Provided is a novel generator for generating a product gas. The generator includes: a first reactor, which generates a product gas by a catalytic reaction of a feed gas and sends out the feed gas and the product gas and which is equipped inside with a plate-type heat exchange surface; a first circulation route, in which a first heat carrier for regulating the temperature inside the first reactor is circulated through the first reactor; a second reactor, which generates a product gas by a catalytic reaction of the feed gas sent from the first reactor and sends out the product gas and which is equipped inside with a tube-type heat exchange surface; and a second circulation route, in which a second heat carrier for regulating the temperature inside the second reactor is circulated through the second reactor.
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
MARTIN GMBH FÜR UMWELT- UND ENERGIETECHNIK (Germany)
HITACHI ZOSEN INOVA AG (Switzerland)
Inventor
Steiner, Christian
Horeni, Martin
Abstract
A method for cleaning a pressure-resistant boiler region (10) with pressure pulses (21), which are produced by a cleaning device (20) and are introduced into the boiler (10) via an outlet opening (22) assigned to the cleaning device (20), wherein, using a control unit (30), a pressure pulse is emitted by the cleaning device (20) into the boiler region (10) at predetermined cleaning intervals to produce pressure pulses, is characterized in that a measured value characterizing the degree of soiling of the boiler is picked up by a sensor (40) and is compared with a predetermined first threshold value, wherein, depending on the correlation of the measured value with the degree of soiling, the cleaning interval is set to a shorter cleaning interval and/or the cleaning energy is set to a higher cleaning energy if the measured value is above or below the first threshold value.
22212222222; wherein the heat from the methanation reactor (111) is transferred to the separation unit (119) with the aid of a heat transfer device (133) comprises a heat exchanger (137) and water as a heat transfer medium (141, 143, 145, 147).
C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
C07C 1/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon
C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
C07C 1/10 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with water vapour
C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
4.
METHOD OF OPERATING AN ELECTROLYZER AND ELECTROLYSIS ARRANGEMENT
A method of operating an electrolyzer including one or more cells stacked within a cell stack, whereby during operation of the electrolyzer, the temperature in one or more locations in the cell stack is indirectly or directly measured, in particular directly by one or more sensors having their sensitive element inserted inside the cell stack.
An electrolyzer of the cell-stack type, including a first and a second end plate having a plurality of axially stapled cells in-between the cell stack, a manifold for electrolyte flow from an electrolyte inlet in one of the end plates, the manifold having a plurality of diverting portions diverting primarily axial electrolyte flow into electrolyte flow primarily in the radial plane, and further having a bypass directing electrolyte flow to one of the diverting portions bypassing another one of the diverting portions which is axially closer to the electrolyte inlet than the one diverting portion.
A structural assembly of a cell of an electrolyzer of the staple-type having a plurality of cells stacked in an axial direction, the structural assembly including a main frame having a mounting surface and a seating surface, a pressure frame arrangement and a membrane arrangement abutting against the seating surface and being sandwiched between main frame and pressure frame arrangement in the axial direction. The common axial extension of the membrane arrangement and the pressure frame arrangement in the assembled state is set by the axial distance between the seating surface and the mounting surface and is reached by an axial pressure force applied in the assembly process, whereby the reduction of the common axial extension is predominantly provided by an axial extension reduction of the pressure frame arrangement.
Method for classifying a process state of a biogas digester based on at least one process variable of a biogas plant, the method comprising the steps of: a) Measuring a set of values of at least one process variable of a biogas digester; b) Providing a model that monitors the stability of the biogas digester, wherein the model is trained with a dataset comprising historical data of the digester of the biogas plant, the historical data including the at least one process variable; c) Implementing the measured set of values of the process variable of step a) into the model of step b) with the aid of a data processing unit; d) Identifying whether an outlier occurs in the set of values of step a), after implementing the at least one process variable into the model; e) Classifying a process state indicative of the stability of the biogas digester based on the presence or absence of the identified outlier of step d) with the aid of the data processing unit.
Method for object detection based on size in the waste pit of a waste treatment plant comprising the steps of: a) Collecting an image of waste in a waste pit of a waste treatment plant using a camera and transferring the image to a data processing unit; b) Identifying an individual object in the image using an algorithm for segmentation; c) Determining the size of the identified individual object; d) Comparing the size of the identified individual waste object with a threshold value and; e) Classifying whether the object is a bulky waste object or not.
G06V 10/26 - Segmentation of patterns in the image fieldCutting or merging of image elements to establish the pattern region, e.g. clustering-based techniquesDetection of occlusion
The invention relates to a pressure electrolyser (100) having a cell stack (10) comprising a plurality of electrolysis cells (12), and a pressure vessel (18) which is sealed from the ambient pressure and in which the cell stack is arranged. An internal seal (14) is arranged between two cell frames. The electrolysis cells (12) are clamped between a first stack end plate (22) and a further stack end plate (24). The pressure vessel has a pressure-resistant housing body (20), as well as the first stacking end plate (22) as top surface and the further stacking end plate (24) as base surface. At least one of the first stack end plate (22) or the further stack end plate (24) has an axial end plate projection (28), wherein an external seal (26) is clamped in the radial direction (Y) between the housing body (20) and a sealing section of the end plate projection (28). The sealing section has a cross-section which is inscribed in the cross-section of the working section and projects into the working section. The end plate projection (28) has a punch surface (23), which pushes the cell stack (10) in the axial direction (X).
The present application relates to a grate line bordering element (11) for a combustion grate for burning waste, comprising a channel element (15) and a channel covering (17) for covering the channel element (15) comprising at least one covering element (21, 23) and one termination element (25) with a locking device; wherein the termination element (25) has a support surface which points away from the channel element (15) and a first engaging element which is oriented towards the covering element (21, 23); the covering element (21, 23) has a support surface which points away from the channel element (15), a retaining element which is oriented towards the channel element (15), a second engaging element which is oriented towards the termination element (25) and is configured to receive the first engaging element, and a cut-out which is oriented towards the termination element (25) for receiving the locking device of the closure element (25); and wherein the locking device is configured in such a way that it locks the termination element (25) releasably in the channel element (15).
A method of operating an electrolyzer system, including an alkali lye circulating in the system, whereby a lye-related property is determined and further process control is subject to possible change in dependency of an evaluation of the determined property. The property includes the lye concentration which is in particular automatically detected and a lye refilling operation is in particular effected automatically in dependency of the detected concentration, and/or the property includes at least one visually inspectable parameter of the lye and/or lye flow, which is, in particular automatically and in particular during operation of the electrolyzer, detected by visual inspection of the lye/lye flow. An operation condition of the electrolyzer system is determined on the basis of the evaluation.
The present application relates to a system or method for removing solid particulates and/or gaseous components from a flue gas, the system comprises two or more filter chambers (10) comprising a plurality of filter bags, each filter bag having a filter surface at which particulates are separated from a flue gas stream passing through the filter surface; at least one header tank comprising cleaning air at a controlled pressure, the header tank being connected to a cleaning air supply and being in fluid communication with at least one flow valve; and a first controller configured to control opening and closing of the flow valve in response to a data input indicating a differential pressure across all filter chambers of the system has reached a predetermined setpoint. The system uses the first or a second controller to control a residence time of the flue gas by an adjustment of: i. the pressure of the cleaning air in the header tank based on a measured time between two consecutive pulses to maintain a constant average residence time of the flue gas across all filter chambers; and/or ii. each filter chamber's individual cleaning frequency based on measured values of differential pressure and gas flow per chamber to balance the residence time of the flue gas across all filter chambers within the filter system.
