The invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst based on a high-purity Nu-86 zeolite and on iron, comprising at least the following steps:
i) mixing, in aqueous medium, of at least one source of silicon (Si) in SiO2 oxide form, at least one source of aluminum (Al) in Al2O3 oxide form, a nitrogen-containing organic compound R, R being octamethonium bromide (OctBr2), at least two sodium sources, one of these being sodium bromide (NaBr), until a homogeneous precursor gel is obtained;
ii) maturation of the gel so as to promote the formation of said zeolite to the detriment of impurities; iii) hydrothermal treatment of said precursor gel in order to obtain a solid crystalline phase; iv) at least one ion exchange with iron, v) heat treatment.
The invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst based on a high-purity Nu-86 zeolite and on iron, comprising at least the following steps:
i) mixing, in aqueous medium, of at least one source of silicon (Si) in SiO2 oxide form, at least one source of aluminum (Al) in Al2O3 oxide form, a nitrogen-containing organic compound R, R being octamethonium bromide (OctBr2), at least two sodium sources, one of these being sodium bromide (NaBr), until a homogeneous precursor gel is obtained;
ii) maturation of the gel so as to promote the formation of said zeolite to the detriment of impurities; iii) hydrothermal treatment of said precursor gel in order to obtain a solid crystalline phase; iv) at least one ion exchange with iron, v) heat treatment.
The invention also relates to the catalyst which is capable of being obtained or directly obtained by the process and to the use thereof for the conversion of NOx and/or N2O.
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
2.
PROCESS FOR RECYCLING USED PLASTICS BASED ON POLYPROPYLENE USING A LIGHT HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
The present invention relates to a process for purifying a plastic feedstock comprising polypropylene, involving:
a) dissolving the plastic feedstock in a dissolution solvent comprising a hydrocarbon-based compound having a boiling point of between −15° C. and 100° C., at a dissolution temperature of between 150° C. and 250° C., a dissolution pressure of between 1.0 and 18.0 MPa absolute, to obtain a crude polymer solution;
b) purifying the crude polymer solution, comprising:
b1) separation of the insoluble matter;
b2) washing, with a dense solution;
b3) extraction, with an extraction solvent; and/or
b4) adsorption of the impurities; and then
c) solvent-polymer separation, using a supercritical separation section, at a temperature of between 160 and 300° C. and a pressure of between 2.7 and 10.0 MPa absolute, followed by at least one solvent recovery section, to obtain purified polypropylene.
The invention relates to a device and a method for deacidifying a gaseous effluent (EF) including acid compounds, in which the following steps are carried out: a) the gaseous effluent (EF) is placed in contact with an absorbent solution (SAR); b) the absorbent solution loaded with acid compounds (SA) is separated into a gaseous fraction (FG), a first liquid fraction (FL1) and a second liquid fraction (FL2); c) the absorbent solution (SA) and/or the second liquid fraction (FL2) is heated in at least two heat exchangers (E101A, E101B); d) a first portion of absorbent solution (SA) is diverted upstream of the first heat exchanger (E101A) and a second portion is diverted downstream of the first heat exchanger (E101A); e) the absorbent solution is regenerated so as to release the acid compounds into an outgoing gas stream, the absorbent solution depleted in acid compounds (SR) exiting the regeneration column (C102) and being recycled.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
The invention relates to a crosslinkable anionic electrolyte precursor, comprising: - a first hydrocarbon monomer comprising two thiol functions and a second hydrocarbon monomer comprising two C=C double bonds, - a charge carrier comprising a hydrocarbon compound comprising at least one or two C=C double bonds and an organic cation, said cation being in particular associated with an anion, - and a crosslinking agent comprising a hydrocarbon compound or a siloxane comprising at least three C=C double bonds.
The present invention relates to a process for purifying a plastic feedstock, involving:
a) a dissolution step involving placing the plastic feedstock in contact with a dissolution solvent comprising a hydrocarbon-based compound with a boiling point of between −15 and 100° C., at a dissolution temperature of between 120° C. and 250° C. and a dissolution pressure of between 1.0 and 25.0 MPa, to obtain a crude polymer solution;
b) a step of purifying the crude polymer solution to obtain a purified polymer solution, involving:
b1) separating out the insoluble matter;
b2) washing, by contact with a dense solution;
b3) extraction, by contact with an extraction solvent; and/or
b4) adsorption of the impurities; and then
c) a solvent-polymer separation step, using a supercritical separation section, operated between 160 and 300° C. and at a pressure between 2.7 and 10.0 MPa, followed by at least one solvent recovery section, to obtain purified thermoplastics.
C08J 11/08 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions using selective solvents for polymer components
6.
SYNTHESIS OF LEVULINIC ACID BY HYDRATION OF FURFURYL ALCOHOL IN THE PRESENCE OF A HOMOGENEOUS ACID CATALYST AND OF A SOLVENT BASED ON ETHER AND/OR ACETALS
The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing levulinic acid by hydration of furfuryl alcohol at a temperature of between 25 and 140° C. in the presence of a homogeneous acid catalyst and of an ether- and/or acetal-based solvent. The use of such a solvent makes it possible to obtain an equivalent or even better yield compared to those obtained with known solvents, while at the same time exhibiting high stability properties.
Disclosed is a method for preparing an electrochemically activated electrode for electrochemical reduction reactions, the electrode comprising at least one catalytic material based on at least one group VIB metal supported on an electrically conductive support, the method consisting in carrying out an electrochemical treatment on an electrode comprising at least one catalytic material based on at least one group VIB metal supported on an electrically conductive support. The electrochemical treatment, which is carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV) or chronoamperometry (CA), consists of a step of oxidation under specific conditions.
C25B 11/075 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
Disclosed is a method for preparing an electrochemically activated electrode for electrochemical reduction reactions, the electrode comprising at least one catalytic material based on at least one fluorinated group VIB metal, the method consisting in carrying out an oxidative electrochemical treatment on an electrode comprising at least one catalytic material based on at least one fluorinated group VIB metal.
C25B 11/075 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
Disclosed is a method for preparing a catalytic material of an electrode for electrochemical reduction reactions, the catalytic material comprising an active phase based on at least one group VIB metal and fluorine. The method consists in bringing a solid material based on at least one group VIB metal sulphide into contact with a gas comprising at least difluorine, at a temperature of between -50°C and 150°C, for a duration of between 15 seconds and 120 minutes, the gas having a difluorine concentration of between 0.1 and 100% by volume relative to the total volume of the gas, a pressure of between 0.001 and 0.2 MPa, and a PPH of between 0.01 and 200 h-1.
C25B 11/075 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
04 - Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; fuels
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Chemical solvents used for treating natural gas except for medical and veterinary purposes Treatment of natural gas Technical consultancy in the field of gas cleaning with the function of capturing carbon dioxide; drafting of construction plans, technical project studies, industrial research and development in the field of treatment of natural gas; engineering studies and surveying, namely, surveys, evaluations, appraisals, research and drafting of reports in the field of treatment of natural gas
11.
METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING NATURAL TEXTILE FIBERS AND/OR CHEMICAL TEXTILE FIBERS PRESENT IN A LIQUID EFFLUENT
A method for quantifying natural fibers and/or chemical fibers present in a liquid effluent from a textile treatment device. A sample of the liquid effluent or its filtration residue is heated in an inert atmosphere between an initial temperature (TO) of at most 290°C and a final temperature (TF) of at least 550°C, and a curve of the evolution, as a function of the temperature, of a representative amount of hydrocarbon compounds released by the sample is measured. From predefined initial, intermediate (Tl) and final integration temperatures of said curve, an amount of hydrocarbon compounds released by the natural fibers of the sample and/or an amount of hydrocarbon compounds released by the chemical fibers of the sample is determined. Then, on the basis of predetermined laws of correlation, a mass percentage of natural fibers and/or chemical fibers present in the sample is deduced therefrom.
G01N 25/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures
A method for preparing a catalyst from catalyst fines comprising a group VIB metal, a group VIII metal, and an oxide support, said fines having a D90 size of less than or equal to 500 micrometers, the method comprising the following steps: a) mixing said fines and an extrusion aid, and optionally an inorganic oxide binder; b) kneading the mixture obtained in step a) by adding an aqueous solution containing a carboxylic acid; c) optionally adding a neutralizing agent chosen from an inorganic base and an organic base to said mixture obtained in step b); d) shaping the mixture obtained in step b) or c) by extrusion in order to obtain a solid; e) drying the solid obtained in step d) at a temperature below 200°C, without subsequently calcining it.
