Abstract

A mobile unit (5) is described for measuring running paths for handling systems, in particular bridge cranes, sliding on a route (2), comprising at least one first measuring means (62) which constitutes a space reference of the mobile unit (5) with respect to at least one fixed measuring unit (3) comprising second measuring means (61), the first measuring means (62) being connected to the mobile unit (5) by interposing at least one handling means adapted to synchronize measuring operations between the first measuring means (62) and the second measuring means (61) of said fixed measuring unit (3). A system for measuring (1) running paths for handling systems through such mobile unit (5) and a process for measuring through such system (1) are further described.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01C 7/04 - Tracing profiles of land surfaces involving a vehicle which moves along the profile to be traced
• B66C 7/08 - Constructional features of runway rails or rail mountings
• B66C 9/16 - Travelling gear incorporated in, or fitted to, trolleys or cranes with means for maintaining alignment between wheels and track
• B66C 15/00 - Safety gear

Abstract

A measuring machine comprising at least one member mobile along an axis, a motor, a transmission system driven by the motor for displacing the mobile member along the axis, and a control system for controlling the motor, wherein a flexible coupling is set between said transmission system, and the mobile member is configured so as to filter the vibrations transmitted by the transmission system to the mobile member in the direction of the axis and to decouple the mobile member from the transmission system in a direction transverse to the axis.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
• G01B 3/00 - Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques

Abstract

A method for compensating measurement errors caused by the deformation of a component defining a slide axis in a measurement machine, comprising the steps of calculating the curvature of the component as a function of the difference between the current temperature Tc and a reference temperature Tr at which the geometric compensation map of the machine has been obtained, calculating correction values for the compensation parameters stored in the compensation map as a function of the curvature, and updating the compensation map with these correction values.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points

Abstract

The invention pertains to a reference positioning system for positioning a workpiece (5) in a three-dimensional coordinate system, the reference positioning system comprising a first positioning unit (1) for positioning a first alignment feature (10) of the workpiece (5) in a first dimension (X), in a second dimension (Y) and in a third dimension (Z), comprising a first centring pin (11) and a first reference level locator (12), a second positioning unit (2) for positioning a second alignment feature (20) of the workpiece (5) in the second dimension (Y) and in the third dimension (Z), comprising a second centring pin (21) and a second reference level locator (22), and a third positioning unit (3) for positioning a third alignment feature (30) of the workpiece (5) in the third dimension (Z), comprising a third reference level locator (32), characterized in that for levelling the first and second alignment features (10, 20) in a reference level the first and second centring pins (11, 21) are movable in the third dimension (Z) in such a way that the reference level is traversable by at least a part of the first and the second centring pin (11, 21). Furthermore, the invention pertains to a method for positioning and orienting a workpiece (5) in a three-dimensional coordinate system by means of said reference positioning system, and to a computer programme product for execution of said method.

IPC Classes  ?

• B62D 65/02 - Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components
• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points

Abstract

A co-ordinate measuring machine comprising a block of concrete with function of foundation or machine bed, and a plurality of linear deformation sensors embedded in the block or applied thereto and configured for detecting the deformations of the block itself for compensating the measuring errors of the machine resulting from said deformations.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
• G01B 5/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points

Abstract

A process for producing a beam element of a co-ordinate measuring machine, comprising the steps of applying a machinable metal coating by spraying on a structural substrate made of ceramic material, impregnating the coating with a resin, and executing on the coating a surface-finishing machining operation and a treatment of surface hardening.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
• G01B 1/00 - Measuring instruments characterised by the selection of material therefor

Abstract

A method of calibration of a mathematical model for the compensation of errors due to dynamic deformation of a measuring machine equipped with a mobile unit able to move a stylus probe in un measuring volume, wherein the model provides, in response to at least one input quantity correlated with a control signal of said drive means, a plurality of output quantities comprising at least one component of the measurement error introduced by the deformation and at least one quantity detected by a laser sensor and correlated with the deformation. In the calibration step, the mobile unit is subjected to a movement cycle constituted by small-amplitude oscillations of variable frequency, following the law of sinusoidal motion, keeping the tip of the probe blocked; during the movement cycle, the input and output quantities are sampled and supplied to an algorithm for model identification.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points

Abstract

A co-ordinate measuring machine comprising a bed provided with a horizontal measuring surface, a unit that is mobile along guides carried by the bed itself, an annular structure extending along a perimetral area of the bed and constrained thereto by statically determinate means of constraint, and a plurality of displacement sensors set between the annular structure and one between the bed and the mobile unit for detecting relative displacements with respect to an initial reference condition.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines

Abstract

c) and a worktable (17) housed within the frame (15); the worktable (17) and the frame (15) are constrained to one another by constraint means (35) that uncouple the deformations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines

Abstract

A measuring machine includes a mobile unit to move a measurement sensor in a measurement volume. The mobile unit includes at least one member mobile along an axis under the thrust of driving means and being subjected to dynamic deformations. A laser sensor is provided with a laser emitter fixed to a first portion of the mobile member and a target fixed to a second portion of the mobile member and designed to receive a laser beam generated by the emitter. Means are provided for compensating for measurement errors of the machine resulting from the dynamic deformations of the mobile unit and in response to displacement of a point of incidence of the laser beam on the target with respect to a reference position in undeformed conditions, the displacement of the point resulting from the relative displacement of the first and second portions of the mobile member.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 11/14 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines

Abstract

A method of compensating the measurement errors of a measuring machine deriving from the deformations of a machine bed of the machine caused by the load exerted by a mobile unit of the machine on said machine bed, said method being characterized by comprising a first acquisition step in which first data regarding the constraint conditions of a workpiece on the machine bed are acquired, a second acquisition step in which second data regarding the deformation of the machine bed as the position of the mobile unit of the machine varies are acquired, and a third calculation step in which correction values depending upon said first and second data are calculated.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01C 17/38 - Testing, calibrating, or compensating of compasses
• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points

Abstract

A method of compensating the measurement errors of a measuring machine (1) deriving from the deformations of a machine bed (2) of the machine (1) caused by a load exerted by a workpiece to be measured on the machine bed (2), characterized by a first acquisition step (15) in which data regarding the weight of the workpiece and the conditions of constraint of the workpiece on the machine bed are acquired by a measurement and control unit (12) of the measuring machine (1) and a second calculation step (16, 17, 18, 19) in which correction values depending upon said data are calculated by said measurement and control unit (12), wherein the first step (15) includes selecting a standard load condition representing the load of the workpiece from among a plurality of standard load conditions; and the second step includes the step of calculating values correlated to the deformation of the machine bed (2) under the load of the workpiece represented by the selected standard load condition as a linear combination of corresponding values resulting from predetermined basic load conditions.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01P 21/00 - Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the other groups of this subclass
• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
• G01B 5/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points

Abstract

A method of aligning arm reference systems of a multiple-arm measuring machine having at least two measuring units, each having a movable arm; the method including the steps of aligning the reference systems of the measuring units when setting up the machine, and periodically updating alignment of the reference systems by detecting, by means of one measuring unit, a reference member carried by another measuring unit and moved successively by the other measuring unit into a number of positions at an intersection of the measuring volumes of the two measuring units.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/004 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points

Abstract

A coordinate measuring machine (1) comprising a base (2) provided with guides (3) parallel to a first axis X, a first mobile carriage (4) on the guides (3) along the axis X and provided with an upright (17), a second carriage (6) carried by the upright (17) and mobile along a second vertical axis Z, and a horizontal arm (7) carried by the second carriage (6) and axially mobile along a third horizontal axis Y perpendicular to the axis X; the first carriage (4) comprises a base (16) provided with a first portion (19, 20) coupled to the guides (3) and a second portion (18) rigidly connected to the upright (17), releasable connection means (27) for reciprocally connecting the first portion (19, 20) and the second portion (18) of the base (16), and articulated connection means (28) between the first portion (19, 20) and the second portion (18) of the base to allow the upright (17) to be tipped when the releasable connection means (27) are released.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines

Abstract

A measuring machine comprising a measuring column, which can move vertically with respect to a carriage, and a device for balancing the weight of the column, which is provided with a pneumatic cylinder having its liner fixed to the column and the stem constrained to a supporting structure, carried by the carriage via an elastic-suspension assembly that enables the stem to follow the liner in the case of adhesion and to return into a position of equilibrium when the elastic reaction of the elastic-suspension assembly overcomes the force of friction between the piston and the liner; stick-slip phenomena are thus neutralized.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines

Abstract

A beam for a measuring machine is constituted by a plurality of extruded beam elements, which are set alongside one another and welded together so that each forms a portion of the cross section of the beam itself; the beam elements and the beam have a hollow section shaped like an equilateral triangle.

IPC Classes  ?