B01D 46/44 - Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration
B01D 46/58 - Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in parallel
B01D 46/71 - Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter by acting counter-currently on the filtering surface, e.g. by flushing on the non-cake side of the filter with pressurised gas, e.g. pulsed air
13.
METHOD OF OPERATING AN ELECTROLYZER OF THE CELL-STACK TYPE AND ELECTROLYZER ARRANGEMENT
A method of operating an electrolyzer of the cell-stack type, wherein the respective cell voltage of at least two different cells of the cell-stack is measured, wherein the at least two cells are fixedly wired such as to allow automated measuring and wherein measuring signals from the wiring allocated for measurement of at least two different cells are, by an in particular automatic switching, channeled time-shifted with respect to each other via a common wiring path segment.
222222222-loaded absorption means. Thereafter, the exhaust gas stream is discharged from the desorption apparatus and the at least partially regenerated absorption means is transported from the desorption apparatus into the absorption apparatus.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
15.
FASTENING APPARATUS FOR A CLEANING DEVICE BASED ON INTRODUCING HIGH-AMPLITUDE PRESSURE WAVES
MARTIN GMBH FÜR UMWELT- UND ENERGIETECHNIK (Germany)
HITACHI ZOSEN INOVA AG (Switzerland)
Inventor
Hangartner, Marc Peter
Müller, Paul
Iseli, Marco Daniel
Abstract
A fastening apparatus for a cleaning device based on introducing high-amplitude pressure waves by means of a hollow-cylindrical nozzle (19) into a boiler to be cleaned through an opening in the boiler wall (20) has a cleaning device housing body (10) which is fastenable to the boiler wall (10) with the aid of a boiler-side fastening flange (30, 32), wherein the longitudinal direction of the hollow-cylindrical nozzle (19) is concentric with respect to the opening in the boiler wall (20) and is orthogonal to the boiler axis. A series of damping elements (50) are arranged at regular angular distances around the hollow-cylindrical nozzle (19) in the longitudinal direction thereof and are each fastened at one free end to the boiler-side fastening flange (30, 32) and at the other free end in each case to the housing body (10) such that, when said high-amplitude pressure wave is triggered in the cleaning device, the housing body (10) thereof is held back resiliently pointing away from the boiler in the longitudinal direction and can be brought back into the starting position.
F28D 15/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat-pipes
16.
FASTENING APPARATUS FOR A CLEANING DEVICE BASED ON INTRODUCING HIGH-AMPLITUDE PRESSURE WAVES
MARTIN GMBH FUR UMWELT- UND ENERGIETECHNIK (Germany)
HITACHI, ZOSEN INOVA AG (Switzerland)
Inventor
Hangartner, Marc Peter
Muller, Paul
Iseli, Marco Daniel
Abstract
A fastening apparatus for a cleaning device based on introducing high-amplitude pressure waves by means of a hollow-cylindrical nozzle (19) into a boiler to be cleaned through an opening in the boiler wall (20) has a cleaning device housing body (10) which is fastenable to the boiler wall (10) with the aid of a boiler-side fastening flange (30, 32), wherein the longitudinal direction of the hollow-cylindrical nozzle (19) is concentric with respect to the opening in the boiler wall (20) and is orthogonal to the boiler axis. A series of damping elements (50) are arranged at regular angular distances around the hollow-cylindrical nozzle (19) in the longitudinal direction thereof and are each fastened at one free end to the boiler-side fastening flange (30, 32) and at the other free end in each case to the housing body (10) such that, when said high-amplitude pressure wave is triggered in the cleaning device, the housing body (10) thereof is held back resiliently pointing away from the boiler in the longitudinal direction and can be brought back into the starting position.
F28D 15/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat-pipes
17.
METHOD OF REMOVING DEPOSITS FROM A SURFACE OF A HEAT EXCHANGER
Method of removing deposits from a heat exchanger surface (50) arranged in a boiler system, comprising the steps of: - applying a cleaning excitation force to the heat exchanger surface (50) to induce cleaning vibrations to remove deposits; characterized by a step of detecting deposits on the heat exchanger surface (50) comprising the steps of: - applying a detection excitation force to the heat exchanger surface (50) to induce detection vibrations of the heat exchanger surface; - measuring amplitudes and frequencies of the detection vibrations; - estimating their deviation from reference amplitudes and frequencies of the heat exchanger surface (50); - assessing the presence of deposits (40) by means of the deviations; - determining a deposit region (100b) on which deposits must be removed; and by a step of choosing the cleaning excitation force that induce a deflection maximum of the cleaning vibrations at least in the deposit region (50).
B08B 7/02 - Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by distortion, beating, or vibration of the surface to be cleaned
MARTIN GMBH FUR UMWELT - UND ENERGIETECHNIK (Germany)
HITACHI, ZOSEN INOVA AG (Switzerland)
Inventor
Hangartner, Marc Peter
Limacher-Lehner, Daniela
Abstract
A protection device for a boiler access point comprises a fan (10), a pressure sensor (20) and a check valve (30), wherein the fan (10) is connected, by means of an access point (5), to the surroundings in order to draw in ambient air, the pressure sensor (20) is connected downstream of the fan by means of a gas-tight connection (6), and a check valve (30) is connected downstream of the pressure sensor by means of an additional gas-tight connection (7). A control unit connected to the pressure sensor (20) has a data store, in which at least a lower first threshold value and a higher second threshold value for pressure values are stored. The existence of a malfunction can be detected by means of the control unit when a pressure sensor signal measured by the pressure sensor (20) and transferred to the control unit lies below the first threshold value or above the second threshold value.
MARTIN GMBH FÜR UMWELT- UND ENERGIETECHNIK (Germany)
HITACHI ZOSEN INOVA AG (Switzerland)
Inventor
Hangartner, Marc Peter
Limacher-Lehner, Daniela
Abstract
A protection device for a boiler access point comprises a fan (10), a pressure sensor (20) and a check valve (30), wherein the fan (10) is connected, by means of an access point (5), to the surroundings in order to draw in ambient air, the pressure sensor (20) is connected downstream of the fan by means of a gas-tight connection (6), and a check valve (30) is connected downstream of the pressure sensor by means of an additional gas-tight connection (7). A control unit connected to the pressure sensor (20) has a data store, in which at least a lower first threshold value and a higher second threshold value for pressure values are stored. The existence of a malfunction can be detected by means of the control unit when a pressure sensor signal measured by the pressure sensor (20) and transferred to the control unit lies below the first threshold value or above the second threshold value.
In order to develop a helical screw conveyor unit (100) in such a way that the helical screw conveyor unit (100) can be maintained with little maintenance outlay, said helical screw conveyor unit being designed as an exchangeable element for a helix (240), wound in a screw-like or spiral-like manner, of a screw shaft (200) of a screw extruder and comprising a main body (10) having a helical element (30) wound in a screw-like manner, according to the invention: - the upper side (16) of the lateral face is concavely bent like a shell about the longitudinal axis (L) and the main body (10) comprises a radial opening (20) through which a fastening region (40) of a shaft (230) of the screw shaft (200) is intended to be guided; - the helical element (30) has at most a half helix rotation; - the lateral face of the main body (10) has an inner face (18) designed to rest against the fastening region (40); and - the helical screw conveyor unit (100) comprises at least one fastening element (34) designed to releasably fasten the main body (10) to the fastening region (40).