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
A method for preparing a catalyst comprising a group VIB metal and/or a group VIII metal, and an oxide support: a) providing fines having a D90 size of less than or equal to 500 micrometers of a catalyst comprising a group VIB metal and/or a group VIII metal, and an oxide support; b) extracting a portion of the group VIB metal and/or a portion of the group VIII metal from said fines with an extraction solution comprising an acid to obtain a solution of extracted metal(s) and a leaching residue; c) preparing a mixture comprising said leaching residue obtained in step b) and an extrusion agent; d) kneading; e) optionally adding a neutralizing agent; f) shaping; g) drying.
C10G 49/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
The present invention relates to a control device for a transmission, which comprises two motion transmission paths (TR1, TR2), one with a one-way coupling (10) and one with a driven coupling (12). The control device controls the driven coupling (12) to move into the open position depending on the speed of rotation of the secondary shaft of the transmission and its relative direction of rotation between the pinion (toothed wheel) and shaft which are connected by the one-way coupling (with respect to the direction of drive of the one-way coupling). In addition, the control device controls the driven coupling (12) to move into the closed position when the relative direction of rotation of the shaft is in the reverse direction to the direction of drive of the one-way coupling, so as to assist the performance of the transmission for recovering energy via the electric machine.
F16H 3/10 - Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously- meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with one or more one-way clutches as an essential feature
F16H 61/02 - Control functions within change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion characterised by the signals used
The invention relates to an automatic gear transmission system for a vehicle including a motor capable of rotating an input shaft (1), the system comprising a first short-gear clutch device and a second long-gear clutch device according to the speed of rotation of the output shaft (1), the clutch devices comprising a common hub (9), or separate hubs, which is mechanically connected to the output shaft (1) and which includes: - drive means for transmitting the movement of the input shaft to the output shaft; - disengageable coupling means, which couple the drive means to the output shaft; - at least one control device capable of controlling the engagement and disengagement of the clutch devices, in order to switch from one gear to the other; and - a one-way coupling means (6) between the drive means of the first short-gear clutch device and the output shaft (1).
F16H 3/089 - Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously- meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
F16H 3/10 - Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously- meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with one or more one-way clutches as an essential feature
F16H 61/02 - Control functions within change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion characterised by the signals used
16.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CELLULOLYTIC AND/OR HEMICELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES
The present invention relates to a process for producing cellulolytic and/or hemicellulolytic enzymes by a cellulolytic and/or hemicellulolytic microorganism, said process comprising at least:
a) a phase of growing the microorganism in the presence of at least one carbon-based substrate, followed by
b) a phase of producing the enzymes in the presence of at least one inducing substrate,
and also:
c) a phase of preparing a carbon-based substrate comprising glucose and/or fructose, which carbon-based substrate is used in either and/or both of the growth phase a) and production phase b), said preparation phase comprising a step c1) of hydrolysis in an acidic aqueous medium, of sucrose to glucose and fructose.
The invention relates to an automatic gear transmission system (2) for a vehicle, including an electric machine (1) capable of actuating an input shaft (10), and which comprises: - first drive means for transmitting the movement of the input shaft to an output shaft (8) and first coupling means of the drive means comprising a passive centrifugal control (12) with centrifugal friction surfaces (13), for a first gear ratio; - second drive means for transmitting the movement of the input shaft (10) to the output shaft (8) and a one-way coupling means capable of coupling the second drive means to the output shaft, for a second gear ratio, the first coupling means being - disengaged for a rotational speed of the output shaft (8) lower than a speed threshold in the drive direction of the one-way coupling and - engaged in the direction opposite to the drive direction.
F16H 3/089 - Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously- meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
F16H 3/10 - Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously- meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with one or more one-way clutches as an essential feature
18.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING SILICA-ALUMINA HAVING HIGH ACIDITY
The present invention describes a method for preparing an amorphous silica-alumina-based material having incorporated therein, by means of precipitation, at least one acid solution and/or suspension of an aluminium source together with colloidal alumino-silicate particles having the structure of zeolite and conferring on the final material improved acidity relative to silica-alumina of the prior art, thereby providing a catalyst or a catalyst support that can be used in hydroconversion reactions.
The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of a plastics pyrolysis oil, comprising:
a hydrotreating of the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst,
a separation/scrubbing of the hydrotreated effluent in the presence of an aqueous solution in order to obtain at least a first aqueous effluent and a hydrotreated hydrocarbon effluent,
a separation of the H2S contained in the first aqueous effluent, in order to obtain a gas phase containing the H2S and a second aqueous effluent, it being possible for said gas phase containing the H2S to be, at least partly, recycled upstream of stage b),
a separation of the NH3 contained in the second aqueous effluent in order to obtain a gas phase containing NH3 and a third aqueous effluent.
The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of a plastics pyrolysis oil, comprising:
a hydrotreating of the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst,
a separation/scrubbing of the hydrotreated effluent in the presence of an aqueous solution in order to obtain at least a first aqueous effluent and a hydrotreated hydrocarbon effluent,
a separation of the H2S contained in the first aqueous effluent, in order to obtain a gas phase containing the H2S and a second aqueous effluent, it being possible for said gas phase containing the H2S to be, at least partly, recycled upstream of stage b),
a separation of the NH3 contained in the second aqueous effluent in order to obtain a gas phase containing NH3 and a third aqueous effluent.
The present invention makes it possible, by the recycling of the H2S resulting from the process, to decrease the consumption of sulfiding agent for keeping the catalysts in the sulfide form in feedstocks containing only a little sulfur.
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
20.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING 5-HMF COMPRISING FILTRATION WITH RESUSPENSION OF A FILTERED SOLID PHASE
The invention relates to a method for producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), the method comprising, in sequence: a) bringing a feedstock (1) containing 5-HMF and a polar aprotic synthesis solvent into contact with an aqueous stream; b) liquid-solid separation, comprising two steps of filtration separated by resuspension of a filter cake; c) liquid-liquid extraction with an organic extraction solvent, followed by a step d) of backwashing with an aqueous solvent to obtain an organic raffinate rich in 5-HMF and in solvent. The optionally concentrated organic raffinate is then subjected to a purification step f), for example hydrodistillation or crystallisation, to obtain a 5-HMF stream, for example in the form of an aqueous solution of 5-HMF or crystalline 5-HMF.
The present invention relates to a process for separating levulinic acid from a composition comprising levulinic acid and humins, wherein said composition is subjected to a step of thermal separation in the presence of a flux having a boiling point greater than that of the levulinic acid, so as to obtain a light fraction containing the levulinic acid and a heavy fraction containing the humins and said flux. The presence of a flux makes it possible to reduce the viscosity of the humins and to increase the recovery rate of levulinic acid.
ClostridiumClostridiumClostridium, so as to allow the production of ethanol by said bacteria. Additionally described are methods, tools and kits for obtaining said bacteria, the genetically modified bacteria obtained, and the uses of same.
A column for the liquid-liquid extraction of a feedstock by an extraction solvent, containing sieve trays (Pi) for a dispersed phase (B) to pass through, the sieve trays being spaced apart by an inter-tray space (8), and riser/downcomer conduits (6), a riser/downcomer conduit being an opening that allows a continuous phase (A) to pass through a sieve tray, the extraction column (1) containing, in alternation, type-I sieve trays containing two peripheral riser/downcomer conduits, and type-II sieve trays containing a single central riser/downcomer conduit, wherein: the height H1 of the inter-tray spaces situated directly downstream of the type-I trays, in the direction of flow of the continuous phase, is greater than the height H2 of the inter-tray spaces positioned directly downstream of the type-II trays. Also, a liquid-liquid extraction method that makes use of the liquid-liquid extraction column.
C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
24.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING BASES FOR PETROCHEMISTRY COMPRISING FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING, OLIGOCRACKING, FIXED-BED HYDROCRACKING, CATALYTIC REFORMING AND STEAM CRACKING
The present invention relates to a method for producing olefins and aromatics from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising crude oil, the method comprising the following steps: a) an atmospheric distillation step; b) a fluid catalytic cracking step; c) a fixed-bed hydrocracking step; d) a steam cracking step; e) a catalytic reforming step; f) a step of converting and/or separating the aromatics; g) a step of oligomerization and catalytic cracking in one step.
C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
C10G 47/02 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
C10G 69/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
25.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING BASES FOR PETROCHEMISTRY COMPRISING FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING, FIXED-BED HYDROCRACKING, CATALYTIC REFORMING AND STEAM CRACKING
The present invention relates to a method for producing olefins and aromatics from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising crude oil, the method comprising the following steps: a) an atmospheric distillation step; b) a fluid catalytic cracking step; c) a fixed-bed hydrocracking step; d) a steam cracking step; e) a catalytic reforming step; f) a step of converting and/or separating the aromatics.
