Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH

Austria

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New (last 4 weeks) 1
2025 September 1
2025 July 1
2025 (YTD) 6
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IPC Class
G11B 7/0045 - Recording 5
G02B 21/36 - Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes 3
G06K 19/06 - Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code 3
G06K 7/14 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light 3
B41M 5/00 - Duplicating or marking methodsSheet materials for use therein 2
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NICE Class
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments 9
41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services 9
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design 9
16 - Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials 4
20 - Furniture and decorative products 3
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Status
Pending 7
Registered / In Force 18

1.

cerabyte

      
Application Number 1876267
Status Registered
Filing Date 2025-07-14
Registration Date 2025-07-14
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
NICE Classes  ?
  • 09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
  • 20 - Furniture and decorative products
  • 41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
  • 42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design

Goods & Services

Data carriers made from glass, machine readable; data carriers made from ceramics, machine readable; machine readable information carriers, namely blank optical data carriers; microfilm readers; microfilm viewer in the nature of a microfilm reader; exposed sensitized microfilm; photosensitive microfilm, namely, exposed sensitized microfilm; blank analogue recording media, namely, blank hard drives for computers made from ceramic and glass; downloadable computer software applications for information recovery. Containers made of plastic, boxes made of plastic. Archive library services; electronic library services for the provision of electronic information [including archive information] in the form of text, audio and/or video information; archive library services of literature and documentary records; electronic library services featuring electronic and archive information in the form of text, audio and video information, namely, lending library services for lending multimedia materials. Electronic storage services for archiving electronic data; electronic storage services for archiving databases; electronic storage of documents and archived e-mails; electronic storage services for archiving databases, images and other electronic data.

2.

CERABYTE

      
Serial Number 79432797
Status Pending
Filing Date 2025-07-14
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
NICE Classes  ?
  • 09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
  • 20 - Furniture and decorative products
  • 41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
  • 42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design

Goods & Services

Data carriers made from glass, machine readable; data carriers made from ceramics, machine readable; machine readable information carriers, namely blank optical data carriers; microfilm readers; microfilm viewer in the nature of a microfilm reader; exposed sensitized microfilm; photosensitive microfilm, namely, exposed sensitized microfilm; blank analogue recording media, namely, blank hard drives for computers made from ceramic and glass; downloadable computer software applications for information recovery. Containers made of plastic, boxes made of plastic. Archive library services; electronic library services for the provision of electronic information [including archive information] in the form of text, audio and/or video information; archive library services of literature and documentary records; electronic library services featuring electronic and archive information in the form of text, audio and video information, namely, lending library services for lending multimedia materials. Electronic storage services for archiving electronic data; electronic storage services for archiving databases; electronic storage of documents and archived e-mails; electronic storage services for archiving databases, images and other electronic data.

3.

Hybrid Digital and Analog Data Storage

      
Application Number 18991290
Status Pending
Filing Date 2024-12-20
First Publication Date 2025-04-17
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor
  • Kunze, Martin
  • Pflaum, Christian

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of concurrently storing visible grey scale or color information of an image and additional digital information on a data carrier.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G11B 7/09 - Disposition or mounting of heads or light sources relatively to record carriers with provision for moving the light beam or focus plane for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the light beam relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
  • G11B 7/0045 - Recording
  • G11B 7/127 - LasersMultiple laser arrays

4.

Compact Writing and Reading Head for Data Recording on Ceramic Material

      
Application Number 18716044
Status Pending
Filing Date 2022-02-07
First Publication Date 2025-01-23
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor Pflaum, Christian

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for recording data in a layer of a ceramic material and to a device for recording and reading data in a layer of a ceramic material.

IPC Classes  ?

  • B41M 5/00 - Duplicating or marking methodsSheet materials for use therein
  • B23K 26/06 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
  • B41J 2/455 - Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using arrays of radiation sources using laser arrays
  • B41M 5/24 - Ablative recording, e.g. by burning marksSpark recording
  • G02B 26/08 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light

5.

Ultra-Thin Data Carrier and Method of Read-Out

      
Application Number 18712009
Status Pending
Filing Date 2022-12-09
First Publication Date 2025-01-16
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor
  • Pflaum, Christian
  • Kunze, Martin

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ultra-thin plastics data carrier for long-term data conservation and to a method of reading out such a data carrier.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G06K 19/06 - Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code

6.

cerabyte

      
Application Number 019131829
Status Registered
Filing Date 2025-01-16
Registration Date 2025-06-05
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
NICE Classes  ?
  • 09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
  • 20 - Furniture and decorative products
  • 41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
  • 42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design