C02F 11/121 - Treatment of sludgeDevices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
C02F 11/125 - Treatment of sludgeDevices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using screw filters
B30B 9/12 - Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
B65G 33/14 - Screw or rotary spiral conveyors for fluent solid materials comprising a screw or screws enclosed in a tubular housing
B65G 33/24 - Screw or rotary spiral conveyors Details
B65G 53/08 - Gas pressure systems operating without fluidisation of the materials with mechanical injection of the materials, e.g. by screw
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
In order to develop a helical screw conveyor unit (100) in such a way that the helical screw conveyor unit (100) can be maintained with little maintenance outlay, said helical screw conveyor unit being designed as an exchangeable element for a helix (240), wound in a screw-like or spiral-like manner, of a screw shaft (200) of a screw extruder and comprising a main body (10) having a helical element (30) wound in a screw-like manner, according to the invention: - the upper side (16) of the lateral face is concavely bent like a shell about the longitudinal axis (L) and the main body (10) comprises a radial opening (20) through which a fastening region (40) of a shaft (230) of the screw shaft (200) is intended to be guided; - the helical element (30) has at most a half helix rotation; - the lateral face of the main body (10) has an inner face (18) designed to rest against the fastening region (40); and - the helical screw conveyor unit (100) comprises at least one fastening element (34) designed to releasably fasten the main body (10) to the fastening region (40).
B30B 9/12 - Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
B65G 53/08 - Gas pressure systems operating without fluidisation of the materials with mechanical injection of the materials, e.g. by screw
C02F 11/121 - Treatment of sludgeDevices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
The invention relates to an electrolyzer of the cell-stack type, comprising a first and a second end plate having a plurality of axially stapled cells in-between the cell stack, a manifold for electrolyte flow from an electrolyte inlet in one of the end plates, said manifold comprising a plurality of diverting portions diverting primarily axial electrolyte flow into electrolyte flow primarily in the radial plane, and further having a bypass directing electrolyte flow to one of the diverting portions bypassing another one of said diverting portions which is axially closer to the electrolyte inlet than said one diverting portion.
The invention relates to an electrolyzer of the cell-stack type, comprising a first and a second end plate having a plurality of axially stapled cells in-between the cell stack, a manifold for electrolyte flow from an electrolyte inlet in one of the end plates, said manifold comprising a plurality of diverting portions diverting primarily axial electrolyte flow into electrolyte flow primarily in the radial plane, and further having a bypass directing electrolyte flow to one of the diverting portions bypassing another one of said diverting portions which is axially closer to the electrolyte inlet than said one diverting portion.
The invention relates to a structural assembly of a cell of an electrolyzer of the staple-type having a plurality of cells stacked in an axial direction, the structural assembly comprising a main frame having a mounting surface and a seating surface, a pressure frame arrangement and a membrane arrangement abutting against the seating surface and being sandwiched between main frame and pressure frame arrangement in the axial direction, wherein the common axial extension of the membrane arrangement and the pressure frame arrangement in the assembled state is set by the axial distance between the seating surface and the mounting surface and is reached by an axial pressure force applied in the assembly process, whereby the reduction of the common axial extension is predominantly provided by an axial extension reduction of the pressure frame arrangement.
The invention relates to a structural assembly of a cell of an electrolyzer of the staple-type having a plurality of cells stacked in an axial direction, the structural assembly comprising a main frame having a mounting surface and a seating surface, a pressure frame arrangement and a membrane arrangement abutting against the seating surface and being sandwiched between main frame and pressure frame arrangement in the axial direction, wherein the common axial extension of the membrane arrangement and the pressure frame arrangement in the assembled state is set by the axial distance between the seating surface and the mounting surface and is reached by an axial pressure force applied in the assembly process, whereby the reduction of the common axial extension is predominantly provided by an axial extension reduction of the pressure frame arrangement.
The invention relates to a method of operating an electrolyzer of the cell-stack type, wherein the respective cell voltage of at least two different cells of the cell-stack is measured, wherein said at least two cells are fixedly wired such as to allow automated measuring and that measuring signals from the wiring allocated for measurement of at least two different cells are, by an in particular automatic switching, channelled time-shifted with respect to each other via a common wiring path segment.
The invention relates to a method of operating an electrolyzer of the cell-stack type, wherein the respective cell voltage of at least two different cells of the cell-stack is measured, wherein said at least two cells are fixedly wired such as to allow automated measuring and that measuring signals from the wiring allocated for measurement of at least two different cells are, by an in particular automatic switching, channelled time-shifted with respect to each other via a common wiring path segment.
The invention relates to a method of operating an electrolyzer comprising one or more cells stacked within a cell stack, whereby during operation of the electrolyzer, the temperature in one or more locations in the cell stack is indirectly or directly measured, in particular directly by one or more sensors having their sensitive element inserted inside the cell stack.
The invention relates to a method of operating an electrolyzer comprising one or more cells stacked within a cell stack, whereby during operation of the electrolyzer, the temperature in one or more locations in the cell stack is indirectly or directly measured, in particular directly by one or more sensors having their sensitive element inserted inside the cell stack.
The invention relates to a method of operating an electrolyzer system, comprising an alkali lye circulating in the system, whereby a lye-related property is determined and further process control is subject to possible change in dependency of an evaluation of the determined property, wherein the property comprises the lye concentration which is in particular automatically detected and a lye refilling operation is in particular effected automatically in dependency of the detected concentration, and/or wherein the property comprises one or more visually inspectable parameter of the lye and/or lye flow, which is/are, in particular automatically and in particular during operation of the electrolyzer, detected by visual inspection of the lye/lye flow and wherein an operation condition of the electrolyzer system is determined on the basis of said evaluation.
The invention relates to a method of operating an electrolyzer system, comprising an alkali lye circulating in the system, whereby a lye-related property is determined and further process control is subject to possible change in dependency of an evaluation of the determined property, wherein the property comprises the lye concentration which is in particular automatically detected and a lye refilling operation is in particular effected automatically in dependency of the detected concentration, and/or wherein the property comprises one or more visually inspectable parameter of the lye and/or lye flow, which is/are, in particular automatically and in particular during operation of the electrolyzer, detected by visual inspection of the lye/lye flow and wherein an operation condition of the electrolyzer system is determined on the basis of said evaluation.
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C25B 9/00 - Cells or assemblies of cellsConstructional parts of cellsAssemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assembliesProcess-related cell features
C25B 15/025 - Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production of electrolyte parameters
The invention relates to a process for removing CO2 from a methane- contain ng gas, having the steps of providing a methane- containing gas (103) containing at least CO2 as an impurity, cool i ng t he gas (103) 10 remove CO2 from the methane containing gas (103) by freezing out same, and additionally reducing the CO2 concentration of the gas (103) using a pressure temperature swing adsorption apparatus ( PTSA) (111), whereby a methane- enriched product gas (117) is obtained. At least a part (127) of the product gas (117) is then used as treatment gas (129) and is passed through the PTSA (111) for treatment of the PTSA (ill), whereby CO2 is absorbed by the treatment gas (129) and is removed from the PTSA (111) as a CO2- enriched treatment gas (133). The treatment gas (133) is then recycled and admixed with the methane- containing gas (103).
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
F25J 3/06 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
33.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A HYDROGEN-CONTAINING PRODUCT GAS USING ENERGY FROM WASTE
The invention describes a process and a system for producing a hydrogen-containing product gas (44, 45) using energy from waste. The process comprises the steps of feeding waste (12) from a waste supply (10) to a boiler (22) of a waste incinerator; combusting said waste (12) to produce heat, supplying a methane comprising gas (30) from a gas supply and steam (36) from a steam supply (34) to a reactor (32) of a steam reforming unit; providing heat produced in the boiler (22) to the reactor (32) of the steam reforming unit; and producing a product gas (44, 45) comprising hydrogen by the reaction of methane comprising gas (30) and steam (36) supported by heat provided by the combustion of waste (12) in the boiler (22).
