A method for producing high-purity silicon carbide powder includes filling starch-based packing chips or expanded starch as organic raw material into a container open at the top; introducing the container filled with the raw material into a furnace and heating the packing chips, or the expanded starch, gradually to a temperature of 2,000° C. whilst feeding inert gas or under vacuum to graphitize the packing chips or the expanded starch into porous graphite pieces; feeding halogen gas, such as chlorine or fluorine, into the furnace to purify the porous graphite pieces at a temperature of >1,800° C. to remove foreign metals from the porous graphite pieces by forming metal chloride, and converting the porous graphite pieces into powdered silicon carbide by feeding SiO with argon as carrier gas at a temperature of >1,200° C. at a pressure of 30 mbar or higher.
A method for producing porous carbon or includes filling pulverised dry or dried wheat or rice starch into a mould/a container (1) as a compact mass (2); compressing/compacting the mass (2) in the mould/the container (1); initiating a shrinkage process by heating the mass (2) in the filled mould/container (1) in a kiln to a first temperature level of 170° C.-450° C. in an oxidising or inert atmosphere; stabilising the heated mass (2) over an extended period of time, then slowly heating the mass (2) further in the kiln in a heating ramp for carbonisation at a second temperature level to >1,000° C. or, for graphitisation, to >2,500° C. under shielding gas to form the most compact blank (5) possible; and removing the compact blank (5) from the mould/the container.
C04B 35/565 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbides based on silicon carbide
3.
Method for producing carbonized or graphitized molding parts
A method for producing carbonized or graphitized molding parts is particularly simple to implement and also allows producing complex molding parts without mechanical post-processing. This is achieved by the production of a pourable liquid polymer mixture which is as homogenized as possible, consisting of a carbon granulate, pitch, soot or graphite powder and polyacrylnitrile dissolved in a solvent, filling the liquid polymer mixture into a casting mold and immersing the filled casting mold in water over a predetermined period of time until the polymer mixture is sufficiently cured and dimensionally stable, and subsequent breaking of the casting mold and stabilizing the prefabricated cured molding part by uniform heating up in a furnace in air at a predefined temperature for stabilizing and degassing volatile constituents, and performing a high-temperature treatment for carbonizing or graphitizing the molding part in a furnace under protective gas.
C04B 35/532 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
C04B 35/626 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches
A process for 3D printing articles made of carbon or graphite includes producing a flowable polymeric mixture from a UV permeable and polymerizable polymer or cellulose and a UV crosslinkable resin, admixing the polymeric mixture with sugar and/or cellulose until the mixture has a consistency such that it can be filled into a 3D printer and processed thereby, homogenizing the mixture at room temperature or elevated temperature, filling a 3D printer with the mixture, layerwise printing a shaped article with simultaneous exposure to UV radiation for layerwise crosslinking of the UV crosslinkable resin, cleaning the shaped article, introducing the UV precured shaped article into a furnace and stabilizing the UV precured shaped article in air at a predetermined stabilizing temperature until all volatile constituents have outgassed from the prefabricated shaped article and subsequently high temperature treating the shaped article for carbonization or graphitization in a furnace under protective gas.
C04B 35/524 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from polymer precursors, e.g. glass-like carbon material
B29C 64/124 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
The invention relates to a method for producing graphitised formed parts by means of 3D printing from conventional filaments made of a plastic. The invention intends to provide a simplified method for producing graphitised 3D formed parts, or another three-dimensional structure made of a thermoplastic material by means of 3D printing. This is achieved by melting a filament made of a meltable and curable plastic and applying same layer by layer by means of the 3D printer until the desired structure has been created, stabilising the 3D structure (1) printed from the material of the filament by way of temperature treatment to chemically or crystallographically change the plastic in that pre-stabilisation at ᷉180 °C is carried out over a longer period, followed by a stabilisation step at ᷉250 °C until the printed 3D structure (1) is sufficiently dimensionally stable as a stabilised structure (8) and a carbonising or graphitising of the 3D structure, to produce the graphitised structure (9).