C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
C10G 47/02 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
C10G 69/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
26.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING BASES FOR PETROCHEMISTRY COMPRISING FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING, OLIGOMERIZATION, FIXED-BED HYDROCRACKING, CATALYTIC REFORMING AND STEAM CRACKING
The present invention relates to a method for producing olefins and aromatics from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising crude oil, the method comprising the following steps: a) an atmospheric distillation step; b) a fluid catalytic cracking step; c) a fixed-bed hydrocracking step; d) a steam cracking step; e) a catalytic reforming step; f) a step of converting and/or separating the aromatics; g) a step of oligomerizing the olefins.
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
C10G 47/02 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
C10G 69/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
2222222-depleted gaseous effluent by means of Fischer-Tropsch (10) in order to produce a hydrocarbon effluent (11) and a first gaseous FT effluent (13); treating the hydrocarbon effluent by means of hydroconversion (19) in order to produce at least one first C8-C22 hydrocarbon cut (20) and a second C4-C8 hydrocarbon cut (23); and converting the first gaseous FT effluent, at least in part, and the second hydrocarbon cut, at least in part, into synthesis gas (24) in a reaction unit for the conversion of by-products, in order to produce a second synthesis gas (25) which is sent for separation with the first synthesis gas.
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C10G 45/60 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used
C10G 47/02 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
C10G 49/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or characterised by the catalyst used
28.
METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF A CATALYST BY SELECTIVE EXTRACTION FROM AN ARSENIC- AND VANADIUM-CONTAMINATED CATALYST
A method for producing a catalyst comprising a group VIB metal and/or a group VIII metal and an oxide support, characterized in that the method comprises recycling the group VIB and/or group VIII metals from a source catalyst containing a metal shared with the catalyst to be produced, said source catalyst being contaminated with coke, vanadium and arsenic, the method comprising: - extracting the vanadium with an extraction solution comprising sulfuric acid, then - a regeneration, then - extracting the group VIB and/or group VIII metal or metals with an extraction solution comprising an organic compound having complexing properties, then - impregnating the support with an impregnation solution derived from said solution of extracted group VIII and/or group VIB metal/metals, the extracted metal(s) remaining in the liquid phase from the extraction with sulfuric acid until the impregnation.
The present invention relates to a method for treating an aqueous effluent, the effluent comprising: - a metal selected from the list consisting of copper, zinc, nickel, chromium, tin, aluminium, iron, cobalt, silver, gold, palladium and rhodium, alone or in combination; - a salt comprising an anion chosen from the list consisting of sulphate, chloride, nitrate, fluoride, sulphamate, acetate, carbonate, citrate, cyanide, hydroxide, nitrite, oxide and phosphate alone or in combination, and a cation chosen from the list consisting of calcium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, quaternary ammonium, iron, magnesium, pyridinium and lithium alone or in combination, the method comprising a step a) of bringing the effluent into contact with at least one alumina-based solid, the solid being obtained by a method comprising the following steps: i) an aluminium hydroxide or an aluminium oxide hydroxide undergoes sudden dehydration, by flashing, in order to obtain an active alumina powder; ii) the active alumina powder obtained in step i) is shaped to obtain a solid in the form of a bead or extrudate; iii) the solid obtained in step ii) is heat treated; iv) the heat-treated solid obtained in step iii) undergoes hydrothermal treatment; v) the treated solid obtained in step iv) is calcined.
B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxideSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
C02F 1/28 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
C02F 101/20 - Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
B01J 20/06 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group
30.
METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF A CATALYST BY SELECTIVE EXTRACTION FROM A CONTAMINATED CATALYST
A method for producing a catalyst comprising a group VIB metal and/or a group VIII metal and an oxide(s)-based support, the method comprising recycling the group VIB and/or group VIII metal(s) from a source catalyst comprising a group VIB and/or group VIII metal shared with the catalyst to be produced, said source catalyst being contaminated, in particular with arsenic, the method comprising: - extracting the group VIB metal and/or the group VIII metal from the source catalyst with an extraction solution containing an organic compound having complexing properties so as to obtain a solution of extracted metal/metals, then - impregnating the support with an impregnation solution derived from the solution of extracted metal/metals, so as to obtain an impregnated substrate, the extracted metal or metals remaining in the liquid phase from the extraction to the impregnation.
B01J 38/62 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using acids organic
B01J 38/68 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended including substantial dissolution or chemical precipitation of a catalyst component in the ultimate reconstitution of the catalyst
31.
METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF A CATALYST BY SELECTIVE EXTRACTION FROM AN ARSENIC- AND VANADIUM-CONTAMINATED CATALYST
A method for producing a catalyst comprising a group VIB metal and/or a group VIII metal and an oxide support, characterized in that said method comprises recycling the group VIB and/or group VIII metals from a source catalyst containing a metal shared with the catalyst to be produced, said source catalyst being contaminated with coke, vanadium and arsenic, the method comprising: - a regeneration, then - extracting the vanadium with an extraction solution containing an alcohol, then - extracting the group VIB and/or group VIII metal or metals with an extraction solution comprising an organic compound having complexing properties, then - impregnating the support with an impregnation solution obtained from the solution of extracted group VIII and/or group VIB metal/metals, the extracted metal(s) remaining in the liquid phase from the extraction with an extraction solution containing an alcohol until the impregnation.
The present invention relates to a method for decontaminating a spent catalyst comprising a group VIB metal and/or a group VIII metal, and a porous support based on oxide(s), and comprising coke and metal contaminants including at least nickel and vanadium, said method comprising: - a step of extracting at least one portion of metal contaminants from said spent catalyst by bringing said spent catalyst into contact with an extraction solution comprising sulfuric acid and at least one alcohol, in order to obtain a spent catalyst depleted in vanadium and nickel contaminants, which can be recycled in a method for hydroconversion or hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon feedstocks, and a liquid extract comprising at least vanadium and nickel. The invention also relates to a method for hydroconversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing metals incorporating the recycling of a catalyst obtained by decontamination according to the decontamination method described.
The invention relates to a method for simulating a wind farm in a predetermined space, for which at least the following consecutive steps are carried out: a) different grids are formed (GR) in the predetermined space; b) for each grid, the average annual energy production of a mini-farm (AEP-mf) is determined; c) a few grids are selected (Ch) that allow energy production to be maximised; d) for each grid, a first arrangement (Alg1) of the predefined number of wind turbines is determined on the grid; e) the position (Alg2) of the wind turbines on the grid is modified; f) second grids (Gr2) are formed with modified spacings, and steps d) and e) are repeated; g) third grids (Gr3) are formed with modified directions, and steps d) and e) are repeated; h) a final layout (Disp_F) of the wind turbines in the predetermined space is determined for the construction (Const) of the wind farm according to this layout.
METHOD FOR MANAGING THE ENERGY OF A HYBRID VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH AN ON-BOARD NAVIGATION SYSTEM AND AN ELECTRIC DRIVETRAIN COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE ELECTRIC MACHINE
The invention relates to a method for managing the energy of a vehicle having a navigation system and an electric machine (MEL) powered by a system for converting fuel into electricity and a system for storing electrical energy: a) entering a destination in a navigation system; b) the navigation system computing the route; c) applying a predictive model of the vehicle to the route in order to deduce the predicted required power profile (Preq); d) managing the power supply of the electric machine (MEL), with d0) measuring the state of charge (SoC) of the electrical energy storage system (BAT); d1) control computation of the electrical energy sources (BAT, FC) on the basis of the predicted power profile (Preq) predicted by Pontryagin's maximum principle (PMP) in order to determine the optimal profile of the state of charge (SoC); and d2) determining the electricity control in real time in order to power the electric machine (MEL).
B60W 10/08 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
B60L 15/20 - Methods, circuits or devices for controlling the propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles, e.g. their traction-motor speed, to achieve a desired performanceAdaptation of control equipment on electrically-propelled vehicles for remote actuation from a stationary place, from alternative parts of the vehicle or from alternative vehicles of the same vehicle train for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
B60W 10/26 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
B60W 20/12 - Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand using control strategies taking into account route information
B60K 6/28 - Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
B60K 6/32 - Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the fuel cells
B60K 6/24 - Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
B60W 10/28 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of fuel cells
B60L 50/40 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
B60W 50/00 - Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit
35.
PISTON FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, SUITABLE FOR AERODYNAMIC MOVEMENT OF GAS
The present invention relates to a piston (1) of an internal-combustion engine, comprising recesses for intake (2) and exhaust (3) valves, and a connecting surface (4) between intake (2) and exhaust (3) valve recesses, this connecting surface (4) comprising an inclined portion (5) in the direction of the at least one exhaust valve recess (3).
F02F 3/28 - Other pistons with specially-shaped head
F02B 23/10 - Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
36.