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C12P 3/00 - Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide
F23G 5/00 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels
34.
METHOD FOR REMOVING CO2 FROM A METHANE-CONTAINING GAS
2222222-enriched preparation gas (133). The preparation gas (133) conducted through the PTSA (111) is then mixed with the methane-containing gas (103).
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
F25J 3/06 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
The invention describes methods for cleaning a gas mixture. In a first step a) a gas mixture is provided, the gas mixture comprising a gas selected from the group consisting of a methane-containing biogas (3, 7) which is obtained by fermentation of organic material and which has a methane concentration of at least 40 vol.% and a pyrolysis gas which is obtained by thermal treatment of organic material and which has a carbon monoxide concentration of at least 2 vol.% or a combination thereof. The gas mixture also comprises an impurity from the group of volatile organic compounds (VOC), the gas mixture having a VOC concentration of 0.0001 to 0.2 vol.%. In a second step b), 0.0001 to 12 vol.% ozone is added to the gas mixture, which ozone oxidizes at least part of the VOC in the gas mixture. In a third step d), the gas mixture from the second step is brought into contact with a VOC-adsorbing adsorber selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, activated coke, silica gel, aluminum oxide, molecular sieve and mixtures thereof, in order to clean the gas mixture.
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
B01D 53/72 - Organic compounds not provided for in groups , e.g. hydrocarbons
B01D 53/76 - Gas phase processes, e.g. by using aerosols
The invention relates to a cooled grate block (1) as part of a grate for a system for thermally treating waste, comprising: a block body (3) in the form of a cast part having an outer supporting face (7) for the waste to be treated; a flat cavity (50) situated directly below the supporting face (7), for receiving a cooling fluid; a fluid feed line (52) and a fluid discharge line (54), which are connected to the cavity (50); at least one deflection element (66), which is arranged in the cavity (50) to direct a cooling fluid within the cavity (50) from the fluid feed line (52) to the fluid discharge line (54); and a valve element (74) situated in the end region (11) of the cavity (50), for distributing the cooling fluid fed into the cavity (50) through the fluid feed line (52).
The invention describes a grate block (1) as part of a grate for a plant for the thermal treatment of waste, comprising a block body (3) formed as a cast part with a rear end (5) and a front end (7) that lies opposite the rear end (5) in the conveying direction F. Furthermore, the block body (3) comprises an upper wall (4) which forms an outer rear bearing surface (11), running at least in part parallel to a longitudinal axis L of the block body, for the waste that is to be treated, wherein the bearing surface defines a substantially horizontal plane (23). The block body (3)further comprises a raised nose (13) arranged in the region of the front end (7), which nose has an outer front bearing surface (15) with a middle part (27) that rises in the manner of a ramp in the conveying direction F. Furthermore, the raised nose (13) comprises, following the outer front bearing surface (15), an apex (17) and, after the apex (17) in the conveying direction F, a declining end portion (19) with a dischargesurface (21) that drops away in a substantially arcuate manner.
F23H 1/02 - Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form part of the grate structure or serve as supports
F23H 7/08 - Inclined grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
The invention relates to a cooled grate block (1) as part of a grate for a system for thermally treating waste, comprising: a block body (3) in the form of a cast part having an outer supporting face (7) for the waste to be treated; a flat cavity (50) situated directly below the supporting face (7), for receiving a cooling fluid; a fluid feed line (52) and a fluid discharge line (54), which are connected to the cavity (50); at least one deflection element (66), which is arranged in the cavity (50) to direct a cooling fluid within the cavity (50) from the fluid feed line (52) to the fluid discharge line (54); and a valve element (74) situated in the end region (11) of the cavity (50), for distributing the cooling fluid fed into the cavity (50) through the fluid feed line (52).
The invention describes a grate block (1) as part of a grate for a plant for the thermal treatment of waste, comprising a block body (3) formed as a cast part with a rear end (5) and a front end (7) that lies opposite the rear end (5) in the conveying direction F. Furthermore, the block body (3) comprises an upper wall (4) which forms an outer rear bearing surface (11), running at least in part parallel to a longitudinal axis L of the block body, for the waste that is to be treated, wherein the bearing surface defines a substantially horizontal plane (23). The block body (3) further comprises a raised nose (13) arranged in the region of the front end (7), which nose has an outer front bearing surface (15) with a middle part (27) that rises in the manner of a ramp in the conveying direction F. Furthermore, the raised nose (13) comprises, following the outer front bearing surface (15), an apex (17) and, after the apex (17) in the conveying direction F, a declining end portion (19) with a discharge surface (21) that drops away in a substantially arcuate manner.
F23H 1/02 - Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form part of the grate structure or serve as supports
F23H 7/08 - Inclined grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
A fixed bed arrangement formed as an insert for a reactor for catalytic conversion of reaction media, in particular for catalytic methanation of a gas mixture including hydrogen and carbon dioxide, having a receiving chamber, which extends axially within an outer sleeve, and through which reaction media flows during the reactor operation for receiving a catalyst material, and a heat exchanger arrangement having a fluid flow path for a temperature control fluid, which fluid flow path is spatially separated from the receiving chamber, for removing and supplying heat from/to the process. The outer sleeve is formed by the heat exchanger arrangement, at least in regions. The fixed bed arrangement includes a reactor for the catalytic reaction of reaction media having a pressure chamber for receiving reaction media, and such a fixed bed arrangement inserted into the pressure chamber.
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
41.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING PRESSURE WAVES OF HIGH AMPLITUDE
MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik (Germany)
Hitachi Zosen Inova AG (Switzerland)
Inventor
Müller, Paul
Herz, Harald
Abstract
A device for generating pressure waves of high amplitude, in particular for boiler cleaning, has a pressure-resistant container (21, 40) with a combustion chamber (121) inserted therein, which can be filled with a flowable burn-off material via supply lines. The pressure-resistant container has a discharge opening (306) for the directional discharge of gas pressure generated by ignition of the combustible material. A piston (70) closes the discharge opening, can release it for directional discharge and can be pushed back into the initial position by a spring device. With respect to its longitudinal direction (305), the seat of the piston (70) has a piston surface (302) inclined obliquely to the discharge opening (306), which is arranged opposite a housing surface (303) also inclined obliquely to the discharge opening (306), the housing surface (303) opening opposite the piston surface (302) at an angle (304) oriented towards the discharge opening (306) from a closure line (65) oriented perpendicularly to the piston direction (90).
The invention relates to a grate block (10) for a combustion grate, in which consecutive grate blocks are arranged one over the other in the manner of a staircase and are designed to rearrange and convey the combustible material during combustion by means of pushing motions performed in relation to each other. The grate block (10) comprises a block body (12) which has an upper wall (14) forming a bearing surface (16), along which wall the combustible material is to be conveyed, and a front wall (20) forming a push surface (22), wherein the front wall (20) has first air supply openings (25), which are formed in each case by a first air supply channel (27) for feeding air to the combustion grate, and a lower bearing edge (23) which is intended to come into contact with the bearing surface of a grate block that is adjacent in the pushing direction S. Further air supply channels (38), which traverse and are directed obliquely with respect to the direction of the first air supply channels, are arranged in the upper wall (14) and in the front wall (20) for cooling the upper and the front wall (20).
The invention relates to a grate block (10) for a combustion grate. The grate block (10) comprises a block body (12) having an upper wall (14) which forms a bearing surface (16) and along which the combustible material is to be conveyed and a front wall (20) which has a lower bearing edge (23), said bearing edge (23) being designed to come into contact with the bearing surface of an adjacent grate block in a feed direction S, wherein the upper wall (14) has an air supply opening (35) formed by an air supply channel (38). The air supply opening (35) is at least partially surrounded by a thickened portion (50) which protrudes from the bearing surface (16), forms a protective channel (57) extending the air supply channel (38), and is designed to prevent liquid from flowing into the air supply opening (35).
