Abstract

Apparatus for decontamination and disinfection of aqueous solutions consists of two separated chambers (1,2) that are filled and circulated with aqueous solution. Electrodes (5,6), one grounded and second connected to the high voltage DC source, are placed in chambers (1,2). Chambers (1,2) are connected through a connecting hole (9) of the finite length. Electrical discharge is created in the connecting hole (9) between electrodes (5,6) and generates chemically active species, which expand into the water flowing through the apparatus. Due to action of primary chemical and physical processes initiated by the discharge and subsequent secondary chemical processes taking place in an aqueous solution present in the chambers (1,2) water treated by this apparatus is decontaminated and disinfected.

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
• C02F 1/461 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis

Abstract

The merits of the present invention is production of commercially utilizable three- dimensional articles with nanocrystalline composite structure from a material based on Al2O3 - ZrO2 - SiO2. The nanocrystalline composite material contains 45 - 58 wt.% Al2O3, 28 - 38 wt.% ZrO2, 9 - 25 wt.% SiO2, its total porosity is below 5% and contains two levels of internal structure. At the micrometer level, the material is made up from mutually overlapping, thin and wavy discs (called splats) with thickness of up to 3 &mgr;m. The splats are formed by thermal spraying process and their respective chemical composition varies slightly. Inside of each splat, nanometer sized crystallites are found with average sizes ranging from 8 to 25 run and narrow size distribution. The nanometer sized crystallites are solely of one phase, which is the solid solution of tetragonal ZrO2 with Al2O3 and SiO2. The method producing the above material is as follows. Material containing Al2O3, ZrO2, and SiO2, is melted in arc furnace, the melt is casted, cooled, and crushed into powder with particle size below 120 &mgr;m. A coating is produced by thermal spraying of the powder onto a model preheated to 100-400 °C. The amorphous coating is removed during cooling and the temperature of crystallization in solid state (Tk) is determined by differential thermal analysis of the coating sample. The coating is then heated at a minimum heating rate of 5 K/s to a temperature from Tk -10 °C to Tk +80 °C, and after a dwell time of up to 60 minutes cooled at a minimum cooling rate of 5 K/s to the room temperature.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 35/05 - Refractories by fusion casting
• C04B 35/10 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on aluminium oxide
• C04B 35/109 - Refractories by fusion casting containing zirconium oxide or zircon (ZrSiO4)
• C04B 35/622 - Forming processesProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of decreasing emissions in combustion/gasification systems in combination with utilization of fossil fuel and/or waste fuel, the method comprising the steps of i) causing the combustion of a main fuel in a combustion system, thereby resulting in the generation of a combustion gas, the combustion gas comprising nitrogen oxides, it) gasifying the waste material with a liquid and/or liquid/gas stabilized plasma torch causing the generation of a syngas and iii) injecting the syngas into the combustion zone of the combustion system to create a reaction zone in which emissions are reduced by introducing the syngas into the post combustion zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• F23G 5/027 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying
• F23G 5/08 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including supplementary heating
• F23G 5/16 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber