17, 21) to be protected.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling dosage application during irradiation of a moveable target volume in a body with an energy beam, in particular with a needle-thin ion beam by means of which the target volume is scanned. The invention further relates to an irradiation device comprising components that implement the method. Before irradiating an i-th grid position, a dosage is determined during the irradiation process using the movement data, wherein said dosage already contains the i-th grid position during irradiation of the previous grid positions (1<=k

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a homogeneous field generation device (21, 22, 23) for generating homogeneous electrical fields (E), which have at least one electrical resistance device (17, 20, 24, 29). The electrical resistance device (17, 20, 24, 29) is designed as a continuous resistance device (24, 29).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01J 47/02 - Ionisation chambers

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for checking an irradiation installation in which a dose distribution is deposited in a target object by means of a treatment beam, said method comprising the following steps: an irradiation planning data record optimised for the irradiation of a moving target volume is provided; a movement signal that reproduces a movement of the target volume is provided; a phantom is irradiated, said phantom being formed for detecting a dose distribution deposited in the phantom during or after the irradiation, using the control parameters stored in the irradiation planning data record and the movement signal; a dose distribution deposited in the phantom is determined; a dose distribution to be expected is calculated on the basis of parameters that are related to the control of the irradiation installation during the irradiation; and the determined dose distribution deposited in the phantom is compared to the calculated dose distribution to be expected. The invention also relates to a corresponding device and an irradiation installation comprising such a device.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to an image processing method for image processing, using a first CT image (PL-CT) of an object containing a target object, comprising pixels and pixel values associated therewith, and a second image (K-CT) of the object recorded at another time. The first CT image (PL-CT) and the second image (K-CT) are compared to each other in terms of the target object. Taking into account the comparison, a movement of the target object is carried out inside the first CT image (PL-CT), by reallocating pixel values to pixels. Said method is especially suitable for using in an irradiation planning system.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 6/03 - Computerised tomographs
• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
• G06T 7/00 - Image analysis

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for drawing up an irradiation plan, comprising the following steps: a) an imaging data record of the target object to be irradiated, that comprises a target volume (14), is prepared, b) a target volume (14) reproduced in the imaging data record and a condition to be met are pre-defined, c) an optimisation method is carried out for determining a set of parameters with which an irradiation installation (10) can be controlled, said optimisation method optimising the set of parameters in terms of the condition to be met, using the imaging data record, and calculating steps are carried out to this end, characterising the effect of the beam on the target object, d) an irradiation planning data record (40) is produced, in which the optimised set of parameters is stored, and, in addition to the optimised set of parameters, at least some of the intermediate results that have been determined during the calculating steps during the determination of the optimised set of parameters are stored. The invention also relates to methods in which such an irradiation planning data record is used. The invention further relates to a correspondingly designed irradiation planning device and to an irradiation installation of such an irradiation planning device.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a housing (1) for devices (6) operated under vacuum and/or protection gas, having a housing interior (2) and a receiving region (9) for receiving a getter material (7). According to the invention, the connection between the housing interior (2) and the receiving region (7) for receiving the getter material (9) is designed as a particle-impermeable connection (43).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 23/20 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
• H01J 49/02 - Particle spectrometers or separator tubes - Details

