18388 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; - exposing said hydrophobic organic phase comprising said at least one acylated lignin-derived compound to said acidic composition to form an esterification reaction mixture; - heating up said esterification reaction mixture to a temperature ranging from 25°C to 120°C; and - carrying out a reaction to convert at least some of said at least one acylated lignin-derived compound for a pre-determined period of time sufficient to yield said at least one acylated and esterified lignin derivative.
C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
D21C 3/04 - Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides
2.
ACYLATION COMBINED WITH ESTERIFICATION OF LIGNIN-DERIVED MATERIAL
A method for converting a lignin-derived material into at least one acylated lignin-derived material and at least one esterified lignin derivative, the method including the steps of: providing the lignin-derived material comprising lignin monomers (20 to 50 wt. %) and lignin depolymerization products (50 to 80 wt. %); exposing the lignin-derived material to a carboxylic acid to create a reaction mixture and adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture to a pH below 1; heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of up to 100° C. for a period of time sufficient to convert a portion of the lignin-derived material into the at least one acylated lignin-derived material present in a resulting reaction mixture; separating an hydrophobic organic phase of the resulting reaction mixture from an aqueous phase which contains hydrophilic lignin-derived material; providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, the acidic composition including an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, an alkylsulfonic acid, and an arylsulfonic acid, an alcohol selected from C1-C8 linear alcohol, and C3-C8 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; exposing the aqueous phase containing hydrophilic lignin-derived material to the acidic composition to form an esterification reaction mixture; heating up the esterification reaction mixture to a temperature ranging from 25° C. to 120° C.; and allowing a reaction to occur for a pre-determined period of time to convert at least some of the hydrophilic lignin-derived material present into the at least one esterified lignin derivative.
C07C 67/40 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oxidation of groups which are precursors for the acid moiety of the ester by oxidation of primary alcohols
A process to manufacture dissolving pulp grade cellulose said process comprising the steps of: o providing a lignocellulosic material; o optionally, comminuting said lignocellulosic material into chips of a particle size no greater than 5 cm o providing a modified Caro’s acid, wherein said modified Caro's acid o exposing said lignocellulosic material to said modified Caro’s acid at a temperature of less than or equal to 45°C for a period of time sufficient to allow the modified Caro’s acid to delignify said lignocellulosic material and yield a solid cellulosic portion and a liquid portion with a high dissolved lignin content; o separating said solid cellulosic portion from said liquid portion; wherein said solid cellulosic portion has the following characteristics: o lignin content below 1%; o hemicellulose content below 15%; and o cellulose content of at least 75%; - exposing said solid cellulosic portion to a caustic solution yielding causticized solids; - filtering said causticized solids; - re-slurrying said causticized solids and neutralizing such to yield a dissolving pulp cellulose; and - washing said dissolving pulp cellulose with water to remove the neutralized salts to obtain a high purity dissolving pulp cellulose having the following characteristics: o over 90% cellulose content; o less than 1% lignin content; o less than 5% hemicellulose content; and o an intrinsic viscosity ranging between 100 – 800 mL/g.
A process to manufacture dissolving pulp grade cellulose comprises providing a lignocellulosic material; providing a modified Caro's acid; exposing the lignocellulosic material to the modified Caro's acid for a period of time sufficient to allow the modified Caro's acid to delignify the lignocellulosic material and yield a solid cellulosic portion and a liquid portion with a high dissolved lignin content. Additional steps include separating the solid cellulosic portion from the liquid portion; exposing the solid cellulosic portion to a caustic solution yielding causticized solids; filtering the causticized solids; re-slurrying the causticized solids and neutralizing such to yield a dissolving pulp cellulose; and washing said dissolving pulp cellulose with water
thod to produce an upgraded oil using a lignin-rich feedstock, said method comprises the following ps; _ providing a lignin-rich feedstock, wherein said lignin-rich feedstock comprises more than 60 wt% of lignin-based compounds obtained from delignification of biomass, where said lignin-based compounds are selected from the group consisting of: lignin-derived monomers, lignin-derived dimers, lignin-derived oligomers and combinations thereof; _ providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, said acidic composition comprising: an acid selected from the group consisting of: sulfuric acid; an alkylsulfonic acid; and an arylsulfonic acid; and an alcohol selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 linear alcohol and C3-C8 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; _ combining said lignin-rich feedstock with said acidic composition into a reaction mixture; - heating up said mixture to a temperature ranging from 25°C to 120°C; and - allowing sufficient time of reaction to convert at least a portion of said lignin-derived material into said at least one esterified lignin derivative; separating said at least one esterified lignin derivative from said acidic composition; _ performing a hydrodeoxygenation reaction on said at least one esterified lignin derivative, wherein the hydrodeoxygenation reaction is carried out in the presence of a hydrogen-rich source at a temperature ranging from 250°C to 400°C under a H2 pressure ranging from 15 to 50 bar, more preferably 35 bar, in the presence of a catalyst adapted for HDO reactions, for a period of time sufficient to result in an upgraded oil having a TAN of about 2.5 mg KOH/g and viscosity of 3.4 cP.
C07C 27/04 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds by reduction of oxygen-containing compounds
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
6.
METHOD TO MANUFACTURE BIOFUEL BY THE HYDRODEOXYGENATION OF ESTERIFIED LIGNIN-DERIVED COMPOUNDS
18388 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; - combining said lignin-rich feedstock with said acidic composition into a reaction mixture; - heating up said mixture to a temperature ranging from 25oC to 120oC; and - allowing sufficient time of reaction to convert at least a portion of said lignin-derived material into said at least one esterified lignin derivative; - separating said at least one esterified lignin derivative from said acidic composition; - performing a hydrodeoxygenation reaction on said at least one esterified lignin derivative, wherein the hydrodeoxygenation reaction is carried out in the presence of a hydrogen-rich source at a temperature ranging from 250oC to 400o22 pressure ranging from 15 to 50 bar, more preferably 35 bar, in the presence of a catalyst adapted for HDO reactions, for a period of time sufficient to result in an upgraded oil having a TAN of about 2.5 mg KOH/g and viscosity of 3.4 cP.
C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
C07C 27/04 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds by reduction of oxygen-containing compounds
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
A process to obtain a halogenated methyl furfural from a high purity cellulose source, said process comprising the steps of: - providing a reaction vessel; - providing said high purity cellulose source into said reaction vessel, wherein said high purity cellulose source has a content of hemicellulose of less than 15 %, preferably less than 10 % and more preferably less than 5 %, and a Kappa number of less than 10, more preferably less than 5, and even more preferably, less than 2; - mixing said high purity cellulose source to a concentrated acid and an organic solvent at a reaction temperature ranging from 50 to 200 °C for a period of time sufficient to convert at least 75 % of the high purity cellulose source into said halogenated methyl furfural; - separating a resulting organic phase from an aqueous phase, wherein the organic phase comprises said halogenated methyl furfural and where the concentrated acid is comprised in said aqueous phase; - optionally, evaporating said organic solvent to yield said halogenated methyl furfural; and wherein said process yields less than 2.5 % of levulinic acid as a side product.
A composition useful as a fuel additive or as a fuel blend component, said composition comprising: aliphatic diesters; esters of aromatic monomers; and esters of short aromatic oligomers. Also disclosed are processes to make fuel additives and fuel blend component compositions.
C10G 25/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with moving sorbents or sorbents dispersed in the oil
C10G 53/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one sorption step
C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricityUse of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear
C10L 10/18 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups
A composition useful as a diesel fuel additive, said composition comprising: aliphatic diesters; esters of aromatic monomers; and esters of short aromatic oligomers.
C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricityUse of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear
A composition useful as a fuel additive or as a fuel blend component, said composition including: aliphatic diesters: esters of aromatic monomers; and esters of short aromatic oligomers. Also disclosed are processes to make fuel additives and fuel blend component compositions.
A composition useful as a fuel additive or as a fuel blend component, said composition comprising: aliphatic diesters; esters of aromatic monomers; and esters of short aromatic oligomers. Also disclosed are processes to make fuel additives and fuel blend component compositions.
C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricityUse of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear
C10G 25/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with moving sorbents or sorbents dispersed in the oil
C10G 53/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one sorption step
C10L 10/18 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups
12.
PEROXIDE PRE-TREATMENT COMBINED WITH AN ESTERIFICATION OF LIGNIN-DERIVED MATERIAL
18388 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; o combining said pre-treated lignin-derived material with said acidic composition into an esterification reaction mixture; o heating up said esterification reaction mixture to a temperature ranging from 25oC to 120oC; and o allowing sufficient time for an esterification reaction to occur to yield an esterified composition comprising said at least one esterified lignin derivative; wherein said esterified composition has an average molecular weight of less than 4000, as determined by gel permeation chromatography.
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
C07C 303/24 - Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acidsPreparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of esters of sulfuric acids
C07C 303/28 - Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acidsPreparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of esters of sulfonic acids by reaction of hydroxy compounds with sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
13.
CONDENSATION PRE-TREATMENT COMBINED WITH AN ESTERIFICATION OF LIGNIN-DERIVED MATERIAL
A method of depolymerizing a lignin-derived material and converting at least a portion thereof into at least one esterified lignin derivative, said method comprising the steps of: - providing said lignin-derived material selected from the group consisting of: lignin monomers; lignin depolymerization products; and combinations thereof; - heating said LHDO composition for a period of time sufficient to yield a condensed LHDO where a portion of said lignin-derived material is converted to condensed aromatic structures;wherein said condensed aromatic structures are compounds which have a higher molecular weight average than compounds present in said lignin-derived material; - performing an esterification reaction on said condensed LHDO, said esterification reaction comprising the following steps: ○ providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, said acidic composition comprising: an acid selected from the group consisting of: sulfuric acid; an alkylsulfonic acid; and an arylsulfonic acid; andan alcohol selected from the group consisting of: C1-C8 linear alcohol and C3-C8 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; ○ combining said condensed LHDO with said acidic composition into a esterification reaction mixture; ○ heating up said mixture to a temperature ranging from 25°C to 120°C to convert at least some of said lignin-derived material in said condensed LHDO into said at least one esterified lignin derivative.