LOW-TEMPERATURE DENOX CATALYST FOR INDUSTRIAL FLUE GASES
The present invention comprises an active phase comprising manganese (Mn), at least one first group VIII element chosen from iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni), said catalyst comprising a porous support comprising at least one refractory oxide chosen from titanium dioxide, silica, alumina, silica-alumina, zirconia and ceria, used pure or as a mixture with one another, particularly intended for the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Said catalyst comprises between 0.1% and 15% by weight of manganese element and between 0.1% and 20% by weight of group VIII element relative to the total weight of the catalyst such that the molar ratio between the manganese and the group VIII element is between 0.1 and 30 mol/mol. The active phase is characterized in the form of nanoparticles having a size of between 1 nm and 30 nm, measured by transmission electron microscopy.
The present invention relates to a catalytic composition for the selective oligomerisation of ethylene, in particular for the trimerisation of ethylene into 1-hexene, which catalytic composition comprises: - a titanium-based metal precursor of formula (I); and - an aluminoxane-type activator. The invention further relates to a method for the oligomerisation of ethylene, preferably for the selective trimerisation of ethylene to 1-hexene, which method uses the catalytic composition according to the invention.
B01J 31/02 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
B01J 31/14 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
B01J 31/18 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
The invention relates to a method for determining a free surface elevation (ESL) of an area of a body of water: 1) forming a training database of pairs of images (W, R), each pair consisting of an FSE image (W) and a radar return image (R), the two images of a single pair corresponding to a single area and an identical or similar point in time; 2) adding, to each pair of images (W, R), spatial characteristics of the area, comprising the position with respect to the radar and to the main direction(s) of the waves; 3) training deep neural networks with this database, using the spatial characteristics to specialise the neural networks and obtain an FSE reconstruction model; 4) acquiring real return images by means of a radar; and 5) applying the model to the real radar return images to obtain the FSE.
The invention relates to a method for calibrating a wind turbine controller model in which at least the following steps are carried out: a) on the basis of the measurements (Mes) carried out, a speed ratio and blade orientation angle are associated (Ass) with certain wind speeds, b) for each wind speed, a definitive speed ratio (Ld) and a definitive blade orientation angle (Bd) are determined (Opt_cont), in order to minimize an optimization problem, c) the controller model is calibrated (ContInv) so that it associates the definitive speed ratio and/or the definitive blade orientation angle with each wind speed.
The invention relates to a method for calibrating a model of a wind-turbine rotor comprising a plurality of blade portions, on the basis of measurements (Mes) and of input curves, wherein at least the following steps are carried out: a) on the basis of the measurements taken, associating (Ass), with certain wind speeds, a gear ratio and an angle of orientation of the blades; b) constructing (Cons) modifying curves for lift and drag coefficients (C1_port, C1_train) and determining, for various sets (Jp) of parameters, maps of power coefficients (Cart_P) and of thrust coefficient (Cart_T); c) generating comparative curves of power coefficient (C1_P) and thrust coefficient (C1_T); d) retaining as final modification parameters (Jp_opt), the sets of modification parameters making it possible to minimize a predefined function; e) calibrating (Cal1) the aerodynamic characteristics of the rotor model.
A catalyst based on a zeolite of AFX structural type and on at least one transition metal, can be prepared by a process comprising at least the following steps: i) mixing, in an aqueous medium, of at least one source of silicon in oxide form SiO2, of at least one source of aluminium in oxide form Al2O3, of an organic nitrogen-comprising compound R, of at least one source of at least one alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal M until a homogeneous precursor gel is obtained; ii) hydrothermal treatment of said precursor gel to obtain a crystallized solid phase, iii) at least one ion exchange with a transition metal; iv) heat treatment. The catalyst can be used for the selective reduction of NOx employing the catalyst, and can achieve an NOx conversion (conversion=(NOx inlet−NOx outlet)/NOx inlet) of 100% at a temperature of 430° C. or lower.
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operationControl specially adapted for catalytic conversion
42.
CATALYTIC MATERIAL BASED ON A GROUP VIB ELEMENT AND A GROUP IVB ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN BY ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER
CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE (CNRS) (France)
UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD (LYON 1) (France)
GRENOBLE INP (INSTITUT POLYTECHNIQUE DE GRENOBLE) (France)
UNIVERSITE SAVOIE MONT BLANC (France)
UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES (France)
Inventor
Bonduelle, Audrey
Obadia, Mona Marie
Cacciuttolo, Quentin
Steinmann, Stephan
Abidi, Nawras
Dubau, Laetitia
Sibert, Eric
Abstract
A catalytic material comprising at least one group VIB metal at least partly in sulfide form, at least one group IVB metal at least partly in sulfide form, and an electrically conductive support wherein said group VIB metal is chosen from molybdenum and/or tungsten, said group IVB metal is chosen from titanium, zirconium and/or hafnium.
C25B 11/091 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compoundElectrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
The present invention relates to a system and a method for contactless measurement of the temperature of a portion (3') of an object (3) coated with a layer of a phosphor material from the zinc oxide family, by means of a light source (1) emitting in a wavelength range at least partially covering a range between 360 and 480 nm, and means for measuring a light intensity as a function of wavelength (5), covering at least one portion of the range of the light source (1), wherein a light intensity of the radiation scattered by the portion of the object is measured as a function of wavelength. Next, on the basis of the measurement of the light intensity as a function of wavelength, a value of at least one parameter is determined, and the temperature of the portion (3') of the object (3) is determined from the value of the parameter and a predetermined correspondence table.
G01K 11/3213 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering using changes in luminescence, e.g. at the distal end of the fibres
G01K 15/00 - Testing or calibrating of thermometers
G01K 13/08 - Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving solid bodies in rotary movement
G01K 1/024 - Means for indicating or recording specially adapted for thermometers for remote indication
G01K 11/12 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance
G01J 5/00 - Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
44.
METHOD FOR TREATING A LIQUID CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK RESULTING FROM A HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION TREATMENT
The invention relates to a method for the hydrothermal liquefaction of an initial carbonaceous feedstock (1) in order to obtain a biocrude, the method comprising the following steps: - step a) of mixing the feedstock (1) with a catalyst and a liquid; - step b) of hydrothermal liquefaction (5) of the mixture (3); - step c) of liquid-liquid-gas separation (8) of the liquefaction product (7) in order to obtain a first gas phase (31), a second aqueous liquid phase (10) and a second organic liquid phase (18), referred to as biocrude; - step d) of separating the second aqueous phase (10) in order to obtain a third aqueous liquid phase (12) and a first water vapour phase (22); - step e) of diluting the second organic liquid phase (18); - step f) of bringing the diluted biocrude (20) into contact with at least one solvent (17, 23, 24) using counter-current liquid-liquid extraction so as to obtain a raffinate (25) and an extract (16); - step g) of separating the raffinate (25) so as to obtain the biocrude depleted in mineral compounds (27) and a phase (9, 28) comprising the diluent; - step h) of condensing the first vapour phase (22) and of recycling it as a solvent (17) to step f); - step i) of recycling the extract (16) to step d); - step j) of separating a second part of the first vapour phase (22).
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
C10G 21/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents with two or more solvents, which are introduced or withdrawn separately by introducing simultaneously at least two immiscible solvents counter-current to each other
C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
45.
METHOD FOR TREATING A LIQUID CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK RESULTING FROM A HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION TREATMENT
The invention relates to a method for treating a liquid feedstock that comprises at least partially carbonaceous products resulting from a hydrothermal liquefaction treatment, referred to as a biocrude feedstock (1), with a view to reducing the content of mineral compounds thereof, such that the treatment comprises: - a step a) of diluting the biocrude feedstock with a diluent (8) which comprises an organic liquid phase so as to obtain a diluted biocrude feedstock (9); - a step b) of bringing the diluted biocrude feedstock obtained in step a) into contact with at least one solvent (3) which comprises an aqueous liquid phase, with counter-current liquid-liquid extraction, so as to obtain a raffinate (5) comprising the biocrude feedstock depleted in mineral compounds and the diluent, and an extract (4) comprising the solvent enriched in mineral compounds; and - a step c) of separating the raffinate (5) obtained in step b), so as to obtain the biocrude feedstock depleted in mineral compounds (7), and a phase comprising the diluent (8).
C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
A process for converting a liquid feed based on hydroxypropanoic acid into bio-acrylic acid, comprising at least the following steps: a step of vaporization (a) of a liquid feed based on hydroxypropanoic acid (3), a step (b) of catalytic dehydration of the hydroxypropanoic acid-based gaseous stream (3) to form acrylic acid, and a specific recovery and purification sequence (steps c) to g)) for the bio-acrylic acid produced, to obtain a bio-acrylic acid purified in terms of propionic acid, said specific purification sequence being based in particular on a first step of azeotropic distillation of the aqueous acrylic acid effluent, making it possible to remove the propionic acid upstream of the transfer of the acrylic acid into the organic phase.
