CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE (France)
IFP (France)
Inventor
Eymery, Jean-Bruno
Janot, Raphaël
Tarascon, Jean-Marie
Abstract
The present invention is related to Li and Sn (IV) amides. The amides have the formula Li2+xSn(NH2)6+x where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. In the form of a mixture with LiH, the amides make reversible hydrogen storage possible within a temperature range of around 100° C.
The gaseous effluent to be treated is contacted in column C1 with an absorbent solution selected for its property of forming two separable phases when it is heated. The regenerated absorbent solution is separated into two phases in drum B1; a fraction rich in water and a fraction rich in reactive compounds.
Separation allows to optimize the operations performed on the regenerated absorbent solution. On the one hand, separation allows to carry out vaporization, through reboiler R1, of a fraction of the absorbent solution, preferably containing a limited reactive compound concentration in relation to the absorbent solution, thus limiting their degradation. On the other hand, separation of the phases allows to reduce the amount of solution to be treated in order to remove the non-regeneratable salts and thus to reduce the costs linked with their elimination. Finally, separation allows to eliminate the degradation products by carrying out a specific and suitable purification for each phase.
The method can be applied to combustion fumes decarbonation and to natural gas or synthesis gas deacidizing.
2/CO ratio in the range 1.2 to 2.5, and SG is converted by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, then the waxes produced are converted into middle distillates. Preferably, a vacuum distillate VGO and/or a deasphalted oil DAO derived from P are hydrocracked mixed with the waxes. The invention also pertains to a facility for carrying out the process.
C10G 67/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
C10G 69/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
5.
Method of modelling a porous geologic medium traversed by a network of fractures
A method of modelling a fractured reservoir having application for petroleum reservoir development is disclosed utilizing a set of several families of equivalent blocks of regular shapes and sizes. The fractured reservoir is modelled by a complex porous medium made up of irregular blocks. A function defining the progress of an imbibition front within these blocks, whose derivative A′(X) is calculated, is determined. A function defining the progress of an imbibition front within regular equivalent blocks, whose derivative A′eq(X) is calculated, is then determined. This derivative, which constitutes at least two line segments with distinct slopes, depends on the dimensions of the equivalent blocks. Finally, the dimensions of the equivalent blocks are obtained by adjusting the two derivatives A′eq(X) and A′(X).
G06G 7/48 - Analogue computers for specific processes, systems, or devices, e.g. simulators
G06G 7/50 - Analogue computers for specific processes, systems, or devices, e.g. simulators for distribution networks, e.g. for fluids
G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)
6.
High performance structured packing for fluid exchange column and fabrication method
The invention is a method of formation and a structured packing for a fluid exchange column, which defines an exchange surface for at least one descending liquid phase to be placed in intimate contact with at least one ascending gaseous phase. The packing comprises a stack of plates having undulations, each plate being contained in a space included between two parallel planes L1 and L2 separated by a value of between 5 and 50 mm. The undulations are distributed on both sides of a center plane P separating the space into two equal parts and form a series of channels which extend along a direction D. The channels comprise wings contained in the space included between the two parallel planes. Each wing is composed of a strip B punched out in one of the channels according to at least two grooves C1 and C2. The width of the strip between the two grooves is between 1 and 15 mm. The strip B is stamped/embossed to create an orifice forming a discontinuity in the surface of the channel at the level of the two grooves C1 and C2.
The invention relates to a high-pressure pipe element having at least two metal tubes 1, 3 reinforced by hoops 2 and 4, the ends of the tubes being bare. The tubes are assembled end to end by a weld 5 of the bared ends. A sleeve 6 covers the weld 5 as some of the hooping 2 and 4 of each tube, forming an annular space between the bare ends of the tubes and the sleeve, said space being filled with a setting material 9.
The invention also relates to manufacturing the high-pressure pipe element.
The gaseous effluent to be treated is contacted in C1 with an absorbent solution selected for its property of forming two separable phases when it has absorbed an amount of acid compounds and when it is heated.
According to the invention, the absorbent solution is regenerated in at least two stages in regeneration zones Z1 and Z2. At the end of the first regeneration stage in Z1, at least part of the partly regenerated absorbent solution is separated into two fractions in B1: a fraction rich in acid compounds and a fraction depleted in acid compounds. Fraction 10 rich in acid compounds is sent to the second regeneration stage in Z2. The fraction depleted in acid compounds and regenerated absorbent solution 6 from the second regeneration stage are recycled to absorption column C1.
The method can be applied to combustion fumes decarbonation and to natural gas or synthesis gas deacidizing.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
9.
Gas deacidizing method using an absorbent solution with demixing control
The gaseous effluent to be treated is contacted in C1 with an absorbent solution selected for its property of forming two separable phases when it has absorbed an amount of acid compounds and when it is heated. The absorbent solution laden with acid compounds is then heated in E1 and E3 so as to separate two fractions in BS1: a first absorbent solution fraction depleted in acid compounds and a second absorbent solution fraction enriched in acid compounds. The second fraction is regenerated in C2 so as to release part of the acid compounds, and the first absorbent solution fraction and the regenerated absorbent solution are recycled as absorbent solution.
According to the invention, an absorbent solution portion circulating in C1 is cooled in E2 in order to prevent demixing of the solution in column C1.
B01D 47/02 - Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath
10.
Method of joint inversion of seismic data represented on different time scales
0) allowing synthetic data described in a first time scale to be expressed in a second time scale is defined by a differential equation relating the traveltime variations of a seismic wave to the models resulting from the sequential inversion. Finally, joint inversion wherein a cost function using the scale factor is minimized is carried out so as to evaluate a difference between the synthetic data and the seismic data expressed in another time scale.
B01D 15/18 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
12.
EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING POLLUTANTS FROM EXHAUST GASES FROM AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE HAVING SELECTIVELY ACTIVE OR INACTIVE CYLINDERS, AND METHOD USING SUCH EQUIPMENT
The present invention relates to equipment for removing pollutants from exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine having selectively active or inactive cylinders, comprising: at least two groups with at least one cylinder (10, 12, 14, 16), a waste discharge channel (34, 36, 38, 40; 44; 48) connected to each cylinder group, an exhaust line (50), and an exhaust gas pollutant removal means (52). According to the invention, at least one of the channels ends at the pollutant removal means (52), and the other channel comprises a waste spread controlling means (58; 72, 74; 88, 90, 92, 94) for controlling the spread of waste towards the pollutant removal means (52, 60) or towards the exhaust line (50, 50').
F01N 3/18 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operationControl
The present invention relates to an optimized method for modelling flows in a geological hydrocarbon reservoir, comprising injecting an aqueous polymer solution to sweep the hydrocarbons, determining a relationship between a parameter linked with the mobility reduction of the solution in the reservoir and the water saturation, and accounting for this relationship in a flow simulator to achieve modelling.
A method for mapping a complex sedimentary basin is disclosed. A grid representative of the current architecture of the basin is constructed. A mechanical structural restoration is applied in three dimensions so as to reconstruct the past architectures of the basin from the current time up to a geological time t. A simulation of the geological and geochemical processes that govern the formation of a petroleum reservoir is then carried out, directly in the grids obtained from the restoration, from the geological time t to the current one. This simulation is thereafter used for mapping the sedimentary basin so as to identify zones of the basin where hydrocarbons may have accumulated.