C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
14.
PEROXIDE PRE-TREATMENT COMBINED WITH AN ESTERIFICATION OF LIGNIN-DERIVED MATERIAL
A method for converting a lignin-derived material into at least one esterified lignin derivative, said method comprising the steps of: - providing said lignin-derived material selected from the group consisting of: lignin monomers; lignin depolymerization products; and combinations thereof; - optionally, adding a strong acid such as, sulfuric acid; - providing an amount of peroxide component in quantity sufficient to obtain a 1:1 mole ratio with said strong acid; - adding said peroxide component to said lignin-derived material and acid to allow an oxidation reaction to take place for a predetermined period of time sufficient to yield a pre-treated lignin-derived material; - performing an esterification reaction on said pre-treated lignin-derived material, said esterification reaction comprising the following steps: ○ providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, said acidic composition comprising: an acid selected from the group consisting of: sulfuric acid; an alkylsulfonic acid; and an arylsulfonic acid; and an alcohol selected from the group consisting of: C1-C8 linear alcohol and C3-C8 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; ○ combining said pre-treated lignin-derived material with said acidic composition into a esterification reaction mixture; ○ heating up said esterification reaction mixture to a temperature ranging from 25°C to 120°C; and ○allowing a reaction to convert at least some of said pre-treated lignin-derived material into said at least one esterified lignin derivative.
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
15.
ACYLATION COMBINED WITH ESTERIFICATION OF LIGNIN-DERIVED MATERIAL
A method for converting a lignin-derived material into acylated lignin-derived material and at least one esterified lignin derivative, said method comprising the steps of: - providing said lignin-derived material comprising: lignin monomers (20 to 50 wt.%); lignin depolymerization products (50 to 80 wt.%); - exposing said lignin-derived material to a carboxylic acid to create a reaction mixture; - heating said reaction mixture to a temperature of up to 100°C for a period of time sufficient to convert a portion of said lignin-derived material into said acylated lignin-derived material present in a resulting reaction mixture; - separating an oil phase of said resulting reaction mixture from an aqueous phase which contains hydrophilic lignin-derived material; - providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, said acidic composition comprising: ○ an acid selected from the group consisting of: sulfuric acid; an alkylsulfonic acid; and an arylsulfonic acid; and ○ an alcohol selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 linear alcohol and C3-C8 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; - exposing said aqueous phase to said acidic composition to form an esterification reaction mixture; - heating up said esterification reaction mixture to a temperature ranging from 25°C to 120°C; and - allowing a reaction to convert at least some of said hydrophilic lignin-derived material present in said aqueous phase into said at least one esterified lignin derivative.
C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
16.
PEROXIDE PRE-TREATMENT COMBINED WITH AN ESTERIFICATION OF LIGNIN-DERIVED MATERIAL
A method for converting a lignin-derived material into at least one esterified lignin derivative, said method comprising the steps of: - providing said lignin-derived material selected from the group consisting of: lignin monomers; lignin depolymerization products; and combinations thereof; - adding a strong acid such as, sulfuric acid; - providing an amount of peroxide component in quantity sufficient to obtain up to a 1:1 mole ratio with said strong acid; - adding said peroxide component to said lignin-derived material and said strong acid to allow an oxidation reaction to take place for a pre-determined period of time sufficient to yield a composition comprising a pre-treated lignin-derived material; wherein said pre-treated lignin-derived material comprises at least one oxidized specie; - performing an esterification reaction on said composition comprising a pre-treated lignin- derived material, said esterification reaction comprising the following steps: providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, said acidic composition comprising: an acid selected from the group consisting of: sulfuric acid; an alkylsulfonic acid; and an arylsulfonic acid; and an alcohol selected from the group consisting of: C1-C8 linear alcohol and C3-C8 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; combining said pre-treated lignin-derived material with said acidic composition into an esterification reaction mixture; heating up said esterification reaction mixture to a temperature ranging from 25°C to 120°C; and allowing sufficient time for an esterification reaction to occur to yield an esterified composition comprising said at least one esterified lignin derivative; wherein said esterified composition has an average molecular weight of less than 4000, as determined by gel permeation chromatography.
C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
C07C 67/62 - Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
17.
MIXING VESSEL FOR HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION OF CELLULOSE AND PROCESS USING SUCH
A process for the liquefaction of cellulose, said process comprising: - providing a source of cellulose; wherein said source of cellulose comprising cellulose and hemicellulose, wherein said source of cellulose is non-flowable; - adding said source of cellulose to a mixing vessel; wherein said mixing vessel comprises a mixing apparatus selected from the group consisting of: a horizontal single helicoid auger flight; a horizontal double helicoid auger flight; a vertical single helicoid auger flight; a vertical double helicoid auger flight; a horizontal single ribbon auger flight; a horizontal double ribbon auger flight; a vertical single ribbon auger flight; a vertical double ribbon auger flight; a horizontal single sectional auger flight: a horizontal double sectional auger flight; and a vertical single sectional auger flight; a vertical double sectional auger flight; - adding a solution to said mixing vessel containing said source of cellulose to yield a reaction mixture wherein said source of cellulose is present in a concentration of solids ranging from 5% to 50% of the total mass of said reaction mixture; - mixing said reaction mixture in said mixing vessel until said reaction mixture has undergone liquefaction to yield a resulting mixture comprising oligomers and monomers from the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose and wherein said resulting mixture has a resulting viscosity of no more than 15 Pa⸱s; and - optionally, separating said resulting mixture into a liquid stream used for subsequent processing and a solid stream that is introduced back into the mixing vessel for further processing.
B01F 27/114 - Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections
C08J 11/16 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with inorganic material
C08L 1/00 - Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose, or cellulose derivatives
A process for the liquefaction of cellulose, said process comprising: - providing a mixing vessel; - providing a high purity cellulose; - adding a buffer solution to said high purity cellulose to yield a reaction mixture where said source of cellulose is present in a concentration of solids ranging from 15% to 40% of the total mass of said reaction mixture; - adding an enzyme mixture to said source of cellulose in a % concentration of solids of up to 40% thereby yielding a reaction mixture; wherein said cellulase enzyme mixture is present in an amount of approximately 0.1-1wt% protein per gram of said source of cellulose; - adding said reaction mixture to said helicoidal mixing vessel; - alternating a forward movement and a reverse movement of said screw auger comprising said reaction mixture every few minutes until said source of cellulose has undergone liquefaction to yield a solids content in the liquefied mixture of no more than 15%.
A process to manufacture dissolving pulp grade cellulose said process comprising the steps of: o providing a lignocellulosic material; o optionally, comminuting said lignocellulosic material into chips of a particle size no greater than 5 cm o providing a modified Caro's acid, wherein said modified Caro's acid o exposing said lignocellulosic material to said modified Caro's acid at a temperature of less than or equal to 45°C for a period of time sufficient to allow the modified Caro's acid to delignify said lignocellulosic material and yield a solid cellulosic portion and a liquid portion with a high dissolved lignin content; o separating said solid cellulosic portion from said liquid portion; wherein said solid cellulosic portion has the following characteristics: o lignin content below 1%; o hemicellulose content below 15%; and o cellulose content of at least 75%; - exposing said solid cellulosic portion to a caustic solution yielding causticized solids; - filtering said causticized solids; - re-slurrying said causticized solids and neutralizing such to yield a dissolving pulp cellulose; and - washing said dissolving pulp cellulose with water to remove the neutralized salts to obtain a high purity dissolving pulp cellulose having the following characteristics: o over 90% cellulose content; o less than 1% lignin content; o less than 5% hemicellulose content; and o an intrinsic viscosity ranging between 100−800 mL/g.
A buffered biomass component wherein said buffered biomass component comprises: - a cellulose component which is substantially free of lignin; - a component capable of neutralizing and/or buffering the pH, wherein said component can be selected from the group consisting of: an alkali reagent; an acidic reagent; and a buffering agent; - water; wherein the concentration of said component capable of neutralizing and/or buffering the pH ranges from 0.1 to 10 M and wherein a solids content of said buffered biomass ranges from 10 to 50 %.
C08J 3/03 - Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
C08J 3/20 - Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
C08K 3/00 - Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
A buffered biomass component wherein said buffered biomass component comprises: a cellulose component which is substantially free of lignin; a component capable of neutralizing and/or buffering the pH, wherein said component can be selected from the group consisting of: o an alkali reagent; o an acidic reagent; and o a buffering agent; water; wherein the concentration of said component capable of neutralizing and/or buffering the pH ranges from 0.1 to 10 M and wherein a solids content of said buffered biomass ranges from 10 to 50 %.
A method for converting a lignin-derived material into at least one esterified lignin derivative, the method including the steps of: providing the lignin-derived material selected from the group of lignin monomers, lignin depolymerization products, and combinations thereof; adding a strong acid such as, sulfuric acid; providing an amount of peroxide component in quantity sufficient to obtain up to a 1:1 mole ratio with the strong acid; adding the peroxide component to the lignin-derived material and the strong acid to allow an oxidation reaction to take place for a pre-determined period of time sufficient to yield a composition comprising a pre-treated lignin-derived material; wherein the pre-treated lignin-derived material comprises at least one oxidized specie; and performing an esterification reaction on the composition comprising a pre-treated lignin-derived material, the esterification reaction including the steps of: providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, the acidic composition including an acid selected from sulfuric acid, an alkylsulfonic acid, and an arylsulfonic acid, and an alcohol selected from C1-C8 linear alcohol and C3-C8 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; combining the pre-treated lignin-derived material with the acidic composition into an esterification reaction mixture; heating up the esterification reaction mixture to a temperature ranging from 25° C. to 120° C.; and allowing sufficient time for an esterification reaction to occur to yield an esterified composition comprising the at least one esterified lignin derivative; wherein the esterified composition has an average molecular weight of less than 4000, as determined by gel permeation chromatography.