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
C04B 35/00 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
6.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING CARBON FOAM PANELS
The invention relates to a method for producing carbon foam panels from starch for use as an insulating material or filter. The aim of the invention is to provide a method for producing fine-pore carbon foam panels with a mainly homogeneous structure. This is achieved by sprinkling at least one maximally thin layer of foamable starch powder onto a temperature-resistant panel-type support, inserting the support coated with starch powder into a furnace, introducing air, argon or nitrogen into the furnace until an internal pressure of ᷉720 mbar to ᷉1000 mbar is established, heating the furnace to a foaming temperature of 180°C to 450°C to foam the starch powder, and maintaining the temperature over an extended period of up to 10 hours to stabilise the foamed starch to form a foam panel.
C04B 35/52 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite
C04B 35/524 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from polymer precursors, e.g. glass-like carbon material
7.
Method and apparatus for producing carbon foam boards
A method for producing carbon foam boards from starch for use as an insulation material or a filter is disclosed. The method is suitable for producing fine-pored carbon foam boards having a mainly homogeneous structure. This is achieved by sprinkling at least one very thin layer of foamable starch powder onto a temperature-resistant boardlike substrate, introducing the starch-powder-coated substrate into a furnace, introducing air, argon or nitrogen into the furnace until an internal pressure of ≈720 mbar to ≈1000 mbar has been established, heating the furnace to a foaming temperature of 180° C.-450° C. to foam the starch powder, maintaining the temperature over a prolonged duration of up to 10 hours to stabilize the foamed starch into a foam board.
C04B 35/52 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite
C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone
8.
Method for water-efficient production of graphite from paper
A method for water-efficient production of graphite of low density from paper includes steeping paper in a vessel in dimethyl sulfoxide to generate paper fibers, admixing polyacrylonitrile to the dissolved the paper fibers with stirring until formation of a paste or a mixture with pastelike consistency, introducing the paste into a mold and subsequently forcing excess liquid from the paste by pressing, to form a presscake, immersing the presscake subsequently in water for curing the polyacrylonitrile for a specified time, until polymerization of the polyacrylonitrile and formation of a cured presscake, initially drying the cured presscake in air at relatively high temperature up to 100° C., heating up the cured presscake for stabilization in air up to 250° C. to remove the residual moisture, and carbonizing the cured and dried presscake in an oven at >1000° C. and then graphitizing it at >2000° C. to give a low-density graphite block.
The invention relates to a method for the low-water production of graphite of high density from paper, preferably waste paper, for use as insulation material. The invention intends to create a cost-effective, simple and sustainable method for the production of graphite of low density from paper, preferably waste paper. This is achieved in that paper/waste paper, paper shreds or paper strips are soaked in dimethyl sulfoxide in a container to create paper fibres, polyacrylonitrile is added to the dissolved paper fibres and stirred until a paste or a mixture with a paste-like consistency is produced, the paste is introduced into a mould and then surplus liquid is pressed out of the paste by means of compression such that a pressed product is produced, the pressed product is then immersed in water to cure the polyacrylonitrile over a predefined period until the polyacrylonitrile has been polymerised and a cured pressed product is produced, the cured pressed product is pre-dried in air at a higher temperature of up to 100°C, the cured pressed product is heated in air to up to 250°C for stabilisation in order to remove the residual moisture, and the cured and dried pressed product is carbonised in a furnace at > 1,000°C and then graphitised at > 2,000°C to form a graphite block of low density.
The invention relates to a method for producing graphite from paper for use as a filter or construction material. The aim of the invention is to provide a cost-effective, simple and sustainable method for producing graphite. The aim is achieved in that paper/wastepaper, paper shreds or paper strips are soaked in water in a suitable container for several hours; in that the soaked paper is mixed and comminuted using a suitable device until a paste or a mixture having a paste-like consistency forms, wherein sugar or starch is added to the paste as a binder; in that the paste is inserted into a suitable mold, and the water is subsequently pressed out of the paste by pressing or in that the paste is isostatically pressed, so that a pressed product is formed; and in that the dewatered pressed product is removed from the mold and carbonized in a furnace at > 1000°C and then graphitized at > 2000°C (at most up to 3000°C).