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for irradiating a moving target volume, comprising the following steps: the target volume is irradiated in such a way it is irradiated according to the rescanning method during which a beam scans over the target volume several times, and a dosage distribution which has appeared in a different region from the target volume during the irradiation of the target volume is determined, the region being subjected to a different movement model from the target volume and/or the region being subjected to a different movement-related particle range modification from the target volume. The invention also relates to an irradiation system for irradiating a moving target volume, comprising an irradiation device designed to irradiate the target volume in such a way that, during irradiation, the target volume can be irradiated according to the rescanning method during which a beam scans several times over the target volume. A monitoring device is designed to determine a dosage distribution appearing in a region different from the target volume during the irradiation of the target volume, the region being characterised in that it is subjected to a different movement model and/or a different movement-related particle range modification from the target volume.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for irradiating a moving target volume, comprising the following steps: the target volume is irradiated in such a way that the beam used to irradiate the target volume tracks the movement of the target volume, and a dosage distribution that has appeared in a region different from the target volume during the irradiation of the target volume is determined, said region being subjected to a different movement model from that of the target volume. The invention also relates to an irradiation system for irradiating a moving target volume, said system comprising an irradiation device designed to irradiate the target volume in such a way that the beam tracks the movement of the target volume during an irradiation, and a monitoring device designed to determine a dosage distribution appearing in a region different from the target volume during the irradiation of the target volume, said region being subjected to a different movement model from that of the target volume.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for controlling an irradiation system for irradiating a moved target volume. Said device comprises an evaluation device for evaluating a substitute movement signal; an imaging device for recording image data of the moving target volume, which is activated or deactivated by a control device according to the evaluation of the substitute movement signal; an image evaluation device for evaluating the image data recorded by the imaging device; and an irradiation device that is activated or deactivated by means of an irradiation control device according to the evaluation of the image data. The invention also relates to a method for controlling an irradiation system, carried out on such a device.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planning the irradiation of a target volume, according to which a target region with individual approachable target points is established, and a number of rescan stages are determined, in which the target region is scanned several times, in such a way that the target points of the target region are often approached differently during the rescan stages, whereby at least some of the target points are not approached during each rescan stage. The approaching of the target points is distributed between the rescan stages in such a way that, for at least one target point that is not approached in each rescan stage, at least one other rescan stage in which said target point is not approached is carried out before the last rescan stage in which said target point is approached. The invention also relates to a corresponding irradiation method, a corresponding irradiation planning device, a corresponding control device for controlling an irradiation system and a corresponding irradiation system.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining an effect of a particle beam (34a) on an at least partially radiated material, or material to be radiated, wherein from at least one parameter characterizing the particle beam (34a), and from at least one property of the material, the effect of the particle beam on the material is at least partially determined based on a microscopic damage correlation. The invention further relates to a corresponding method for the radiation planning for a target volume (44), and to a method for radiating a target volume (44) using a particle beam (34a). Furthermore, the invention relates to a radiation device (30, 66) having at least one beam modification device (32, 70) provided with a unit, particularly an active beam modification device (32), and/or a passive beam modification device (70), which is constructed for executing the method (200) according to the invention.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a detector device for detecting a penetration depth of a particle beam (22) applied to a target volume (23), comprising at least one detection device (25, 52). The detection device (100, 150) is configured and designed to detect photons, in particular gamma quanta, which are created in the target volume. The invention further relates to a method for determining a penetration depth of a particle beam (22) applied to an object (24), in particular a target volume (23) of the object (24), wherein photons, in particular gamma quanta, which are created by an interaction of the particle beam (22) in the object (24), are detected.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01T 1/169 - Exploration, location of contaminated surface areas
• G01T 1/29 - Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat transfer device (1) for transferring heat from a heat source (20) to a heat sink (16). The heat transfer device (1) has contacting means (3) for establishing a thermal contact between the heat transfer device (1) and the heat source (20) as well as the heat sink (16). Furthermore, the heat transfer device (1) has heat conducting means (2) for transferring thermal energy between the heat source (20) and the heat sink (16). The heat conducting means (2) and the contacting means (3) are at least partly connected to one another by an ultrasonic welding operation.

IPC Classes  ?

• F25D 19/00 - Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices
• G01J 5/06 - Arrangements for eliminating effects of disturbing radiation; Arrangements for compensating changes in sensitivity
• F17C 3/08 - Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
• H01L 31/024 - Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation

Abstract

The invention relates to a teaching for planning irradiation of two target volumes (81, 92), comprising a beam approaching target points (72) for depositing a first target dose distribution in a first of the two target volumes (81, 92) and a second target dose distribution in a second of the two target volumes (81, 92). The teaching is characterized by the steps: associating target points (72) with one of the target volumes (81, 92), defining a superpositioning of a first deposition caused by the approach to a target point (72) associated with the first target volume (81, 92) with a second deposition caused by the approach to a target point (72) associated with the second target volume (81, 92) and adjusting the planning for at least one of the target points (72), the approach to which contributes to the superpositioning of the first and second depositions.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
• G21K 5/04 - Irradiation devices with beam-forming means
• G21K 5/10 - Irradiation devices with provision for relative movement of beam source and object to be irradiated

Abstract

The teaching relates to irradiation of a target volume (53), wherein intensities are determined for target points (70), which are approached successively with a beam, comprising the following steps: detecting a volume (63) to be protected, in which a dose created by irradiating the target volume (53) is not to exceed a predetermined maximum value; determining intensities for target points (70) such that the dose created does not exceed the predetermined maximum value within the volume (63) to be protected, wherein a dose contribution data record is used for determining the intensities, said record comprising the dose created with a predetermined intensity at other locations (73) for target points (70) by directing the beam (20) at one of the target points (70).