G06G 7/58 - Analogue computers for specific processes, systems, or devices, e.g. simulators for chemical processes
G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)
G06T 17/20 - Wire-frame description, e.g. polygonalisation or tessellation
G01V 1/00 - SeismologySeismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
15.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE OPACITY LEVEL OF EXHAUST GASES FROM A DIESEL ENGINE
The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the opacity level of exhaust gases from a diesel engine, wherein the method comprises using an opacimeter for collecting the exhaust gases, emitting a light beam through the collected gases, and acquiring a signal relative to the light intensity of the light beams that passed through the gases. The method further comprises extracting from the signal a first light intensity measurement during an engine acceleration phase, and extracting from the signal a second light intensity measurement during an engine idle phase. The two measurements are sufficiently close in time to provide equivalent measurement conditions. Finally, the method comprises deriving, from said measures and by a relative opacity calculation, the opacity level of the gases by calculating the gas absorption coefficient during the acceleration phase.
G01N 21/35 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
G01N 21/53 - Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
16.
Method of estimating the fracture density in a rock medium
The invention is a method of constructing a three-dimensional fracture density log of a porous formation traversed by fractures and a borehole. A number N of intersections between the fractures and the borehole is measured over a section of the borehole of length L located at a depth d, from observations of the wall of this section. A conditional probability law of the three-dimensional fracture density is then estimated, knowing the number N of intersections. The value of the three-dimensional fracture density at depth d is determined by calculating the mean of this conditional probability law. Finally, the three-dimensional fracture density log is constructed by repeating the previous stages for different depths. A three-dimensional fracture density uncertainty log can also be associated by calculating quantiles of the conditional probability law.
G01V 1/40 - SeismologySeismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
G01V 9/00 - Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups
G01V 1/00 - SeismologySeismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
E21B 47/026 - Determining slope or direction of penetrated ground layers
E21B 49/00 - Testing the nature of borehole wallsFormation testingMethods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
17.
COMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRICHODERMA REESEI SECRETOME LIMITING MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
The present invention describes the use of a genetically improved strain of Trichoderma reesei which makes it possible to limit microbiological contaminations during an industrial process. The genetic improvement carried out on the strain enables the latter to overexpress an extracellular protein which has known antimicrobial properties and which is compatible with the secretory system of strains of fungi such as Trichoderma reesei. This modified strain can be used to produce the cellulolytic and/or hemicellulolytic enzymes used in a process for production of ethanol from cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials, said to be “second generation”.
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C12N 9/36 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) acting on beta-1, 4 bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and 2-acetylamino 2-deoxy-D-glucose, e.g. lysozyme
18.
METHOD OF PRODUCING MIDDLE DISTILLATES BY SEQUENCED HYDROISOMERATION AND HYDROCRACKING OF EFFLUENT PRODUCED BY THE FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS
The invention describes a method of producing middle distillates from a paraffinic feedstock produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, comprising: separation of a heavy fraction having an initial boiling point between 120 and 200°C; hydroisomerization of at least part of said heavy fraction in the presence of a first hydroisomerization catalyst comprising at least one metal of group VIII and/or at least one metal of group VIB and at least one molecular sieve; hydrocracking of at least part of the hydroisomerized effluent in the presence of a second hydrocracking catalyst comprising at least one metal of group VIII and/or at least one metal of group VIB and a silica-alumina support or a zeolite Y-based support; and distillation of the final effluent in order to obtain middle distillates.
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C10G 47/18 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
C10G 65/14 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural parallel stages only
The invention relates to a method of producing middle distillates from a paraffinic feedstock produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, employing a hydroisomerization/hydrocracking catalyst comprising at least one hydro-dehydrogenating metal chosen from the group formed by the metals of group VIB and group VIII of the Periodic Table and a support comprising at least one silica-alumina and at least one zeolite chosen from the group formed by TON, FER and MTT structural zeolites and ZBM‑30, ZSM‑48 and COK‑7 zeolites taken individually or as a mixture, said method operating at a temperature between 270 and 400°C, with a pressure of between 1 and 9 MPa, a space velocity of between 0.5 and 5 h‑1 and a hydrogen flow rate adjusted so as to obtain a ratio of 400 to 1500 normal litres of hydrogen per litre of feedstock.
C10G 45/62 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C10G 47/18 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
C10G 47/20 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing other metals or compounds thereof
The present invention describes a method for preparing a catalytic composition used for the oligomerization, co-dimerization or polymerization of olefins in which the compound obtained when at least one compound of iron is brought into contact with at least one nitrogen-containing compound is subjected to an oxidation step before being mixed with an activator and optionally with a solvent. The present invention also describes the catalytic composition obtained by said preparation method and the use of the same for the oligomerization, co-dimerization or polymerization of olefins.
B01J 31/18 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
C08F 4/70 - Iron group metals, platinum group metals, or compounds thereof
C08F 10/00 - Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
21.
CATALYST INCLUDING AT LEAST ONE PARTICULAR ZEOLITE AND AT LEAST ONE SILICA-ALUMINA, AND METHOD FOR THE HYDROCRACKING OF HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK USING SUCH CATALYST
The invention relates to a catalyst that comprises at least one hydro-dehydrogenating metal selected from the group including metals of group VIB and group VIII, and a substrate including at least one silica-alumina, and at least one COK-7 zeolite alone or mixed with at least one ZBM-30 zeolite. The invention also relates to a method for the hydrocracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock using said catalyst.
C10G 47/18 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
C10G 47/20 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing other metals or compounds thereof
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
The invention describes a process for producing middle distillates from a paraffin feed produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, comprising a) a fractionation of said effluent into at least three fractions, b) a hydroisomerization of at least one portion of the intermediate fraction in the presence of a catalyst comprising a molecular sieve, c) a hydroisomerization of at least one portion of the heavy fraction in the presence of a catalyst comprising a molecular sieve, d) a hydrocracking of at least one portion of the hydroisomerized effluent originating from the hydroisomerization of the heavy fraction in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst comprising a silica-alumina support or a support based on zeolite Y, e) and a distillation of at least one portion of the effluent originating from the hydroisomerization step b) and the hydrocracking step d) in order to obtain middle distillates.
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C10G 47/18 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
C10G 65/14 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural parallel stages only
The invention relates to a method for producing a sweet juice from a lignocellulosic substrate, in which the enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out by supplementing cellulases with supported β-glucosidases in a reactor that is separate from the lignocellulose enzymatic hydrolysis reactor.
The present invention describes novel nitrogen-containing organic compounds obtained by reacting a compound X of substituted pyridine type comprising at least one ketone functional group with a compound Y belonging to the family of aminoquinolines and derivatives thereof. Said organic compounds may be used as precursors in a catalytic composition.
The invention relates to a segment (4) of a riser pipe for drilling operations on offshore wells, that comprises a main tube member (6) having as an extension a male connector element (10) and a female connector element (9) including a first series of lugs. At least one auxiliary tube member (7) is connected to the male connector member (10) and to the female connector member (9) so that the main tube (6) and the auxiliary tube member (7) may transfer together the stress forces between the male connector member (10) and the female connector member (9). A locking ring is mounted on the male connector member, wherein said ring includes a second series of lugs.
The invention relates to a reactor for the catalytic reforming or the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, having a cylindrical shape along a vertical axis, an upper bottom and a lower bottom including at least two annular areas centred on the vertical axis, said two annular areas consisting of a so-called catalytic area (202) and a so-called exchange area (204). Sealed vertical panels (65) divide the reactor into sectors, said sectors each including at least one exchange section and at least one catalytic section, all exchange sections defining the exchange area and all catalytic sections defining the catalytic area. The invention also relates to a method that uses the reactor of the invention.
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
C07C 5/32 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
27.
NOVEL SYSTEM FOR OPTIMISING THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH OCTANE GASOLINE AND THE COPRODUCTION OF AROMATIC BASES
The invention relates to a concatenation of at least three units: an aromatic separation unit (SEP), a catalytic reforming unit (RC) and a so-called complex aromatic unit (CA) for simultaneously obtaining gasoline having a high octane index and aromatic bases, essentially xylenes, benzene and toluene, wherein the distribution between the production of high octane index gasoline and the production of aromatic bases may vary in any manner.