F23H 7/08 - Inclined grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
F23H 1/02 - Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form part of the grate structure or serve as supports
The invention relates to a grate block (10) for a combustion grate, in which consecutive grate blocks are arranged one over the other in the manner of a staircase and are designed to rearrange and convey the combustible material during combustion by means of pushing motions performed in relation to each other. The grate block (10) comprises a block body (12) which has an upper wall (14) forming a bearing surface (16), along which wall the combustible material is to be conveyed, and a front wall (20) forming a push surface (22), wherein the front wall (20) has first air supply openings (25), which are formed in each case by a first air supply channel (27) for feeding air to the combustion grate, and a lower bearing edge (23) which is intended to come into contact with the bearing surface of a grate block that is adjacent in the pushing direction S. Further air supply channels (38), which traverse and are directed obliquely with respect to the direction of the first air supply channels, are arranged in the upper wall (14) and in the front wall (20) for cooling the upper and the front wall (20).
The invention relates to a grate block (10) for a combustion grate. The grate block (10) comprises a block body (12) having an upper wall (14) which forms a bearing surface (16) and along which the combustible material is to be conveyed and a front wall (20) which has a lower bearing edge (23), said bearing edge (23) being designed to come into contact with the bearing surface of an adjacent grate block in a feed direction S, wherein the upper wall (14) has an air supply opening (35) formed by an air supply channel (38). The air supply opening (35) is at least partially surrounded by a thickened portion (50) which protrudes from the bearing surface (16), forms a protective channel (57) extending the air supply channel (38), and is designed to prevent liquid from flowing into the air supply opening (35).
F23H 7/08 - Inclined grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
F23H 1/02 - Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form part of the grate structure or serve as supports
An anaerobic biogas plant comprising a digester for the digestion of fresh organic digestion substrate, said digester having an entry section with an inlet at a first end, a rear section at a second, opposite end, and a middle section arranged between the entry section and the rear section. The digester further includes a stirring unit comprising a shaft extending in the direction from the first end to the second end and having at least one agitating arm for mixing the substrate within the digester. The middle section of the digester includes a main outlet and the rear section includes an additional outlet. The digester further includes a separate return line leading from the additional outlet back to the entry section of the digester for allowing a direct return of a minor fraction of digested substrate removed from the rear section back into the entry section of the digester.
C05F 17/00 - Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
C05F 17/50 - Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
C05F 17/957 - Apparatus therefor using two or more serially arranged devices
C05F 17/971 - Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging material to be treatedConstructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging other material
C12M 1/06 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with gas introduction means with agitator, e.g. impeller
C12M 1/107 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane
An anaerobic biogas plant comprising a digester for the digestion of fresh organic digestion substrate, said digester having an entry section with an inlet at a first end, a rear section at a second, opposite end, and a middle section arranged between the entry section and the rear section. The digester further includes a stirring unit comprising a shaft extending in the direction from the first end to the second end and having at least one agitating arm for mixing the substrate within the digester. The middle section of the digester includes a main outlet and the rear section includes an additional outlet. The digester further includes a separate return line leading from the additional outlet back to the entry section of the digester for allowing a direct return of a minor fraction of digested substrate removed from the rear section back into the entry section of the digester.
C05F 17/00 - Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
C05F 17/50 - Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
C05F 17/957 - Apparatus therefor using two or more serially arranged devices
C05F 17/971 - Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging material to be treatedConstructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging other material
C12M 1/107 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane
C12M 1/06 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with gas introduction means with agitator, e.g. impeller
The present invention relates to a biogas plant (10) including a fermenter (12), a biogas processing unit (16) and a thermal engine (19). The biogas processing unit (16) includes a gas separation unit (32) and a compression unit (33) for the separation of raw biogas (26) from the fermenter (12) into two gas streams, whereby the first gas stream includes a product gas (28) that is enriched in biomethane with respect to the composition of the raw biogas (26) and the second gas stream includes a residual gas (30) that is enriched with carbon dioxide with respect to the composition of the raw biogas (26) and has a biomethane concentration of less than 20%. The thermal engine (19) produces energy (39) that is used for operation of the compression unit (33).
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
C12M 1/107 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
The invention relates to a fixed bed arrangement in the form of an insert for a reactor for the catalytic conversion of reaction media, in particular for the catalytic methanation of a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide, having a receiving chamber, which extends along an axial direction within an outer sleeve, and through which reaction media flows during the reactor operation for receiving a catalyst material, and a heat exchanger arrangement having a fluid flow path for a temperature control fluid, which fluid flow path is spatially separated from the receiving chamber, for removing and supplying heat from/to the process. The outer sleeve is formed by the heat exchanger arrangement, at least in regions. Said fixed bed arrangement further comprises a reactor for the catalytic reaction of reaction media, in particular for the catalytic methanation of a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide, having a pressure chamber for receiving reaction media, and such a fixed bed arrangement inserted into the pressure chamber.
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
51.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR GENERATING HIGH AMPLITUDE PRESSURE WAVES
MARTIN GMBH FUR UMWELT- UND ENERGIETECHNIK (Germany)
RUEGG, HANS (Switzerland)
HITACHI ZOSEN INOVA AG (Switzerland)
Inventor
Muller, Paul
Herz, Harald
Abstract
A device for producing pressure waves of high amplitude, in particular for cleaning boilers, has a pressure-tight vessel (21, 40) comprising a burning chamber (121) introduced therein, which can be filled via feed lines with a flowable material that can be burned. The pressure-tight vessel has a discharge opening (306) for the directed discharge of gas pressure produced by ignition of the burnable material. A piston (70) closes the discharge opening, can release it for directed discharge and can be returned to the starting position by a spring means. The seat of the piston (70), with respect to its longitudinal direction (305), has a piston surface (302) which is inclined obliquely with respect to the discharge opening (306) and is arranged opposite a housing surface which is inclined likewise obliquely with respect to the discharge opening (306), wherein the housing surface (303) opposite the piston surface (302) opens with an angle (304) oriented towards the discharge opening (306) proceeding from a closure line (65) oriented perpendicular to the piston direction (90).
The Invention relates to a process for optimizing the operation of a plug-flow fermenter for the anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes. The plug- flow fermenter comprises a horizontally oriented fermenter tank and a stirrer, which stirrer comprises a stirrer shaft which traverses the interior of the fermenter tank in an axial manner and multiple paddles which are arranged on the stirrer shaft and protrude radially and also a drive. The fermentation material is moved in the fermenter tank by means of the stirrer. At least one parameter characteristic of the particular operating state of the plug- flow fermenter is measured. The particular measurement value Aactual obtained is compared with a predefined nominal value Anominal = Depending on the deviation of the measurement value Aactual from the nominal value Anorninalr the rotational speed of the stirrer shaft, the rotational direction of the stirrer shaft and/or the dry-substance portion of the fermentation material is adjusted.
A method generates superheated steam using heat generated in a boiler of an incineration plant. The pre-superheated steam being fed to a final superheater which is present in the form of a plurality of final superheater pipes, through which the pre¼ superheated steam is guided and is finally superheated. The final superheater pipes being arranged at least partially in a cavity which is configured in an interior of a wall element of the boiler and/or of a bulkhead arranged in the boiler. The cavity is closed off on the boiler side at least partially by way of a refractory material layer and is flowed over by flue gas released during the combustion. A secondary medium flows through the cavity which is heated via heat transfer from the flue gas via the refractory material layer. The heated secondary medium is fed via a secondary medium feed line to a secondary heat exchanger.