A method of condensing a lignin-derived material and converting at least a portion thereof into at least one esterified lignin derivative, said method comprising the steps of: - providing said lignin-derived material present in a LHDO composition, wherein said lignin-derived material is selected from the group consisting of: lignin monomers; lignin depolymerization products; and combinations thereof; - adjusting the LHDO composition to a pH less than 1; - heating said LHDO composition for a period of time sufficient to yield a heat-treated LHDO comprising at least one condensed aromatic structure; wherein said heat-treated LHDO has a higher molecular weight average than said LHDO composition; - performing an esterification reaction on said heat-treated LHDO, said esterification reaction comprising the following steps: o providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, said acidic composition comprising: ▪ an acid selected from the group consisting of: sulfuric acid; an alkylsulfonic acid; and an arylsulfonic acid; and ▪ an alcohol selected from the group consisting of: C1-C8 linear alcohol and C3-C8 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; o combining said heat-treated LHDO with said acidic composition into an esterification reaction mixture; o heating up said esterification mixture to a temperature ranging from 25oC to 120oC to convert at least some of said lignin-derived material and/or said at least one condensed aromatic structure present in said heat-treated LHDO into said at least one esterified lignin derivative.
C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
C07C 69/84 - Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of monocyclic hydroxy carboxylic acids, the hydroxy groups and the carboxyl groups of which are bound to carbon atoms of a six-membered aromatic ring
C07C 69/86 - Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of monocyclic hydroxy carboxylic acids, the hydroxy groups and the carboxyl groups of which are bound to carbon atoms of a six-membered aromatic ring with esterified hydroxyl groups
C07C 69/92 - Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of monocyclic hydroxy carboxylic acids, the hydroxy groups and the carboxyl groups of which are bound to carbon atoms of a six-membered aromatic ring with etherified hydroxyl groups
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
24.
ACYLATION COMBINED WITH ESTERIFICATION OF LIGNIN-DERIVED MATERIAL
The current application relates to a method for converting a lignin-derived material into at least one acylated lignin-derived material and at least one esterified lignin derivative, said method comprising the steps of: 1) first exposing said lignin-derived material to a carboxylic acid to convert a portion of said lignin-derived material into said at least one acylated lignin-derived material; 2) separating an organic phase containing said acylated lignin-derived material from an aqueous phase which contains hydrophilic lignin-derived material; and 3) exposing said aqueous phase containing hydrophilic lignin-derived material to an acidic composition comprising an acid and an alcohol to convert at least some of said hydrophilic lignin-derived material into said at least one esterified lignin derivative.
C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
C07C 69/84 - Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of monocyclic hydroxy carboxylic acids, the hydroxy groups and the carboxyl groups of which are bound to carbon atoms of a six-membered aromatic ring
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
25.
CONDENSATION PRE-TREATMENT COMBINED WITH AN ESTERIFICATION OF LIGNIN-DERIVED MATERIAL
A method of condensing a lignin-derived material and converting at least a portion thereof into at least one esterified lignin derivative, the method including the steps of: providing the lignin-derived material present in a LHDO composition, wherein the lignin-derived material is selected from the group consisting of: lignin monomers; lignin depolymerization products; and combinations thereof; adjusting the LHDO composition to a pH less than 1; heating the LHDO composition for a period of time sufficient to yield a heat-treated LHDO comprising at least one condensed aromatic structure; wherein the heat-treated LHDO has a higher molecular weight average than the LHDO composition; performing an esterification reaction on the heat-treated LHDO, the esterification reaction including the steps of: providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, the acidic composition including an acid selected from sulfuric acid, an alkylsulfonic acid, and an arylsulfonic acid, and an alcohol selected from the group consisting of: C1-C8 linear alcohol and C3-C8 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; combining the heat-treated LHDO with the acidic composition into an esterification reaction mixture; and heating up the esterification mixture to a temperature ranging from 25° C. to 120° C. to convert at least some of the lignin-derived material and/or the at least one condensed aromatic structure present in the heat-treated LHDO into the at least one esterified lignin derivative.
A process to manufacture dissolving pulp grade cellulose said process comprising the steps of: o providing a lignocellulosic material; o optionally, comminuting said lignocellulosic material into chips of a particle size no greater than 5 cm o providing a modified Caro's acid, wherein said modified Caro's acid o exposing said lignocellulosic material to said modified Caro's acid at a temperature of less than or equal to 45°C for a period of time sufficient to allow the modified Caro's acid to delignify said lignocellulosic material and yield a solid cellulosic portion and a liquid portion with a high dissolved lignin content; o separating said solid cellulosic portion from said liquid portion; wherein said solid cellulosic portion has the following characteristics: o lignin content below 1%; o hemicellulose content below 15%; and o cellulose content of at least 75%; - exposing said solid cellulosic portion to a caustic solution yielding causticized solids; - filtering said causticized solids; - re-slurrying said causticized solids and neutralizing such to yield a dissolving pulp cellulose; and - washing said dissolving pulp cellulose with water to remove the neutralized salts to obtain a high purity dissolving pulp cellulose having the following characteristics: o over 90% cellulose content; o less than 1% lignin content; o less than 5% hemicellulose content; and o an intrinsic viscosity ranging between 100 – 800 mL/g.
A process for the liquefaction of cellulose, said process comprising: - providing a source of cellulose; wherein said source of cellulose comprising cellulose and hemicellulose, wherein said source of cellulose is non-flowable; - adding said source of cellulose to a mixing vessel; wherein said mixing vessel comprises a mixing apparatus selected from the group consisting of: a horizontal single helicoid auger flight; a horizontal double helicoid auger flight; a vertical single helicoid auger flight; a vertical double helicoid auger flight; a horizontal single ribbon auger flight; a horizontal double ribbon auger flight; a vertical single ribbon auger flight; a vertical double ribbon auger flight; a horizontal single sectional auger flight: a horizontal double sectional auger flight; and a vertical single sectional auger flight; a vertical double sectional auger flight; - adding a solution to said mixing vessel containing said source of cellulose to yield a reaction mixture wherein said source of cellulose is present in a concentration of solids ranging from 5% to 50% of the total mass of said reaction mixture; - mixing said reaction mixture in said mixing vessel until said reaction mixture has undergone liquefaction to yield a resulting mixture comprising oligomers and monomers from the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose and wherein said resulting mixture has a resulting viscosity of no more than 15 Pa·s; and - optionally, separating said resulting mixture into a liquid stream used for subsequent processing and a solid stream that is introduced back into the mixing vessel for further processing.
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
B01F 27/114 - Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
C08J 11/16 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with inorganic material
C12M 1/02 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with agitation meansApparatus for enzymology or microbiology with heat exchange means
C12P 19/00 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
A process for the liquefaction of cellulose, said process comprising:
providing a source of cellulose; wherein said source of cellulose comprising cellulose and hemicellulose, wherein said source of cellulose is non-flowable;
adding said source of cellulose to a mixing vessel; wherein said mixing vessel comprises a mixing apparatus selected from the group consisting of: a horizontal single helicoid auger flight; a horizontal double helicoid auger flight; a vertical single helicoid auger flight; a vertical double helicoid auger flight; a horizontal single ribbon auger flight; a horizontal double ribbon auger flight; a vertical single ribbon auger flight; a vertical double ribbon auger flight; a horizontal single sectional auger flight: a horizontal double sectional auger flight; and a vertical single sectional auger flight; a vertical double sectional auger flight;
adding a solution to said mixing vessel containing said source of cellulose to yield a reaction mixture wherein said source of cellulose is present in a concentration of solids ranging from 5% to 50% of the total mass of said reaction mixture;
mixing said reaction mixture in said mixing vessel until said reaction mixture has undergone liquefaction to yield a resulting mixture comprising oligomers and monomers from the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose and wherein said resulting mixture has a resulting viscosity of no more than 15 Pa·s; and
optionally, separating said resulting mixture into a liquid stream used for subsequent processing and a solid stream that is introduced back into the mixing vessel for further processing.
C12N 1/22 - Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C12P 19/00 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
30.
PROCESS FOR SELECTIVELY MANUFACTURING ALPHA CELLULOSE
A method for obtaining alpha-cellulose in a purity of above 85%, where said method comprises the following steps: Step 1: providing a biomass feedstock comprising: cellulose; hemicellulose; and lignin; Step 2: exposing the biomass feedstock to a delignification step performed using a modified Caro's acid creating a reaction mixture, wherein said delignification is carried out at a temperature ranging 20-40oC for a period of time sufficient to allow the modified Caro’s acid to delignify said lignocellulosic biomass and yield: a remaining solids portion having a kappa number of less than 10; and a liquid stream; Step 4: removing said liquid stream comprising depolymerized lignin and depolymerized hemicellulose from the resulting reaction mixture; Step 5: recovering said remaining solids portion comprising high purity cellulosic portion.