C07C 51/377 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groupsPreparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
C07C 51/44 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
C07C 51/46 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation by azeotropic distillation
47.
PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC FUELS FROM CARBON MONOXIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE
222; alkylating the aromatics using ethanol (36) to produce an alkylation effluent (38); converting the CO in a Fischer-Tropsch reaction unit (7) to produce an FT effluent (29) comprising paraffins; separating and post-treating the FT effluent to produce at least one hydrocarbon cut (34); and mixing the hydrocarbon cut with the alkylation effluent to produce a synthetic fuel. The present invention also relates to a device for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock and also to a synthetic fuel formulation.
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C07C 29/15 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
C10G 29/22 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms containing oxygen as the only hetero atom
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
C10G 47/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
48.
SYSTEM FOR LOCKING AN ELONGATE ELEMENT TO A SUPPORT COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE OVOIDAL ROTATIONALLY SYMMETRICAL PART AND TWO OUTER RINGS
The present invention relates to a system for locking an elongate element (A) to a support comprising a rotationally symmetrical part (D) that comprises, from a first end (1) to a second end (2), a first portion (3) having a strictly increasing diameter and a second portion (4) having a strictly decreasing diameter; wherein the system further comprises a first outer ring (F) and a second outer ring (E) that are coaxial with the rotationally symmetrical part (D), wherein the first outer ring (F) comprises an inner surface (6) having a strictly increasing diameter and radially facing the first portion (3), and the second outer ring (E) comprises an inner surface (7) having a strictly decreasing diameter and radially facing the second portion (4).
F16G 11/02 - Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objectsCaps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes with parts deformable to grip the cable or cablesFastening means which engage a sleeve or the like fixed on the cable
49.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MULTI-ZONE REVERSE WATER-GAS SHIFT CONVERSION
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
50.
DISTRIBUTING DEVICE FOR REVERSE WATER GAS SHIFT UNIT
C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
51.
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MIDDLE DISTILLATES FROM SYNTHETIC HYDROCARBONS, COMPRISING STEPS ARRANGED IN SERIES AND HAVING LOW SHIFT CONVERSION
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C10G 65/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
52.
RECOVERED CARBON BLACK OBTAINED BY SOLVOLYSING TYRES
Recovered carbon black (rCB) comprising carbon black, inorganic ash and carbon-based residues resulting from the decomposition of pneumatic rubbers and/or elastomer residues, characterized in that said content of carbon-based residues, determined with respect to the percentage of area of the C1 peak measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is less than or equal to 1% of said area of the C1 peak, said percentage of area of the C1 peak being calculated with respect to the total area of the C0 to C5 peaks.
C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
53.
METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING CALCIUM OXALATES CONTAINED IN A SURFACE FORMATION OR BIOMASS
The present invention relates to a method for quantifying calcium oxalates contained in a sample of a surface formation or biomass, which comprises heating the sample in an inert atmosphere between an initial temperature of between 100 and 300°C and a final temperature of between 575 and 800°C, and measuring a curve (MES) of the temperature-dependent evolution of the amount of CO released by the sample during heating in an inert atmosphere; next, determining a mass of carbon released by the calcium oxalates of the sample in the form of CO during heating in an inert atmosphere on the basis of the measured curve (MES) and an interpolation (INTER) of this curve between a first temperature (T1) of between 390 and 450° C, and a second temperature (T2) of between 550 and 590°C; and then, based on an exponential relationship, deducing therefrom a mass of the calcium oxalates of the sample.
G01N 31/12 - Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroupsApparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
54.
METHOD FOR TREATING A LIQUID CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK RESULTING FROM A HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION TREATMENT
The invention relates to a method for treating a feedstock resulting from a hydrothermal liquefaction treatment with a view to reducing the content of mineral compounds, the method comprising the following steps: - step a) of diluting the biocrude feedstock with a diluent (8, 12) which comprises an organic liquid phase so as to obtain a diluted biocrude feedstock (9); - step b) of bringing the diluted feedstock (9) obtained in step a) into contact with two separate solvents, which are brought into contact with the feedstock in separate contacting zones (3; 7) and comprise a first solvent (3) which is an aqueous liquid phase having a neutral pH and a second solvent (10) which is an acidic aqueous liquid phase, using counter-current liquid-liquid extraction so as to obtain a raffinate (5) comprising the feedstock depleted in mineral compounds and the diluent and an extract (4) comprising the solvents enriched in mineral compounds; - step c) of separating the raffinate (5) obtained in step b) so as to obtain a biocrude feedstock depleted in mineral compounds (11) and a phase comprising the diluent (8, 12).
C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
C10G 21/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents with two or more solvents, which are introduced or withdrawn separately
The invention relates to a novel process and a novel treatment configuration for the catalytic treatment of a hydrocarbon feedstock (1) to give a treated hydrocarbon stream using an ebullated-bed reactor (10). The invention is particularly suitable for treating hydrocarbon feedstocks comprising compounds capable of precipitating and/or polymerizing to produce gums under high temperature.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/32 - Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds
C10G 49/16 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or with moving solid particles according to the "fluidised bed" technique
C10G 65/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a selective hydrogenation of the diolefins
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
56.
METHOD FOR SOLUTION SYNTHESIS OF LITHIUM ARGYRODITE PARTICLES
7-(a+b)6-(a+b+c)cab2x254104949+n325444344 solvent, centrifugation, redispersion of the centrifuged phase in an anhydrous solvent, then filtration and washing of the intermediate compound, drying and heat treatment.
3434225225344-solvent; B) centrifuging, redispersing in a solvent, then filtering and washing the intermediate compound; C) drying the intermediate compound; d) optional heat treatment.
The present invention describes a method for treating a feedstock originating from a renewable source comprising a step a) of hydrotreatment of the feedstock, a step b) of separation of the effluent resulting from step a) into a light fraction and a hydrocarbon liquid effluent, a step c) of the hydrocarbon liquid effluent resulting from step c), wherein step c) is characterised by the use of at least one specific bifunctional catalyst comprising at least one noble metal from group VIII selected from among platinum and palladium and a support comprising at least one zeolite selected from among the MTW zeolites and the IZM-2 zeolite, and at least one binder, a step d) of separation of the effluent resulting from step c), which makes it possible to separate a gaseous fraction and a hydrocarbon liquid effluent, a step e) of stabilisation of the hydrocarbon effluent resulting from step d), so as to separate three hydrocarbon fractions: a light gaseous fraction, a naphtha hydrocarbon fraction, and alternatively a gas oil cut or a kerosene cut, wherein all or part of the effluents resulting from hydroconversion step c), the effluents from separation step d), and/or the effluents from stabilisation step e) are not recycled to hydrotreatment step a) and/or to hydroconversion step c).
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/62 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C10G 47/02 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
59.
METHOD FOR THE CO-PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE KEROSENE AND DIESEL BY TWO-STEP HYDROPROCESSING USING A SPECIFIC CATALYST FOR THE HYDROCONVERSION STEP, WITHOUT RECYCLE
The present invention describes a method for treating a feedstock originating from a renewable source comprising a hydrotreatment step a), a step b) of separation of at least one portion of the effluent resulting from step a) into at least one light fraction and at least one hydrocarbon effluent, a step c) of hydroconversion of the hydrocarbon effluent resulting from step c), using at least one specific bifunctional catalyst comprising at least one noble metal from group VIII selected from among platinum and palladium, and a support comprising at least one zeolite chosen from among the MTW zeolites and the IZM-2 zeolite, alone or in a mixture, and at least one binder, and a step d) of separation of the effluent resulting from step c), which makes it possible to separate at least one gaseous fraction and at least one liquid hydrocarbon effluent, a step e) of fractionation of the hydrocarbon effluent resulting from step d) at least into a diesel cut and a kerosene cut, wherein all or part of the effluents resulting from hydroconversion step c), the effluents from separation step d) and/or the effluents from fractionation step e) are not recycled to hydrotreatment step a) and/or to hydroconversion step c).
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/62 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
60.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING RENEWABLE KEROSENE BY TWO-STEP HYDROPROCESSING USING A SPECIFIC CATALYST IN THE HYDROCONVERSION STEP WITH RECYCLE OF A HEAVY FRACTION
The present invention describes a method for treating a feedstock originating from a renewable source comprising a hydrotreatment step a), a step b) of separation of at least one portion of the effluent resulting from step a) into at least one light fraction and at least one hydrocarbon effluent, a step c) of hydroconversion of the hydrocarbon effluent resulting from step c), using at least one specific bifunctional catalyst comprising at least one noble metal from group VIII selected from among platinum and palladium, and a support comprising at least one zeolite selected from among the MTW zeolites and the IZM-2 zeolite, alone or in a mixture, and at least one binder, a step d) of separation of the effluent resulting from step c), which makes it possible to separate at least one gaseous fraction and at least one hydrocarbon liquid effluent, and a step e) of fractionation of the hydrocarbon effluent resulting from step d) into at least one kerosene cut and at least one heavy cut having an initial boiling point of between 250 and 300°C, wherein all or part of the heavy cut resulting from the step e) is recycled to the hydroconversion step c).