C10G 61/04 - Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one process of refining in the absence of hydrogen plural serial stages only the refining step being an extraction
28.
IMPROVED DEVICE FOR SEPARATION IN A SIMULATED MOBILE BED
The invention relates to a device (SMB) for adsorption separation in a simulated mobile bed that comprises a plurality of elementary areas Zi in series operating in a closed loop, each of said areas including, between two consecutive points for the sequential injection or extraction of a fluid, a single bed Li of an adsorbent solid having a volume VA and a non-selective empty volume Vi, wherein the majority of said areas are ordinary elementary areas each having an identical volume VA of the same adsorbent S and a non-selective empty volume substantially identical and equal to V, the device further including at least one particular elementary area Z0, called particular elementary area, that comprises a non-selective empty volume V0 higher than V, and a single bed L0 of adsorbent S0 having a volume VA0 lower than VA, S0 having a volumetric adsorption capacity C0 higher than that C of S so that the total adsorption capacity C0 x VA0 of Z0 is closer to the total adsorption capacity C x VA of each of the ordinary elementary areas than to the total adsorption capacity of Z0 calculated as if the adsorbent solid of the bed L0 of Z0 was not the solid S0 but the solid S.
The invention relates to a system for monitoring an underground formation containing a least one gas (14), that comprises at least one device provided with a gas tapping means (1) buried in the ground, a means for transferring the gas between said tapping means (1) and a means for controlling a gas leak positioned at the surface and adapted for measuring at least one of the following parameters: the flow of the tapped gas, the composition of the tapped gas. The invention also relates to a method implementing said system.
- The invention relates to a method of determining the thermal profile of a drilling fluid circulating in a well during the course of drilling, in which method the following steps are carried out: a) an overall expression for the thermal profile of the fluid within the drill rod string inside the well and an overall expression for a thermal profile of the fluid in the annulus corresponding to the space around the outside of the drill rod string are determined by using the heat propagation equation and taking into consideration at least a thermal profile of the environment being drilled through and the temperature of the fluid entering the well, (b) a law is chosen that links the Nusselt number to the following parameters: the Reynolds number for axial flow, the Prandtl number, the Reynolds number for rotation, c) the said law is used to establish the thermal profile in the fluid flowing in the annulus.
The invention relates to a reactor for carrying out a gaseous-phase endothermal reaction that has a cylindrical shape along a vertical axis and comprises at least four annular areas centred on the vertical axis and following each other from the edge to the centre of the reactor: a first so-called feeding area (201), a second so-called catalytic area (202), a third so-called collecting area (203) and a fourth so-called exchange area (204). The reactor also includes vertical sealed panels (65) located along the radii of the cylindrical reactor diving said reactor into sectors, said sectors each including at least one exchange section (61) and at least one catalytic section (62). The first two exchange sections are connected and a duct (64) connects the collecting section of each sector, except for the first and last sector, to the exchange section of the following sector. The invention also relates to a method for implementing the reactor of the invention.
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
C07C 5/32 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- High-temperature drilling fluid based on brine and on a mixture of solids with a controlled particle size, comprising water, dissolved salts, and insoluble mineral solids comprising at least one part of weighting agent having a particle size such that the D50 thereof is between 1 and 25 μm, and one part of colloids having a particle size such that the D50 thereof is between 0.2 and 2 μm. The total volume fraction of the solids is between 30% and 50% relative to the total volume, and the total volume comprises at least 10% by volume of said colloids. - Drilling method using the fluid according to the invention.
The invention relates to a method for producing alcohol from a pre-processed lignocellulosic biomass, in which the enzymatic hydrolysis step is carried out with cellulolytic and/or semicellulolytic enzymes generated by using at least one effluent resulting from another ethanol production method using a sugar plant as a raw material. This method can be integrated into a method for producing alcohol from so-called second-generation cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials, that comprises the following steps: 1) the chemical and/or physical pre-processing of a cellulosic or lignocellulosic substrate; 2) the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pre-processed substrate using cellulolytic and/or semicellulolytic enzymes; the alcoholic fermentation by an appropriate alcohol-producing microorganism of the hydrolysate from step 2) and the production of a fermentation wort; and the separation of the alcohol-producing microorganism used in step 3), with the separation/purification of the alcohol.
Method for modelling a fractured deposit as a collection of several families of equivalent blocks of uniform shape and size. This gives a complex porous environment made up of irregular blocks modelling the fractured deposit. A function is determined that defines the propagation of a soaking front within these blocks, and the derivative A’(X) of this is calculated. A function is then determined that defines the propagation of a soaking front within equivalent uniform blocks, and the derivative A’eq(X) of this is calculated. The latter derivative, made up of at least two straight-line segments of distinct gradient, is a function of the sizes of the equivalent blocks. Finally, dimensions of the equivalent blocks are obtained by matching the two derivatives A’eq(X) and A’(X). Application in particular to the exploitation of oil deposits for example.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a reforming catalyst including a substrate, a metal of Group VIIIB and a metal of Group VIIB, wherein said method comprises the following steps in the a) then b) or b) then a) order: the step a) of impregnating the substrate with a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution containing a metal of Group VIIIB; the step b) of impregnating the substrate with an aqueous solution containing a metal of Group VIIB and a sulphurated complexing agent in a reducing environment or the step b) of impregnation with an aqueous solution containing a metal of Group VIIB and then with a solution sulphurated complexing agent in a reducing environment. The reducing environment is selected from the group including reducing atmospheres containing more than 0.1 wt % of a reducing gas or a mixture of reducing gases, reducing solutions containing, relative to the metal of Group VIIB, from 0.1 to 20 equivalents of reducing metals, of reducing organic compounds or of reducing inorganic compounds.
The invention relates to a method for converting the sulphur compounds present in a gas, which contains H2S and sulphur compounds, into H2S. The method comprises the step A of contacting said gas with a reducing gas in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst containing at least cobalt, molybdenum and an alumina substrate, the sum of the calculated contents of cobalt and molybdenum in their oxide form ranging from 3 to 25 wt %, the surface of said alumina being higher than 140 m2/g. The method further comprises the step B of contacting at least one fraction of the effluent gas from step A with a catalyst containing at least one alkaline-earth element, at least one dopant selected from the group containing iron, cobalt and molybdenum and at least one compound selected from the group including titanium oxide and zirconium oxide, wherein the catalyst of step B is either in a mass oxide form containing only said oxides, or in a supported oxide form.
The invention relates to a method for the conversion of aqueous solutions of lignocellulosic solids having a solid content of between 1 and 20 % in terms of dry material, wherein said method comprises the step a) of compressing said solution in order to separate the liquid phase present in and between the solids of the compressed solid phase, and the step b) of extracting at least said liquid phase, said liquid phase being further homogenised by thermal and/or chemical processing and re-injected onto the compressed solid phase.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a zeolite of the ITH structural type that comprises at least the following steps: i) mixing, in an aqueous medium at one silicon source, optionally at least one source of at least one other tetravalent element X, at least one N.N.N'.N'-tetramethyl-N,N'-dibenzylhexane-1,6-diammonium salt, at least one source of a mineralising agent selected from hydroxide and fluoride ions; ii) hydro-thermally processing said mixture until the formation of said zeolite of the ITH structural type.
C01B 37/02 - Crystalline silica-polymorphs, e.g. silicalites
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
39.
PREDISTRIBUTION FILTER PLATE WITH OVERFLOW TUBE FOR A FIXED-BED REACTOR WITH DESCENDING GAS/LIQUID CO-CURRENT FLOW
The device described in the present invention is used to predistribute the gas/liquid feedstock feeding a reactor operating in descending gas/liquid co-current mode, by means of a predistribution plate comprising a filter medium and an overflow tube for regulating the flow rate of liquid arriving on a distributor plate located downstream of said device. The present device applies more particularly to the selective hydrogenation treatment of feedstocks containing acetylene and diene compounds.
B01D 24/22 - Downward filtration, the filter material being supported by pervious surfaces
C10G 49/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
40.
NOVEL REACTOR FOR CARRYING OUT REACTIONS AT VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH PRESSURE
The present invention describes a novel reactor designed to carry out chemical reactions at temperatures possibly up to 1600°C and at pressures possibly up to 100 bar. The reactor according to the invention possesses two chambers surrounding the reaction zone, namely an internal chamber made from a refractory material and an external chamber surrounding the internal chamber and made of an insulating material.
The invention relates to a process for the hydroconversion, in an ebullated bed, of a petroleum feedstock containing a significant amount of light fractions and, inter alia, asphaltenes, sulphur-containing and metallic impurities. More precisely, the subject of the invention is a hydroconversion process that uses at least one ebullated-bed reactor for which the injection of the feedstock is carried out at the top of said reactor, in the overhead and that includes a separation within said feedstock inside the reactor into a vaporized fraction and a liquid fraction. The invention also relates to the reactor that makes it possible to carry out said process.
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 47/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
C10G 49/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or
B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
C10G 49/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
C10G 45/16 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
B01J 8/22 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
42.
METHOD OF TESTING ENGINES BASED ON GRAPHIC SIGNATURES
Method for extracting useful information for testing an internal combustion engine on the basis of graphic signatures. A carrier signal containing at least one information item relating to engine operation is acquired. Next, for each engine cycle, this signal is converted into a graphic signature, turning a collection of characteristic features of the signal into the form of a graph that is simple to analyse. At least one attribute of this signature is then determined, and from this the relevant information is estimated using a predetermined relationship between the attribute and the information item. Finally, the information is used to test the engine. Application to internal combustion engine testing.
F02D 41/24 - Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
F02D 41/40 - Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
G01M 15/05 - Testing internal-combustion engines by combined monitoring of two or more different engine parameters
F02D 41/22 - Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
F02D 43/00 - Conjoint electrical control of two or more functions, e.g. ignition, fuel-air mixture, recirculation, supercharging or exhaust-gas treatment
The invention relates to a system for generating seismic waves in an underground formation through which extends a well having a casing (10), characterised in that it comprises a casing seal (1) pervious to a magnetic field, an active portion generating seismic waves, made of magnetic-field active members (4) and arranged outside the casing seal, and a mobile magnetic-field induction source (8) provided inside the casing seal. The invention also relates to a method implementing this seismic wave generation system.
The invention relates to a catalyst comprising a porous support, palladium and at least one metal chosen from the group composed of alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals, in which: -the specific surface area of the porous support is between 50 and 210 m2/g, -the palladium content in the catalyst is between 0.05 and 2 wt%, -at least 80 wt% of palladium is distributed in a crust on the periphery of the support, the thickness of said crust being between 20 and 200 μm, -the metallic dispersion D is between 25% and 70%, -the density of palladium particles in the crust is between 1500 and 4100 palladium particles per μm2 -and said alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal is uniformly distributed throughout the support. The invention also relates to the preparation of the catalyst and the use thereof in selective hydrogenation.
The invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen from an effluent containing hydrogen sulphide, that comprises contacting the effluent fed through a duct (8) with a material (7) containing at least one metal oxide in order to generate hydrogen and a metal sulphide. The metal of said oxide is selected among the elements of the groups VIIB or VIIIB of the periodic table.
C01B 3/06 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
The invention relates to a crystallised solid called IZM-3 that has an X-ray diffraction diagram such as indicated below. The solid has a chemical composition expressed on an anhydrous basis, in terms of oxide moles, defined by the general formula aSiO2 : bYO2 : cR : dF, where Y is at least one tetravalent element different from silicon, R is at least one nitrogenous organic species, and F is fluorine, a, b, c and d are respectively the number of moles of SiO2, YO2, R and F, and a ranges from 0.1 to 1, b ranges from 0 to 0.9, c ranges from 0.01 to 0.5, and d ranges from 0 to 0.5.
C01B 37/02 - Crystalline silica-polymorphs, e.g. silicalites
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
47.
CRYSTALLISED SOLID IM-18 AND METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME
The invention relates to a crystallised solid called IM18 that has an X-ray diffraction diagram such as indicated below. The solid has a chemical composition expressed by the empirical formula mXO2 : nGeO2 : PZ2O3 : qR : sF : wH2O, where R is one or more organic species, X is one or more tetravalent elements different from germanium, Z is at least one trivalent element, and F is fluorine.
C01B 37/00 - Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
C01B 37/02 - Crystalline silica-polymorphs, e.g. silicalites
C01B 39/06 - Preparation of isomorphous zeolites characterised by measures to replace the aluminium or silicon atoms in the lattice framework by atoms of other elements
B01J 20/10 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
B01J 20/06 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group
48.
CRYSTALLISED SOLID IM-17 AND METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME
The invention relates to a crystallised solid called IM17 that has an X-ray diffraction diagram such as indicated below. The solid has a chemical composition expressed by the empirical formula mXO2 : nGeO2 : pZ2O3 : qR : wH2O, where R is one or more organic species comprising 1,10-bis(trimethylammonium)decane X is one or more tetravalent elements different from germanium, and Z is at least one trivalent element.
C01B 37/00 - Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
B01J 20/10 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
B01J 20/06 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group
49.
METHOD AND HOUSING FOR REGENERATING A REFORMING CATALYST
The invention relates to a method for regenerating a catalyst for producing aromatic hydrocarbons or a reforming catalyst that comprises a combustion step in an area A including at least two beds A1 and A2, an oxychlorination step in an area B, and a calcining step in area C. The effluent gas from the oxychlorination area is partially recycled via at least one scrubbing section D towards the inlet of the beds A1 and A2. Furthermore, the effluent gas from area B is recycled partially towards the combustion bed A2 by passing through a fan but without passing through said scrubbing section D, and partially towards the inlet of area B by passing through said fan but without passing through said scrubbing section. The invention also relates to a housing in which this method is implemented.
The invention relates to a method and a device for the fluidised-bed roasting and grinding of a load mainly containing a biomass in order to feed the same into a unit for the gasification or combustion of said load.
C10B 49/10 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
F26B 3/08 - Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
51.
METHOD FOR LIQUEFYING NATURAL GAS WITH HIGH PRESSURE FRACTIONING
The invention relates to a method for liquefying a natural gas that comprises the following steps: cooling a natural gas (1'); feeding the cooled natural gas (1) into a fractioning column (2) so as to separate it into a methane-rich gaseous phase (3, 5) and a liquid phase rich in compounds heavier than ethane (8); and liquefying the methane-rich flow in order to obtain the liquid natural gas (5'). According to the invention, the method comprises selecting the operational conditions of the fractioning column so that said liquid phase includes a methane molar amount representing 10% to 150% of the ethane molar amount.
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
F25J 3/02 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
The invention relates to a method for regenerating an aromatic-hydrocarbon production catalyst or a reforming catalyst. The method comprises a combustion step in an area A including at least two beds A1 and A2, an oxychlorination step in an area B, and a calcination step in an area C. The effluent gas from the oxychlorination step is partially recycled via at least one scrubbing section D towards the input of the beds A1 and A2. Furthermore, the effluent gas from the area B is partially recycled by flowing through a fan and without flowing through said scrubbing section D towards the combustion bed A2.