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 11/06 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions
C08J 11/18 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C12P 19/00 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
D21C 3/06 - Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides sulfur dioxidePulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides sulfurous acidPulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides bisulfites
A method for substantially removing constituents of a lignocellulosic biomass into separate streams, where said method comprises the following steps: Step 1: providing said lignocellulosic biomass comprising: cellulose; hemicellulose; and lignin; Step 2: exposing the lignocellulosic biomass to a delignification step performed at a temperature below 55oC using a modified Caro's acid and generating a reaction mixture, said delignification step is carried out for a first period of time sufficient to dissolve enough of the lignin present in said lignocellulosic biomass to obtain a kappa number for the remaining solids of less than 10; Step 4: recovering, from the reaction mixture, a liquid stream comprising depolymerized lignin constituents and said remaining solids comprising cellulose and hemicellulose and having a lignin content of less than 1.5 % lignin; Step 5: exposing said remaining solids to a caustic composition at a low temperature, (preferably below 60oC), to generate a caustic mixture comprising said caustic composition, hemicellulose and cellulose; Step 6: allowing sufficient time for at least 85% of the remaining hemicellulose present to be dissolved by said caustic composition, and wherein exposure to said caustic composition yields a final solids portion; Step 6: optionally, separating said dissolved hemicellulose from said final solids portion; and Step 7: optionally, recovering said final solid portion; and Step 8: recovering said hemicellulose from said dissolved hemicellulose, wherein said hemicellulose recovered constitutes over 85% of the hemicellulose present in said remaining solids portion and is mainly in a polysaccharide form.
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
33.
PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (NCC)
A process to manufacture nanocrystalline cellulose from a cellulose having a low hemicellulose content, said process comprising the steps of: - exposing said cellulose to a solution comprising a microemulsion for a first pre-determined period of time, thereby creating a cellulose suspension comprising said microemulsion and a swollen cellulose; - optionally, separating said microemulsion from said swollen cellulose; - exposing said swollen cellulose to a source of peroxide (such as H2O2) and a metal salt selected from the group consisting of: FeSO4; CuSO4; and combinations thereof, under acidic conditions, for a second pre-determined period causing hydrolysis of the cellulose; and - recovering a resulting nanocrystalline cellulose, wherein the cellulose has a particle size ranging from 100 to 1000 µm.
A process to manufacture a value added product by blending a stream of cellulose-based hydrolysate with a non-cellulose based hydrolysate, wherein said process comprising the steps of:
providing a high purity cellulose comprising of less than 1.5% lignin;
exposing said high purity cellulose to a saccharification process to produce a cellulosic hydrolysate comprising sugars obtained from the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose;
exposing said cellulosic hydrolysate to another sugar hydrolysate obtained from a saccharification of a non-cellulose based sugar source material, thus obtaining a combined hydrolysate stream;
processing said combined hydrolysate stream to produce SAID value-added product; and
optionally, purifying and/or separating said at least one value-added product from the rest of the fermentation stream to yield a purified value-added product.
A process to manufacture a value added product by blending a stream of cellulose-based hydrolysate with a non-cellulose based hydrolysate, wherein said process comprising the steps of: - providing a high purity cellulose comprising of less than 1.5 % lignin; - exposing said high purity cellulose to a saccharification process to produce a cellulosic hydrolysate comprising sugars obtained from the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose; - exposing said cellulosic hydrolysate to another sugar hydrolysate obtained from a saccharification of a non-cellulose based sugar source material, thus obtaining a combined hydrolysate stream; - processing said combined hydrolysate stream to produce SAID value-added product; and - optionally, purifying and/or separating said at least one value-added product from the rest of the fermentation stream to yield a purified value-added product.
C12N 1/22 - Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C12P 19/00 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
36.
DELIGNIFICATION OF RAILROAD TIES AND RECOVERY OF BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS
16366 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; exposing said processed particles to said acidic composition and said alcohol for a period of time sufficient to delignify said processed particles and yield a contaminated cellulose portion comprising at least one contaminant selected from the group consisting of: creosote; a creosote degradation product; a cresol degradation product; a tar-derivative product; a tar-derivative degradation product; and a liquid portion comprising lignin; lignin depolymerization products; creosote degradation products; cresol degradation products; removing said liquid portion; washing the contaminated cellulose portion with an organic solvent thereby obtaining a washed cellulose separating said washed cellulose from said organic solvent; recovering said washed cellulose portion, wherein said washed cellulose portion contains less than 50% of the initial content of creosote, cresol, and/or a tar product; wherein said obtained cellulose contains amounts of said at least one contaminant which do not prevent cellulose fermentation into a high value added product.
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
B09B 3/60 - Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
B09B 3/80 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C12P 19/00 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
Method of delignification of plant material, said method including: providing said plant material comprising cellulose fibers and lignin; exposing said plant material requiring to a composition comprising: alkanesulfonic acid; a compound comprising an amine moiety and a sulfonic acid moiety (such as taurine); and a peroxide, wherein said alkylsulfonic acid and said peroxide are present in a molar ratio ranging from 1:1 to 15:1 and the time of exposure is sufficient to remove substantially all of the lignin present on said plant material. Compositions capable of achieving delignification are also disclosed.
Method to produce biofuel using a lignin-rich feedstock, said method comprise; —providing a lignin-rich feedstock, wherein said lignin-rich feedstock comprises more than 60 wt % of lignin-based compounds obtained from delignification of biomass, where said lignin-based compounds are selected from the group consisting of: lignin-derived monomers, lignin-derived dimers, lignin-derived oligomers and combinations thereof; —performing a hydrodeoxygenation reaction on said lignin-rich feedstock, wherein the hydrodeoxygenation reaction is carried out in a hydrogen-rich source at a temperature ranging from 300° C. to 400° C. under a H2 pressure ranging from 15 to 75 bar, more preferably 35 bar, in the presence of a catalyst adapted for HDO reactions, for a period of time sufficient to result in an upgraded oil having a total acid number (TAN) of about 10-35 mg KOH/g and viscosity of 4-30 cP.
A process to obtain glucose from a pretreated lignocellulosic biomass, said process comprising the steps of: providing a lignocellulosic biomass; contacting said lignocellulosic biomass to a modified Caro’s acid composition for a period of time necessary to remove more than 98.5 % of the lignin present in said lignocellulosic biomass and thus obtaining a solid stream and a liquid stream; exposing said solid stream to an enzyme blend to produce a hydrolysate comprising sugars obtained from the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose; and optionally, fermenting said hydrolysate to produce value-added products.
C12N 1/22 - Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof
C12P 1/02 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes by using fungi
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
A process to hydrolyze cellulose into cellobiose comprising the following steps: providing a reaction vessel; providing an inoculum of a bacteria or fungus capable of expressing one or more endo or exo-0- glucanase into said reaction vessel; exposing said bacterium or fungus to a source of cellulose having a kappa number of less than 10 and a hemicellulose content of less than 15% in an aqueous medium of pH between 5 and 9 at a temperature ranging from 20°C to 40°C for a period of time ranging from 1 to 30 days; and exposing the cellobiose to a bacterium or fungi or yeast, or combination which converts cellobiose to glucose or ethanol.
C08J 11/18 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material
C12N 9/42 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) acting on beta-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. cellulase
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C12P 7/14 - Multiple stages of fermentationMultiple types of microorganisms or reuse for microorganisms
A method for substantially removing constituents of a lignocellulosic biomass into separate streams, where said method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: providing said lignocellulosic biomass comprising: cellulose; hemicellulose; and lignin;
Step 2: exposing the lignocellulosic biomass to a delignification step performed at a temperature below 55° C. using a modified Caro's acid and generating a reaction mixture, said delignification step is carried out for a first period of time sufficient to dissolve enough of the lignin present in said lignocellulosic biomass to obtain a kappa number for the remaining solids of less than 10;
Step 4: recovering, from the reaction mixture, a liquid stream comprising depolymerized lignin constituents and said remaining solids comprising cellulose and hemicellulose and having a lignin content of less than 1.5% lignin;
Step 5: exposing said remaining solids to a caustic composition at a low temperature, (preferably below 60° C.), to generate a caustic mixture comprising said caustic composition, hemicellulose and cellulose;
Step 6: allowing sufficient time for at least 85% of the remaining hemicellulose present to be dissolved by said caustic composition, and wherein exposure to said caustic composition yields a final solids portion;
Step 6: optionally, separating said dissolved hemicellulose from said final solids portion; and
Step 7: optionally, recovering said final solid portion; and
Step 8: recovering said hemicellulose from said dissolved hemicellulose, wherein said hemicellulose recovered constitutes over 85% of the hemicellulose present in said remaining solids portion and is mainly in a polysaccharide form.
A process to manufacture nanocrystalline cellulose from a cellulose having a low hemicellulose content, said process comprising the steps of:
exposing said cellulose to a solution comprising a microemulsion for a first pre-determined period of time, thereby creating a cellulose suspension comprising said microemulsion and a swollen cellulose;
optionally, separating said microemulsion from said swollen cellulose;
exposing said swollen cellulose to a source of peroxide (such as H2O2) and a metal salt selected from the group consisting of: FeSO4; CuSO4; and combinations thereof, under acidic conditions, for a second pre-determined period causing hydrolysis of the cellulose; and
recovering a resulting nanocrystalline cellulose, wherein the cellulose has a particle size ranging from 100 to 1000 μm.