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/62 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C10G 47/10 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
61.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING RENEWABLE KEROSENE COMPRISING TWO HYDROCONVERSION STEPS AND USING A SPECIFIC CATALYST IN THE SECOND HYDROCONVERSION STEP
The present invention describes a method for treating a feedstock originating from a renewable source, comprising a hydrotreatment step a), a step b) of separation of the effluent resulting from step a) into a light fraction and a hydrocarbon effluent, a step c) of hydroconversion of the hydrocarbon effluent resulting from step c), using a catalyst comprising a hydrogenating phase that contains at least one metal from group VIII and/or at least one metal from group VIB, and an acid support comprising a silica-alumina or one or more zeolites, a step d) of separation of the effluent resulting from step c), which makes it possible to separate at least one gaseous fraction and at least one hydrocarbon effluent, a step e) of fractionation of the hydrocarbon effluent resulting from step d) into at least one heavy cut having an initial boiling point of between 250°C and 300°C, or a step of stabilisation of the hydrocarbon effluent resulting from step d) in order to separate a heavy cut having an initial boiling point of between 100°C and 180°C, a second hydroconversion step f), distinct from step c), of hydroconversion of the effluent resulting from step e), carried out in the presence of a specific catalyst, a separation step g), and a fractionation or stabilisation step h), wherein steps d) and g), and steps e) and h), are able to be carried out in the same unit or in separate units.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/62 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
62.
CONTINUOUS COUNTER-CURRENT LEACHING METHOD FOR RECYCLING CATALYST METALS
The present invention relates to a continuous method for the counter-current leaching of a spent catalyst, comprising at least one metal from group VIB and/or at least one metal from group VIII, optionally phosphorus and/or sulphur, and a support based on one or more oxides, characterised in that the method comprises N leaching steps, where N is greater than or equal to 2, in which the spent catalyst is brought into counter-current contact with a leaching solution comprising at least one organic compound, wherein the leaching solution is supplied continuously and flows through each of the leaching steps in the opposite direction to the flow of the spent catalyst, and wherein each leaching step is followed by a solid/liquid separation step to obtain a solution that contains one or more extracted metals and a catalyst depleted in one or more metals.
The invention relates to a batch method for leaching a spent catalyst comprising a metal from group VIB, and/or a metal from group VIII, and a support based on one or more oxides, characterised in that the method comprises N leaching steps, N being ≥ 2, by bringing the spent catalyst into contact with a leaching solution comprising an organic compound, wherein each leaching step is followed by a solid/liquid separation step, and wherein the method comprises the following successive steps i, i varying from 1 and N: i) bringing into contact: - the spent catalyst containing a metal content C(i-1) with - a leaching solution containing an extracted metal content S(N-i) to produce, after a solid/liquid separation step, - a spent catalyst containing a metal content C(i), and - the leaching solution containing an extracted metal content S(N-i+1), wherein C(i-1) > C(i) and S(N-i) < S(N-i+1).
The present invention relates to a simulated moving bed separation process and device comprising/using: a simulated moving bed adsorption separation unit (1) treating a feedstock (2) with a desorbent (3) in order to produce an extract (4) and a raffinate (5); an extract column (6) treating the extract in order to separate a product of interest (7) and desorbent; a raffinate column (8) treating the first raffinate in order to separate desorbent; and an adsorption separation unit (17) treating desorbent in order to produce purified desorbent (15) which is sent to the simulated moving bed separation unit. The present invention also relates to the modification of a pre-installed simulated moving bed separation unit.
B01D 15/18 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
B01D 15/20 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to the conditioning of the sorbent material
C07C 7/13 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique
222 capturing unit (2), a water electrolysis unit (5), an RWGS unit (8), an FT unit (13), a unit for converting by-products into syngas (28) and a hydrogen unit (20), in which a carbon dioxide separation unit (34) is arranged to: treat a first syngas (12) and a second syngas (29); produce a gaseous effluent depleted in carbon dioxide (18) and a gaseous effluent rich in carbon dioxide (35); and recycling the gaseous effluent rich in carbon dioxide (35) to the inlet of the RWGS section (8).
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
66.
ZEOLITE ADSORBENT FOR SEPARATING HYDROCARBON ISOMERS
HgN22-3.63.6-152-3.62-3.6N2HgHg3.6-153.6-15 is determined by the difference between the volume of mercury introduced at 15 nm and that introduced at 3.6 nm, the volumes being expressed in cm3.g-1. In addition, the present invention relates to its preparation method. The invention also relates to the use of the zeolite adsorbent agglomerate for separating hydrocarbon mixtures as well as to the method for separating hydrocarbon mixtures using the zeolite adsorbent agglomerate.
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
C07C 7/13 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C10G 65/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
68.
EBULLATED OR HYBRID EBULLATED-BED HYDROCONVERSION OF A FEEDSTOCK COMPRISING A FRACTION OF PLASTIC PYROLYSIS OIL AND/OR SOLID RECOVERY FUELS
The present invention relative to a process for the hydroconversion of a feedstock including a fraction of less than 50% by weight of plastic and/or SRF pyrolysis oil (102) and a heavy hydrocarbon fraction (101) containing a portion of at least 50% by weight with a boiling point of at least 300° C. and containing sulfur and nitrogen. The hydroconversion uses one or more ebullated bed or hybrid ebullated-entrained bed reactors (20), and preferably two successive hydroconversion steps. The process according to the invention allows the production of higher-quality, lower-boiling materials, for example for the production of fuels or chemical compounds for the petrochemical industry, with improved yields of certain cuts and while allowing facilitated processing of the hydroconverted products in downstream steps such as fixed-bed hydrotreatment and while maintaining good stability of the unconverted fraction.
C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
C10G 49/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
69.
SYNTHESIS OF A CATALYST COMPRISING AN IZM-10 AEI ZEOLITE AND AT LEAST ONE TRANSITION METAL FOR THE SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF NOX
2(FAU)23(FAU)3(FAU) molar ratio of between 10 and 60 inclusive and a mass percentage of sodium in cation form of less than 0.005%, a nitrogen-containing organic compound R, wherein R is (6R,10S)-6,10-dimethyl-5-azoniaspiro[4,5]decane in its hydroxide form, and optionally sodium hydroxide, until a homogeneous precursor gel is obtained; ii) a hydrothermal treatment step; iii) a step of exchanging at least one ion with a solution comprising at least one species capable of releasing a transition metal; iv) a heat treatment step by drying and calcination.
