[Problem] To supply a small-sized internal combustion engine ignition device with which wear of a discharge electrode and a ground electrode is suppressed and a discharge failure due to wear or erosion of the electrodes is not caused. [Solution] The present invention is provided with: an electromagnetic wave power supply 2; an electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 which oscillates electromagnetic waves; a control device 4 which controls the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3; an input unit 52 which receives a supply of the electromagnetic waves oscillated from the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3; a booster means 5 for boosting the input electromagnetic waves; a discharge electrode 55a and a ground electrode 51a which form a discharge gap; and a casing 51 having the ground electrode 51a formed on the distal end side and accommodating the input unit 52 and the discharge electrode 55a. The casing 51 is provided with a plurality of attachment holes 51A for storing the input unit 52 and the discharge electrode 55a.
Provided are: a heating device which is the heating unit of a high-frequency heating cooking appliance and is capable of combining both a microwave function and an oven function; and a high-frequency heating cooking appliance which uses the heating device. The heating device comprises an electromagnetic wave–emitting plate 2 in which a flat electromagnetic wave–emitting antenna 21 is disposed upon the surface of a plate-like member 20 comprising a dielectric material, a heating plate 3 which contains an electromagnetic wave–absorbing heating element or has said heating element applied to the surface thereof, and a box-shaped plate-attachment case 4 which is open on the top surface and is equipped with an electromagnetic wave input terminal 23 connected to the electromagnetic wave–emitting antenna 21, the electromagnetic wave–emitting plate 2 being attached such that there is a gap between said plate and the bottom surface 4a of the plate-attachment case 4, and the heating plate 3 being detachably disposed in a manner covering the open top surface of the plate-attachment case 4.
This analysis device is provided with a plasma generator 3 which brings part of an analyte to a plasma state, and an optical analyzer 2 which analyzes the plasma light of the analyte emitted from the plasma generated by the plasma generator 3, wherein, by means of a conveyance device 4, the analyte contacts the plasma PB generated by the plasma generator 3 in order, and the analyte is conveyed such that a portion thereof is brought to a plasma state. The plasma generator 3 is provided with an electromagnetic wave irradiator which irradiates electromagnetic waves onto the generated plasma, and the conveyance device 4 forms a plasma contact area S where the bottom or side of the analyte contacts the plasma generated by the plasma generator 3.
G01N 21/67 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using electric arcs or discharges
G01N 21/68 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using high frequency electric fields
The present invention provides a compact ignition system that can be operated at an optimal oscillation frequency in accordance with fluctuations in resonance frequency. This ignition system is provided with an electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 that oscillates electromagnetic waves, a control device 4 that controls the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3, and a discharge electrode 55a and a ground electrode 51a that form a discharge gap 6, the ignition device being configured such that a boosting means 5 increases the potential difference of the discharge gap 6 and causes electrical discharge. Due to the control device 4, resonance-frequency-confirming electromagnetic waves that confirm the resonance frequency of the ignition system are oscillated at a timing other than the oscillation timing of electromagnetic waves for ignition, the optimal resonance frequency is determined from the values of inverse waves of the oscillated electromagnetic waves, and the frequency of electromagnetic waves for ignition is controlled.
A compression auto-ignition engine 1 that switches between an auto-ignition operation in which a mixed gas is subjected to compression ignition, and a spark-ignition operation in which a discharge means is used to forcibly ignite the mixed gas, the compression auto-ignition engine comprising a radical generation means 2 that generates radicals in a combustion chamber during the auto-ignition operation, and a discharge means 3 that generates a dielectric breakdown in the combustion chamber during the spark-ignition operation, and a control device 4 being configured to use the discharge means 3 as the radical generation means 2 by oscillating electromagnetic waves of output that generates plasma in a discharge gap 6, the plasma being at or below the minimum ignition energy at which the mixed gas will not be ignited.
The present invention addresses the problem of providing an electromagnetic wave oscillation device that makes it possible to cancel reflected waves and automatically control impedance matching even when an electromagnetic wave emitted from an electromagnetic wave oscillator is reflected. An electromagnetic wave oscillation device is provided with: an electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 that uses voltage applied from a power source P to emit an electromagnetic wave; a resistor 2 that receives the supply of electromagnetic wave energy from the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3; a detector 4 that detects the phase and the amplitude of a reflected wave from the resistor 2; and a control device 5 that controls the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 and the detector 4. A modulator 31 for modulating the phase and the amplitude of electromagnetic waves from the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 and an amplifier 32 for amplifying electromagnetic waves are arranged between the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 and the detector 4. The control device 5 is used to control the modulator 31 so as to obtain a generated waveform in which a waveform having a phase and an amplitude that take conjugated values with respect to the phase and the amplitude of the waveform of a reflected wave detected by the detector 4 is added by vector addition to (combined with) a basic waveform emitted by the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3.
[Problem] The present invention provides a compact ignition device that has high combustion speed, minimizes wear of a discharge electrode and a ground electrode, and is insusceptible to discharge problems caused by electrode wear or erosion. [Solution] This ignition device is provided with an electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 that oscillates electromagnetic waves, a control device 4 that controls the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3, and a discharge electrode 55a and ground electrode 51a that form a discharge gap 6, the ignition device being configured such that the potential difference of the discharge gap 6 is increased and electrical discharge is caused by a boosting means 5. Electromagnetic waves oscillating from the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 are controlled by the control device 4 so that the oscillation period is 10 µsec or less, the oscillation time is 2.5 µsec or less, and the duty ratio is 3-25%.
[Problem] To provide an electromagnetic wave oscillation device whereby control is performed so as to not simply use only a frequency band having a low reflection coefficient but to use a frequency band having a low reflection coefficient and high transmission efficiency. [Solution] An electromagnetic wave oscillation device comprising: an electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 that oscillates electromagnetic waves by using voltage applied from a power source P; a detector 8 that detects traveling and reflected waves of electromagnetic waves oscillated by the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 between the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 and a cavity C that receives supply of electromagnetic wave energy from the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3; and a control device 5 that has detection signals applied thereto from the detector 8 and controls the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3. The control device 5 is configured so as to sweep the frequency for the entire band in which the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 can oscillate, prior to main operation, detect the reflection coefficient, define an energy transmission frequency band, and, during main operation, use only the energy transmission frequency band and oscillate electromagnetic waves.
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
F01N 3/24 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
[Problem] To provide an electromagnetic wave oscillation device that does not simply stop an electromagnetic wave oscillator when reflected waves have increased, but is capable of suppressing device damage caused by reflected waves without reducing overall device efficiency. [Solution] An electromagnetic wave oscillation device comprising: a converter 2 that converts voltage from a power supply P to DC voltage; an electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 that pulse-oscillates electromagnetic waves by using the DC voltage applied from the converter 2; a detector 8 that detects traveling and reflected waves of electromagnetic waves oscillated from the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 between the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 and a cavity C that receives supply of electromagnetic wave energy from the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3; and a control device 5 that has detection signals from the detector 8 applied thereto and controls the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3. The control device 5 performs control so as to vary the frequency of electromagnetic waves for oscillation and oscillate same, if a voltage standing wave ratio detected by the detector 8 reaches at least a prescribed value.