A method for substantially removing constituents of a lignocellulosic biomass into separate streams, where said method comprises the following steps: Step 1: providing said lignocellulosic biomass comprising: cellulose; hemicellulose; and lignin; Step 2: exposing the lignocellulosic biomass to a delignification step performed at a temperature below 55oC using a modified Caro's acid and generating a reaction mixture, said delignification step is carried out for a first period of time sufficient to dissolve enough of the lignin present in said lignocellulosic biomass to obtain a kappa number for the remaining solids of less than 10; Step 4: recovering, from the reaction mixture, a liquid stream comprising depolymerized lignin constituents and said remaining solids comprising cellulose and hemicellulose and having a lignin content of less than 1.5 % lignin; Step 5: exposing said remaining solids to a caustic composition at a low temperature, (preferably below 60oC), to generate a caustic mixture comprising said caustic composition, hemicellulose and cellulose; Step 6: allowing sufficient time for at least 85% of the remaining hemicellulose present to be dissolved by said caustic composition, and wherein exposure to said caustic composition yields a final solids portion; Step 6: optionally, separating said dissolved hemicellulose from said final solids portion; and Step 7: optionally, recovering said final solid portion; and Step 8: recovering said hemicellulose from said dissolved hemicellulose, wherein said hemicellulose recovered constitutes over 85% of the hemicellulose present in said remaining solids portion and is mainly in a polysaccharide form.
A method for obtaining alpha-cellulose in a purity of above 85%, where said method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: providing a biomass feedstock comprising: cellulose; hemicellulose; and lignin;
Step 2: exposing the biomass feedstock to a delignification step performed using a modified Caro's acid creating a reaction mixture, wherein said delignification is carried out at a temperature ranging 20-40° C. for a period of time sufficient to allow the modified Caro's acid to delignify said lignocellulosic biomass and yield: a remaining solids portion having a kappa number of less than 10; and a liquid stream;
Step 4: removing said liquid stream comprising depolymerized lignin and depolymerized hemicellulose from the resulting reaction mixture;
Step 5: recovering said remaining solids portion comprising high purity cellulosic portion.
A method for obtaining alpha-cellulose in a purity of above 85%, where said method comprises the following steps: Step 1: providing a biomass feedstock comprising: cellulose; hemicellulose; and lignin; Step 2: exposing the biomass feedstock to a delignification step performed using a modified Caro's acid creating a reaction mixture, wherein said delignification is carried out at a temperature ranging 20-40ºC for a period of time sufficient to allow the modified Caro's acid to delignify said lignocellulosic biomass and yield: a remaining solids portion having a kappa number of less than 10; and a liquid stream; Step 4: removing said liquid stream comprising depolymerized lignin and depolymerized hemicellulose from the resulting reaction mixture; Step 5: recovering said remaining solids portion comprising high purity cellulosic portion.
C08J 11/28 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
D21C 3/04 - Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides
46.
PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (NCC)
22444; and combinations thereof, under acidic conditions, for a second pre-determined period causing hydrolysis of the cellulose; and - recovering a resulting nanocrystalline cellulose, wherein the cellulose has a particle size ranging from 100 to 1000 µm.
ABSTRACT A process to make biogas, said process comprising the steps of: providing a digester which comprises at least one organic material rich in nitrogen and at least one inoculum capable of converting a portion of said at least one organic material into methane under anaerobic conditions; providing a biomass which is depleted of lignin in a range from 5 to 100 % w/w of the total organic feedstock; adding said biomass to said digester; allowing sufficient time for the digester to degrade at least a portion of said biomass and at least a portion of said organic material to yield a biogas composition comprising methane; capturing said biogas composition; and storing said biogas. Also disclosed, are methods and uses associated with the use of a cellulosic component which has been processed to be depleted of lignin which comprises approximately between 10% to 50 % of the amount of lignin present in a biomass component prior to a delignification treatment, as additive to organic waste in a bio-digester.
A process to perform a controlled exothermic delignification of biomass, said process comprising the steps of: - providing a system comprising at least a first vessel and a second vessel; - providing a biomass comprising lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose fibers into said first vessel; - providing an aqueous acidic composition comprising an acid selected from the group consisting of: sulfuric acid; an alkylsulfonic acid; an arylsulfonic acid and combinations thereof; - providing a modifier component; - providing a peroxide component; - exposing said biomass to said sulfuric acid, modifier and peroxide components, creating a reaction mass; - mixing said reaction mass; - allowing said sulfuric acid component and peroxide component to come into contact with said biomass for a period of time sufficient to a delignification reaction to occur and remove a pre-determined amount of said lignin from said biomass; wherein said pre-determined amount is assessed by determining a first remaining peroxide concentration in the reaction mass, with a suitable apparatus, when said first remaining peroxide concentration is reached, the biomass is transferred to said second vessel.
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
ABSTRACT A method of using recalcitrant biomass in the production of methane from a bio-digester, said method comprising the steps of: providing a recalcitrant biomass wherein said biomass comprises a lignin content above 10 % of the dry weight of said biomass; exposing said highly recalcitrant biomass to a delignification reaction wherein said delignification reaction comprising the exposure of said highly recalcitrant biomass to an acidic composition comprising a modified Caro’s acid for a period of time sufficient to yield a treated cellulose which has a final lignin content of up to 100% less than the initial lignin content of the biomass; providing a digester whose contents comprises at least one inoculum comprising a microbial community capable of converting organic material into methane under anaerobic conditions; adding said treated cellulose to said digester; optionally, adding at least one organic material which is not categorized as highly recalcitrant biomass; allowing sufficient time for the digester to degrade at least a portion of said treated cellulose and optionally, at least a portion of said organic material to yield a biogas composition comprising methane; capturing said biogas composition; and storing said biogas.
A method for converting a lignin-derived material into at least one esterified lignin derivative, said method comprising the steps of: providing said lignin-derived material selected from the group consisting of: lignin monomers; lignin depolymerization products; and combinations thereof; providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, said acidic composition comprising: an acid selected from the group consisting of: sulfuric acid; an alkylsulfonic acid; and an arylsulfonic acid; and an alcohol selected from the group consisting of Ci-Cs linear alcohol and Cs-Cs branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; combining said lignin-derived material with said acidic composition into a reaction mixture; heating up said mixture to a temperature ranging from 25°C to 120°C; and allowing sufficient time of reaction to convert at least a portion of said lignin-derived material into said at least one esterified lignin derivative.
C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
51.
USE OF A MODIFIED ACID IN DUAL PURPOSE BIOMASS DELIGNIFICATION
Method for controlled delignification of lignocellulosic feedstock and conversion of lignin depolymerization products into at least one ester compound, said method comprising the steps of: providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, said acidic composition comprising: an acid selected from the group consisting of: sulfuric acid; an alkylsulfonic acid; and an arylsulfonic acid; a source of peroxide; an alcohol selected from the group consisting of Ci-Ce linear alcohol and Cs-Ce branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; exposing said lignocellulosic feedstock to said acidic composition for a period of time sufficient for the acidic composition to react with the lignocellulosic feedstock to obtain a liquid phase containing lignin depolymerization products and diester compounds and a solid phase comprising cellulose fibers; optionally, separating the liquid phase from the solid phase recovering a mixture of diesters, lignin monomers and cellulose fibers; and optionally, separating said lignin depolymerization products from said diester compounds.
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
D21C 3/06 - Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides sulfur dioxidePulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides sulfurous acidPulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides bisulfites
A process to make biogas, said process comprising the steps of: - providing a digester which comprises at least one organic material rich in nitrogen and at least one inoculum capable of converting a portion of said at least one organic material into methane under anaerobic conditions; - providing a biomass which is depleted of lignin in a range from 5 to 100 % w/w of the total organic feedstock; - adding said biomass to said digester; - allowing sufficient time for the digester to degrade at least a portion of said biomass and at least a portion of said organic material to yield a biogas composition comprising methane; - capturing said biogas composition; and - storing said biogas. Also disclosed, are methods and uses associated with the use of a cellulosic component which has been processed to be depleted of lignin which comprises approximately between 10% to 50 % of the amount of lignin present in a biomass component prior to a delignification treatment, as additive to organic waste in a bio-digester.
A method of using recalcitrant biomass in the production of methane from a bio-digester, said method comprising the steps of: - providing a recalcitrant biomass wherein said biomass comprises a lignin content above 10 % of the dry weight of said biomass; - exposing said highly recalcitrant biomass to a delignification reaction wherein said delignification reaction comprising the exposure of said highly recalcitrant biomass to an acidic composition comprising a modified Caro's acid for a period of time sufficient to yield a treated cellulose which has a final lignin content of up to 100% less than the initial lignin content of the biomass; - providing a digester whose contents comprises at least one inoculum comprising a microbial community capable of converting organic material into methane under anaerobic conditions; - adding said treated cellulose to said digester; - optionally, adding at least one organic material which is not categorized as highly recalcitrant biomass; - allowing sufficient time for the digester to degrade at least a portion of said treated cellulose and optionally, at least a portion of said organic material to yield a biogas composition comprising methane; - capturing said biogas composition; and - storing said biogas.
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 11/16 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with inorganic material
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
In one example, a method includes providing a recalcitrant biomass; exposing said highly recalcitrant biomass to a delignification reaction wherein said delignification reaction comprising the exposure of said highly recalcitrant biomass to an acidic composition comprising a modified Caro's acid for a period of time sufficient to yield a treated cellulose which has a final lignin content of up to 100% less than the initial lignin content of the biomass; providing a digester whose contents comprises at least one inoculum comprising a microbial community capable of converting organic material into methane under anaerobic conditions; adding said treated cellulose to said digester; allowing sufficient time for the digester to degrade at least a portion of said treated cellulose and optionally, at least a portion of said organic material to yield a biogas composition comprising methane; capturing said biogas composition; and storing said biogas.
16366 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; - exposing said lignocellulosic feedstock to said acidic composition for a period of time sufficient for the acidic composition to react with the lignocellulosic feedstock to obtain a liquid phase containing lignin depolymerization products and diester compounds and a solid phase comprising cellulose fibers; - optionally, separating the liquid phase from the solid phase recovering a mixture of diesters, lignin monomers and cellulose fibers; and - optionally, separating said lignin depolymerization products from said diester compounds.