Goods & Services

data carriers made from glass, machine readable; data carriers made from ceramics, machine readable; machine readable information carriers, namely blank optical data carriers; Microfilm readers; microfilm viewer in the nature of a microfilm reader; exposed sensitized microfilm; photosensitive microfilm, namely, exposed sensitized microfilm; blank analogue recording media, namely, blank hard drives for computers made from ceramic and glass; downloadable computer software applications for information recovery. Containers made of plastic, boxes made of plastic. Archive library services; electronic library services for the provision of electronic information [including archive information] in the form of text, audio and/or video information; Archive library services of literature and documentary records; electronic library services featuring electronic and archive information in the form of text, audio and video information, namely, lending library services for lending multimedia materials. Electronic storage services for archiving electronic data; electronic storage services for archiving databases; electronic storage of documents and archived e-mails; electronic storage services for archiving databases, images and other electronic data.

7.

Hybrid digital and analog data storage

      
Application Number 18557804
Grant Number 12198744
Status In Force
Filing Date 2021-04-29
First Publication Date 2024-08-08
Grant Date 2025-01-14
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor
  • Kunze, Martin
  • Pflaum, Christian

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of concurrently storing visible grey scale or color information of an image and additional digital information on a data carrier.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G11B 7/09 - Disposition or mounting of heads or light sources relatively to record carriers with provision for moving the light beam or focus plane for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the light beam relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
  • G11B 7/0045 - Recording
  • G11B 7/127 - LasersMultiple laser arrays

8.

High-speed reading by combining transmissive wide angle view with reflective focus view

      
Application Number 18558510
Grant Number 12197995
Status In Force
Filing Date 2022-05-11
First Publication Date 2024-07-18
Grant Date 2025-01-14
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor Pflaum, Christian

Abstract

The present invention relates to methods and devices for high-speed reading out information from an at least partially transparent data carrier.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
  • G02B 21/00 - Microscopes
  • G02B 21/08 - Condensers
  • G02B 21/18 - Arrangements with more than one light-path, e.g. for comparing two specimens
  • G02B 21/36 - Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes
  • G06K 7/14 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light

9.

Increased storage capacity for a method for long-term storage of information and storage medium therefor

      
Application Number 18436872
Grant Number 12322426
Status In Force
Filing Date 2024-02-08
First Publication Date 2024-07-18
Grant Date 2025-06-03
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor
  • Pflaum, Christian
  • Kunze, Martin

Abstract

The present invention relates to an information storage medium and a method for long-term storage of information.

IPC Classes  ?

  • H04L 47/28 - Flow controlCongestion control in relation to timing considerations
  • G11B 7/24 - Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
  • H04L 41/083 - Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability for increasing network speed
  • H04L 43/06 - Generation of reports
  • H04L 43/0852 - Delays
  • H04L 43/10 - Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
  • H04L 43/16 - Threshold monitoring
  • H04L 47/283 - Flow controlCongestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
  • H04L 47/32 - Flow controlCongestion control by discarding or delaying data units, e.g. packets or frames

10.

Information storage method and information storage medium with increased storage density by multi-bit coding

      
Application Number 18529905
Grant Number 12293245
Status In Force
Filing Date 2023-12-05
First Publication Date 2024-04-11
Grant Date 2025-05-06
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor
  • Pflaum, Christian
  • Kunze, Martin

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for storage of information and to an information storage medium with increased storage density by multi-bit coding.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G06K 19/06 - Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code

11.

Data Recording on Ceramic Material

      
Application Number 18490497
Status Pending
Filing Date 2023-10-19
First Publication Date 2024-02-29
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor Pflaum, Christian

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for recording data in a layer of a ceramic material and to a device for recording data in a layer of a ceramic material.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G11B 7/243 - Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising inorganic materials only, e.g. ablative layers
  • G11B 7/0045 - Recording
  • G11B 7/126 - Circuits, methods or arrangements for laser control or stabilisation
  • G11B 7/253 - Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material of layers other than recording layers of substrates

12.

Ultra-Thin Data Carrier and Method of Read-Out

      
Application Number 18264732
Status Pending
Filing Date 2022-02-03
First Publication Date 2024-02-15
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor
  • Kunze, Martin
  • Pflaum, Christian

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ultra-thin data carrier for long-term data conservation and to a method of reading out such a data carrier.

IPC Classes  ?

13.

High-Speed Data Recording and Reading

      
Application Number 18007284
Status Pending
Filing Date 2020-08-14
First Publication Date 2023-09-14
Owner CERAMIC DATA SOLUTIONS GMBH (Austria)
Inventor Pflaum, Christian

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of high-speed recording and reading data on or in a layer (10) of a first material and to a device for high-speed recording and reading data on or in a layer (10) of a first material using a laser source (19, a galvanometer (4) and a digital micromirror (5) adapted to emit multiple laser beams.

IPC Classes  ?

  • B23K 26/359 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by providing a line or line pattern, e.g. a dotted break initiation line
  • B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
  • B23K 26/082 - Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
  • B23K 26/03 - Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
  • B41M 5/00 - Duplicating or marking methodsSheet materials for use therein
  • B41M 5/26 - Thermography

14.

Increased storage capacity for a method for long-term storage of information and storage medium therefor

      
Application Number 18003959
Grant Number 11935572
Status In Force
Filing Date 2020-07-03
First Publication Date 2023-08-17
Grant Date 2024-03-19
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor
  • Pflaum, Christian
  • Kunze, Martin

Abstract

The present invention relates to an information storage medium and a method for long-term storage of information.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G11B 7/24 - Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material

15.

Data carrier, reading method and system utilizing super resolution techniques

      
Application Number 18183009
Grant Number 11797801
Status In Force
Filing Date 2023-03-13
First Publication Date 2023-07-06
Grant Date 2023-10-24
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor
  • Kunze, Martin
  • Pflaum, Christian

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of reading out information from a data carrier and to a data carrier utilizing the concept of structured-illumination microscopy or saturated structured-illumination microscopy.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G06K 7/14 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light
  • G02B 21/16 - Microscopes adapted for ultraviolet illumination
  • G02B 21/36 - Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes
  • G02B 27/58 - Optics for apodization or superresolutionOptical synthetic aperture systems
  • G01N 21/64 - FluorescencePhosphorescence
  • G02B 21/00 - Microscopes
  • G02B 21/34 - Microscope slides, e.g. mounting specimens on microscope slides

16.

Information storage method and information storage medium with increased storage density by multi-bit coding

      
Application Number 18003962
Grant Number 11875207
Status In Force
Filing Date 2021-02-17
First Publication Date 2023-06-08
Grant Date 2024-01-16
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor
  • Pflaum, Christian
  • Kunze, Martin

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for storage of information and to an information storage medium with increased storage density by multi-bit coding.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G06K 19/06 - Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code

17.

CeraByte

      
Application Number 225469000
Status Registered
Filing Date 2023-04-11
Registration Date 2025-03-05
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
NICE Classes  ?
  • 09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
  • 16 - Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials
  • 41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
  • 42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design

Goods & Services

(1) Microfilm readers; microfilm viewer; exposed sensitized microfilm; photosensitive microfilm, exposed; blank analogue recording media, such as, data storage devices being sheets and cartridges composed of glass and ceramic upon which data patterns can be written using lasers; computer software applications (downloadable) for information recovery; machine-readable information carriers, such as, blank optical data carriers being sheets composed of glass and ceramic upon which data patterns can be written using lasers. (2) Archive boxes made of paper or cardboard. (1) Archive library services; electronic library services for the provision of electronic information [including archive information] in the form of text, audio and/or video information. (2) Electronic storage services for archiving electronic data, such as, electronic data storage services for archiving business, corporate and personal records and documents; electronic storage services for archiving databases, such as, electronic data storage services for archiving databases of business, corporate and personal records and documents; electronic storage of business documents, corporate documents, personal documents and archived e-mails; electronic storage services for archiving databases, images and other electronic data, such as, electronic data storage services for archiving business, corporate and personal records and documents.

18.

CeraByte

      
Application Number 1722143
Status Registered
Filing Date 2022-12-28
Registration Date 2022-12-28
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
NICE Classes  ?
  • 09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
  • 16 - Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials
  • 41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
  • 42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design

Goods & Services

Microfilm readers; microfilm viewer; microfilm [exposed]; photosensitive microfilm, exposed; blank analogue recording media; computer software applications (downloadable) for information recovery; machine-readable information carriers. Archive boxes made of paper or cardboard. Archive library services; electronic library services for the provision of electronic information [including archive information] in the form of text, audio and/or video information. Electronic storage services for archiving electronic data; electronic storage services for archiving databases; electronic storage of documents and archived e-mails; electronic storage services for archiving databases, images and other electronic data.

19.

Data carrier, reading method and system utilizing super resolution techniques

      
Application Number 17938171
Grant Number 11630970
Status In Force
Filing Date 2022-10-05
First Publication Date 2023-01-26
Grant Date 2023-04-18
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor
  • Kunze, Martin
  • Pflaum, Christian

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of reading out information from a data carrier and to a data carrier utilizing the concept of structured-illumination microscopy or saturated structured-illumination microscopy.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G06K 7/14 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light
  • G02B 21/16 - Microscopes adapted for ultraviolet illumination
  • G02B 21/36 - Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes
  • G02B 27/58 - Optics for apodization or superresolutionOptical synthetic aperture systems

20.