[Problem] To provide an electromagnetic wave oscillation apparatus that includes a boosting circuit, which does not apply a voltage to an amplifier when electromagnetic waves oscillated from an electromagnetic wave oscillator are OFF. [Solution] The present invention is provided with: a boosting circuit 20 that is provided with a plurality of boosting choppers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d; a control device 5 that controls a switching element S of the boosting chopper 2; an electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 that is supplied with a prescribed voltage; and an amplifier 4 that amplifies an electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3, wherein the boosting chopper 2 is configured such that current is sequentially outputted from the boosting choppers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d to the amplifier 4 in an un-smoothed manner in coordination with the oscillation timing of the electromagnetic wave oscillator 3 by the control device 5.
H02M 3/155 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
[Problem] To provide an unmanned aerial vehicle in which a propulsion system for generating lift is provided separately from a propulsion system for performing attitude control so as to enable transportation of a heavy load and long-duration flight operations. [Solution] The present invention pertains to a small unmanned aerial vehicle provided with multiple rotary vane sets which are positioned radially apart from the center of the vehicle, and which are driven by a drive means being an electric motor and/or an internal combustion engine, wherein the rotary vane sets are divided into ones for generating lift and ones for controlling attitude. In this configuration, a rotary vane set for generating lift can be provided at the center of the vehicle. When doing so, an electric motor and/or an internal combustion engine can be adopted as the drive means. Further, it is preferable to provide the rotary vane set for generating lift at the center of the vehicle.
The present invention measures the void fraction of an oil by means of a simple method. This method comprises: a step for obtaining, from the relationship of the product of the pressure and the amount of volume change of a plurality of sample oils with known void fractions that have been introduced into an enclosed space relative to the pressure when the plurality of sample oils have been compressed to a predetermined pressure, a first-order line which connects the values of the product of the pressure and the amount of volume change at 0 kPa for each of the sample oils, and establishing said first-order line as a calibration line; a step for obtaining, from the relationship of the product of the pressure and the amount of volume change of a sample oil with an unknown void fraction relative to the pressure when the sample oil is compressed to the predetermined pressure, the value of the product of the pressure and the amount of volume change at 0 kPa for the unknown sample oil; and a step for comparing said value to the calibration line to obtain the void fraction of the unknown oil sample.
This ignition plug uses spark discharge and electromagnetic waves to carry out ignition such that wearing of electrodes can be prevented. The ignition plug comprises: a central electrode; an insulator having formed therein an axial hole whereinto the central electrode is fitted; a grounding electrode forming with the central electrode a space therebetween where the spark discharge is generated; and a cylindrical conductor provided at the outer periphery of the insulator. In the ignition plug, a pulsed voltage for the spark discharge and the electromagnetic wave supplied as energy to the spark discharge is supplied through electricity to the central electrode. On the internal peripheral surface of the cylindrical conductor, a toric member is formed at a position within a range of 1/8 the wavelength to 1/4 the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave from the end surface in the forward end portion of the cylindrical conductor.
[Problem] To provide an ignition device with an electromagnetic wave resonance structure having high ignition power and low reflected electric power. The ignition device is provided with: a first substrate and a second substrate that are cuboidal; and one or a plurality of intermediate substrates which are disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and which have a shorter long-side length than the first and second substrates. The first substrate is provided, on an intermediate substrate-side surface thereof, with an input portion for receiving the input of electromagnetic waves from the outside, a first electrode portion, and an electromagnetic wave transmission line connecting the input portion and the first electrode portion. The second substrate is provided, on an intermediate substrate-side surface thereof, with an electromagnetic wave resonance portion, and a second electrode portion electrically connected to the electromagnetic wave resonance portion. The ignition device is characterized in that the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion, and a part of the electromagnetic wave transmission line and a part of the resonance portion are respectively opposed to each other via a space in a location in which the intermediate substrate is not disposed.
[Problem] To provide a small electromagnetic wave discharge emission device that generates discharge solely via an electromagnetic wave, such that the lengthwise dimension of the device can be greatly reduced, and the device can emit an electromagnetic wave on a target space in accordance with the output of a supplied electromagnetic wave. [Solution] An electromagnetic wave discharge emission device is provided with: an electromagnetic wave oscillator MW that oscillates an electromagnetic wave; a control device 2 that controls the electromagnetic wave oscillator MW; a first substrate 10, on the main surface side of which a plurality of discharge emission patterns 11 are formed; and a second substrate 20, on which is formed a power feeding pattern 22 that has a power receiving port 21, which receives a power supply of an electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave oscillator MW, and power feeding terminals 22a, which are connected, via holes, to power receiving terminals 11a of the discharge emission patterns 11, such that the power receiving port 21 is equidistant to each of the power receiving terminals 11a, which are the points where the discharge emission patterns 11 receive power, wherein each discharge emission pattern 11 forms a spiral around a power receiving terminal 11a connected to the power feeding pattern 22, and has a length equal to 1/4 of the wavelength of the supplied electromagnetic wave.
[Problem] To decrease constraints on a heating method that result from electromagnetic wave interference in an electromagnetic wave heating device using an electromagnetic wave generation device comprising a semiconductor element. [Solution] An electromagnetic wave heating device is provided with: a heating chamber; a first planar antenna that is disposed on a first wall surface of the heating chamber and emits an electromagnetic wave for heating a target object inside the heating chamber; a second planar antenna that is disposed on a second wall surface, which is different than the first wall surface, of the heating chamber and emits an electromagnetic wave for heating the target object inside the heating chamber; an oscillator that comprises a semiconductor element and outputs an electromagnetic wave; a switching unit that feeds the output of the oscillator to either the first or second planar antenna; and a control unit that controls the switching unit and an electromagnetic wave generation device.
[Problem] To locally heat a target object by automatically recognizing the shape of the target object and emitting an electromagnetic wave corresponding to the shape, without necessitating an increase in the size of the device. [Solution] An electromagnetic wave heating device is provided with: a heating chamber; a planar antenna that is disposed on a wall surface of the heating chamber and emits an electromagnetic wave for heating a target object inside the heating chamber; and a control unit that controls the movement of the planar antenna, wherein the planar antenna comprises a plurality of antennas arranged in an array, and the control unit detects the shape or temperature distribution of the target object on the basis of the reflected electricity generated when the electromagnetic wave is emitted from the antennas, and, on the basis of the detection result, determines the size of microwaves that supply power to each of the antennas.