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
56.
Optimization of chemical consumption in biomass delignification
In one example, a process includes providing a system with a first vessel and a second vessel; providing a biomass comprising lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose fibers into said first vessel; providing an aqueous acidic composition comprising an acid; providing a modifier component; providing a peroxide component; exposing said biomass to said sulfuric acid, modifier and peroxide components, creating a reaction mass; mixing said reaction mass; and allowing said sulfuric acid component and peroxide component to come into contact with said biomass for a period of time sufficient to a delignification reaction to occur and remove a pre-determined amount of said lignin from said biomass. The pre-determined amount may be assessed by determining a first remaining peroxide concentration in the reaction mass, with a suitable apparatus, when said first remaining peroxide concentration is reached, the biomass is transferred to said second vessel.
In one example, a process to make biogas includes providing a digester which comprises at least one organic material rich in nitrogen and at least one inoculum capable of converting a portion of said at least one organic material into methane under anaerobic conditions; providing a biomass which is depleted of lignin; adding said biomass to said digester; allowing sufficient time for the digester to degrade at least a portion of said biomass and at least a portion of said organic material to yield a biogas composition comprising methane; capturing said biogas composition; and storing said biogas. Also disclosed, are methods and uses associated with the use of a cellulosic component processed to be depleted of lignin which comprises approximately between 10% to 50% of the amount of lignin present in a biomass component prior to a delignification treatment, as additive to organic waste in a bio-digester.
A process to perform a controlled exothermic delignification of biomass, said process comprising the steps of: - providing a system comprising at least a first vessel and a second vessel; - providing a biomass comprising lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose fibers into said first vessel; - providing an aqueous acidic composition comprising an acid selected from the group consisting of: sulfuric acid; an alkylsulfonic acid; an arylsulfonic acid and combinations thereof; - providing a modifier component; - providing a peroxide component; - exposing said biomass to said sulfuric acid, modifier and peroxide components, creating a reaction mass; - mixing said reaction mass; - allowing said sulfuric acid component and peroxide component to come into contact with said biomass for a period of time sufficient to a delignification reaction to occur and remove a pre-determined amount of said lignin from said biomass; wherein said pre-determined amount is assessed by determining a first remaining peroxide concentration in the reaction mass, with a suitable apparatus, when said first remaining peroxide concentration is reached, the biomass is transferred to said second vessel.
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
18388 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof; - combining said lignin-derived material with said acidic composition into a reaction mixture; - heating up said mixture to a temperature ranging from 25°C to 120°C; and - allowing sufficient time of reaction to convert at least a portion of said lignin-derived material into said at least one esterified lignin derivative.
Method for controlled delignification of lignocellulosic feedstock and conversion of lignin depolymerization products into at least one ester compound, said method comprising the steps of:
providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, said acidic composition comprising:
an acid selected from the group consisting of:
sulfuric acid;
an alkylsulfonic acid; and
an arylsulfonic acid;
a source of peroxide;
an alcohol selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 linear alcohol and C3-C6 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof;
exposing said lignocellulosic feedstock to said acidic composition for a period of time sufficient for the acidic composition to react with the lignocellulosic feedstock to obtain a liquid phase containing lignin depolymerization products and diester compounds and a solid phase comprising cellulose fibers;
optionally, separating the liquid phase from the solid phase recovering a mixture of diesters, lignin monomers and cellulose fibers; and
optionally, separating said lignin depolymerization products from said diester compounds.
A method for converting a lignin-derived material into at least one esterified lignin derivative, said method comprising the steps of:
providing said lignin-derived material selected from the group consisting of: lignin monomers; lignin depolymerization products; and combinations thereof;
providing an acidic composition having a pH of less than 1, said acidic composition comprising:
an acid selected from the group consisting of: sulfuric acid; an alkylsulfonic acid; and an arylsulfonic acid; and
an alcohol selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 linear alcohol and C3-C8 branched alcohol and mixtures thereof;
combining said lignin-derived material with said acidic composition into a reaction mixture;
heating up said mixture to a temperature ranging from 25° C. to 120° C.; and
allowing sufficient time of reaction to convert at least a portion of said lignin-derived material into said at least one esterified lignin derivative.
C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
Compositions comprising an acid; a modifying agent selected from the group consisting of sulfamic acid, imidazole, N-alkylimidazoles, taurine, taurine derivatives, taurine-related compounds, alkylsulfonic acids, arylsulfonic acids, triethanolamine and combinations thereof; a metal salt; and a peroxide.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
04 - Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; fuels
Goods & Services
(1) Industrial chemicals, namely, catalysts for use in the manufacture of industrial chemicals, biologically-engineered microbes for use in the production of industrial chemicals, industrial chemicals for use in the manufacture of cellulose, industrial chemicals for use in the cellulose industry; Cellulose
(2) Biofuels; Biomass fuel; Biomass fuel, namely, a lignocellulosic material used as a fuel for generating energy and electricity
One-pot processes to separate lignin from a lignocellulosic feedstock include providing a vessel; providing a lignocellulosic feedstock; providing a composition comprising an acid, a modifying agent comprising an alkanesulfonic acid, and a peroxide; and exposing the lignocellulosic feedstock to the composition in the vessel for a period of time sufficient to remove at least 80% of the lignin present in the lignocellulosic feedstock. In some instances, such one-pot process can further include removing a liquid phase comprising dissolved lignin fragments from a solid phase comprising cellulose fibres.
A one-pot processes to separate lignin from a lignocellulosic feedstock include providing a vessel; providing a lignocellulosic feedstock; providing a composition comprising an acid, a modifying agent comprising a heterocyclic compound, and a peroxide; and exposing the lignocellulosic feedstock to the composition in the vessel for a period of time sufficient to remove at least 80% of the lignin present in the lignocellulosic feedstock.
A process to obtain glucose from a pretreated lignocellulosic biomass, said process comprising the steps of: - providing a lignocellulosic biomass; - contacting said lignocellulosic biomass to a modified Caro's acid composition for a period of time necessary to remove more than 98.5 % of the lignin present in said lignocellulosic biomass and thus obtaining a solid stream and a liquid stream; - exposing said solid stream to an enzyme blend to produce a hydrolysate comprising sugars obtained from the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose; and - optionally, fermenting said hydrolysate to produce value-added products.
C12N 9/42 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) acting on beta-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. cellulase
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
67.
IMPROVED CELLULOSE FOR USE IN CELLULOSIC ETHANOL-PRODUCING APPLICATIONS
A process to hydrolyze cellulose into cellobiose comprising the following steps: - providing a reaction vessel; - providing an inoculum of a bacteria or fungus capable of expressing one or more endo or exo-β-glucanase into said reaction vessel; - exposing said bacterium or fungus to a source of cellulose having a kappa number of less than 10 and a hemicellulose content of less than 15% in an aqueous medium of pH between 5 and 9 at a temperature ranging from 20°C to 40°C for a period of time ranging from 1 to 30 days; and - exposing the cellobiose to a bacterium or fungi or yeast, or combination which converts cello-biose to glucose or ethanol.
C08J 11/18 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material
C12N 9/24 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
A process to hydrolyze cellulose into cellobiose comprises providing a reaction vessel and providing an inoculum of a bacteria or fungus capable of expressing one or more endo or exo-β-glucanase into reaction vessel. The bacterium or fungus is exposed to a source of cellulose having a kappa number of less than 10 and a hemicellulose content of less than 15% in an aqueous medium of pH between 5 and 9 at a temperature ranging from 20° C. to 40° C. for a period of time ranging from 1 to 30 days. The cellobiose is exposed to a bacterium or fungi or yeast, or combination which converts cellobiose to glucose or ethanol.
One-pot processes to separate lignin from a lignocellulosic feedstock include providing a vessel; providing a lignocellulosic feedstock; providing an aqueous composition comprising an acid, a modifying agent comprising a substituted aromatic compound, and a peroxide; and exposing the lignocellulosic feedstock to the composition in the vessel for a period of time sufficient to remove at least 80% of the lignin present in the lignocellulosic feedstock.
A process to obtain glucose from a pretreated lignocellulosic biomass comprises providing a lignocellulosic biomass and contacting said lignocellulosic biomass to a modified Caro's acid composition for a period of time necessary to remove more than 98.5% of the lignin present in the lignocellulosic biomass and thus obtaining a solid stream and a liquid stream. The solid stream is exposed to an enzyme blend to produce a hydrolysate comprising sugars obtained from the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose. Optionally, the hydrolysate may be fermented to produce value-added products.
A one-pot process to separate lignin from a lignocellulosic feedstock includes providing a vessel; providing a lignocellulosic feedstock; providing a composition comprising an acid, a modifying agent comprising a carbonyl-containing nitrogenous base compound, and a peroxide; exposing the lignocellulosic feedstock to the composition in the vessel for a period of time sufficient to remove at least 80% of the lignin present in the lignocellulosic feedstock; and optionally, removing a liquid phase comprising dissolved lignin fragments from a solid phase comprising cellulose fibres.
Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an acid; a modifying agent selected from the group consisting of: sulfamic acid; imidazole; an imidazole derivative; taurine; a taurine derivative; a taurine-related compound; an alkylsulfonic acid; an arylsulfonic acid; triethanolamine; and combinations thereof; a peroxide salt; and a peroxide. Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising an acid; a modifying agent comprising a compound containing an amine group and a compound comprising a sulfonic acid moiety; a peroxide salt; and a peroxide.
An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a heterocyclic compound; an alkanesulfonic acid; and a peroxide. Said composition being capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place.
wherein the nanocrystalline cellulose will have a crystallinity index of more than 50% and an aspect ratio ranging from 10:1 length to width to 50:1 length to width.