The present invention relates to a process for the anaerobic fermentation of biogenic waste materials and to a plant for carrying out the process. According to the process, press water (PW) obtained in dewatering, before recirculation into the fermenter, is subjected to a solids separation, where a residual liquid (RF; F) having a dry matter proportion reduced with respect to the press water (PW) of at most 15% by weight is obtained. The process can help ensure good transportability of the fermentation material and at the same time permit the amount of waste water produced in the process to be minimized.
A62D 3/02 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by biological methods, i.e. processes using enzymes or microorganisms
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
C12N 1/00 - Microorganisms, e.g. protozoaCompositions thereofProcesses of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereofProcesses of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganismCulture media therefor
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
The invention relates to a grate block (10) for a combustion grate, in which consecutive grate blocks are arranged one over the other in the manner of a staircase and are designed to rearrange and convey the combustible material during combustion by means of pushing motions performed in relation to each other. The grate block (10) comprises a block body (12), which is formed as a casting and comprises an upper wall (14), which forms a supporting surface (16), which extends at least partially parallel to a longitudinal axis L of the block body and along which the combustible material should be conveyed and the end of which that is foremost in the pushing direction S forms a margin (19), by means of which the supporting surface (16) drops into a pushing surface (22) formed by a front wall (20). The front wall (20) has at least one air supply opening (38) for supplying air to the combustion grate, which air supply opening extends at a right angle or at a slant to the pushing surface (22) when viewed in a longitudinal section. In the lowest region (32) of the front wall, the front wall has the form of a foot (34), which is intended to lie on the supporting surface of a grate block that is adjacent in the pushing direction (S). At least the front resting edge (23) of the pushing surface (22) is arranged in a plane E extending substantially at a right angle to the longitudinal axis L. The grate block is characterized in that the margin (19) is frontally offset from the plane E in the longitudinal direction and in the pushing direction S.
The invention relates to a grate block (10) for a combustion grate, in which consecutive grate blocks are arranged one over the other in the manner of a staircase and are designed to rearrange and convey the combustible material during combustion by means of pushing motions performed in relation to each other. The grate block (10) comprises a block body (12), which is formed as a casting and comprises an upper wall (14), which forms a supporting surface (16), which extends at least partially parallel to a longitudinal axis L of the block body and along which the combustible material should be conveyed and the end of which that is foremost in the pushing direction S forms a margin (19), by means of which the supporting surface (16) drops into a pushing surface (22) formed by a front wall (20). The front wall (20) has at least one air supply opening (38) for supplying air to the combustion grate, which air supply opening extends at a right angle or at a slant to the pushing surface (22) when viewed in a longitudinal section. In the lowest region (32) of the front wall, the front wall has the form of a foot (34), which is intended to lie on the supporting surface of a grate block that is adjacent in the pushing direction (S). At least the front resting edge (23) of the pushing surface (22) is arranged in a plane E extending substantially at a right angle to the longitudinal axis L. The grate block is characterized in that the margin (19) is frontally offset from the plane E in the longitudinal direction and in the pushing direction S.
The present invention relates to a method for cooling solid residues (32) of a combustion process, which are deposited onto the conveying surface (37) of a conveyor belt (38) of a conveying device (1) and are conveyed in the direction of a solid residue outlet (17), wherein during conveying heat is transferred from the solid residues (32) to a gaseous coolant. The method of the invention is characterized in that the conveyor belt (38) is acted upon by coolant only on its side oriented away from the conveying surface (37), the conveyor belt (38) is essentially impermeable to the coolant and at least part of the coolant heated by contact with the conveyor belt (38) is extracted on that side oriented away from the conveying surface (37).
The present invention relates to a method for processing slag occurring in a furnace (2) of a refuse incineration plant that is produced by the refuse that is to be burned being burned on an incineration grate (10) and at the same time transported in the direction of a slag-removing device (17). The method is characterized in that the incineration grate (10) is formed at least in its end region that is facing the slag-removing device (17) as a separating grate (11), which has openings (46a-d), via which the furnace (2) is connected to a fine-slag discharge chamber (34; 34a-f), and at least one fine fraction of the slag is ejected through the openings (46; 46a-d) into the fine-slag discharge chamber (34; 34a-f) and discharged to the outside in a substantially dry state, and the remaining coarse fraction is fed to the slag-removing device (17) and discharged to the outside. In this case, the average particle size of the at least one fine fraction is smaller than the average particle size of the coarse fraction. The invention is characterized in that the separating grate (11) has at least in certain regions air feeds (36) that are distributed over its entire width and via which air is fed in a controlled manner to the slag, and the air feeds (36) are isolated from the openings (46; 46a-d) and formed separately.
The present invention relates to a method for processing slag occurring in a furnace (2) of a refuse incineration plant that is produced by the refuse that is to be burned being burned on an incineration grate (10) and at the same time transported in the direction of a slag- removing device (17). The method is characterized in that the incineration grate (10) is formed at least in its end region that is facing the slag-removing device (17) as a separating grate (11), which has openings (46a- d), via which the furnace (2) is connected to a fine-slag discharge chamber (34; 34a-f), and at least one fine fraction of the slag is ejected through the openings (46; 46a-d) into the fine-slag discharge chamber (34; 34a-f) and discharged to the outside in a substantially dry state, and the remaining coarse fraction is fed to the slag-removing device (17) and discharged to the outside. In this case, the average particle size of the at least one fine fraction is smaller than the average particle size of the coarse fraction. The invention is characterized in that the separating grate (11) has at least in certain regions air feeds (36) that are distributed over its entire width and via which air is fed in a controlled manner to the slag, and the air feeds (36) are isolated from the openings (46; 46a-d) and formed separately.
F23G 5/44 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels DetailsAccessories
F23G 5/00 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels
F23H 1/02 - Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form part of the grate structure or serve as supports
The invention relates to a screw press (2) that can be used as a dewatering device for compressing and dewatering a suspension of a fermentation plant or biogas plant. The screw press (2) comprises a press chamber (20), in which a screw shaft (202) is supported in such a way that the screw shaft is surrounded by a screen jacket (203) and can be rotated about a screw shaft axis (L), wherein the screen jacket (203) is fastened to a screen-jacket retaining device (204) within the press chamber (20) and the screen jacket (203) is formed by a plurality of multi-part screen cages (2030) having screen-cage inserts (2033). The multi-part screen cages (2030) are formed by two screen-cage half-shells (2031) and (2032), between which at least one pivoting hinge (2043) is arranged, which is arranged on a bar (2040), which extends through the press chamber (20) and is arranged parallel to the pivot axis (L), as part of the screen-jacket retaining device (204) and is firmly connected to both screen-cage half shells (2031, 2032). The screen-cage half-shells (2031) and (2032) are supported in such a way that the screen-cage half-shells can be pivoted in relation to each other, such that unhindered access to the screen-cage inserts (2033) is enabled in the swung-open state. In addition, a cage tab (S) is arranged on each of the screen-cage half-shells (2031, 2032) on the side facing away from the pivoting hinge (2043), which cage tab is detachably fastened to the screen-jacket retaining device (204) by means of cage closing means (2044) in the closed state of the screen-cage half-shells (2031, 2032).
