Abstract

The present invention is concerned with a method of producing a composition comprising cyanoguanidine, the method comprising (a) using a source of energy to react a metal oxide with a source of carbon to produce a finely divided metal carbide at an elevated temperature and immediately reacting the hot finely divided metal carbide with nitrogen gas to form a metal cyanamide. In embodiments the method comprises the step of (b) reacting the metal cyanamide, together with any unreacted metal carbide, with water to decompose the metal carbide into acetylene and acetylene-related compounds and metal hydroxide. Furthermore, energy can be derived from the reaction by (c) combusting the acetylene and acetylene- related compounds to release energy. Furthermore metal hydroxide can be recovered from the process by (d) separating the metal cyanamide and the metal hydroxide for recycling in the production process. The cyanoguanidine can then be used, for example, as a fertilizer.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01C 3/16 - CyanamideSalts thereof
• C01C 3/18 - Calcium cyanamide

Abstract

The present invention is concerned with a method of generating energy from water and a composition comprising cyanoguanidine, the method comprising (a) reacting the composition with water to form ammonia and (b) oxidizing the ammonia formed in step (a) to form water and nitrogen thereby generating energy or (b') converting the ammonia formed in step (a) into nitrogen and hydrogen; and oxidising the said hydrogen to form water thereby generating energy. Thus, cyanoguanidine can be used as a transportation fuel (e.g. for cars, trucks and marine vehicles). Particularly effective conversion of cyanoguanidine to ammonia can be achieved when step (a) occurs in the presence of a catalyst comprising vanadium and zinc, particularly when the vanadium is vanadium pentoxide and the zinc is metallic zinc. The ammonia can be combusted in internal combustion engine or an external combustion engine. The ammonia can also be oxidised in an ammonia fuel cell.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01C 3/16 - CyanamideSalts thereof
• C01C 3/18 - Calcium cyanamide

Abstract

A method of making a fuel comprising a nitrogen-based compound, said method comprises the steps of: (a) producing hydrogen and metal hydroxide by electrolysis of an aqueous solution containing a metal chloride wherein said solution comprises components selected from the group consisting of water, NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2, sea water, salt well brine, calcium chloride, and a combination thereof; (b) exposing the metal hydroxide obtained by the electrolysis to an atmospheric fluid flow to sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produce at least one of metal carbonate and metal bicarbonate; and (c) reacting nitrogen with the hydrogen produced from the electrolysis to form ammonia. The invention also provides for uses of the by-products of the electrolysis which include chlorine or hydrochloric acid or hypochlorous acid, and metal hydroxides.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01D 7/07 - Preparation from the hydroxides
• C01F 5/24 - Magnesium carbonates
• C01F 11/18 - Carbonates
• C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
• C01C 1/04 - Preparation of ammonia by synthesis

Abstract

A carbon dioxide sequestering, fuel synthesis system comprises an electrolyzer to electrolyze saltwater for producing hydrogen and metal hydroxide. The hydroxide solution obtained by the electrolysis is passed to an osmotic exchanger, for flow within channels defined by gas permeable walls of the osmotic exchanger. External surfaces of the permeable walls are exposed to atmosphere fluid flow, wherein carbon dioxide of the atmosphere permeates the permeable walls for sequestering via reaction with the metal hydroxide.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 3/04 - Electrolytic production of organic compounds by reduction