[Problem] To reduce the size of an electromagnetic wave heating device that uses steam. [Solution] An electromagnetic wave heating device is provided with: a heating chamber; a planar antenna that is disposed on a first wall surface of the heating chamber and emits an electromagnetic wave for heating a target object inside the heating chamber; a discharge device that is disposed on second wall surface, which is different than the first wall surface, of the heating chamber and generates a discharge plasma by generating a high voltage from the resonance structure of the electromagnetic wave; and an oscillator that comprises a semiconductor element and outputs an electromagnetic wave, wherein the electromagnetic wave outputted from the oscillator is configured so as to be fed to the planar antenna and the discharge device.
[Problem] To shorten the time to heat a catalyst without greatly increasing costs. [Solution] A catalyst heating device 1 heats a catalyst located in a vehicle exhaust passage 5, and includes: a water reservoir 2 that is provided to the lower surface of the exhaust passage 5 upstream of a purification catalyst 6; an electromagnetic-wave radiating device 3 that is located above the water reservoir 2, and radiates electromagnetic waves so as to heat water stored in the water reservoir 2 and generate steam; and a control device 4 that controls the electromagnetic-wave radiating device 3. The control device 4 controls the electromagnetic-wave radiating device 3 such that electromagnetic waves are radiated from the electromagnetic-wave radiating device 3 for a predetermined time when the vehicle is started or when shifting from a hybrid mode to an engine mode.
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
B01D 53/94 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
B60W 10/06 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
B60W 10/30 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
B60W 20/00 - Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
F01N 3/24 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
[Problem] To provide a mixer the longitudinal dimensions of which have been shortened so that attachment is possible even if an attachment space is narrow. [Solution] Provided are the following: an electromagnetic wave input terminal 6; a high voltage pulse input terminal 5; a high voltage pulse output terminal 50; an electromagnetic wave leakage preventing means 3 provided between the high voltage pulse input terminal 5 and the high voltage pulse output terminal 50 so as to be coaxial with both terminals; an insulator 4 that covers the electromagnetic wave leakage preventing means 3 and the high voltage pulse output terminal 50; and a resonator 2 comprising a tubular conductive member that covers a part of the insulator 4, the resonator 2 having inside thereof a ring-shaped space 20 to which an inner conductor 6a of the electromagnetic wave input terminal 6 is exposed and in which an impedance matching means 7 is disposed.
[Problem] To further improve the ignition performance of a microwave-use-type spark plug. [Solution] A spark plug includes: a center electrode for transmitting a pulse voltage and electromagnetic waves; a discharge electrode mounted to the tip end of the center electrode; an insulator having formed therein a shaft hole into which the center electrode is fitted; a cylindrical metal shell for surrounding the periphery of the insulator; and a ground electrode having one end section joined to the tip end of the metal shell and the other end section facing the discharge electrode. The discharge electrode is positioned inside the cylinder of the metal shell.
[Problem] A spark plug in which an electromagnetic wave resonator structure is used, wherein fuel in a combustion chamber is effectively ignited. The present invention is provided with: a center electrode for transmitting electromagnetic waves; a discharge electrode attached to the distal end part of the center electrode; and a case member enclosing the periphery of the center electrode and the discharge electrode, the distal end portion of the case member functioning as a ground electrode forming a pair with the discharge electrode. A vent part allowing the passage of a gas is provided to the distal end part of the case member. The vent part may be formed so as to have a slit shape or a hole shape.
[Problem] To improve the air/fuel ratio without greatly modifying the structure of a gasoline engine. [Solution] The present invention is provided with: an electromagnetic wave generation device that has a first and a second output unit that output electromagnetic waves; a discharge device that comprises a booster means, which is formed from an electromagnetic wave resonating structure and boosts the electromagnetic waves input from the first input unit, and a discharge unit, which is provided to the output side of the booster means; and an emission device that emits electromagnetic waves input from the second output unit. When the reflected waves from the discharge device exceed a prescribed value, the electromagnetic wave generation device decreases the output from the first output unit and increases the output from the second output unit.
[Problem] To provide an ignition device which effectively prevents heat friction from occurring at the tip of a spark plug. This ignition device comprises: a central electrode, along the surface of which electromagnetic waves propagate; a discharge electrode attached to the tip of the central electrode; and a cylindrical case member which encompasses the central electrode and the discharge electrode, and the tip of which functions as an earthed electrode. In this case, the case member can be constituted in such a manner that the part that encompasses the discharge electrode has a smaller inner diameter than other parts, and an annular space can be provided to the rear of the discharge electrode.
[Problem] To provide an ignition device with which it is possible to improve the air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine, without enlarging the size of the device or sharply increasing costs. [Solution] An ignition device comprising: a center conductor that has a surface through which electromagnetic waves propagate; a grounding conductor that surrounds the center conductor; a cylindrical second center conductor that is formed between the center conductor and the grounding conductor, and is connected to the center conductor at the rear end side thereof while insulated from the grounding conductor and separate from the center conductor at the tip end side thereof; and a projection-shaped discharge electrode part that is formed on the tip-end-side surface of the center conductor. The potential of the discharge electrode part is increased using an electromagnetic wave resonance structure formed using the center conductor and the second center conductor, thereby generating discharge between the discharge electrode part and the grounding conductor.
[Problem] To improve the air/fuel ratio without greatly modifying the structure of a gasoline engine. [Solution] The present invention is provided with: a discharge device that comprises a booster means, which is formed from a resonating structure and boosts the electromagnetic waves input from an electromagnetic wave oscillator, and a discharge unit, which is provided to the output side of the booster means; and an electromagnetic wave emission device that emits electromagnetic waves input from the electromagnetic wave oscillator. The present invention is further provided with an accommodation part that accommodates the discharge device and the electromagnetic wave emission device, and that comprises a first hole, in which the discharge device is inserted, and a second hole, in which the electromagnetic wave emission device is accommodated, said accommodation part being insertable into a single hole in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.
[Problem] To improve the ignition characteristics of not only the central part, but also the outer edge part of a combustion chamber of a compression-ignition type internal combustion engine that uses a gaseous fuel for fuel. [Solution] This invention comprises: an electromagnetic wave generator that generates electromagnetic waves; a control device that controls the electromagnetic wave generator; and a plasma generator that has a booster circuit that boosts the electromagnetic waves by means of a resonance structure, a first electrode that receives output from the booster circuit, and a second electrode that is provided in proximity to the first electrode. The plasma generator is disposed in a plurality such that the first electrode is exposed to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
F02B 11/00 - Engines characterised by both fuel-air mixture compression and air compression, or characterised by both positive ignition and compression ignition, e.g. in different cylinders
F02B 23/08 - Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
F02P 13/00 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
28.