B30B 9/12 - Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
The invention relates to a screw press (2) that can be used as a dewatering device for compressing and dewatering a suspension of a fermentation plant or biogas plant. The screw press (2) comprises a press chamber (20), in which a screw shaft (202) is supported in such a way that the screw shaft is surrounded by a screen jacket (203) and can be rotated about a screw shaft axis (L), wherein the screen jacket (203) is fastened to a screen-jacket retaining device (204) within the press chamber (20) and the screen jacket (203) is formed by a plurality of multi-part screen cages (2030) having screen-cage inserts (2033). The multi-part screen cages (2030) are formed by two screen-cage half-shells (2031) and (2032), between which at least one pivoting hinge (2043) is arranged, which is arranged on a bar (2040), which extends through the press chamber (20) and is arranged parallel to the pivot axis (L), as part of the screen-jacket retaining device (204) and is firmly connected to both screen-cage half shells (2031, 2032). The screen-cage half-shells (2031) and (2032) are supported in such a way that the screen-cage half-shells can be pivoted in relation to each other, such that unhindered access to the screen-cage inserts (2033) is enabled in the swung-open state. In addition, a cage tab (S) is arranged on each of the screen-cage half-shells (2031, 2032) on the side facing away from the pivoting hinge (2043), which cage tab is detachably fastened to the screen-jacket retaining device (204) by means of cage closing means (2044) in the closed state of the screen-cage half-shells (2031, 2032).
B30B 9/12 - Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
In the case of an agitator shaft (1) of a fermenter of a biogas plant, comprising agitator brackets (12), which are arranged on a shaft wall (10) and on which at least one agitating arm (2), comprising an agitating arm fastening portion (20) and a blade carrier (21) can be connected to the agitator brackets (12) by means of fastening two agitating arm fastening plates (200) of the agitating arm (2), it is intended to provide a method that achieves easier and quicker assembly of an agitator shaft and integration in a fermenter in situ, whereby a considerable cost saving in the setting up of a fermenter is achieved. This is achieved by cutting out fastening holes in the agitator brackets (12) and cutting out through-holes in the agitating arm fastening plates (200) in such a way that a plurality of retaining ring bolts (3) can be arranged so as to pass completely through the fastening holes and the through-holes and can be riveted therein.
B01F 27/07 - Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft
C12M 1/02 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with agitation meansApparatus for enzymology or microbiology with heat exchange means
F16D 1/064 - Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable
The invention relates to a construction method of a fermenter, which has a fermenter cage (1) and a fermenter shell made of metal, for use in a biogas plant, wherein the fermenter shell surrounds the fermenter cage (1) in such a way that the fermenter shell is closed gas-tight. The problem addressed by the invention is that of creating said construction method in such a way that a significantly reduced construction time is achieved, using a reduced number of special devices and fewer factory production steps. This problem is solved in that the fermenter cage (1) is formed by a plurality of cage rings (10 to 10x), wherein each cage ring (10 to 10x) is supported on at least one cage-retaining device (2) comprising at least one rolling device (200) in such a way that the entire fermenter cage (1) is rotatably supported about a longitudinal axis (L), wherein the fermenter cage (1) is lined with a plurality of rows of shell plates (30 to 30n) by means of rotation about the longitudinal axis (L) and the shell plates (30 to 30n) are permanently fastened to the inner surfaces of the plurality of cage rings (10 to 10x) and thus the fermenter shell (3) is formed.
In the case of an agitator shaft (1) of a fermenter of a biogas plant, comprising agitator brackets (12), which are arranged on a shaft wall (10) and on which at least one agitating arm (2), comprising an agitating arm fastening portion (20) and a blade carrier (21) can be connected to the agitator brackets (12) by means of fastening two agitating arm fastening plates (200) of the agitating arm (2), it is intended to provide a method that achieves easier and quicker assembly of an agitator shaft and integration in a fermenter in situ, whereby a considerable cost saving in the setting up of a fermenter is achieved. This is achieved by cutting out fastening holes in the agitator brackets (12) and cutting out through-holes in the agitating arm fastening plates (200) in such a way that a plurality of retaining ring bolts (3) can be arranged so as to pass completely through the fastening holes and the through-holes and can be riveted therein.
The invention relates to a construction method of a fermenter, which has a fermenter cage (1) and a fermenter shell made of metal, for use in a biogas plant, wherein the fermenter shell surrounds the fermenter cage (1) in such a way that the fermenter shell is closed gas-tight. The problem addressed by the invention is that of creating said construction method in such a way that a significantly reduced construction time is achieved, using a reduced number of special devices and fewer factory production steps. This problem is solved in that the fermenter cage (1) is formed by a plurality of cage rings (10 to 10x), wherein each cage ring (10 to 10x) is supported on at least one cage-retaining device (2) comprising at least one rolling device (200) in such a way that the entire fermenter cage (1) is rotatably supported about a longitudinal axis (L), wherein the fermenter cage (1) is lined with a plurality of rows of shell plates (30 to 30n) by means of rotation about the longitudinal axis (L) and the shell plates (30 to 30n) are permanently fastened to the inner surfaces of the plurality of cage rings (10 to 10x) and thus the fermenter shell (3) is formed.
A fermenter supply method for a biogas plant (0) is disclosed to increase the total throughput of the substrate through a plurality of fermenter chambers in the biogas plant (0), wherein the number of fermenter chambers is not changed. This is achieved by supplying an inoculum fermenter chamber (1) operated in the plug-flow mode with raw fermentation substrate, returning part of the substrate fermented in the inoculum fermenter chamber (1) to the inoculum fermenter chamber (1) by means of a return path (110), said part being mixed with the raw fermentation substrate (3), and supplying a fast fermenter chamber (2) operated in the plug-flow mode and coupled to the inoculum fermenter chamber (1) with an additional part of the substrate fermented in the inoculum fermenter chamber (1) and mixing said additional part with fast fermenter raw substrate (30).
The intention is to modify a fermenter supply method for a biogas plant (0) in such a manner that the total throughput of the substrate through a plurality of fermenter chambers in the biogas plant (0) is increased, wherein the number of fermenter chambers is not changed. This is achieved by supplying an inoculum fermenter chamber (1) with raw fermentation substrate (3) of an amount (Mi) per unit of time and fermenting for a dwell time (ti), returning part of the substrate fermented in the inoculum fermenter chamber (1) in the form a self-inoculating substrate (32) to the inoculum fermenter chamber (1) by means of a return path (110), said part being mixed with the raw fermentation substrate (3), and supplying a fast fermenter chamber (2) coupled to the inoculum fermenter chamber (1) with an additional part of the substrate fermented in the inoculum fermenter chamber (1) in the form of a fast fermenter inoculating substrate (33) and mixing said additional part with fast fermenter raw substrate (30) of an amount (MR) per unit of time, wherein fermented output substrate (31) is removed from the fast fermenter chamber (2) after a dwell time (ts) of the substrate mixture introduced into the fast fermenter chamber (2).
The invention relates to a reactor for catalytic methanation of a gas mixture containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen by means of a reactor vessel. A catalyst that catalyses the methanation reaction is arranged in a main flow path extending from the reactor inlet for introducing the gas mixture to a reactor outlet for discharging the methanated gas mixture. The reactor vessel further comprises at least one spatial region that is located remotely from the main flow path but is open for the gas mixture on an inflow side toward the main flow path. The reactor can be flushed with a flushing gas by means of a flushing arrangement. The flushing arrangement has an access for guiding the flushing gas into the remotely located spatial region and/or out of the remotely located spatial region on a side that does not coincide with the inflow side. The invention further relates to a method for operating the reactor according to the invention.
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
69.