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

the invention relates to a device for determining the control parameters for an irradiation unit, by means of which a number of radiation doses are serially administered to differing target points in a target volume. The device comprises an input device, for recording a target region and the movement of the target region and analytical unit for determining control parameters to control a beam such that, by means of the control parameters a beam may follow the movement for the target region and administer a defined dose distribution to the target region, wherein the analytical unit is designed that on determining the control parameters at least one first selectable control parameter is determined such that the beam only follows the movement for the target region orthogonal to the beam direction or on determining the control parameters at least one first selectable control parameter and a further control parameter representing an energy modulation for the beam are determined, wherein the determination for the at last one first control parameter and the further control parameter occurs taking into account the movement following in the beam direction.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for irradiating a target with a beam moving to a target point, comprising the following steps: measuring at least one of the variables relating to the position of the beam and intensity of the beam, changing the beam as a function of the at least one measured variable, particularly as a function of a variance relating to the at least one measured variable. The method is characterized in that per target point, the at least one measured variable is measured no more than once. The invention further relates to a device for irradiating a target according to the claimed method and to a control system for controlling a device of said kind.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a workpiece arrangement (1, 15, 18, 43), wherein two workpieces (2, 3, 22, 23, 45, 46) are connected to each other by means of a cohesive connecting seam (4, 16, 19, 28, 47). In this case, the region of the cohesive connecting seam (4, 16, 19, 28, 47) is provided with at least one thermal insulating device (8, 9, 18, 21, 27, 48, 49).

IPC Classes  ?

• B23K 37/00 - Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass
• G01T 7/00 - MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION - Details of radiation-measuring instruments

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for evaluating an activity distribution obtained in a moved target object by a beam that is generated by an irradiation device. Said apparatus comprises: a positron emission tomograph designed to record photons generated in the target object by the beam and generate test data representing points of origin of the photons; a movement detection device designed to generate a movement signal representing the movement of the target object; and an evaluation unit designed to associate the points of origin of the measured photons with positions in the target object with the help of the movement signal such that three-dimensional characteristics of the activity distribution actually generated in the target object can be evaluated by means of the photons generated by the beam. The invention further relates to an irradiation system and a method in which such an apparatus is used.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a radiation shielding construction for beam-guiding devices (28) of a particle accelerator and/or irradiation sites on a particle accelerator, comprising: a load-bearing housing (23) having concrete walls as side walls (14, 16), ceilings (18) and/or floors (10), wherein the concrete walls form a first radiation shielding layer, a second radiation shielding layer (20) comprising a loose or compacted filler mass, particularly soil, at the outside of at least some of the concrete walls, wherein the filler mass is pervious to water to a certain degree so that radionuclides could be flushed from the filler mass, wherein the concrete walls and the second radiation shielding layer (20) comprising the loose or compacted filler mass form an at least double-layer radiation shielding arrangement, and a sealing film (24) for the second radiation shielding layer (20), wherein the sealing film (24) surrounds and delimits the second radiation shielding layer (20) comprising the loose or compacted filler mass on the outside of the second radiation shielding layer (20), wherein the loose or compacted filler mass of the second radiation shielding layer (20) is enclosed between the concrete walls and the sealing film (24) in a water-proof manner, thereby immobilizing the filler mass hydro-geologically.

IPC Classes  ?

• G21F 1/12 - Laminated shielding materials
• G21F 7/00 - Shielded cells or rooms

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for depositing an intended dose distribution in a cyclically moved target area (102) by multiple irradiation with a beam (105) which approaches grid points of a target grid in at least two passes, in which grid points are approached in succession in each of the passes. It is characterized by the following steps: setting the maximum tolerated local deviation from the intended dose distribution, de-synchronizing the procedure of the irradiation and the cyclical movement of the target area (102), and dividing the irradiation of the target area into a sufficient number of passes such that local deviations from the intended dose distribution correspond to at most the maximum tolerated deviation from the intended target distribution. Furthermore, the invention also relates to an irradiation device for carrying out such a method and a method for determining the control parameters for this irradiation device.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnet (1, 10) comprising at least one magnet gap (2) for accommodating objects upon which the magnetic field generated by the magnets (1, 10) acts. The magnetic field generating means is characterized by at least one magnetic field measuring means (6, 7) which is arranged in a measuring device receiving section outside the magnet gap (2). The magnetic field measuring means (6, 7) can be used to control the magnet (1, 10).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 33/38 - Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
• G01R 33/44 - Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
• H05H 7/02 - Circuits or systems for supplying or feeding radio-frequency energy
• H05H 13/04 - Synchrotrons