IGNITION DEVICE-INTEGRATED INJECTOR, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, GAS BURNER, AND IGNITION DEVICE
[Problem] To provide an ignition device-integrated injector in which a fuel injection device can be made compact in its entirety without making major changes to the structure thereof. [Solution] This invention is configured from: an ignition device 3 that boosts electromagnetic waves oscillated from an electromagnetic wave oscillator MW by means of a boosting means formed by a resonance structure, and increases the potential difference between a ground-contact electrode 51 and an electrical discharge electrode 31, causing an electrical discharge; and a fuel injection device 2 that controls the injection of fuel by a valve body part of a nozzle needle 24 being brought into contact with and separated from a valve seat (orifice) 23a. Additionally, the resonance structure is configured between a dielectric 30 formed on the surface of a fuel injection pipe 21 and connected to the electromagnetic wave oscillator, and an inner wall surface 50a of an installation opening 50 for an injector in a cylinder head 5. The electrical discharge electrode 31 is a protruding part formed on the surface of the fuel injection pipe 21, and electrical discharge is generated, having the part of the wall surface of the installation opening 50 closest to the electrical discharge electrode 31 serve as the ground-contact electrode 51.
[Problem] To provide a compression-ignition type internal combustion engine in which combustion control is possible. [Solution] This invention comprises: an injector that injects liquid fuel; an igniter that has a booster circuit that boosts microwaves by means of a resonance structure, a first electrode that receives output from the booster circuit, and a second electrode that is provided in proximity to the first electrode; a generator that generates the microwaves inputted to the igniter; and a control device that controls the timing and the magnitude of the microwaves generated by the generator. The control device controls the generator such that electricity is discharged between the first electrode and second electrode of the igniter during the period in which the injector injects fuel.
[Problem] To prevent a reduction in the ignition properties of a spark plug due to carbon deposits. [Solution] This spark plug includes: a central electrode that transmits microwaves; a discharge electrode that is attached to the tip end portion of the central electrode; a ground electrode that is provided in an area around the central electrode and the discharge electrode at a distance therefrom; and an insulating body that insulates the central electrode and the ground electrode. The tip end of the insulating body is disposed more rearward than the rear end of the discharge electrode.
This present invention has a coaxial structure wherein an internal conductor (2), an external conductor (3), and an insulating body (4) for insulation between the conductors are coaxially arranged. A connection terminal (5) for connecting the internal conductor (2) and the external conductor (3) to an electromagnetic wave transmitter (MW) is disposed on one end side of this structure. The internal conductor (2) on the other end side is extended beyond the external conductor (3), and the tip side of the extended internal conductor (2) is inverted and spirally wound so as to surround the internal conductor (2), thereby forming an inverted winding part (20) having a resonant structure. The diameter and length of the internal conductor (2) extending beyond the external conductor (3) and the number of turns of the inverted winding part (20) are determined such that the capacitive reactance (XC) and inductive reactance (XL) of the inverted winding part (20) become substantially the same.
[Problem] To provide an internal combustion engine utilizing a direct injection gas fuel injector, the internal combustion engine efficiently treating and utilizing excess fuel. [Solution] An internal combustion engine comprises: a combustion chamber; an intake port for taking in air into the combustion chamber; a direct injection injector for injecting gas fuel into the combustion chamber; a storage section for storing gas fuel; a first flow passage for transporting the gas fuel within the storage section to the injector; a compressor provided in the first flow passage and compressing the gas fuel; and a second flow passage for delivering excess fuel in the injector to the intake port.
F02M 37/00 - Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
F02B 43/00 - Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
F02M 21/02 - Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
F02M 57/06 - Fuel injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sparking-plugs
F02M 61/04 - Fuel injectors not provided for in groups or having valves
[Problem] To enable the use of gas fuels such as CNG in existing diesel engines. [Solution] The present invention is provided with: an injector; an igniter that uses a resonating structure to boost microwaves to perform electrical discharge; and a casing that houses the injector and the igniter. The igniter has: an electrical discharge part; a first section that transmits input microwaves; a second section that performs capactive coupling for matching the impedance of the microwaves and the igniter; and a third section that transmits the capacitively coupled microwaves to the electrical discharge part. The igniter is bent at the boundary of the first section and the second section, the boundary of the second section and third section, or in the first section.
[Problem] To provide a socket that supplies a discharge current and electromagnetic waves for spark discharge to a spark plug without installing a separate mixer. [Solution] The present invention is provided with: an electrical supply part 110 that is electrically connected to a terminal 20 of a spark plug 1; and an annular antenna 121 that supplies electromagnetic waves from a electromagnetic wave oscillator 104 to an inner conductor 2 of the spark plug by the capacitive coupling, via an insulator 3 of the spark plug 1, of the electromagnetic waves with the inner conductor 2 of the spark plug 1. The annular antenna 121 is preferably formed by winding the tip of a coaxial cable that serves as the transmission cable for the electromagnetic waves.
F02P 13/00 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
F02P 3/01 - Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
H01T 13/04 - Means providing electrical connection to sparking plugs
H01T 13/20 - Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
H01T 13/34 - Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by the mounting of electrodes in insulation, e.g. by embedding
[Problem] To provide a sparkplug capable of preventing failures caused by gas remaining inside, even if said sparkplug has, at the front tip of the central electrode, a conductor cylinder mounted on the outside surface of an insulation cylinder. The central electrode (2) consists of a rear tip (21) provided with a terminal part (20) to receive electric supply from the outside, and of a front tip (22), the diameterof which is smaller than the rear tip (21) diameter, and which is provided with an electrode tip part. At the front end part (22), a conductor cylinder (2A) is mounted on the outside surface of an insulation cylinder (2B). A ring (2C) to prevent the insulation cylinder (2B) from being dislodged is arranged on the inside surface at one end of the conductor cylinder (2A). The outside surface of the other end of the conductor cylinder (2A) is joined to the rear tip (21) of the central electrode (2). A gas exhausting mechanism (6) consisting of recesses and protrusions formed on the contact surface between the ring (2C) to prevent the insulation cylinder (2B) from being dislodged and said insulation cylinder, discharges to the outside the gas remaining inside.
H01T 13/20 - Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
H01T 13/34 - Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by the mounting of electrodes in insulation, e.g. by embedding
H01T 13/40 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices
[Problem] To provide an ignition device in which the voltage of an electromagnetic wave supplied by means of a resonant structure is boosted, and the potential difference between a discharge electrode and a ground electrode is increased, producing a discharge, said ignition device being made smaller and thinner, particularly thinner. [Solution] An ignition device is provided with: an input electrode 3 connected to an external terminal on one of short side on the primary surface of a rectangular insulating substrate 2; a coupling electrode 4 capacitively coupled with the input electrode 3; a discharge electrode 6 connected with the coupling electrode 4, via a coupling line 5, on the other short side; and a ground electrode 7 capacitively coupled between the coupling electrode 4 and the coupling line 5 on both of the long sides of the primary surface of the rectangular insulating substrate 2, and extending to the other short side. A resonant circuit is constituted by an inductor constituted by the coupling line 5 and a capacitor constituted by capacitive coupling. An electromagnetic wave is supplied to the input electrode from the external terminal resonate, and the potential difference between the discharge electrode 6 and the ground electrode 7 is increased, producing a discharge.