A method for removing the constituents of a biomass into separate streams, where said method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: providing a biomass feedstock comprising: cellulose; hemicellulose; and lignin;
Step 2: exposing said biomass to a first acidic composition comprising an acid selected from the group consisting of: mineral acids; organic acids; modified acids; synthetic acids; and combinations thereof; for a first period of time sufficient to dissolve at least 50% of the hemicellulose present in said biomass;
Step 3: separating and recovering into a first liquid stream, the dissolved hemicellulose from the remaining biomass;
Step 4: exposing the remaining biomass mixture to a modified Caro's acid selected from the group consisting of:
composition A; composition B and Composition C;
wherein said composition A comprises:
sulfuric acid in an amount ranging from 20 to 70 wt % of the total weight of the composition;
a compound comprising an amine moiety and a sulfonic acid moiety selected from the group consisting of: taurine; taurine derivatives; and taurine-related compounds; and
a peroxide;
wherein said composition B comprises:
an alkylsulfonic acid; and
a peroxide; wherein the acid is present in an amount ranging from 40 to 80 wt % of the total weight of the composition and where the peroxide is present in an amount ranging from 10 to 40 wt % of the total weight of the composition;
wherein said composition C comprises:
sulfuric acid;
a compound comprising an amine moiety;
a compound comprising a sulfonic acid moiety; and
a peroxide;
for a first period of time sufficient to dissolve enough of the lignin present in said remaining biomass mixture to obtain a kappa number for the cellulose of less than 5;
for a first period of time sufficient to dissolve enough of the lignin present in said remaining biomass mixture to obtain a kappa number for the cellulose of less than 5;
Step 5: recovering into a second liquid stream the dissolved lignin from the resulting reaction mixture, wherein said solid portion comprises cellulose fibers with, at most, 7.5 wt % hemicellulose.
2244 4 under acidic conditions for a third pre- determined period causing hydrolysis of the cellulose; wherein the nanocrystalline cellulose will have a crystallinity index of more than 50 % and an aspect ratio ranging from 10:1 length to width to 50:1 length to width..
C08J 11/14 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with steam or water
C08B 15/00 - Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose
D21C 1/10 - Physical methods for facilitating impregnation
A method for removing the constituents of a biomass into separate streams, where said method comprises: Step 1: providing a biomass feedstock comprising: cellulose; hemicellulose; and lignin; Step 2: exposing said biomass to a first acidic composition for a period of time sufficient to dissolve at least 50% of the hemicellulose present in said biomass; Step 3: separating and recovering into a first liquid stream, the dissolved hemicellulose from the remaining biomass; Step 4: exposing the remaining biomass mixture to a modified Caro's acid for a period of time sufficient to dissolve enough of the lignin present in said remaining biomass mixture to obtain a kappa number for the cellulose of less than 5; Step 5: recovering into a second liquid stream the dissolved lignin from the resulting reaction mixture, wherein said solid portion comprises cellulose fibers with, at most, 7.5wt% hemicellulose.
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
D21C 3/04 - Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides
78.
PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (NCC)
A process to manufacture nanocrystalline cellulose from cellulose having a low hemicellulose content, said process comprising the steps of: - exposing said cellulose to a microemulsion composition for a first pre-determined period of time, thereby creating a soaked cellulose; - optionally, exposing the soaked cellulose to a sonication step for a second predetermined period of time; and - exposing the resulting mixture to a H202 with FeSO4 or CuSO4 under acidic conditions for a third pre- determined period causing hydrolysis of the cellulose; wherein the nanocrystalline cellulose will have a crystallinity index of more than 50 % and an aspect ratio ranging from 10:1 length to width to 50:1 length to width.
C08B 15/08 - Fractionation of cellulose, e.g. separation of cellulose crystallites
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 11/14 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with steam or water
A method for removing the constituents of a biomass into separate streams, where said method comprises the following steps: Step 1: providing a biomass feedstock comprising: cellulose; hemicellulose; and lignin; Step 2: exposing said biomass to a first acidic composition comprising an acid selected from the group consisting of: mineral acids; organic acids; modified acids; synthetic acids; and combinations thereof; for a first period of time sufficient to dissolve at least 50% of the hemicellulose present in said biomass; Step 3: separating and recovering into a first liquid stream, the dissolved hemicellulose from the remaining biomass; Step 4: exposing the remaining biomass mixture to a modified Caro's acid selected from the group consisting of: - composition A; composition B and Composition C; wherein said composition A comprises: - sulfuric acid in an amount ranging from 20 to 70 wt% of the total weight of the composition; - a compound comprising an amine moiety and a sulfonic acid moiety selected from the group consisting of: taurine; taurine derivatives; and taurine- related compounds; and - a peroxide; wherein said composition B comprises: - an alkylsulfonic acid; and - a peroxide; wherein the acid is present in an amount ranging from 40 to 80 wt% of the total weight of the composition and where the peroxide is present in an amount ranging from 10 to 40 wt% of the total weight of the composition; wherein said composition C comprises: - sulfuric acid; - a compound comprising an amine moiety; - a compound comprising a sulfonic acid moiety; and - a peroxide; for a first period of time sufficient to dissolve enough of the lignin present in said remaining biomass mixture to obtain a kappa number for the cellulose of less than 5; for a first period of time sufficient to dissolve enough of the lignin present in said remaining biomass mixture to obtain a kappa number for the cellulose of less than 5; recovering into a second liquid stream the dissolved lignin from the resulting reaction mixture, wherein said solid portion comprises cellulose fibers with, at most, 7.5wt% hemicellulose.
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
D21C 3/06 - Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides sulfur dioxidePulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides sulfurous acidPulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides bisulfites
A one-pot process to separate lignin from a lignocellulosic feedstock, where the process involves the steps of: providing a vessel; providing the lignocellulosic feedstock; providing a composition that includes: an acid; a modifying agent including a compound containing an amine group; and a peroxide; exposing the lignocellulosic feedstock to the composition in the vessel for a period of time sufficient to remove at least 80% of the lignin present in the lignocellulosic feedstock; and, optionally, separating and removing a liquid phase that includes dissolved lignin fragments from a solid phase containing cellulose fibres.
A method of obtaining ethanol from a lignocellulosic biomass comprises delignification of a lignocellulosic biomass using a modified Caro's acid. Next a solid portion of the delignification reaction mixture is recovered wherein the solid portion comprises a substantially hemicellulose-free cellulosic component which includes at most, up to 15% w/w hemicellulose. Next, the recovered solid portion of the resulting reaction mixture is exposed to an enzyme mix comprising cellulase enzymes to create a saccharification system that breaks down the cellulose into a saccharified composition such as oligosaccharides. The saccharified composition is then fed to an organism, such as yeast, with the ability to ferment sugars into ethanol.
A method of obtaining ethanol from a lignocellulosic biomass where said method comprises the following steps: Step 1: delignification of a lignocellulosic biomass using a modified Caro's acid; Step 2: recovering a solid portion of the delignification reaction mixture, wherein said solid portion comprises a substantially hemicellulose-free cellulosic component which comprises at most, up to 15 % w/w hemicellulose; Step 3: exposing the recovered solid portion of the resulting reaction mixture to an enzyme mix comprising cellulase enzymes to create a saccharification system which breaks down the cellulose into a saccharified composition, e.g., oligosaccharides Step 4: feeding the saccharified composition to an organism, such as yeast, with the ability to ferment sugars into ethanol.
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
A method of obtaining ethanol from a lignocellulosic biomass where said method comprises the following steps:Step 1: delignification of a lignocellulosic biomass using a modified Caro's acid;Step 2: recovering a solid portion of the delignification reaction mixture, wherein said solid portion comprises a substantially hemicellulose-free cellulosic component which comprises at most, up to 15 % w/w hemicellulose;Step 3: exposing the recovered solid portion of the resulting reaction mixture to an enzyme mix comprising cellulase enzymes to create a saccharification system which breaks down the cellulose into a saccharified composition, e.g., oligosaccharidesStep 4: feeding the saccharified composition to an organism, such as yeast, with the ability to ferment sugars into ethanol.
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 11/18 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material
C23C 22/02 - Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using non-aqueous solutions
C23C 22/06 - Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH < 6
A process to increase the amount of methane produced from a bio-digester comprises providing a digester to receive a feed and to capture a biogas composition resulting from bio-digestion. Organic material is added to the digester along with at least one inoculum capable of converting a portion of the organic material into methane under anaerobic conditions. A biomass is provided that is substantially free of lignin in an amount that ranges between 0.1 to 5% w/w of the total feed, the biomass further having another organic material. The biomass is added to the digester. Sufficient time is allowed for the digester to degrade the biomass and the organic material to yield a biogas composition that includes methane. Optionally, the biomass that is substantially free of lignin is added in an amount that ranges between 0.1 to 5% w/w of the total feed of the biomass having the other organic material.
Method for passivating a metallic surface, said method comprising: - providing said metallic surface; - exposing said metallic surface to a modified Caro's acid composition selected from the group consisting of: composition A; composition B and Composition C; wherein said composition A comprises: - sulfuric acid in an amount ranging from 20 to 70 wt% of the total weight of the composition; - a modifier component comprising an amine moiety and a sulfonic acid moiety selected from the group consisting of: taurine; taurine derivatives; and taurine- related compounds; and - a peroxide; wherein said composition B comprises: - an alkylsulfonic acid: and - a peroxide; wherein the acid is present in an amount ranging from 40 to 80 wt% of the total weight of the composition and where the peroxide is present in an amount ranging from 10 to 40 wt% of the total weight of the composition; wherein said composition C comprises: - sulfuric acid; - a two-part modifier component comprising: - a compound comprising an amine moiety; and - a compound comprising a sulfonic acid moiety; and - a peroxide; for a period of time sufficient to coat said metallic surface with a metal oxide film created by the exposure of said metallic surface to said modified Caro's acid composition.