Data recording on ceramic material

      
Application Number 17936628
Grant Number 11798590
Status In Force
Filing Date 2022-09-29
First Publication Date 2023-01-26
Grant Date 2023-10-24
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor Pflaum, Christian

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for recording data in a layer of a ceramic material and to a device for recording data in a layer of a ceramic material.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G11B 7/0045 - Recording
  • G11B 7/243 - Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising inorganic materials only, e.g. ablative layers
  • G11B 7/126 - Circuits, methods or arrangements for laser control or stabilisation
  • G11B 7/253 - Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material of layers other than recording layers of substrates

21.

CERABYTE

      
Serial Number 79366597
Status Registered
Filing Date 2022-12-28
Registration Date 2025-01-07
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
NICE Classes  ?
  • 09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
  • 16 - Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials
  • 41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
  • 42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design

Goods & Services

Microfilm readers; microfilm viewer in the nature of a microfilm reader; exposed sensitized microfilm; photosensitive microfilm, namely, exposed sensitized microfilm; blank analogue recording media, namely, blank hard drives for computers made from ceramic and glass; downloadable computer software applications for information recovery; machine-readable information carriers, namely, blank optical data carriers Archive boxes made of paper or cardboard Archive library services of literature and documentary records; electronic library services featuring electronic and archive information in the form of text, audio and video information, namely, lending library services for lending multimedia materials Electronic storage services for archiving electronic data; electronic storage services for archiving databases; electronic storage of documents and archived e-mails; electronic storage services for archiving databases, images and other electronic data

22.

CeraByte

      
Application Number 018808264
Status Registered
Filing Date 2022-12-14
Registration Date 2023-04-13
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
NICE Classes  ?
  • 09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
  • 16 - Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials
  • 41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
  • 42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design

Goods & Services

Microfilm readers; Microfilm readers; Microfilm [exposed]; Sensitized microfilms, exposed; Blank analogue recording media; Information retrieval applications; Machine readable information carriers. Box files. Archive library services; Electronic library services for the supply of electronic information (including archive information) in the form of text, audio and/or video information. Electronic storage services for archiving electronic data; Electronic storage services for archiving databases; Electronic storage of documents and archived e-mails; Electronic storage services for archiving databases, images and other electronic data.

23.

Method for long-term storage of information and storage medium therefor

      
Application Number 17234178
Grant Number 12070818
Status In Force
Filing Date 2021-04-19
First Publication Date 2021-08-19
Grant Date 2024-08-27
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
Inventor
  • Kunze, Martin
  • Pflaum, Christian

Abstract

The present invention relates to an information storage medium and a method for long-term storage of information comprising the steps of: providing a ceramic substrate; coating the ceramic substrate with a layer of a second material different from the material of the ceramic substrate, the layer having a thickness no greater than 10 μm; tempering the coated ceramic substrate to form a writable plate or disc; encoding information on the writable plate or disc by using a laser and/or a focused particle beam to manipulate localized areas of the writable plate or disc.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G11B 5/73 - Base layers
  • B23K 26/352 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
  • B23K 26/362 - Laser etching
  • B23K 26/364 - Laser etching for making a groove or trench, e.g. for scribing a break initiation groove
  • C23C 14/58 - After-treatment
  • C23C 16/48 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating by irradiation, e.g. photolysis, radiolysis, particle radiation
  • C23C 16/56 - After-treatment

24.

MOM

      
Application Number 1539810
Status Registered
Filing Date 2019-11-27
Registration Date 2019-11-27
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
NICE Classes  ?
  • 09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
  • 40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
  • 41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
  • 42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design

Goods & Services

Recorded content; information technology and audio-visual, multimedia and photographic devices; optical devices, enhancers and correctors. Printing, and photographic and cinematographic development; custom manufacture of sintered parts. Education, entertainment and sport services. Information technology [IT] consultancy; scientific and technological services.

25.

MOM MEMORY OF MANKIND

      
Application Number 1538151
Status Registered
Filing Date 2019-11-28
Registration Date 2019-11-28
Owner Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH (Austria)
NICE Classes  ?
  • 09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
  • 40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
  • 41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
  • 42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design

Goods & Services

Recorded content; information technology and audio-visual, multimedia and photographic devices; optical devices, enhancers and correctors. Printing, and photographic and cinematographic development; custom manufacture of sintered parts. Audio, video and multimedia production, and photography; caves for public admission; lending library services; lending library services; conducting guided tours of caves for educational purposes; museum services; organization of shows for cultural purposes; entertainment provided via a global communication network; entertainment, sporting and cultural activities; providing cultural activities; information about entertainment and entertainment events provided via online networks and the Internet. Information technology [IT] consultancy; scientific and technological services.