[Problem] To analyze a surface-oxidized sample using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) without increasing costs and without increasing the size of the device. [Solution] A method for analyzing a sample in which the characteristics of the surface layer section thereof are different from the bulk section thereof, said method comprising: a first step for removing the surface layer section by radiating laser light of a first intensity and microwaves; a second step for causing the sample to emit light by radiating laser light of a second intensity to the bulk section of the sample from which the surface layer section has been removed; and a third step for analyzing components of the sample on the basis of said light emission.
G01N 21/63 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
[Problem] To enable the use of gas fuels such as CNG in existing diesel engines. [Solution] An injector unit that can be inserted into a through hole for accommodating a diesel injector provided to a cylinder head of a compression ignition internal combustion engine that includes a combustion chamber having a first volume, said injector unit comprising: a gas fuel injector that is designed for a combustion chamber having a second volume smaller than the first volume; an ignition means that ignites the gas fuel; and a housing member that houses the gas fuel injector and the ignition means. The injection time for the gas fuel injector is set longer than that when the gas fuel injector is used for the combustion chamber having the second volume.
F02M 21/02 - Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
F02B 23/08 - Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
F02D 19/02 - Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
F02M 57/06 - Fuel injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sparking-plugs
F02M 61/04 - Fuel injectors not provided for in groups or having valves
F02P 3/01 - Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
F02P 13/00 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
H01T 13/22 - Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation having two or more electrodes embedded in insulation
[Problem] To enable the use of gas fuels such as CNG in existing diesel engines. [Solution] A direct-injection injector unit comprising a plurality of gas fuel injectors and an ignition means for igniting the gas fuel, said injector unit characterized in that the ignition means has a case, a center electrode, and an insulating body that insulates the case and the center electrode; the center electrode has a first electrode into which microwaves are input, a second electrode that is capacitively coupled with the first electrode, and a third electrode that includes a discharge part for discharging; impedance matching of the microwaves is performed using the first electrode and the second electrode; and a series circuit resonates with the microwaves, said series circuit being formed from the ground capacity set by the second electrode and the case, the coil reactance component of the third electrode, and the discharged capacity set by the third electrode and the case.
An objective of the present invention is to provide a small injector having an in-built ignition system, the injector being equipped with an ignition system and capable of using a simple configuration to reliably inject fuel and to add to fuel using little power. The present invention comprises: a fuel injection device (2) equipped with an injection port (20) for injecting fuel; an ignition system (3) that ignites the injected fuel; and a casing (10) in which the fuel injection device (2) and the ignition system (3) are arranged. The ignition system (3) is configured from a plasma generator (3) in which the following are integrally formed: a boosting means (5) comprising a resonating structure capacitively coupled with an electromagnetic wave emitter (MW) that emits electromagnetic waves; and a discharge unit (6) that discharges a high voltage generated by the boosting means (5).
An objective of the present invention is to provide a small injector having an in-built ignition system, the injector being equipped with an ignition system and capable of using a simple configuration to reliably inject fuel and to add to fuel using little power. The present invention comprises: a fuel injection device (2) equipped with an injection port (20) for injecting fuel; an ignition system (3) that ignites the injected fuel; and a casing (10) in which the fuel injection device (2) and the ignition system (3) are arranged. The ignition system (3) is configured from a plasma generator (3) in which the following are integrally formed: a boosting means (5) comprising a resonating structure capacitively coupled with an electromagnetic wave emitter (MW) that emits electromagnetic waves; and a discharge unit (6) that discharges a high voltage generated by the boosting means (5).
Provided is a spark plug that enables electromagnetic wave power loss to be reduced and in which there is no erosion of a central electrode tip portion even if the spark plug is configured so as to supply power for electromagnetic waves and a high voltage for discharge from the terminal side of the spark plug. Thus, an electrode part (2) is composed of a central electrode (2A) provided with an electrode tip for producing a discharge spark between the central electrode and a ground electrode (5), and a cylindrical insulation tube (2B) that covers the central electrode (2A). A conductive member (21) is provided to the outer peripheral surface of the insulation tube (2B), and the central electrode (2A) is electrically connected to a terminal (20) that receives a supply of power from outside.
H01T 13/20 - Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
F02P 3/01 - Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
F02P 13/00 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
H01T 13/04 - Means providing electrical connection to sparking plugs
H01T 13/22 - Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation having two or more electrodes embedded in insulation
H01T 13/34 - Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by the mounting of electrodes in insulation, e.g. by embedding
This ignition device includes an emission unit that emits electromagnetic waves to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and a generation unit that generates the electromagnetic waves to be supplied to said emission unit. The generation unit has an oscillator that generates electric signals of a frequency corresponding to said electromagnetic waves, a first amplifier circuit that amplifies said electric signals, and a second amplifier circuit that is provided downstream of the first amplifier circuit and performs amplification if the output from the first amplifier circuit is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. The first amplifier circuit turns on and off amplification of said electric signals in accordance with the timing at which the emission unit emits electromagnetic waves.
The present invention provides a plasma generator provided with a mixing circuit, said plasma generator being reduced in size and capable of being easily installed in a restricted space inside an engine. The present invention is a heat engine or a plasma generator provided with an ignition coil for supplying a discharge voltage, an electromagnetic wave oscillator that generates electromagnetic waves, a mixer that mixes energy for discharge with electromagnetic wave energy, and a spark plug that causes a discharge and introduces the electromagnetic wave energy to a reaction region. The discharge and electromagnetic wave energy are used together in the reaction region, wherein a combustion reaction or plasma reaction is carried out, triggering a combustion reaction or plasma reaction. The plasma generator is characterized in that part of a member that constitutes the spark plug is used as part of a member that forms the mixer.
[Problem] To provide an ignition system for a compact internal combustion engine, which does not require a complex system or a spark plug which discharges a high voltage, and which, by using only electromagnetic waves, can efficiently generate, expand and maintain plasma. Moreover, to provide an internal combustion engine. This ignition system is characterized by comprising: an electromagnetic wave oscillator (3) which oscillates electromagnetic waves; a control device (4) that controls the electromagnetic wave oscillator (3); and a plasma generator (10) which integrates a booster circuit (5) containing a resonant circuit capacitive coupled with the electromagnetic wave oscillator (3), and a discharge electrode (6) which discharges a high voltage generated by the booster circuit (5), wherein the plasma generator (10) comprises a plurality of discharge electrodes (6) arranged so as to be exposed within the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
Provided is a spark plug with which it is possible to prevent fusion loss of the central electrode tip and reduce power loss, even if the spark plug is constituted to supply discharge current and electromagnetic waves from the terminal mounting part of the spark plug. Also provided is a plasma generating device using said spark plug. The spark plug comprises: a central electrode having a terminal mounting part (2A) and an electrode body (2B) which is electrically connected to this terminal mounting part (2A); insulating porcelain (3) having an axial hole (30) in which the central electrode (2) is fitted; a main fitting part (4) which surrounds the periphery of the insulating porcelain (3); and an earthed electrode (5) which is formed so as to extend from the end surface of this main fitting part (4) , and which forms a discharge gap in which spark discharge occurs in the space between the earthed electrode (5) and the electrode body (2B) of the central electrode (2). The electrode body (2B) comprises a tip electrode (25) equipped with an electrode tip (25a) for generating a spark discharge between the tip and the earthed electrode (5); a cylindrical tip inductive tube (24) which covers the electrode tip part (25a); and a cylindrical connecting conductive tube (23) which connects the tip inductive tube (24) and the terminal mounting part (2A).