The invention relates to a liquefaction method that comprises fractioning the natural gas with ethane recycling in order to enhance propane recovery and to increase the critical pressure of the gas to be liquefied. The natural gas is partially liquefied by cooling in E1, than separated in the fractioning column (2) into a methane-rich flow and flow rich in hydrocarbons heavier than methane. The methane-rich flow is partially liquefied in (3), and the condensates separated in the tank (4) are recycled to the head of the column (2) via the duct (7). The gaseous fraction from the tank (4) is liquefied in the exchanger (E2) in order to produce liquefied natural gas. The flow rich in hydrocarbons heavier than methane is separated in the de-ethaniser into an ethane-enriched fraction and heavier hydrocarbons. According to the invention, the ethane-enriched fraction is at least partially liquefied, and a portion of the liquefied ethane is recycled into the separation tank (4) or the reflux line (7).
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
F25J 3/02 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
54.
PROPULSION SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE TRANSMISSION TRACKS FOR HYBRID VEHICLE AND METHOD OF PROPELLING THIS VEHICLE
The present invention relates to a propulsion system for a hybrid vehicle comprising a heat engine (10), particularly an internal combustion engine, with a shaft (12), at least one electric machine (14) with a rotor (16), powered by batteries (18), a disengageable coupling (22) between the said shaft and the said rotor, and a driven shaft (42) driving wheels of the vehicle. According to the invention, the system comprises a first way (36) of transmitting movement between the shaft (12) of the heat engine (10) and the driven shaft (42), and a second way (40) of transmitting movement between the rotor (16) of the machine (14) and the said driven shaft.
Method of optimizing the development of a fluid reservoir by taking into account a geologic and transient exchange term between matrix blocks and fractures
A method for optimizing the development of a fluid reservoir by accounting for a transient exchange term between porous blocks and fractures. The reservoir is discretized into a set of grid cells and an image representative of the fracture network delimiting porous blocks and fractures is associated with each cell. A transient exchange flow occurring between the porous blocks and the fractures is then determined at each cell by processing the image representative of the fracture network. Fluid flows in the reservoir are simulated by a flow simulator and an exchange flow and development of the reservoir is optimized by the simulation.
G06F 7/60 - Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radixComputing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations
G06G 7/48 - Analogue computers for specific processes, systems, or devices, e.g. simulators
The process is used to liquefy a dry natural gas containing water and heavy hydrocarbons having more than five carbon atoms. The following steps are carried out: a) the dry natural gas is made to flow through a solid that adsorbs water so as to obtain a water-depleted natural gas and an adsorbent solid laden with water; b) the water-depleted natural gas is made to flow through a solid that adsorbs heavy hydrocarbons having at least five carbon atoms, so as to obtain a natural gas depleted in heavy hydrocarbons and an adsorbent solid laden with heavy hydrocarbons; c) the natural gas depleted in heavy hydrocarbons is liquefied at a pressure above 40 bar absolute so as to obtain a pressurized liquid natural gas; and d) the pressurized liquid natural gas obtained in step c) is expanded down to atmospheric pressure so as to obtain a liquid natural gas and a gaseous fraction.
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
57.
DEVICE FOR SEPARATING A FINELY DIVIDED SOLID IN SUSPENSION IN A VISCOUS LIQUID
The device described in the present invention makes it possible to separate fine solid particles in suspension in a viscous liquid by withdrawing a clear liquid from the top of the device and a dense liquid charged with solid particles from the bottom. The invention also relates to the application of this device in the separation of catalyst particles in a liquid-phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process.
The invention relates to the use of a novel type of active mass in looping redox processes. Said mass contains a spinel corresponding to the formula Cu1-X Fe1+xAlO4 with 0≤x≤0.1. The active mass according to the invention has a high oxygen transfer capacity and improved oxidation and reduction rates.
F23C 13/00 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
59.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALCOHOL ESTERS FROM TRIGLYCERIDES AND ALCOHOLS USING HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS CONTAINING A HYBRID SOLID WITH AN ORGANIC-INORGANIC MIXED MATRIX
The invention relates to a method for making a composition of alcohol esters of linear monocarboxylic acids having 6 to 26 carbon atoms, from oil of a vegetable or animal, neutral or acidic, virgin or recycled type, with monoalcohols having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst containing a hybrid solid with an organic-inorganic mixed matrix, wherein said method can be used for producing directly, in one or more steps, an ester that can be used as a fuel as well as pure glycerine.
Method for removing the mercaptans contained in a gas, in which: a) the gas is circulated through an acidic adsorbent solid SA1 in such a way as to adsorb a part of the mercaptans contained in the gas and to obtain a mercaptan-loaded acidic adsorbent solid and a mercaptan-depleted gas (4), b) a liquid (9) containing olefins is circulated through said mercaptan-loaded acidic adsorbent solid SA3 in such a way that the mercaptans react with the olefins so as to form sulfides, and then c) a flushing gas (15) is passed through the acidic adsorbent solid SA2 in such a way as to expel an effluent comprising a portion of said liquid.
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
The invention describes a method for converting biomass into products that can be incorporated into the gas-oil pool, comprising a first step of fermenting renewable starting materials of plant origin, at the end of which at least one alcohol and at least one compound containing a carbonyl group are obtained, and a second step corresponding to an acetalization reaction involving said alcohol and said compound containing a carbonyl group.
The present invention describes a thin-film fixed bed reactor intended for chemical treatments, especially for the reduction of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst. The reactor is designed in the form of similar compact modules, and observes a ratio of linear pressure loss to outlet pressure between certain limits.
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
B01J 37/18 - Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
F26B 17/12 - Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity
63.
CONNECTING CHANNELS AND CELLS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHS
The present invention relates to cells (1) for a centrifugal partition chromatography column, consisting of stacked discs and comprising a network of series-interconnected three-dimensional cells communicating with channels for flow of the liquid phase, said cells being distributed around the periphery of at least one disc rotated about a main axis (8); the cells have a geometric shape rotationally symmetrical about an axis substantially radial to said disc and are connected by channels (2, 4) of substantially circular, elliptical or parallelepipedal cross section, the two main dimensions of which are smaller than the largest cross section of the cell. The invention also relates to methods of manufacturing these cells.
The invention relates to a material having a hierarchised porosity and made of at least two elementary spherical particles having a maximum diameter of 200 microns, at least one of said spherical particles including at least one matrix containing silicon oxide and having crystallised walls, wherein said material has a macroporous volume as measured by mercury porosimetry of between 0.05 and 1 ml/g, and a mesoporous volume as measured by nitrogen volumetric analysis of between 0.03 and 0.4 ml/g. The invention also relates to the preparation of this material and to the use thereof as an adsorbent or an acidic solid.
C01B 37/02 - Crystalline silica-polymorphs, e.g. silicalites
C01B 37/00 - Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
C01B 39/00 - Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolitesTheir preparationAfter-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalystsProcesses, in general, for activation of catalysts
65.
CRYSTALLISED MATERIAL CONTAINING SILICON WITH HIERARCHISED AND ORGANISED POROSITY
The invention relates to a material having a hierarchised and organised porosity in terms of microporosity and mesoporosity, that comprises at least two elementary spherical particles, each of said particles including a meso-structured silicon-oxide-containing matrix having a mesopore diameter of between 1.5 and 30 nm and having microporous crystallised walls with a thickness of between 1 and 60 nm, wherein said elementary spherical particles have a maximum diameter of 200 microns. The invention also relates to the preparation of said material.
C01B 37/00 - Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
C01B 37/02 - Crystalline silica-polymorphs, e.g. silicalites
C01B 39/00 - Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolitesTheir preparationAfter-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
66.
AMORPHOUS MATERIAL HAVING A HIERARCHISED POROSITY AND COMPRISING SILICON
The invention relates to a material having a hierarchised porosity and consisting of at least two elementary spherical particles having a maximum diameter of 200 microns, at least one of said spherical particles comprising at least one matrix based on silicon oxide. Said material has a macroporous volume measured by mercury porosimetry of between 0.05 and 1 ml/g, a mesoporous volume measured by nitrogen volumetry of between 0.03 and 0.4 ml/g, and the matrix comprises amorphous walls. The invention also relates to the preparation of the material.