METHOD FOR PROVIDING A METHANE-RICH PRODUCT GAS, AND AN ARRANGEMENT WHICH IS SUITABLE FOR THIS PURPOSE
The invention relates to a method for providing a methane-rich product gas. In a first operating mode, a reactant gas which has hydrogen and carbon dioxide is catalytically methanated into a gas mixture which satisfies a specified quality criterion relating to the gas mixture composition and which is provided as the product gas. In a second operating mode, the catalytic methanation is reduced, in particular stopped, by reducing, in particular cutting off, the reactant gas feed. A transition between the two operating modes is carried out dependent on an availability of the hydrogen. A gas mixture which is produced upon the transition and which does not satisfy the quality criterion is at least partly recycled as part of the providing method. The invention also relates to an arrangement which is suitable for carrying out the method.
C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
B01J 8/08 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with moving particles
70.
Method and device for the absorptive removal of carbon dioxide from biogas
2 escape via the gas phase. After separation is complete, the gas phase is passed into the absorber unit and the liquid phase is further heated to the temperature required for desorption and fed to the desorption unit for regeneration.
C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives
C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
C07C 7/11 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by absorption, i.e. purification or separation of gaseous hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01J 10/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particlesApparatus specially adapted therefor
71.
METHOD FOR OPTIMISING THE BURNOUT OF EXHAUST GASES OF AN INCINERATOR
The present invention relates to a method for optimising the burnout of exhaust gases of an incinerator, in which the solids (2) to be combusted are introduced via an inlet (6) into a combustion chamber (8) defining a primary combustion space (12), the solids (2) in the primary combustion space (12), in the form of a combustion bed (14) conveyed over a combustion grate (16), are combusted with the admission of primary air and the combusted solids are discharged from the primary combustion space (12) via an outlet (18) disposed opposite the inlet in the conveying direction (F). The primary combustion gases released during the combustion of the solids (2) are combusted, with the admission of secondary air, in a secondary combustion chamber (28) defining a secondary combustion space (27) and arranged downstream of the combustion chamber (8) in the flow direction of the combustion gases. Before entering the secondary combustion space (27), the exhaust gases containing the primary combustion gases are homogenised in a mixing zone (26) by means of a fluid introduced via a nozzle (24a, 24b, 24c). The invention is characterised in that the mixing zone (26) at least approximately directly adjoins the combustion bed (14) in the flow direction of the exhaust gases, the exit speed of the fluid from the nozzle (24a, 24b, 24c) is from 40 to 120 m/s, and the nozzle (24a, 24b, 24c) is aligned at an angle of -10° to +10° relative to the inclination of the combustion grate.
F23G 5/16 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
F23L 7/00 - Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
72.
METHOD FOR TREATING VEGETABLE, FRUIT AND GARDEN WASTE
The present invention relates to a method for treating vegetable, fruit and garden waste, comprising the steps of: a) fermenting vegetable, fruit and garden waste, b) mixing the at least partially fermented waste from step a) with compost, c) composting the thus obtained mixture to obtain compost, wherein the percentage dry matter by weight of the mixture obtained in step b) is at least 35. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of providing a greenhouse with carbon dioxide and/or heat. Also, the present invention relates to a method of composting fermented vegetable, fruit and garden waste. The present invention furthermore relates to a waste treatment facility for the treatment of vegetable, fruit and garden waste.
MARTIN GMBH FÜR UMWELT- UND ENERGIETECHNIK (Germany)
HITACHI ZOSEN INOVA AG (Switzerland)
Inventor
Rüegg, Hans
Abstract
An apparatus and method for producing explosions, including a pressure-resistance container having a main explosion chamber introduced therein, further including a supply line for supplying a flowable explosible material, and a drain opening for the directed drainage of gas pressure caused by the ignition of the explosible material. The drain opening is closed directly by a closure means, preferably a plunger, which is pressed against the drain opening using a gas spring and held closed substantially up to the time of ignition. Before the actual main explosion, the closure means is moved by the igniting and the pressure force of an auxiliary explosion, thereby exposing the drain opening.
G01V 1/116 - Generating seismic energy using explosive charges where pressurised combustion gases escape from the generator in a pulsating manner, e.g. for generating bursts
74.
Method and system for regenerating an amine-containing scrubbing solution obtained during gas purification
2 and sulfur compounds are separated. The expanded scrubbing solution is subdivided into two partial streams, and one partial stream is recirculated into the process.
The present invention relates to an air-cooled grate block of a grate for the thermal treatment of waste, in which the grate blocks (1) are arranged so as to rest one on top of the other in a step-like manner. The block body (5) designed as a cast part has a top wall (10), forming a bearing surface (15), and a front wall (20), on which a foot (25) is integrally formed. A first cooling passage section (40) runs from a wall inlet (35), arranged on the underside (30) of thetopwall (10), through the top wall (10) and the front wall (20) to an outlet opening (45) arranged in the front wall (20). A cooling passage wall (55) which starts from an inlet opening (50) arranged adjacent to the foot (25) and to the front wall (20) and is at a distance from the front wall (20) and the top wall (10) forms a second cooling passage section (60) fluidically connected to the first cooling passage section (40) at the wall inlet (35). A grate which consists of the abovementioned grate blocks is likewise described.
MARTIN GMBH FUR UMWELT-UND ENERGIETECHNIK (Germany)
HANS RUEGG (Switzerland)
EXPLO ENGINEERING AG (Switzerland)
Inventor
Ruegg, Hans
Abstract
The invention relates to an apparatus and to a method for producing explosions, comprising a pressure-resistance container having a main explosion chamber introduced therein, further comprising a supply line for supplying a flowable explosible material, and a drain opening for the directed drainage of gas pressure caused by the ignition of the explosible material. The drain opening is closed directly by a closure means, preferably a plunger, which is pressed against the drain opening using a gas spring and held closed substantially up to the time of ignition. Before the actual main explosion, the closure means is moved by the igniting and the pressure force of an auxiliary explosion, thereby exposing the drain opening.
F02K 7/02 - Plants in which the working-fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fanControl thereof the jet being intermittent, i.e. pulse jet
F42D 3/00 - Particular applications of blasting techniques
B08B 5/00 - Cleaning by methods involving the use of air flow or gas flow
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
C07C 7/11 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by absorption, i.e. purification or separation of gaseous hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
78.
Method and device for separating methane and carbon dioxide from biogas
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
79.
Method and device for generating compression waves
MARTIN GMBH FÜR UMWELT- UND ENERGIETECHNIK (Germany)
HITACHI ZOSEN INOVA AG (Switzerland)
Inventor
Ruegg, Hans
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and to a method for producing pressure waves of a high intensity. Thereby, a flowable, explosive substance, or flowable components which form an explosive mixture on mixing and are preferably gaseous, are introduced into a pressure-tight container and ignited. The gas pressure arising from the ignition is led away through a previously closed passage. Preferably, a closure is kept closed by way of a spring element until the explosion, wherein the spring element comprises a relief device.
The invention relates to a fermenter which comprises an agitator. A problem associated with large, horizontal fermenters comprising an agitator is that the screw of the agitator caves in despite reinforcing constructions, thereby destroying the fermenter (1). In order to solve this problem, the shaft (10) of the agitator that extends longitudinally through the fermenter (1) and that is received on the fermenter ends (4, 6) is configured as a closed hollow element that is filled with gas or air. The pressure (P1) in the interior (14) of the hollow shaft (10) is monitored by a pressure-measuring element (16-18), thereby preventing liquid from entering the shaft, causing the shaft (10) to cave in and eventually destroying the fermenter.
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Machinery for the treatment of organic material for the production of biogas and compost, namely feed pumps, presses, agitators, mixers and screw conveyors. (1) Engineering services in connection with the construction and operation of installations and machinery for the treatment of organic material for the production of biogas and compost.