C01B 39/02 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereofDirect preparation thereofPreparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactantsAfter-treatment thereof
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN (France)
Inventor
Cadran, Nicolas
Michau, Mathieu
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for activating a catalyst comprising at least one metal element chosen from the elements of groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table, such as tantalum, and an oxide matrix, the method comprising: a) preparing an activation composition comprising at least one multifunctional ketone, such that the ketone/metal molar ratio between the number of moles of the at least one multifunctional ketone and the number of moles of the at least one metal element of the catalyst is greater than or equal to 2; b) placing the activation composition in contact with the catalyst, in order to obtain an impregnated intermediate solid; and c) thermally treating the impregnated intermediate solid, by implementing an activation phase carried out at a temperature higher than 100° and lower than 300°C.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN (France)
Inventor
Cadran, Nicolas
Michau, Mathieu
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for activating a catalyst comprising at least one metal element chosen from the elements of groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table such as tantalum, and an oxide matrix, the method comprising: • a) preparing an activation composition comprising at least one monofunctional carboxylic acid, such that the acid/metal molar ratio between the number of moles of the at least one monofunctional carboxylic acid and the number of moles of the at least one metal element of the catalyst is greater than or equal to 2; • b) placing the activation composition in contact with the catalyst, in order to obtain an impregnated intermediate solid; and • c) thermally treating the impregnated intermediate solid, by implementing an activation phase at a temperature higher than 100°C and lower than 300°C.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN (France)
Inventor
Cadran, Nicolas
Michau, Mathieu
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for activating a catalyst comprising at least one metal element chosen from the elements of groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table, and an oxide matrix, in particular a catalyst with 3 wt.% tantalum on silica beads, the method comprising: • a) a step of preparing an activation composition comprising at least one multifunctional carboxylic compound (for example lactic acid), such that the activation composition has a carboxylic/metal molar ratio between the number of moles of the at least one multifunctional carboxylic compound and the number of moles of the at least one metal element of the catalyst that is greater than or equal to 2; • b) a step of placing the activation composition in contact with the catalyst, in order to obtain an impregnated intermediate solid; and • c) a step of thermally treating the impregnated intermediate solid, implementing an activation phase at a temperature higher than 100°C and lower than 300°C.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN (France)
Inventor
Cadran, Nicolas
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst, comprising: • a) a step of preparing an organic solution comprising: • a metal precursor of a metal element chosen from the elements of groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table such as tantalum, and • a multifunctional ester additive, comprising an ester function and at least one second chemical function in beta position such as ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate; the metal precursor and the multifunctional ester additive being present in the organic solution in amounts such that the additive/metal molar ratio is greater than or equal to 1; • b) a step of depositing the metal precursor on an oxide matrix, by placing the organic solution in contact with the oxide matrix; and then • c) a thermal treatment step. The present invention also relates to the catalyst obtained and to the use thereof for converting a feedstock comprising ethanol into butadiene.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN (France)
Inventor
Cadran, Nicolas
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst, comprising: • a) a step of preparing an aqueous impregnation solution comprising: • a metal precursor of a metal element chosen from the elements of groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table such as tantalum, • at least one multifunctional acid additive, comprising a carboxylic acid or ester function and at least one second chemical function in the alpha or beta position, and • an aqueous solvent; the metal precursor and the multifunctional acid additive being present in the aqueous solution in amounts such that the additive/metal molar ratio is greater than or equal to 5; • b) a step of depositing the metal precursor on an oxide matrix, by placing the aqueous solution in contact with the oxide matrix; and then • c) a thermal treatment step. The present invention also relates to the catalyst obtained and to the use thereof for converting a feedstock comprising ethanol into butadiene.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN (France)
Inventor
Cadran, Nicolas
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst, comprising: • a) a step of preparing an organic solution comprising: • a metal precursor of a metal element chosen from the elements of groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table such as tantalum, and • an organic solvent comprising a monoalcohol such as ethanol; • b) a step of placing the organic solution in contact with an oxide matrix having a porous volume, in the presence of a carboxylic acid such as acetic acid, the carboxylic acid being present in the organic solution and/or in the porous volume of the oxide matrix; and then • c) a thermal treatment step. The present invention also relates to the catalyst obtained and to the use thereof for converting a feedstock comprising ethanol into butadiene.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN (France)
Inventor
Cadran, Nicolas
Rivallan, Mickael
Abstract
TaTa, wherein the Lewis acidity content is determined by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) following the adsorption and subsequent thermodesorption of pyridine. The present invention also relates to the use of the catalyst to convert a feedstock comprising ethanol into butadiene.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
The invention relates to a method for preparing a macroporous material comprising an active phase that comprises a potassium phosphate salt and/or a cesium phosphate salt, and a support comprising α-SiC silicon carbide and silica, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a) bringing a colloidal silica sol into contact with a powder of a potassium and/or cesium phosphate salt to obtain a suspension; b) adding a precipitated silica powder, an -SiC silicon carbide powder, and a solvent to obtain a paste; c) shaping the paste to obtain a material precursor; d) drying the material precursor at a temperature of between 15°C and 250°C; e) calcining the dried material precursor obtained at the end of step d) at a temperature higher than 250°C and lower than or equal to 1200°C.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a macroporous material comprising an active phase that comprises at least one cesium and/or potassium phosphate salt, at least one lithium salt, and a support comprising silica in the cristobalite crystalline form, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a) bringing at least one source of silica into contact with at least one phosphate precursor, at least one potassium and/or cesium precursor, and at least one lithium precursor in order to obtain a material precursor; b) allowing the material precursor obtained at the end of step a) to mature for a period of between 1 minute and 72 hours in order to obtain a matured material precursor; c) calcining the matured material precursor obtained at the end of step b) at a temperature of between 800°C and 1200°C in order to obtain the material.
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
The present invention relates to an electronic power card (1) comprising: - a capacitive laminated busbar (2) in the form of a first stack of two metal layers, in particular made of copper, namely a so-called inner metal layer and a so-called outer metal layer (4) separated from each other by a first layer of electrically insulating material; - a layer of thermal interface material arranged between the first stack and a metal baseplate; - an integrated current sensor comprising a magnetic flux concentrator (9) which is inserted into openings made in the metal baseplate, the magnetic flux concentrator (9) containing a second stack of layers comprising a second layer of electrically insulating material, a layer of conductive material able to conduct the current to be measured, a printed circuit board referred to as PCB, and a component for measuring the current.
The present invention relates to a system and a method for recovering microfibres contained in a liquid effluent (L) from a textile treatment device. The system comprises at least one device (2, 4, 10, 20, 30, 5) for dissolving a gas directly in at least a portion of the liquid effluent (L) by means of pressurisation, and a device (5, 6, 7, 40, 50, 60, 61, 62) for separation by means of dissolved gas flotation, which are connected to one another. The device (5, 6, 7, 40, 50, 60, 61, 62) for separation by means of dissolved gas flotation further comprises means (60, 61, 62) for collecting the microfibres (MF) on the surface of the liquid effluent (L) contained in its enclosure (50).
2(FAU)23(FAU)2233 molar ratio of between 10 and 60 inclusive having a purity of greater than or equal to 98% by weight, preferably greater than or equal to 99% by weight, in partially or completely protonated form, obtained using the method.
C01B 39/02 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereofDirect preparation thereofPreparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactantsAfter-treatment thereof
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
82.
METHOD FOR PREPARING A CATALYST BY ORGANIC MEANS IN THE PRESENCE OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL ACID ADDITIVE
COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN (France)
Inventor
Cadran, Nicolas
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst, comprising: • a) preparing an organic solution comprising: • at least one metal precursor of a metal element chosen from the elements of groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table such as tantalum and zirconium, and • at least one multifunctional acid additive, preferably chosen from hydroxy acids, ketoacids, polyacids, their anhydrides, and mixtures thereof; the metal precursor and the multifunctional acid additive being present in the organic solution in amounts such that the acid/metal molar ratio between the multifunctional acid additive and the metal element provided by the metal precursor is greater than 1; • b) depositing the metal precursor on an oxide matrix, by placing the organic solution in contact with the oxide matrix; and then • c) a thermal treatment. The present invention also relates to the catalyst obtained and to the use thereof for converting a feedstock comprising ethanol into butadiene.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN (France)
Inventor
Cadran, Nicolas
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst, the method comprising: a) a step of preparing an organic solution that comprises: a metal precursor of a metal element selected from among the elements of groups 3, 4, and 5 of the periodic table, such as tantalum and zirconium, and an additive, wherein the metal precursor and the additive are present in the organic solution in amounts such that the additive/metal molar ratio is greater than 2; b) a step of depositing the metal precursor onto an oxide matrix by bringing the organic solution into contact with the oxide matrix; then c) a heat treatment step. The present invention also relates to the catalyst obtained and to its use for converting a feedstock comprising ethanol into butadiene.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN (France)
Inventor
Cadran, Nicolas
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst, comprising: • a) a step of preparing an acidified organic solution comprising: • a metal precursor of a metal element chosen from the elements of groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table, such as tantalum, and • a multifunctional ketone additive, • the metal precursor and the multifunctional ketone additive being present in the acidified organic solution in amounts such that the additive/metal molar ratio is greater than or equal to 1; • b) a step of depositing the metal precursor on an oxide matrix, by placing the acidified organic solution in contact with the oxide matrix; and then • c) a thermal treatment step. The present invention also relates to the catalyst obtained and to the use thereof for converting a feedstock comprising ethanol into butadiene.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN (France)
Inventor
Cadran, Nicolas
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst, which method comprises: • a) a step of preparing an organic solution comprising: • a metal precursor of a metal element chosen from the elements of groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table, such as tantalum and zirconium, • an acid additive chosen from hydrogen halides, hydrogen halide precursors, and mixtures thereof, and • an organic solvent, • the at least one metal precursor and the at least one acid additive being present in the organic solution at an acid/metal molar ratio of the number of moles of hydrogen halide equivalent to the number of moles of the metal element of greater than or equal to 1; • b) a step of depositing the metal precursor on an oxide matrix by bringing the organic solution into contact with the oxide matrix; then • c) a heat treatment step. The present invention also relates to the resulting catalyst and its use for converting a feed comprising ethanol to butadiene.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing a microporous crystalline solid, referred to as an IZM-2 microporous solid or IZM-2 zeolite. This novel method allows for the synthesis of an IZM-2 zeolite from at least one silicon source, at least one aluminium source, at least one source of an alkali and/or alkaline-earth metal having a valency n, in the absence of an organic structure-directing agent and in the presence of at least one alcohol, preferably ethanol, and seeds of calcined IZM-2 zeolite.