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of segmented nanowires and components having said segmented nanowires. A template-based method is preferably used for producing the nanowire structural element, wherein electrochemical deposition of the nanowires takes place in nanopores. A plurality of nanowires thus is generated in the template foil. For the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires, an alternating sequence of cathodic deposition pulses and anodic counterpulses is performed. Segmented nanowires can be produced thereby.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25D 1/08 - Perforated or foraminous objects, e.g. sieves
• C25D 5/18 - Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus

Abstract

The invention relates to a nanowire structural element suitable for installing, for example, in a microreactor system or microcatalyst system. A template-based method is used for producing the nanowire structural element, wherein electrochemical deposition of the nanowires takes place in nanopores. Irradiation takes place at various angles, so that a nanowire network is formed. The structured hollow space in the nanowire network is exposed by dissolving the template foil and removing the dissolved template material. The networking of the nanowires gives the nanowire structural element stability, and an electrical connection is established between the nanowires.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25D 1/08 - Perforated or foraminous objects, e.g. sieves
• C25D 5/18 - Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus

Abstract

The invention relates to a nanowire structural element suitable for installing, for example, in a microreactor system or microcatalyst system. A template-based method is used for producing the nanowire structural element, wherein electrochemical deposition of the nanowires takes place in nanopores, preferably continuing at least until caps have formed and at least partially grown together. After reinforcing the two cover layers, the structured hollow space between the two cover layers is exposed by dissolving the template foil and removing the dissolved template material, wherein the two cover layers remain intact. The result is a stable, sandwich-like nanostructure having a two-dimensional, open-celled hollow space structure, bounded on two sides by the cover layers and penetrated by the nanowires in a columnar manner in the plane parallel to the cover layers.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25D 1/08 - Perforated or foraminous objects, e.g. sieves
• C25D 5/18 - Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current

Abstract

The invention relates to preferably a method and a system for synchronising cavities in a particle accelerator. A clock pulse is produced by a clock generator. The clock pulse is sent to at least one first reference point and one second reference point via a first optical line and a second optical line. The clock pulse is received in a first receiving unit and a second receiving unit which are associated with the first or the second reference point. In addition, a measuring signal of an optical wavelength differing from the optical wavelength of the clock pulse is produced. The measuring signal is injected into the first and second optical lines. A first reflector and a second reflector respectively associated with the first or second receiving units, and used for wavelength-selective reflection, enable the measuring signal to be respectively reflected. The measuring signal respectively returns on the transmission link and is extracted. The run time on the first and second optical lines is determined from the injected sent measuring signal and the extracted reflected measuring signal. Taking into account the respective run time on the optical lines, the phase positions of the clock pulse on the first and second reference points are synchronised with each other.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05H 7/02 - Circuits or systems for supplying or feeding radio-frequency energy

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a system for transmitting data in an optical transmission system. A measuring signal is produced with a wavelength which differs from the wavelengths of a data signal containing the data to be transmitted. The measuring signal is injected into the optical transmission system, reflected once it has been guided down the transmission path, and then extracted. The injected measuring signal is compared with the extracted reflected measuring signal. Taking into account the comparison results, a compensation of the change of the data signal, resulting from the dispersion in the fibre, is carried out such that the data contained in the data signal can be used.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
• H04B 10/2513 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion

Abstract

A data set defines target points (30) in a target volume (40) in a body at which a particle beam is to be directed in succession in a continuous or discontinuous process, wherein a predetermined spatial dose distribution is to be produced in an area around a target point (30) by direction of the particle beam at that target point (30), and each target point (30) has, measured in the direction of the particle beam in a homogeneous body equivalent to the body, a z spacing from a next adjacent target point (30) at a higher or lower particle energy. In a method of generating the data set, the target points (30) in the data set are so defined that at least the z spacings or the spatial dose distributions are dependent upon the particle energy in question.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

A power supply system for generating highly accurate and highly dynamic direct currents comprises a rectifier group and an active filter which is connected in parallel with the load at the output for smoothing purposes. In order to control and regulate the voltage of the rectifier group (SR1, SR2) and of the active filter, a control section is set up in each case, these control sections firstly ensuring that the average current value of the active filter current is adjusted to zero and that a harmonics-free output voltage can be provided by suitable pilot control signals USG. The use of such control and regulation systems means a passive filter at the output of the rectifier group can be completely dispensed with while at the same time making use of the advantages which are produced in terms of losses and outlay on components by the use of a bipolar clock bridge.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 1/15 - Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using active elements