H01T 13/20 - Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
F02P 13/00 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
H01T 13/34 - Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by the mounting of electrodes in insulation, e.g. by embedding
H01T 13/44 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices with transformers, e.g. for high-frequency ignition
H01T 15/00 - Circuits specially adapted for spark gaps, e.g. ignition circuits
The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ignition plug with little power loss even when the center electrode of the ignition plug for supplying high-frequency power such as microwaves is made of iron as a main material. A low-impedance layer (6) made of a material with permeability lower than iron is provided between the outer peripheral surface of a center electrode (2) and the inner peripheral surface of the axial hole (30) of an insulator (3). The low-impedance layer (6) is in contact with at least the outer peripheral surface (surface) of the center electrode (2) and thereby reduces power loss of an electromagnetic wave flowing on the surface of the center electrode (2). Specifically, the impedance layer (6) is made of silver, copper, gold, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, bismuth, palladium, lead, tin, an alloy essentially consisting these metals, or a composite material including these metals.
Provided is an internal combustion engine that can reduce the intensity of vibration acting on an electromagnetic wave element provided to a head part of an ignition coil. An internal combustion engine (20) comprises an internal combustion engine main body (28) and a substantially columnar ignition coil (30). A head part (32) at one end of the ignition coil (30) is provided with an electromagnetic wave element (35) for outputting electromagnetic waves irradiated into a combustion chamber (24) of the internal combustion engine main body (28), and a plurality of support members (41, 42) are provided for supporting the ignition coil (30) when an attachment part (33) at the other end of the ignition coil (30) is attached to a spark plug (26), the support members (41, 42) supporting the ignition coil (30) either at or near a nodal point (50) in a characteristic vibration mode of vibration occurring in the ignition coil (30) along with vibration of the internal combustion engine main body (28). The ignition coil (30) is not supported on the side toward the head part (32) relative to the support member (41) nearest the head part (32).
The objective of the present invention is to provide a plasma generating device which generates electromagnetic wave plasma by the radiation of electromagnetic waves, and with which multiple power supplies, complex systems and the like are unnecessary, the amount of power required is reduced, and the generation, expansion, and maintenance of plasma are efficiently carried out. The present invention is a plasma generating device provided with an electromagnetic wave oscillator that emits electromagnetic waves, and a control device that controls the electromagnetic wave oscillator, said plasma generating device being characterized by being provided with a step-up circuit that causes the electromagnetic waves that have been emitted from the electromagnetic wave oscillator to resonate, thereby generating a high voltage, and a discharge electrode that discharges the high voltage generated by the step-up circuit.
[Problem] To provide a measuring implement which can be easily mounted to an internal combustion engine. [Solution] A measuring implement (30) is equipped with: a measurement container (31) having formed therein a chamber (34) to be measured, into which a gas to be measured enters, and an inlet passage, through which the gas to be measured is introduced into the chamber (34) to be measured; and a connection structure (32) which, when a plug is not mounted to a plughole (25) that opens into a combustion chamber (24) in an internal combustion engine (20), connects the inlet passage to the plughole (25). The measurement container (31) may be provided with a plasma generation device (45), which generates plasma in the chamber (34) to be measured, or a mounting structure for mounting a heating device, which heats the gas to be measured in the chamber (34) to be measured.
The present invention provides a plasma generating device that improves plasma generating efficiency for the power used and can further accommodate changes in plasma generating state because of changes in conditions of surroundings and the like. The present invention is a plasma generating device provided with an electromagnetic wave radiating device (13), which has an electromagnetic wave generating device (31) that oscillates electromagnetic waves and a radiating antenna (16) that radiates electromagnetic waves oscillated by the electromagnetic wave generating device (31), and a control device (35) that controls the electromagnetic wave radiating device (13). The plasma generating device is characterized by the electromagnetic wave radiating device (13) being provided with a power detector (15) that detects traveling wave power output by the electromagnetic wave generating device (31) and reflected wave power reflected from the radiating antenna (16) and the control device (35) automatically controlling the oscillation pattern for the electromagnetic waves on the basis of the proportion of the value for the reflected wave power to the value for the traveling wave power detected by the power detector (15).
[Problem] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave emission device in which the destination to which an electromagnetic wave is supplied can be switched among a plurality of emission antennas, wherein there are no problems such as breakage of a switching element even in a case where a large-power electromagnetic wave is emitted. The present invention is an electromagnetic wave emission device characterized by the following: an electromagnetic wave output from an electromagnetic wave generator is distributed to a plurality of emission antennas, and then from among the plurality of emission antennas, a target antenna having plasma nearby is supplied with an electromagnetic wave distributed to the target antenna and all or part of the electromagnetic waves reflected by the emission antennas other than the target antenna; and the all or part of the electromagnetic waves distributed to the target antenna and all or part of the electromagnetic waves supplied to the target antenna after reflection by the emission antennas other than the target antenna are emitted from the target antenna to the plasma.
[Problem] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method with which it is possible to precisely and conveniently measure the cylinder volume when a piston is in the top dead center position, without the measurement being influenced by the gap around the piston ring, in the combustion chamber of a reciprocating engine. [Solution] The present invention is a volume measuring device for a cylinder in a reciprocating engine, the volume measuring device being characterised by comprising: a coating forming means which, using pyrolytic resin, forms a coating on either part or all of the inner surface of the cylinder; a pressure measuring means which introduces a fixed quantity of gas into the cylinder in which the coating has been formed, or emits a fixed quantity of gas from the inside of the cylinder, and measures the pressure within the cylinder before and after the introduction/emission; and a volume calculating means which uses the pressure value obtained by the pressure measuring means to calculate the volume of the cylinder.
The present invention addresses the issue of improving the plasma generation efficiency, relative to the power used, in a plasma generation device. The present invention is a plasma generation device provided with an electromagnetic radiation antenna and a discharge electrode, and characterized by being provided with a plasma control device for controlling the generation of plasma, and by the plasma control device using drive sequence control to intermittently cause the radiation of electromagnetic waves from the electromagnetic radiation antenna. In particular, the plasma control device preferably controls the oscillation frequency, power, output timing, pulse width, pulse period and duty ratio of the electromagnetic waves.
The present invention addresses the problem of providing an antenna structure which is not susceptible to wear and deterioration caused by high-frequency radiation, and which is capable of inputting high-frequency energy efficiently in accordance with a flowing flame, and providing an internal combustion engine equipped with this antenna structure and an ignition device. The internal combustion engine according to the present invention is equipped with a high-frequency wave transmission line that transmits high-frequency waves and an emission antenna unit for emitting the high-frequency waves supplied via the high-frequency wave transmission line, with the emission antenna unit comprising a rod-shaped metal antenna and a ceramic layer that covers at least a portion of this metal antenna.