C01B 37/00 - Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
C01B 37/02 - Crystalline silica-polymorphs, e.g. silicalites
C01B 39/00 - Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolitesTheir preparationAfter-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
The invention relates to a material having a hierarchised porosity and consisting of at least two elementary spherical particles. Each of said particles comprises a mesostructured matrix based on silicon oxide, the diameter of the mesopores being between 1.5 and 30 nm, and amorphous and microporous walls having a thickness of between 1.5 and 50 nm, the elementary spherical paricules having a maximum diameter of 200 microns. The matrix based on silicon oxide can contain aluminium. The invention also relates to the preparation of said material.
C01B 37/02 - Crystalline silica-polymorphs, e.g. silicalites
C01B 39/02 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereofDirect preparation thereofPreparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactantsAfter-treatment thereof
C01B 33/46 - Amorphous silicates, e.g. so-called "amorphous zeolites"
68.
Process for producing propylene in the presence of a macroporous catalyst in the form of spherical beads
A process for once-through conversion of a hydrocarbon feed comprising at least olefins containing 4 carbon atoms and at least olefins containing 5 carbon atoms is described for the production of propylene, said process comprising passing said feed into at least one reaction unit provided with at least one catalyst in the form of spherical beads with a diameter in the range 1 to 3 mm, each of said spherical beads comprising at least one zeolite and at least one alumina-based support and having a pore distribution such that the macroporous volume, measured by mercury porosimetry, is in the range 0.10 to 0.20 ml/g and the mesoporous volume, measured by mercury porosimetry, is in the range 0.25 to 0.35 ml/g.
The invention relates to a method for hydrotreatment and/or hydroconversion of a biorenewable charge containing triglyceride and/or fatty acid structures the fatty chains of which have between 8 and 25 carbon atoms said method comprising the following steps: a) hydrotreatment and/or hydroconversion of said biorenewable charge in a bubbling bed reactor in the presence of a granular catalyst with at least one metal or metal compound having a hydrogenation or deshydrogenation function on an amorphous support to give a first stream, b) introduction of the stream produced in a) to a distillation zone from which a gas fraction and at least one distillate cut the final boiling point of which is less than 4000C are obtained.
C10G 49/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
C10G 49/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
70.
EXCHANGER REACTOR HAVING A BAYONET TUBE ALLOWING OPERATION WITH PRESSURE DIFFERENCES OF THE ORDER OF 100 BAR BETWEEN THE TUBE SIDE AND THE SHELL SIDE.
The present invention describes an exchanger reactor intended for implementing endothermic reactions, comprising a shell inside which the heat-transfer fluid flows, said shell enclosing a plurality of tubes inside which the reactive fluid flows, the tubes being of the bayonet type, and the reactor not having a tube plate. This reactor may operate with a pressure difference between the tube side and the shell side that may range up to 100 bar.
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
71.
IM-16 CRYSTALLIZED SOLID AND METHOD OF PREPARATION THEREOF
The invention relates to a crystallized solid, denoted by the name IM-16, which has an X-ray diffraction pattern as given below. Said solid has a chemical composition expressed according to the empirical formula mXO2:nGeO2:pZ2O3:qR:sF:wH20, where R represents one or more organic species, X represents one or more different tetravalent elements of germanium, Z represents at least one trivalent element, and F is fluorine.
C01B 37/02 - Crystalline silica-polymorphs, e.g. silicalites
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
72.
NOVEL COMPLEXES AND METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF GROUP 4 ORGANOMETALLICS GRAFTED ON ANIONS. METHOD FOR OLIGOMERISATION AND POLYMERISATION OF OLEFINS
Novel group 4 organometallic compounds, supported on anions by means of at least one covalent metal-oxygen bond, are obtained by reaction of at least one borate or aluminate comprising at least one hydroxy group with at least one group 4 transition metal compound. Said compounds are used in a catalytic composition of application in a method for oligomerisation or polymerisation of olefins.
The invention relates to a method for separating paraxylene with a purity at least equal to 99.5 wt.-% from an aromatic stream (F) in a single adsorption step in a simulated moving bed in an SMB device including: a zone (1) between the desorbent (D) supply point and the extract (E) extraction point; a zone (2) between the extract (E) extraction point and the stream (F) supply point; a zone (3) between the stream supply point and the raffinate (R) extraction point; and a zone (4) between the raffinate (R) extraction point and the desorbent (D) supply point, said method being performed according to a zone configuration (a, b, c, d) with a, b, c and d representing the number of adsorbent beds operating in zones 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The invention comprises the use of: an SMB with 12 adsorbent beds operating with configuration 2, 5, 3, 2, an SMB with 15 adsorbent beds operating with configuration 3, 6, 4, 2, or an SMB with 19 adsorbent beds operating with configuration 4, 7, 6, 2, paradiethylbenzene being used as the desorbent in the latter case.
B01D 15/18 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
C07C 7/13 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique
The invention relates to a method for separating metaxylene with a purity of at least 99 wt.-% from an aromatic stream (F) in a single adsorption step in a simulated moving bed in an SMB device including: a zone (1) between the desorbent (D) supply point and the extract (E) extraction point; a zone (2) between the extract (E) extraction point and the stream (F) supply point; a zone (3) between the stream supply point and the raffinate (R) extraction point; and a zone (4) between the raffinate (R) extraction point and the desorbent (D) supply point, said method being performed according to a zone configuration (a, b, c, d) with a, b, c and d representing the number of adsorbent beds operating in zones 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The invention comprises the use of: an SMB with 12 adsorbent beds operating with configuration 2, 5, 3, 2, an SMB with 13 adsorbent beds operating with configuration 2, 5, 4, 2, or an SMB with 15 adsorbent beds operating with configuration 2, 6, 4, 3.
C07C 7/13 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
B01D 15/18 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
75.
Method for evaluating an underground reservoir production scheme taking account of uncertainties
The method makes it possible to incorporate an alcohol or a mixture of alcohols into fuels by minimizing the energy expenditure linked to the prior production of the alcohol or of the mixture of alcohols. Use is made of one or more bases of the fuel, having a high content of aromatic compounds selected from a reformed gasoline range, a pyrolysis gasoline range or an LCO-type diesel fuel, optionally with the addition of an oxygenated compound or of a mixture of oxygenated compounds, to extract the alcohol or the mixture of alcohols contained in aqueous solutions produced by biomass fermentation processes. After adjustment of the temperature of the stream of aqueous solution and of the stream containing one or more bases of the fuel through exchangers, these streams are introduced into an extractor. The extract leaving the extractor is then dried and/or supplemented by an oxygenated compound or a mixture of oxygenated compounds. The raffinate leaving the extractor is sent towards a water treatment or recycled. The stream of fuel that has been dried and optionally supplemented by an oxygenated compound or a mixture of oxygenated compounds containing the alcohol or the mixture of alcohols is sent to be stored. The water leaving the drying step is sent to a water treatment or recycled.
The invention relates to a method for testing the performance and/or evolution over time of at least one catalyst CAT for a fixed-bed reactor, including at least the following steps: a testing device CT is connected at a point A of an industrial chemical unit using a reaction feed suited to testing the catalyst CAT, said device comprising at least one hollow metal cartridge MC containing, in particular, the catalyst CAT; a fluid stream formed by a fraction lower than or equal to 1% of the preheated reagents flowing through the industrial chemical unit is collected at point A and conveyed through the catalyst CAT in the cartridge MC at a reaction temperature for a period T; a fraction at least of the effluent from the cartridge MC is collected for chemical analysis; and, optionally, the testing device CT is isolated from the industrial chemical unit without interrupting the operation of the unit and a fraction at least of the catalyst CAT is collected for physical and/or chemical analysis. The invention also relates to an industrial chemical unit including the testing device CT in by-pass configuration.