• E04C 3/00 - Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting

Abstract

A co-ordinate measuring machine (1) comprising a machine bed (2) provided with guides along a first axis, and a mobile unit (4) comprising at least one main carriage (5) mobile along the guides (16a, 16b, 16c); the machine bed (2) comprises a closed perimetral metal frame (15) provided with guides (16a, 16b, 16c) and a worktable (17) housed within the frame (15); the worktable (17) and the frame (15) are constrained to one another by constraint means (35) that uncouple the deformations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques

Abstract

A coordinate measuring machine (1) comprising a base (2) provided with guides (3) parallel ● to a first axis X, a first carriage (4) mobile on the guides (3) along the axis X and provided with an upright (17), a second carriage (6) carried by the upright (17) and mobile along a second vertical axis Z, and a horizontal arm (7) carried by the second carriage (6) and mobile along a third horizontal axis Y perpendicular to the axis X; the guides (3) of the first carriage (4) are arranged underneath a top wall (12) of the base (2), which is therefore flat and treadable.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
• G01B 5/02 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width, or thickness

Abstract

A method of aligning arm reference systems of a multiple-arm measuring machine (1) having at least two measuring units (4, 5), each having a movable arm (11, 18); the method including the steps of aligning the reference systems (X, Y, Z; x,y,z) of the measuring units (4, 5) when setting up the machine (1), and periodically updating alignment of the reference systems by detecting, by means of one measuring unit (5), a reference member (25) carried by another measuring unit (4) and moved successively by the other measuring unit into a number of positions at an intersection (I) of the measuring volumes (Ml, M2) of the two measuring units (4, 5).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
• B25J 9/16 - Programme controls

Abstract

A method of compensating the measurement errors of a measuring machine (1) deriving from the deformations of a machine bed (2) of the machine (1) caused by the load exerted by a mobile unit (4) of the machine (1) on the machine bed, comprising a first acquisition-step in which first data regarding the conditions of resting mode of a workpiece (W) on the machine bed (2) are acquired, a second acquisition step in which second data regarding the deformation of the machine bed (2) as the position of the mobile unit (4) of the machine (1) varies are acquired, and a third calculation step in which correction values depending upon said first and second data are calculated.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
• G01B 5/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
• G01B 11/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
• G01B 11/30 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces

Abstract

A method of compensating the measurement errors of a measuring machine (1) that derive from the deformations of the machine bed (2) caused by the load exerted by the workpiece to be measured on the machine bed, comprising a first acquisition step in which data regarding the weight of the workpiece and the modes of resting of the workpiece on the machine bed (2) are acquired, and a second calculation step in which correction values depending upon said data are calculated.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
• G01B 7/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points

Abstract

Disclosed is a method of determining geometric errors in a machine tool or measuring machine having a mobile unit for moving a target within a measuring volume. The method includes the steps of generating a succession of laser beams in different directions by means of an interferometer, and, for each direction, moving the target into a number of points along the beam; measuring, by means of the interferometer, the abscissa of each of the points from an origin located along the direction of the beam; acquiring the coordinates of each of the points by means of the machine; and determining error parameters of the machine on the basis of the abscissas measured by the interferometer, and the coordinates of the points acquired by the machine.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 11/14 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
• G01B 9/02 - Interferometers
• G01D 18/00 - Testing or calibrating apparatus or arrangements provided for in groups
• G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)
• G06F 17/40 - Data acquisition and logging

Abstract

A method for determining dynamic errors in a measuring machine that gives the position (xa, ya, za) of a mobile element of the machine (3) in a working space with respect to a reference system (X, Y, Z), comprising: a calibration step (100), defined in which is at least one input-output model (M1, M2, Mcompl), which describes the dynamic behaviour of at least part of the measuring machine; said input-output model yields, in response to at least one input quantity u (Ix, Iy), a plurality of output quantities y (xa, ya, my, mz, ex, ey), which comprise, among other things, the position error (ex, ey) introduced in the measurement of position by the elastic deformations of parts of the machine (1) that undergo dynamic deformation; a step of definition of an estimator filter (M1) that yields, in response to measured values of input quantities u and, in response to measured values of a subset of the output quantities y, an estimate of the position error (ex, ey); the filter (M1) is obtained by means of an analytical method based upon the input-output model; and a step of continuous real-time reconstruction of the error, in which the measured values of the input quantities u and the measured values of a subset of the output quantities y are applied at input to said estimator filter (M1).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points

Abstract

A measuring machine (1) comprising a mobile unit (7) provided with a plurality of members (8, 10, 12) mobile along co-ordinate axes for moving a measurement sensor (3) in a measurement volume, in which a laser sensor (26) is associated to a mobile member (8) and supplies values correlated with the dynamic deformation of the mobile unit (7); said values are processed for compensating for the measurement errors of the machine (1) following upon the dynamic deformations.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 21/04 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines

Abstract

A measuring machine (1) comprising a measuring column (10), which can move vertically with respect to a carriage (9), and a device (17) for balancing the weight of the column (10), which is provided with a pneumatic cylinder (18) having its liner (19) fixed to the column (10) and the stem (22) constrained to a supporting structure (12), carried by the carriage (9) via an elastic- suspension assembly (37) that enables the stem (22) to follow the liner (19) in the case of adhesion and to return into a position of equilibrium when the elastic reaction of the elastic-suspension assembly (37) overcomes the force of friction between the piston (21) and the liner (19); stick- slip phenomena are thus neutralized.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines

Abstract

A beam (12) for a measuring machine (1) is constituted by a plurality of extruded beam elements (14), which are set alongside one another and welded together so that each forms a portion of the cross section of the beam itself; the beam elements (14) and the beam (12) have a hollow section shaped like an equilateral triangle.

IPC Classes  ?

• E04C 3/06 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web

Abstract

A coordinate measuring machine (1) comprising a base (2) and a plurality of trolleys (3, 4, 5) mobile along coordinated axes on respective guiding surfaces (13, 14; 28, 32, 35, 38) by means of air bearings (20, 21; 27, 30, 34, 37), in which one or more trolleys (3, 4) are actuated by an iron-core linear motor (16, 24) and the attraction force between a stator (15, 25) and a mobile unit (17, 26) of the linear motor (16, 24) exerts a preload force on the air bearings (20, 21; 27, 34).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
• G01B 7/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines

Abstract

A coordinate measuring machine (1) comprising a base (2) provided with guides (3) parallel to a first X axis, a first carriage (4) mobile on the guides (3) along the X axis and provided with an upright (17), a second carriage (6) carried by the upright (17) and mobile along a second vertical Z axis, and a horizontal-arm (7) carried by the second carriage (6) and axially mobile along a third horizontal Y axis perpendicular to the X axis; a counterweight (28), fastened to the second carriage (6) by means of a belt (29) , is mobile along the Z axis within the upright (17) and is provided with wheels (33, 34) in contact with side walls (24, 25, 26) of the upright (17) .

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
• G01B 7/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines

Abstract

A coordinate measuring machine (1) comprising a base (2) provided with guides (3) parallel • to a first axis X, a first carriage (4) mobile on the guides (3) along the axis X and provided with an upright (17), a second carriage (6) carried by the upright (17) and mobile along a second vertical axis Z, and a horizontal arm (7) carried by the second carriage (6) and mobile along a third horizontal axis Y perpendicular to the axis X; the guides (3) of the first carriage (4) are arranged underneath a top wall (12) of the base (2), which is therefore flat and treadable.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines

Abstract

A coordinate measuring machine (1) comprising a base (2) provided with guides (3) parallel to a first axis X, a first mobile carriage (4) on the guides (3) along the axis X and provided with an upright (17), a second carriage (6) carried by the upright (17) and mobile along a second vertical axis Z, and a horizontal arm (7) carried by the second carriage (6) and axially mobile along a third horizontal axis Y perpendicular to the axis X; the first carriage (4) comprises a base (16) provided with a first portion (19, 20) coupled to the guides (3) and a second portion (18) rigidly connected to the upright (17), releasable connection means (27) for reciprocally connecting the first portion (19, 20) and the second portion (18) of the base (16), and articulated connection means (28) between the first portion (19, 20) and the second portion (18) of the base to allow the upright (17) to be tipped when the releasable connection means (27) are released.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 5/008 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines

Goods & Services

Systèmes d'équipement flexible manuel pour robots et machines de mesure pour le bridage de tout type de pièces et, en particulier, pour celles dotées d'une structure peu rigide, et qui demandaient traditionnellement un support spécial et pour la construction pratique de l'outillage de référence et de supports pour un nombre illimité de pièces parmi l'utilisation de dispositifs mécaniques reconfigurables (colonnes, élément de fixation). Logiciels, logiciels pour systèmes d'équipement flexible manuel pour robots et machines de mesure.

Goods & Services

Machine tools, tracing machines, copiers (machines for measuring parts), handling robots, robotized assembly systems, machines for producing and automatically measuring designs and three-dimensional objects. Coordinate measuring machines, numerical control measuring machines, monitoring machines, flexible measuring systems, computers, operating systems for automatic control of industrial installations and processes, scientific apparatus and instruments, magnetic recording media, sound recording disks, machines for processing information, interfaces, automation systems for installations, measuring robots.