F02P 3/01 - Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
H01Q 1/40 - Radiating elements coated with, or embedded in, protective material
H01Q 9/30 - Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
H01Q 19/10 - Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
56.
SYSTEM FOR PROVISION OF ANALYSIS RESULTS, ANALYSIS TERMINAL, AND METHOD FOR PROVISION OF ANALYSIS RESULTS
The present invention addresses the issue of providing a system for the provision of analysis results, said system enabling analysis results for a substance to be analyzed to be obtained without moving the substance to be analyzed, when analyzing the substance to be analyzed using information about plasma light generated from a plasma area when the substance to be analyzed is made to be in a plasma state. The present invention is a system for the provision of analysis results, said system comprising: an analysis terminal which makes the substance to be analyzed into a plasma state and obtains information about plasma light generated from a plasma area; a host-side communication unit which obtains the information about the plasma light via a communication network; and an information analysis unit which uses the plasma light information obtained by the host-side communication unit to analyze the substance to be analyzed. The host-side communication unit is provided with a host computer which transmits, to a receiver of the information about the plasma light, the analysis results for the substance to be analyzed, said results having been obtained by the analysis carried out by the information analysis unit using the information about the plasma light.
G01N 21/68 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using high frequency electric fields
The present invention addresses the issue, in a plasma generating device comprising a plasma generating unit which generates plasma, a dilution gas supply means which supplies dilution gas for diluting plasma generated by the plasma generating unit, and a spray port for spraying plasma gas obtained by diluting the plasma with the dilution gas, of altering and controlling the characteristics of the plasma gas, thus expanding the plasma gas or increasing the activity of the plasma gas, without controlling the power inputted to the plasma generating unit from a power source. The plasma generating device according to the present invention is provided with an electromagnetic wave generating device for irradiating electromagnetic waves, from an antenna, in a region in which plasma is generated and/or a region through which plasma gas passes.
The present invention addresses the problem of providing a versatile gas concentration estimation device for estimating the concentration of target components in a gas for analysis, by analyzing light which is generated from the plasma of the gas for analysis. The present invention is a gas concentration estimation device provided with a plasma generating device for converting a gas for analysis to a plasma state, and an analysis device for analyzing the plasma light generated from the plasma which has been generated by the plasma generating device, and then estimating the concentration of target components in the gas for analysis, wherein the analysis device estimates the concentration of the target components on the basis of the light-emission intensity of wavelength components corresponding to the light emission of specific radicals having an atomic structure which differs from the target components, and including atoms or molecules separated from the target components.
G01N 21/68 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using high frequency electric fields
G01N 21/67 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using electric arcs or discharges
The purpose of the present invention is to improve the thermal conductivity of a central electrode in a spark plug of a type wherein the central electrode protrudes from a partition surface of a combustion chamber into the combustion chamber. This spark plug is provided with a central electrode to which a high voltage is applied to cause a spark discharge; a ceramic insulator in which a through-hole is formed for the central electrode to be embedded therein; and a ground electrode that forms a discharge gap with the central electrode in which the spark discharge occurs. When the spark plug is mounted in an internal combustion engine, the central electrode protrudes from the partition surface of the internal combustion engine into the combustion chamber. Of the central electrode, an entire main body section which is embedded in the through-hole of the ceramic insulator is made of a highly thermally conductive material with a thermal conductivity of at least 250 W/mK.
The present invention mitigates or eliminates the problem of uncombusted fuel being exhausted outside of a cylinder in cases when combustion of the air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber has been inadequate. High voltage is applied to a spark plug via a spark coil, igniting the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber with a spark discharge generated by the spark plug. When a worsening of combustion conditions is detected during the expansion stage caused by combustion, a microwave electric field is generated in the combustion chamber during the final period of the expansion stage before the exhaust valve opening timing, causing plasma to be generated and grow in the combustion chamber.
In order to simplify the structure of a plasma generating device which generates plasma by means of electromagnetic waves, using thermions as a trigger, this plasma generating device (30) is provided with: thermion emitting members (14) which emit thermions when heated; a heating device (13) which uses electromagnetic waves to heat the thermion emitting members (14); and an electric field concentrating member (61) which concentrates an electric field, resulting from the electromagnetic waves generated by the heating device (13), in the vicinity of the thermion emitting members (14). The plasma generating device (30) heats the thermion emitting members (14) by means of the heating device (13), and uses the electric field concentrating member (61) to concentrate the electric field, resulting from the electromagnetic waves, in the vicinity of the thermion emitting members (14), thus generating plasma in the vicinity of the thermion emitting members (14).
The purpose of the present invention is to cause scattering of a pulverulent substance to be analyzed to be minimized in an analyzer over a period during which the substance is analyzed, the analyzer adapted for analyzing a plasma-state substance by analyzing light emitted therefrom. The present invention is an analyzer characterized in being provided with a plasma-generating means for generating plasma inside a space and maintaining the plasma using energy from electromagnetic waves radiating from a radiation antenna; and an optical analysis means for analyzing the plasma-state substance by analyzing plasma light emitted from the substance positioned in a plasma region, the analysis being performed during a plasma-maintaining period in which the plasma-generating means maintains the plasma using energy from electromagnetic waves. The plasma-generating means radiates electromagnetic waves from the radiation antenna using continuous waves during the plasma-maintaining period.
G01N 21/73 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using plasma burners or torches
The purpose of the present invention is to increase the amount of high-frequency wave energy that can be emitted from an emission antenna provided to one end of a plug for high-frequency wave emission. The present invention is a plug for high-frequency wave emission which is: equipped with a high-frequency wave transmission line for transmitting high-frequency waves, an emission antenna for emitting the high-frequency waves supplied via the high-frequency wave transmission line, and a columnar insulator in which a conductor used in transmission that configures the high frequency wave transmission line is provided extending from an end part to which the emission antenna is provided to the other end part; and attached to a partitioning member for partitioning a target space used by the high-frequency waves, said plug being attached such that the emission antenna side of the columnar insulating body is exposed to the target space. The plug for high-frequency wave emission is characterized in that the end surface of the emission antenna side of the columnar insulator is slanted with respect to a cross section of the columnar insulator, and the emission antenna is bent along the end surface of the emission antenna side.
The purpose of the present invention is to suppress the decrease in function due to burning of the microcoil in a heating device in which a microcoil having carbon atoms or molecules containing carbon as the principal component is used to heat the heated object provided in a space channelling high-temperature gas. The present invention is a heating device having a microcoil having carbon atoms or molecules containing carbon as the principal component; the heating device being provided with a heat-emitting layer provided integrally with the heated object provided in a target space channelling high-pressure gas, and an electromagnetic wave emission device for emitting electromagnetic waves into the target space; electromagnetic waves being emitted from the electromagnetic wave emission device into the target space and the microcoil being caused to generate heat, whereby the heated object is heated; the heating device characterized in being provided with a coating layer coating all regions of the heat-emitting layer.