G01N 31/10 - Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroupsApparatus specially adapted for such methods using catalysis
78.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF A CHEMICAL COMPOUND IN A FLUID STREAM
The invention relates to a method which can be used to collect a chemical compound, typically an impurity, and accumulate said chemical compound on a scavenger mass CAPT in at least one removable adsorbent cartridge MC for a period of more than two days, for the purpose of external chemical analysis. The invention also relates to a suitable device ST for collecting at least one chemical compound from a fluid stream for the detection and/or quantification thereof, including, downstream of the aforementioned cartridge(s), at least one means for measuring the cumulative flow having passed through said cartridge(s) during a pre-determined period of time. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the scavenger mass CAPT is divided into a plurality of elementary masses CAPTi, thereby enabling the evaluation of the spread of an irreversible adsorption front or the movement of a chromatographic zone.
The present invention relates to a method for the recovery of heavy oil or bitumen contained in a geological reservoir (1) comprising: a) a step of injecting an oil extraction fluid into the reservoir, b) a step of producing the heavy oil or bitumen extracted, and c) a step of injecting a diverting agent to limit the circulation of said extraction fluid into the part of the reservoir from where the heavy oil or bitumen has been extracted.
The invention relates to a method for preparing an adsorbent, comprising the following successive steps: cogranulation-based forming of a faujasite-type zeolite powder A together with an alumina powder B, the powder mixture containing between 10 and 70 wt.-% powder A; steam treatment; and drying. The invention also relates to a method for adsorption of organic contaminants containing at least one heteroatom and present in an olefin feed containing at least 50 vol.-% hydrocarbons, said method including a step in which the olefin feed is brought into contact with the adsorbent obtained using the above preparation method.
B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
C10G 25/05 - Removal of non-hydrocarbon compounds, e.g. sulfur compounds
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
81.
REACTION AREA INCLUDING TWO PARALLEL RISERS AND A COMMON GAS SOLID SEPARATION AREA FOR PRODUCING PROPYLENE
The invention relates to a reaction area that comprises at last two fluidised reactors, i.e. a main one for cracking a heavy hydrocarbon cut and an additional one for cracking one or more light cuts, the gaseous effluents of both reactors being processed in a gas-solid separation area with common quenching. The performance level is thus enhanced due to an optimised control of the thermal degradation reactions in the reaction area.
B01D 45/00 - Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
B01D 46/00 - Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
B01D 50/00 - Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
82.
DECANTATION IMPROVEMENT IN A METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALKYL ESTERS FROM VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL OIL AND AN ALIPHATHIC MONOALCOHOL
The invention relates to a method for producing alkyl esters of fatty acids and glycerine using, in a reaction section, a reaction assembly for the transesterification between a vegetable or animal oil and an aliphathic monoalcohol and using a heterogeneous solid catalyst, comprising: a) the step of recontacting the effluent resulting from the reaction section and separated from the excess alcohol with a glycerine phase; b) the step of mixing said effluent with the glycerine phase; and c) the step of decanting the glycerine phase. The supernatant ester phase obtained after decantation is further optionally fed to a coalescer also for separating the glycerine, and to a purification step by adsorption on solids.
The invention relates to a process for preparing a hydroprocessing catalyst comprising the following steps: a) at least one step of impregnating a calcined and/or dried catalytic precursor containing at least one element of group VIII and/or at least one element of group VIB and an amorphous support, with an impregnating solution constituted of at least one phosphorus compound in solution in at least one polar solvent having a dielectric constant of greater than 20, b) a step of maturing said impregnated catalytic precursor derived from step a), and c) a step of drying, without a subsequent calcination step, said catalytic precursor derived from step b).
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
84.
SEPARATION IMPROVEMENT IN A METHOD FOR PRODUCING ACRYLIC ESTERS FROM VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL OIL AND AN ALIPHATHIC MONOALCOHOL
The invention relates to a method for producing alkyl esters of fatty acids and glycerine using, in a reaction section, a reaction assembly for the transesterification between a vegetable or animal oil and an aliphathic monoalcohol and using a heterogeneous solid catalyst, comprising: a) the step of inserting a glycerine phase; b) the step of evaporating the excess alcohol; and c) the step of decanting the glycerine phase. The supernatant ester phase obtained after decantation is further optionally fed to a coalescer also for separating the glycerine, and to a purification step by adsorption on solids. This improved method prevents the formation of micro-emulsions.
The fluid circulating in conduit 1 comprises hydrocarbons, and also acidic compounds to be removed, such as CO2, H2S, COS or mercaptans. The fluid circulating in conduit 1 is brought into contact, in zone ZA, with an aqueous suspension of LDH or of mixed oxides derived from moderate heat treatment of the LDHs, being supplied via conduit 2. The aqueous suspension makes it possible not only to capture the CO2 and H2S, but also the COS and the mercaptans. The fluid depleted of acidic compounds is discharged via conduit 4. The aqueous suspension loaded with acidic compounds is sent, via conduit 3, to the regeneration zone RE.
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01J 20/06 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group
C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
86.
METHOD FOR THE BACTERIAL TREATING OF EFFLUENTS CONTAINING 2-ETHYLHEXYL NITRATE
The invention relates to a method for treating effluents containing 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN)1 or a nitric ester of 2-ethylhexane-1-ol in order to reduce at least partially the concentration thereof, characterised in that it comprises growing in the presence of an appropriate substrate a Corynebacterium urealyticυm bacteria CIP-l-2126 and degrading the 2-EHN contained in the effluents by the biomass of said bacteria thus produced. The invention can be used for depolluting water and ground polluted by 2-EHN.
The invention relates to an enclosure (10) including at least one filler bed (12) and a means (20) for feeding at the bottom of said enclosure a mixture of a liquid and a gas. According to the invention, the enclosure includes a system (22) for separating the liquid phase and the gaseous phase of said mixture, wherein said system is provided between the bed (12) and the means for feeding the mixture, said system including a housing (24) containing flow means (32) for the degassed liquid and discharge means (42, 44, 46, 48; 142, 144, 146, 148) for the released gas.
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
C10G 49/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or
88.
CRYSTALLINE SOLID IZM-2 AND METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF
The invention relates to a crystalline solid, denoted under the name IZM-2, which has an X-ray diffraction pattern as given below. Said solid has a chemical composition expressed, on an anhydrous basis, in terms of moles of oxides, by the following general formula: XO2: aY2O3: bM2/nO, where X is at least one tetravalent element, Y is at least one trivalent element and M is at least one alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal of valency n, a and b respectively representing the number of moles of Y2O3 and M2/nO and a is between 0 and 0.5 and b is between 0 and 1.
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
System for producing power, particularly electrical power, comprising a gas turbine (10) with at least one compressor (12; 12a, 12b) that has at least one compression stage, at least one expansion turbine (16), a heat exchanger (14) between said compressor and said expansion turbine, at a source of hot gases (48, 72). The exchanger is a rotary regenerative exchanger (14) through which the hot gases and compressed gases from said compressor pass.
F02C 7/105 - Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases by means of regenerative heat-exchangers of the rotary type
F02C 1/04 - Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
90.
TWO STEP HYDROPROCESSING OF A LOAD FROM A RENEWABLE SOURCE USING A FIRST METAL CATALYST AND A SECOND SULPHURED CATALYST
The invention relates to a two-step hydroprocessing method for a load from a renewable source that comprises: a) a first so-called soft pre-hydrogenation step carried out in the presence of a first metal catalyst containing at least one hydro-dehydrogenation active phase including at least one metal of the group VIII and/or at least one metal of the group VIB and an amorphous mineral substrate; and b) a second so-called processing step carried out in the presence of a second sulphured catalyst containing at least one hydro-dehydrogenation active phase including at least one non-noble metal of the group VIII and/or at least one metal of the group VIB and an amorphous mineral substrate.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C11C 3/12 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by hydrogenation
C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
91.