The invention relates to a method for producing graphite for use as a high-temperature insulation material or as a filter in the form of cubes, sheets or other components. The aim is to create a low-cost method for producing graphite in which particularly favourable and renewable raw materials as well as waste paper can be used as starting materials. Said aim is achieved by: producing a base material in the form of a mixture of carbon-based materials containing, in any mixing ratio, at least one raw material selected from foliage, moss or similar materials, such as grass, corn leaves or even sawdust, waste paper or natural fibres; soaking the mixture in a solvent over an extended period of time and comminuting it; adding a binder to the mixture until a largely homogeneous paste-like mixture is obtained; largely removing the solvent by pressing the mixture until a sufficiently stable and low-solvent pressed article is obtained; drying the pressed article until the remaining solvent has evaporated; and graphitising the pressed article to produce a block in a high-temperature furnace in an oxygen-free atmosphere, under inert gas, or in a vacuum at a temperature of > 2,000°C.
The invention relates to a method for producing high-purity silicon carbide powder by means of which economical production of high-purity silicon carbide powder is made possible. This is achieved by filling starch-based packing chips or expanded starch as organic raw material into a container open at the top; introducing the container filled with the raw material into a furnace and heating the packing chips, or the expanded starch, gradually to a temperature of 2,000 °C whilst feeding inert gas or under vacuum to graphitise the packing chips or the expanded starch into porous graphite pieces; feeding halogen gas, such as chlorine or fluorine, into the furnace to purify the porous graphite pieces at a temperature of > 1,800 °C to remove foreign metals from the porous graphite pieces by forming metal chloride, and converting the porous graphite pieces into powdered silicon carbide by feeding SiO with argon as carrier gas at a temperature of > 1,200 °C at a pressure of 30 mbar or higher.
The invention relates to a method for producing porous carbon or graphite. The aim of the invention is to create an easily implemented method for economically producing porous carbon or graphite from renewable raw materials, said method allowing mechanical post-processing for the production of any moulded parts for use as construction elements, moulds, or containers. This aim is achieved by filling pulverised dry or dried wheat or rice starch into a mould/a container (1) as a compact mass (2); compressing/compacting the mass (2) in the mould/the container (1); initiating a shrinkage process by heating the mass (2) in the filled mould/container (1) in a kiln to a first temperature level of 170 °C – 450 °C in an oxidising or inert atmosphere; stabilising the heated mass (2) over an extended period of time, then slowly heating the mass (2) further in the kiln in a heating ramp for carbonisation at a second temperature level to > 1,000 °C or, for graphitisation, to > 2,500 °C under shielding gas to form the most compact blank (5) possible; and removing the compact blank (5) from the mould/the container.
The invention relates to a method for producing carbonised or graphitised 3D objects which aims to realise such 3D objects particularly simply, and by means of which more complex 3D objects can also be produced without faults in the structure. This is achieved by mixing a carbonisable or graphitisable material with a free-flowing organic adhesive or a free-flowing thermoplastic organic substance to produce a kneadable, largely dimensionally stable compound and shaping the compound into a 3D blank, and by a subsequent drying and degassing process at an increased temperature over a predetermined period of time and subsequent carbonising or graphitising of the 3D blank in a furnace in a protective gas atmosphere to produce a 3D object, the temperature necessary for carbonising or graphitising being approached with a low heating gradient.
C04B 35/52 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite
B28B 1/00 - Producing shaped articles from the material
C04B 35/532 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
C04B 35/56 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbides
C04B 35/573 - Fine ceramics obtained by reaction sintering
C04B 35/65 - Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions
The invention relates to a process for simple production of moulded articles from carbon or graphite by 3D printing. This is achieved by producing a free-flowing polymer mixture from a UV-transparent and polymerizable polymer or cellulose and a UV-crosslinkable resin, and wherein sugar and/or cellulose is mixed into the polymeric mixture until the mixture has such a consistency that it can be introduced into and processed by a 3D printer, and homogenizing the mixture at room temperature, or elevated temperature up to about 60°C, filling a 3D printer with the mixture, and layer-by-layer printing of a moulded article with the 3D printer under the simultaneous action of UV radiation for layer-by-layer crosslinking of the UV-crosslinkable resin, cleaning the moulded article, introducing the UV-precured moulded article into an oven and stabilizing the UV-precured moulded article in air at a defined stabilization temperature until all the volatile constituents have outgassed from the prefabricated moulded article, followed by high-temperature treatment of the moulded article for carbonization or graphitization in an oven under protective gas.