Abstract

The invention relates to a local dosimeter for measuring the ambient equivalent dose (H* (10)) of photon radiation having a scattering body, a detector card having at least one pair of detector elements, preferably LiF chips, with the first of the two detector elements being positioned between two filter foils in order to spectrally filter the photon radiation, the second of the two detector elements not being arranged between filter foils like the first detector element, which means that the photon radiation hitting the second detector element has a different spectral distribution from the spectrally filtered photon radiation hitting the first detector element. The two measured values are summed in weighted form in order to obtain an optimized response characteristic, particularly in the range below 30 keV and possibly in the range above 1.3 MeV.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01T 1/11 - Thermo-luminescent dosimeters

Abstract

A method of determining an actual, especially an actual effective, radiation dose distribution of a moving target volume includes detecting first and further positions of volume elements of the target volume in a first and at least one further motional state of the moving target volume, determining transformation parameters by transformation of the first positions into the further positions, irradiating the moving target volume in accordance with an irradiation plan which comprises a plurality of raster points to be irradiated, wherein during the irradiation of a raster point it is detected which of the motional states is occupied by the moving target volume, assigning raster points to subirradiation plans and determining the actual effective dose for each of the plurality of volume elements, in each case from contributions from the raster points of the subirradiation plans using the transformation parameters. Calculation and application of correction parameters which compensate for changes, caused by movement, to the position of the Bragg maximum and to the biologically effective dose applied.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and to a method for adjusting the range of an ion beam (10), particularly for irradiation in tumor therapy. For this purpose, first the reference position of a target volume (20) to be irradiated is determined. The range of the ion beam is set such that it is adjusted to the reference position of the target volume so that the Bragg maximum, which is to say the maximum energy loss and therefore also the maximum damage, is in the region of the target volume to be destroyed. If a change (21-23) of the reference position is detected by a movement of the target volume, the ion beam is deflected out of the beam axis (11) such that the ion beam is guided across different regions of a range modulator (2), thereby compensating for the positional change of the target volume as a result of the adjustment of the range of the ion beam and pushing the Bragg maximum back into the region of the target volume.

IPC Classes  ?

• G21K 5/04 - Irradiation devices with beam-forming means
• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

The invention relates to a time-to-amplitude converter component in which a capacitor is loaded by means of a resistance network along a delay chain in order to obtain an analog voltage signal that is proportionate to the time difference between the start signal and the stop signal. According to the invention, the time-to-amplitude converter is stabilized against temperature variations and process deviations by means of a locked-loop circuit.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 1/06 - Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters
• H03L 7/081 - Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop - Details of the phase-locked loop provided with an additional controlled phase shifter
• H03L 7/099 - Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop - Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
• G04F 10/00 - Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by electric means
• H03M 1/12 - Analogue/digital converters
• H03M 1/50 - Analogue/digital converters with intermediate conversion to time interval

Abstract

A control parameter is determined for a system (10) for irradiating a predetermined target volume in a body (77) with a particle beam (75). The system is constructed to direct the particle beam at a multiplicity of target points (30) in the target volume in succession in order to produce at, each of the target points a predetermined dose distribution (42) in a region around the target point. The control parameter controls the extent of an overlap of the dose distribution of a first target point with the dose distributions of neighbouring target points. For determination of the control parameter, there is first determined (94) a movement parameter which quantitatively characterises the movement of the body at the first target point. The control parameter is determined (95) in dependence on the movement parameter.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
• A61B 17/00 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets

Abstract

A system for irradiating a predetermined target volume in a body with a particle beam is constructed to direct the particle beam at a multiplicity of target points in the body in succession, in order to produce at each of the target points a predetermined dose distribution. For the system there is determined a planning target volume by first determining, in a fictive homogeneous body, a target volume equivalent to the minimum target volume in the body. The equivalent target volume is extended by a safety margin, in order to determine the planning target volume.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61N 5/10 - X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Abstract

A field emission source for electrons as a field emission cathode is described. The field emission cathode is an ensemble of stochastically distributed field emission structures/peaks of freestanding nanowires or nanowire bundles formed thereof made of electrochemically precipitable metal materials. The field emission structures of the field emission cathode are dense at 103 to 109 cm-2. The individual emission structure is located at an average distance of 0.1 to 50 &mgr;m from the adjacent emission structures, the diameter d of the nanowires is in the range of 10 nm to 10 &mgr;m, and the height h of the nanowires is in the range of 1 to 100 &mgr;. The field emission cathode emits via at least one emission peak of the ensemble of field emission structures. If one of the field emission structures fails, another field emission structure assumes the emission, or the other field emission structures assume the emission, providing useful redundancy. The two-dimensional, homogeneous emission via a central region of the emission cathode is adjustable.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01J 1/304 - Field-emissive cathodes