PRODUCTION OF VAPOUR-CRACKING LOADS WITH A HIGH YIELD OF THE RESULTING ETHYLENE, PROPYLENE AND POLYMERS BY HYDROPROCESSING OF VEGETABLE OILS
The invention relates to a method for processing a load from a renewable source that comprises a hydroprocessing step in the presence of a fixed-bed catalyst, said catalyst including a hydro-dehydrogenation function and an amorphous substrate, at a temperature of between 50 and 450°C, under a pressure of between 1 and 10 MPa, at a hourly space rate of between 0.1 h-1 and 10 h-1 and in the presence of a total amount of hydrogen mixed with the load such that the hydrogen/load ratio ranges 50 to 1000 Nm3 of hydrogen / m3 of load, followed by the separation from the hydro-processed effluent from step a) of the hydrogen, gases and at least one hydrocarbon liquid effluent including at least 50 % of linear n-paraffins, and the vapour-cracking of at least a portion of the liquid hydrocarbon effluent from step b).
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
C10G 69/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of thermal cracking in the absence of hydrogen
B01J 23/40 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of noble metals of the platinum group metals
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
C11C 3/12 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by hydrogenation
92.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING MIDDLE DISTILLATES BY HYDROISOMERISATION AND HYDROCRACKING OF A HEAVY FRACTION FROM A FISCHER-TROPSCH EFFLUENT
The invention relates to a method in which the paraffin effluent from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit is separated in order to obtain a C5+ heavy fraction, said heavy fraction being then hydrogenated in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of between 100°C and 180°C, at a global pressure of between 0.5 and 6 MPa, at an hourly volumetric rate of between 1 and 10h-1, and at a hydrogen flow rate corresponding to a volumetric hydrogen/hydrocarbon ratio of between 5 and 80 Nl/l/h, the liquid hydrogenated effluent being then contacted with a hydroisomerisation / hydrocracking catalyst without any preliminary separation step, the hydroisomerised/hydrocracked effluent being then distilled for obtaining the middle distillates and optionally oil bases.
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
93.
Method of estimating the permeability of a fracture network from a connectivity analysis
A method for optimizing the development of a fractured hydrocarbon reservoir wherein the network permeability is determined using a reliable compromise between numerical and analytical methods which has application to oil reservoir development. The reservoir is discretized into a set of grid cells and a geometrical description of the fracture network in each cell is elaborated. A connectivity index is then deduced within each cell for the fractures. The permeability of the fracture network of the cells whose connectivity index is above a first threshold is determined and a zero permeability value is assigned in the other cells. Other thresholds can be determined so as to choose between a numerical method and an analytical method to determine the permeability. These permeabilities are exploited in a flow simulator so as to optimize the development of the reservoir.
An enclosure includes at least one packed bed and a mixture supply line for delivering at the bottom of the enclosure a mixture of a liquid with a gas. The enclosure includes a system for separating the liquid phase and the gas phase of the mixture, the system being arranged between the bed and the mixture supply line, and this system including a housing having a flow passage for the degassed liquid and discharge passages for the disengaged gas.
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
The invention describes a process for preparing a zeolite EU-1 having an XO2/Y2O3 ratio between 10 and 100 that comprises the following steps: a) mixing, in an aqueous medium, of at least one source of at least one oxide XO2, X being chosen from silicon and/or germanium, of at least one source of at least one oxide Y2O3, Y being chosen from aluminium, iron, gallium and boron and of at least one organic structurant Q, b) drying the reaction medium derived from step a) at a temperature below 200°C, c) hydrothermal treatment of the dry reaction mixture derived from step b) in an autoclave, said dry reaction mixture not being in contact with a liquid phase at the bottom of the autoclave.
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
96.
METHOD FOR HYDROGENATING AN AROMATIC CHARGE USING AS A CATALYST A SUSPENSION OF METAL NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING A NITROGEN LIGAND IN AN IONIC LIQUID
The invention relates to a method for hydrogenating an aromatic charge using as a catalytic composition a suspension of metal nanoparticles having an average size of between 1 and 20 nm in at least one non-aqueous ionic liquid, said suspension also including a nitrogen ligand, wherein said metal nanoparticles include a transition metal at a zero valence state, the transition metal being selected from the Groups 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the periodic table and said nitrogen ligand including from 1 to n nitrogen atoms, n being an integer between 1 and 20.
B01J 31/18 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
B01J 31/02 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
B01J 23/46 - Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
C07C 5/10 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of aromatic six-membered rings
C10G 45/52 - Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
97.
CATALYTIC COMPOSITION INCLUDING METAL NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING A NITROGEN LIGAND IN AN IONIC LIQUID, METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME AND METHOD FOR HYDROGENATING AN OLEFINIC LOAD
The invention relates to a suspension of metal nanoparticles having an average size of between 1 and 20 nm in at least one non-aqueous ionic liquid said suspension also including at least one nitrogen ligand, wherein said metal nanoparticles include at least one zero-valence state transition metal selected from rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, nickel, and platinum alone or in combination, and wherein said nitrogen ligand is selected from the group including linear compounds including at least one nitrogen atom, non-aromatic cyclic compounds including at least one nitrogen atom, non-condensed aromatic compounds including at least one nitrogen atom, condensed aromatic compounds including one group of two aromatic cycles condensed by pairs and at least one nitrogen atom, condensed aromatic compounds including at least three aromatic cycles and one nitrogen atom, and condensed aromatic compounds including at least three aromatic cycles and at least two nitrogen atoms on the same aromatic cycle.
B22F 9/24 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
B22F 9/26 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions using gaseous reductors
B22F 1/00 - Metallic powderTreatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
98.
INSTALLATION FOR COOLING RECIRCULATED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE EXHAUST GASES AND CONTROL VALVE FOR THE FLOW OF SAID GASES
The invention relates to an installation for cooling recirculated internal combustion engine exhaust gases, in particular from a diesel engine, comprising a flow circuit (12) for a cooling fluid and a flow circuit for the recirculated exhaust gases (14), comprising a gas cooler (46) with an internal free space (118), through which the cooling fluid flows and a control valve (48) for the gas flow in said circuit. According to the invention, the installation comprises means for cooling said valve.
The method comprises the determination of set-point values of physical parameters linked to the intake of gaseous oxidizer into the combustion chamber, and a set-point value ϑref inf of the crankshaft angle at which a fuel must be injected into the combustion chamber. While the engine control system drives actuators so that the values of the physical parameters are equal to the set-point values, the set-point value ϑref inf is corrected before the physical parameters reach their set-point values, by taking account of the differences between the real values of the physical parameters and the set-point values of these parameters. Finally, the engine control system drives the injection of fuel into the combustion chamber when the crankshaft angle is equal to this corrected set-point value ϑref inf in order to retain optimum combustion. Applicable to combustion control in diesel engines.
The present invention relates to a process for enriching a gaseous effluent with acid compounds that comprises the following steps: a feed gas and a mixture of at least two liquid phases that are immiscible with each other, including one aqueous phase, are fed into a contacter R1, wherein the feed gas contains at least some acid compounds; predetermined pressure and temperature conditions for the formation of hydrates consisting of water and the acid compounds are established in said contacter; the hydrates are transported in a dispersion in the phase that is immiscible with the aqueous phase by pumping P1 to a flask R2 for dissociation of the hydrates; conditions for dissociation of the hydrates are established in the flask; and the gas generated by the dissociation, which is enriched with acid compounds compared to the feed gas, is discharged.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
patents