C23C 22/02 - Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using non-aqueous solutions
C23C 22/06 - Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH < 6
A process to increase the amount of methane produced from a bio-digester, said method comprising the steps of: - providing a digester adapted to receive a feed and capture a biogas composition resulting from biodigestion; - adding to said digester at least one organic material and at least one inoculum capable of converting a portion of said at least one organic material into methane under anaerobic conditions; - providing a biomass which is substantially free of lignin in an amount that ranges between 0.1 to 5 % w/w of the total feed, comprising at least one other organic material; - adding said biomass to said digester; - allowing sufficient time for the digester to degrade at least a portion of said biomass and at least a portion of said organic material to yield a biogas composition comprising methane; - optionally, continuously adding said biomass which is substantially free of lignin in an amount that ranges between 0.1 to 5 % w/w of the total feed comprising at least one other organic material; - capturing said biogas composition; and - optionally, storing said biogas.
C02F 11/04 - Anaerobic treatmentProduction of methane by such processes
C12M 1/107 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane
C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
88.
Optimization of chemical consumption in biomass delignification
A process to perform a controlled exothermic delignification of biomass comprises providing a system having a first vessel and a second vessel, providing a biomass comprising lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose fibers placed into the first vessel, providing an aqueous acidic composition comprising a sulfuric acid component, providing a modifier component and providing a peroxide component. The biomass is exposed to the sulfuric acid component and peroxide component, thereby creating a reaction mass. The reaction mass is mixed and the sulfuric acid, modifier and peroxide components are allowed to come into contact with the biomass for a period of time sufficient for a delignification reaction to occur and to remove a predetermined amount of the lignin from the biomass. The predetermined amount is assessed by testing a first kappa number of the biomass. When the first kappa number of the biomass is reached, the biomass is transferred to the second vessel.
A process to perform a controlled exothermic delignification of biomass, said process comprising the steps of: - providing a system comprising at least a first vessel and a second vessel; - providing a biomass comprising lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose fibers into said first vessel; - providing a aqueous acidic composition comprising a sulfuric acid component; - providing a modifier component; - providing a peroxide component; - exposing said biomass to said sulfuric acid component and peroxide component, creating a reaction mass; - mixing said reaction mass; - allowing said sulfuric acid, modifier and peroxide components to come into contact with said biomass for a period of time sufficient to a delignification reaction to occur and remove a pre-determined amount of said lignin from said biomass; wherein said pre-determined amount is assessed by testing a first kappa number, with a suitable apparatus, of the biomass, when said first kappa number of said biomass is reached, the biomass is transferred to said second vessel.
A process to perform a controHed exothermic delignification of biomass, said process comprisingthe steps of:- providing a system comprising at least a first vessel and a second vessel;- providing a biomass comprising lignin, hernicellulose and cellulose fibers into said first vessel;- providing a aqueous acidic composition cornprising a sulfuric acid component:- providing a modifier component;- providing a peroxide component;- exposing said biomass to said sulfuric acid component and peroxide component, creating areaction mass;- mixing said reaction mass;- allowing said sulfuric acid, modifier and peroxide components to come into contact with said biomass for a period of time sufficient to a delignification reaction to occur and remove a pre-determined amount of said lignin from said biornass;wherein said pre-determined amount is assessed by testing a first kappa number, with a suitable apparatus, of the biomass, when said first kappa number of said biomass is reached, the biomass is transferred to said second vessel.
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
A process to increase the arnount of methane produced front a bio-digester, said method cornprising the steps of:- providing a digester adapted to receive a feed and capture a biogas cornposition resulting frorn biodigcstion;- adding to said digester at least one organic material and at least one inoculum capable of converting a portion of said at least one organic material into methane under anaerobic conditions;- providing a biomass which is substantially free of lignin in an amount that ranges between 0.1 to 5 % wfw of the total =feed, cornprising at least one other organic material;- adding said biomass to said digester;- allowing sufficient time for the digester to degrade at least a portion of said biomass and at least a portion of said organic material to yield a biogas composition comprising rnethane;- optionally, continuously adding said biomass which is substantially free of lignin in an aniount that ranges between 0.1 to 5 % wiw of the total feed comprising at least one other organic material;- capturing said biogas composition; and- optionally, storing said biogas.
A modified aqueous acid composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a compound comprising an amine moiety and a sulfonic acid moiety; and a peroxide; wherein sulfuric acid, said compound comprising an amine moiety and a sulfonic acid moiety and said peroxide are present in a molar ratio of no less than 1:1:1. Also disclosed are methods of using such compositions.
244; o at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: urea; lysine; glycine; histidine; arginine; creatine; biuret alkyl urea; alkylsulfonic acid; spraying the modified aqueous acid composition onto said fresh cut hay, thereby yielding an acid-soaked hay; placing an air impermeable barrier between the acid-soaked hay and the surrounding air in to minimize presence (or leakage) of oxygen in the acid-soaked hay; optionally, adding a natural compound so as to increase the pH of the composition prior to being used as animal feed; and allowing fermentation of the acid-soaked hay.
A23K 30/15 - Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
A23K 10/30 - Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hayAnimal feeding-stuffs from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a compound comprising an amine moiety; a compound comprising a sulfonic acid moiety; and a peroxide. Said composition being capable of delignifying biomass.
C07C 309/04 - Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing only one sulfo group
C07C 215/08 - Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and acyclic with only one hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
C07C 215/10 - Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and acyclic with one amino group and at least two hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton
D21C 3/04 - Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts, or acid anhydrides
Method to produce biofuel using a lignin-rich feedstock, said method comprise; - providing a lignin-rich feedstock, wherein said lignin-rich feedstock comprises more than 60 wt% of lignin-based compounds obtained from delignification of biomass, where said lignin-based compounds are selected from the group consisting of: lignin-derived monomers, lignin-derived dimers, lignin-derived oligomers and combinations thereof; - performing a hydrodeoxygenation reaction on said lignin-rich feedstock, wherein the hydrodeoxygenation reaction is carried out in a hydrogen-rich source at a temperature ranging from 300oC to 400oC under a H2 pressure ranging from 15 to 75 bar, more preferably 35 bar, in the presence of a catalyst adapted for HDO reactions, for a period of time sufficient to result in an upgraded oil having a total acid number (TAN) of about 10-35 mg KOH/g and viscosity of 4-30 cP.
C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
A process to prepare an aqueous fertilizer with a high nitrogen content, said process comprising the steps of: - providing a solid material having a high nitrogen content; - providing a live yeast in solution adapted to enzymatically removing nitrogen-containing compounds from said solid; - exposing said solid to said yeast in an aqueous environment, thereby creating a metabolically active culture mixture; - incubating said metabolically active culture; - injecting air in to the metabolically active mixture during said incubating step so as to inhibit the production of ethanol; wherein said metabolically active mixture undergoes said incubating step for a period of time sufficient to result in a nitrogen-fed yeast mixture; - hydrolyzing (by autolysis) the resulting nitrogen-fed yeast mixture for a period of time sufficient to remove nitrogen from said yeast, where the nitrogen removed from said yeast is present in the mixture as dissolved nitrogen.
C05F 17/20 - Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
C12P 1/02 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes by using fungi
A process to make a nitrogen-enhanced yeast-based fertilizer, said process comprising the steps of: - providing a live yeast (BSY) in solution; - exposing said live yeast to a nitrogen-containing compound to a carbohydrate and an enriched nitrogen source such as an amino acid, a protein or the like thereby creating an incubation mixture; - injecting air in to the incubation mixture so as to inhibit the production of ethanol; wherein said incubation mixture undergoes incubation for a period of time sufficient for said yeast to metabolize said nitrogen source and for said yeast to propagate and store the supplied nitrogen source in their vacuoles resulting in a nitrogen-fed yeast mixture; - hydrolyzing (or autolyzing) the resulting nitrogen-fed yeast mixture under specific conditions; and - optionally followed by a dehydration or evaporation step, to meet pre-determined specifications.
C05F 17/20 - Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
A process to hydrolyze cellulose into cellobiose comprising the following steps: - providing a reaction vessel; - providing a Cellulomonas uda (ATCC 491) inoculum; - exposing said Cellulomonas uda (ATCC 491) bacterium to a source of cellulose having a kappa number of less thanin an aqueous medium of pH of about 8 at a temperature ranging from 30 °C to 35 °C for a period of time ranging from 14 to 42 days; - exposing the cellobiose to a bacterium or fungi or yeast, or combination which converts cellobiose to glucose or ethanol.
C08B 1/00 - Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
A process to hydrolyze cellulose into cellobiose comprising the following steps:
providing a reaction vessel;
providing a Cellulomonas uda (ATCC 491) inoculum;
exposing said Cellulomonas uda (ATCC 491) bacterium to a source of cellulose having a kappa number of less than 10 in an aqueous medium of pH of about 8 at a temperature ranging from 30° C. to 35° C. for a period of time ranging from 14 to 42 days;
exposing the cellobiose to a bacterium or fungi or yeast, or combination which converts cellobiose to glucose or ethanol.
A process to hydrolyze cellulose into cellobiose comprising the following steps:- providing a reaction vessel;- providing a Cellulomonas uda (ATCC 491) inoculum;- exposing said Cellulomonas uda (ATCC 491) bacterium to a source of cellulose having a kappa number of less than 10 in an aqueous medium of pH of about 8 at a temperature ranging from 30 C to 35 C for a period of time ranging from 14 to 42 days;- exposing the cellobiose to a bacterium or fungi or yeast, or combination which converts cellobiose to glucose or ethanol.