The present invention relates to a loop polymerization reactor (1), comprising a loop-shaped reaction section intended to circulate a reaction medium in the loop, the reaction section being provided with one or more feed inlets (11) at least for a reagent, optionally for a catalyst and/or for a solvent, and at least one draw-off outlet (12), said reactor comprising at least one means (7) for causing the reaction medium to move in the loop-shaped reaction section, the loop comprising a plurality of duct portions fluidically connected to one another, including at least one straight portion (5, 3), such that the or at least one of the duct portions, in particular the or at least one of the straight portions, houses an insert extending over at least 50% of the length of said portion and over at least 50% of the cross section of said portion.
B01J 10/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particlesApparatus specially adapted therefor
88.
METHOD FOR OLIGOMERISING AN OLEFIN FEEDSTOCK IN A TUBULAR LOOP REACTOR
The present invention relates to a method for oligomerising an olefin feedstock, the method comprising the following steps: a) injecting, into a tubular loop reactor, at least the olefin feedstock and a catalytic system, wherein the olefin feedstock is injected by an injection means located at a position A in the reactor, and forming a liquid phase that flows continuously through the reactor; b) drawing the products of the oligomerisation reaction through a drawing means located at a position B in the reactor, wherein the position B is located at a distance from the position A of between 70.00% and 99.99% of the total length of the loop of the reactor in the direction of flow of the liquid phase within the reactor. The present invention also relates to a tubular loop reactor for implementing the method according to the invention.
22 are continuously measured. Next, on the basis of these quantities and of a heating sequence limit temperature ranging from 540°C to 600°C, and preferably 580°C, the organic carbon present in the sample is characterised by determining an indicator representative of the thermal stability of the organic carbon and/or a parameter representative of the thermal lability of the organic carbon.
G01N 31/12 - Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroupsApparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
G01N 1/44 - Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
90.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRIC MACHINE BY MEANS OF A CONTROL SYSTEM WITH A PROPORTIONAL CONTROLLER AND A PROPORTIONAL-INTEGRAL CONTROLLER
dd spqq spfrom torque setpoints or setpoints of other variables. The invention then implements a step of determining voltage setpoints v∗dd , v∗qq using a control system (PI-P) which comprises a proportional controller in parallel with a proportional-integral controller.
The present invention relates to a method for the oligomerisation, preferably tetramerisation, of ethylene to octene-1, the method comprising a step of injecting into an oligomerisation reactor at least the following four compounds: - a chromium-based metal precursor; - a heteroatomic ligand; - methylaluminoxane supported on an inorganic support; - an additive in the form of an aluminium-based compound; wherein the chromium-based metal precursor and the heteroatomic ligand are never brought into contact with the methylaluminoxane supported on an inorganic support in the absence of the additive in the form of an aluminium-based compound.
B01J 31/14 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
92.
CATALYTIC COMPOSITION COMPRISING CHROMIUM AND SUPPORTED METHYLALUMINOXANE
The present invention relates to a catalytic composition for the selective oligomerisation of ethylene, in particular for the the tetramerisation of ethylene into 1-octene, wherein the catalytic composition comprises: - a chromium-based metal precursor; - a heteroatomic ligand; - methylaluminoxane supported on an inorganic support; - an additive in the form of an aluminium-based compound; wherein the composition has a molar ratio of the aluminium of the methylaluminoxane supported on an inorganic support to the chromium of the metal precursor of greater than 250, and a molar ratio of the aluminium of the additive to the chromium of the metal precursor of greater than 200.
B01J 31/14 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
B01J 31/26 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups
B01J 31/34 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
C07C 2/36 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as phosphines, arsines, stilbines or bismuthines
B01J 31/12 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
93.
METHOD FOR PREPARING AN ALUMINA COMPRISING LANTHANUM FOR HYDROTREATING VACUUM DISTILLATES
The present invention relates to the preparation of a lanthanum-containing mesoporous alumina shaped from a boehmite gel in which at least one lanthanum precursor is added in the step of precipitating at least one aluminium salt to form a boehmite gel and/or in the step of shaping the boehmite gel obtained. The lanthanum-containing alumina according to the invention, owing to its advantageous properties, can be used as a support for catalysts in all refining processes and also as an adsorbent, in particular for catalytic processes treating hydrocarbon cuts such as the hydrotreating of vacuum distillates.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
94.
MERCURY ELIMINATION METHOD USING MULTIPLE TYPES OF CAPTURE MASSES
The present invention relates to a method for capturing at least one heavy metal, preferably mercury, present in a hydrocarbon feedstock, said method comprising bringing the feedstock into contact with at least: - a first capture mass comprising, and preferably consisting of, at least one metal M present at least in part in a sulphide form MxSy, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of copper, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, nickel, cobalt, or zinc, preferably copper, iron or zinc, and more preferably copper; - a second capture mass comprising, and preferably consisting of, a porous support based on at least one refractory oxide, and at least one metal M present at least in part in a sulphide form MxSy, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of copper, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, nickel, cobalt or zinc, preferably copper, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt or zinc, and more preferably copper.
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B01J 20/06 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
The present invention relates to a method for separating cresols in a simulated moving bed using an agglomerated zeolite adsorbent solid, and to an optimized desorbent, selected from 2- or 3-pentanol.
C07C 37/82 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by solid-liquid treatmentSeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by chemisorption
C07C 39/07 - Alkylated phenols containing only methyl groups as alkyl groups, e.g. cresols, xylenols
96.
METHOD FOR PREPARING AN ALUMINA COMPRISING TITANIUM FOR HYDROTREATING HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS
The present invention relates to the preparation of a titanium-containing mesoporous alumina shaped from a boehmite gel in which at least one titanium precursor is added in the step of precipitating at least one aluminium salt to form a boehmite gel and/or in the step of shaping the boehmite gel obtained. The titanium-containing alumina according to the invention, owing to its advantageous properties, can be used as a support for catalysts in all refining processes and also as an adsorbent, in particular for catalytic processes treating hydrocarbon cuts such as the hydrotreating of vacuum distillates.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
C01F 7/34 - Preparation of aluminium hydroxide by precipitation from solutions containing aluminium salts
C01F 7/441 - Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water by calcination
97.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING A GAS-SOLID MIXTURE
The invention relates to a device and method for separating a particulate gas-solid mixture, comprising/using: a substantially vertical inlet pipe (23) suitable for receiving the particulate gas-solid mixture (13); a first bend (24) of substantially 90°, connected to the lower end of the inlet pipe and having a substantially vertical upper inlet and a substantially horizontal lower outlet; a second bend (27) of substantially 90°, connected to the lower end of the first bend and having a substantially horizontal upper inlet and a substantially vertical lower outlet; a discharge pipe (25) connected to the concave side of the first bend, the projection of which in the plane of symmetry of the first bend has an angle α1 of between 5° and 85°, relative to the vertical, and the projection of which in a horizontal plane has an angle α2 of between 0° and 90° with respect to the plane of symmetry of the first bend.
B01D 45/00 - Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
B01D 45/16 - Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 19/32 - Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
F27B 15/02 - Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
The invention relates to a method for treating a lignocellulosic biomass, with a) an optional step of impregnating the biomass (1), b) a step of cooking (3) the biomass (1) in the presence of water vapor (2) in order to obtain a mixture comprising the biomass (5) and water vapor (4a), c) a separation step in order to obtain the pretreated biomass (5) and the water vapor (4a), d) a step of condensing (17) the water vapor (4a) from the cooking step b) to liquid effluent (4b), e) an enzymatic hydrolysis step (6) in order to obtain a hydrolyzed biomass (7), f) a step of fermenting (8) the hydrolyzed biomass (7) in order to obtain a mixture comprising a fermented biomass (9) and a solid residue, then at least one step of washing said mixture or said solid residue obtained in step f), using the liquid effluent resulting from the condensation step d).
The invention relates to a protein-hyperproducing fungal strain belonging to the genus Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Chrysosporium or Humicola, preferably Trichoderma, in which the expression of at least one protein encoded by a gene selected from ID 65290, ID 120583, ID 43599, ID 35768, ID 80200 and ID 122457, or an orthologous gene, is modified. The invention also relates to the various uses of this strain and to the method for genetic modification.
The present invention relates to a system (10) for locking and unlocking a substantially circular elongate element (14) on a support, the system comprising: - a substantially tubular casing (11) formed by a sheath or by a structure for accommodating the elongate element; - and an attachment element (13) attached to one end of the casing (11); wherein the casing (11) further comprises a first portion (21) and a second portion (22) separated by an intermediate portion (30) that is capable of being connected to the support, and wherein the first portion (21) overlaps the outer surface of the second portion (22).
F16G 11/03 - Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objectsCaps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes incorporating resiliently-mounted members for attachment of the cable end