B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
B33Y 70/10 - Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
C04B 35/52 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite
C04B 35/524 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from polymer precursors, e.g. glass-like carbon material
C04B 35/573 - Fine ceramics obtained by reaction sintering
C04B 35/626 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches
C04B 35/636 - Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
B29C 64/124 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
16.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBONIZED OR GRAPHITIZED MOLDING PARTS
The invention relates to a method for producing carbonized or graphitized molding parts. The aim of the invention is to provide a method for producing carbonized or graphitized molding parts, which is particularly simple to implement and also allows producing complex molding parts without mechanical post-processing. This aim is achieved by the production of a pourable liquid polymer mixture which is as homogenized as possible, consisting of a carbon granulate, pitch, soot or graphite powder and polyacrylnitrile dissolved in a solvent, filling the liquid polymer mixture into a casting mold and immersing the filled casting mold in water over a predetermined period of time until the polymer mixture is sufficiently cured and dimensionally stable, and subsequent breaking of the casting mold and stabilizing the prefabricated cured molding part by uniform heating up in a furnace in air at a predefined temperature for stabilizing and degassing volatile constituents, and performing a high-temperature treatment for carbonizing or graphitizing the molding part in a furnace under protective gas.
C04B 35/532 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
C04B 35/573 - Fine ceramics obtained by reaction sintering
C04B 35/626 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches
C04B 35/52 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite
A method for producing carbon or graphite foam parts with high purity level for high-temperature insulation under vacuum or protective gas, as insulating material or as filter material, includes the following steps: introducing dry, foamable starch (1) into an open-top container (2) having a round or angular cross section, until the base (3) of the container (2) is covered amply and uniformly with starch (1); introducing the container (2) partly filled with starch (1) into an oven (4), and heating the container (2) to a foaming temperature of >180° C. over a prolonged period of several hours to foam the starch (1), until the container (2) has filled completely with carbon foam (6); withdrawing the container (2) from the oven (4) and extracting the carbon foam (6) after sufficient cooling, and optionally portioning the carbon foam (6) into carbon foam parts (6.1).
C08J 9/12 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
C08J 9/28 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
A plasma boat for receiving wafers with partial damping of the plasma deposition comprises a number of boat plates spaced apart in parallel, which are provided with wafer holders for receiving upright wafers, in order to securely hold the wafers during transport and during the depositing process in a coating chamber, and wherein the boat plates are mechanically connected to one another by electrically insulating spacers. This provides a plasma boat, with regulated plasma deposition, which ensures a deposition on wafers that is uniform over the surface area thereof and has a constant layer thickness. This is achieved by a damping element (12) being respectively arranged between the wafer holders (16) located parallel to one another, between adjacent boat plates (15), and electrically insulated with respect to the latter on spacer elements (2).
C23C 16/458 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for supporting substrates in the reaction chamber
H01L 21/673 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereofApparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components using specially adapted carriers
C23C 16/50 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
19.
PLASMA BOAT FOR RECEIVING WAFERS WITH REGULATED PLASMA DEPOSITION
The invention relates to a plasma boat for receiving wafers with partial damping of the plasma deposition, consisting of a number of boat plates spaced apart in parallel, which are provided with wafer holders for receiving upright wafers, in order to securely hold the wafers during transport and during the depositing process in a coating chamber, and wherein the boat plates are mechanically connected to one another by electrically insulating spacers. The invention is intended to provide a plasma boat, with regulated plasma deposition, which ensures a deposition on wafers that is uniform over the surface area thereof and has a constant layer thickness. This is achieved by a damping element (12) being respectively arranged between the wafer holders (16) located parallel to one another, between adjacent boat plates (15), and electrically insulated with respect to the latter on spacer elements (2).
C23C 16/458 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for supporting substrates in the reaction chamber
C23C 16/50 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
H01L 21/673 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereofApparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components using specially adapted carriers
patents