F01N 3/24 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
F01N 3/023 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
F01N 3/027 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
The present invention addresses the problem of suppressing high-frequency noise radiated from a radiation antenna in a high-frequency radiation plug, wherein the radiation antenna is provided to one end of a casing. The present invention is a high-frequency radiation plug comprising: a transmission line that transmits electromagnetic waves; a radiation antenna for radiating the electromagnetic waves supplied via the transmission line; and a casing that is configured from a cylindrical conductor, has one end provided with the radiation antenna, and accommodates the transmission line extending from the radiation antenna to the other end side. The high-frequency radiation plug is characterized in that the transmission line is configured by embedding in an insulator, inside the casing, a center conductor that is electrically connected to the radiation antenna, and an outer conductor that surrounds the center conductor with a space therebetween, and the outer conductor is provided in a state of non-contact with the casing.
The purpose of the present invention is to improve the radiation efficiency of high-frequency waves in an antenna structure in which a radiation antenna for radiating high-frequency waves is embedded in an insulator. The present invention is an antenna structure including a radiation antenna for radiating high-frequency waves, and an insulator in which the radiation antenna is embedded, wherein the insulator has a main radiation surface formed thereon, with the main radiation surface exposed to a radiation space radiating high-frequency waves, and the high-frequency waves radiated from the radiation antenna radiating to the radiation space. The antenna structure is characterized in that the radiation antenna is shaped as a rod and bends along the main radiation surface inside the insulator, and the placement positions of adjacent contacting sections in the radiation antenna are staggered in a direction perpendicular to the main radiation surface.
The purpose of the present invention is to improve the radiation efficiency of high-frequency waves in an antenna structure in which a radiation antenna is integrated with a high-frequency transmission line of a laminated structure. The present invention is an antenna structure characterized by comprising: a columnar high-frequency transmission line which is constituted by laminating and integrating a plurality of sheet-like insulators, and which has a high-frequency transmission conductor embedded therein; a covering insulator that is laminated so as to cover the emission end surface from which high-frequency waves are emitted in the high-frequency transmission line; and a radiation antenna that is embedded inside the covering insulator or between the emission end surface and the covering insulator such that the high-frequency waves input from the emission end surface are radiated to a space to which the covering insulator is exposed.
H01Q 9/42 - Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
F02P 3/01 - Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
F02P 13/00 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
H01Q 1/40 - Radiating elements coated with, or embedded in, protective material
The purpose of the present invention is to effectively increase flame propagation velocity by utilizing electromagnetic wave in an internal combustion engine in which combustion of mixture gas is promoted by utilizing electromagnetic wave. An internal combustion engine according to the present invention is provided with: an internal combustion engine main body forming a combustion chamber; an ignition apparatus for igniting the mixture gas in the combustion chamber such that a combustion cycle is repeated in which the mixture gas is combusted by igniting the mixture gas by the ignition apparatus; an electromagnetic wave radiating apparatus for radiating electromagnetic wave from a radiating antenna into the combustion chamber; a flame propagation estimation unit for performing an estimating operation for estimating the state of flame propagation during the propagation of flame in the combustion chamber; and a control means for controlling the electromagnetic wave radiating apparatus on the basis of the result of estimation by the estimating operation.
The purpose of the present invention is to enable the effective radiation of electromagnetic waves from a radiating antenna to a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine wherein electromagnetic waves are used to promote the combustion of an air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. The present invention is an internal combustion engine which is provided with an internal combustion engine body in which a combustion chamber is formed, and an electromagnetic wave radiating device for radiating electromagnetic waves from a radiating antenna to the combustion chamber, and which promotes the combustion of an air-fuel mixture by means of the electromagnetic waves radiated to the combustion chamber; wherein the radiating antenna extends along a partition surface within an insulating member provided on the partition surface partitioning the combustion chamber, and a grounded ground conductor is provided in the insulating member, on the opposite side of the combustion chamber to the radiating antenna.
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
F02P 3/01 - Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
The objective of the present invention is to increase the propagation velocity of flames in an area near the outer periphery of a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine which is provided with an internal combustion engine body in which a combustion chamber is formed, and an ignition device for igniting an air-fuel mixture in the central part of the combustion chamber, and in which a combustion cycle is repeated in which the air-fuel mixture is ignited by the ignition device and combusted. The internal combustion engine is provided with: an electromagnetic wave radiation device for radiating electromagnetic waves from a radiating antenna to the combustion chamber; a receiving antenna, which is provided on the partition member, to the portion of the partition member (piston) partitioning the combustion chamber, said partition member partitioning an area near the outer periphery of the combustion chamber, and the antenna resonating with the electromagnetic waves radiated from the radiating antenna to the combustion chamber; and a control device, which controls the electromagnetic wave radiation device such that the electromagnetic waves are radiated from the radiating antenna to the combustion chamber during the propagation of the flames, after the air-fuel mixture has been ignited by the ignition device.
In order to increase the propagation speed of flames in an internal combustion engine which uses electromagnetic waves to promote the combustion of mixed gases in a combustion chamber, by effectively using the energy of electromagnetic waves in the combustion chamber, an internal combustion engine is provided with an electromagnetic wave radiating device and a control device, in addition to an internal combustion engine main-body and an ignition device. The electromagnetic wave radiating device radiates electromagnetic waves to the combustion chamber during the propagation of flames after the mixed gases have been set alight. The control device controls the frequency of the electromagnetic waves being radiated to the combustion engine, in consideration of the resonant frequency of the combustion chamber, in accordance with the operating status of the internal combustion engine main-body or the propagation status of the flames.
In order to reduce the size of an electromagnetic wave generating device in a plasma generating device which generates electromagnetic wave plasma by radiating electromagnetic waves to a target area, the waves having been amplified using a solid state amplification element, a plasma generating device is provided with an electromagnetic wave generating device which outputs electromagnetic waves that have been amplified using a solid state amplification element, and a radiating antenna for radiating the electromagnetic waves, outputted from the electromagnetic wave generating device, toward the target space; and the plasma generating device generates electromagnetic wave plasma by radiating the electromagnetic waves from the radiating antenna toward the target space. The plasma generating device has properties whereby the output waveform from the electromagnetic wave generating device has a peak in the leading edge, and the electromagnetic waves are outputted toward the radiating antenna without reducing the rising peak in the output waveform.
[Problem] To simplify adjustments to the position of a radiation antenna in a plasma generating apparatus in which plasma generated by electric discharge is expanded using electromagnetic waves. [Solution] A plasma generating apparatus (30) is equipped with an electromagnetic wave generating device (31), a radiation antenna (16), a high-voltage generator (14), and a discharge electrode (15). The radiation antenna (16) is disposed such that a discharge gap is formed relative to the discharge electrode (15), to which a high voltage outputted from the high-voltage generator (14) is applied. In the plasma generating device (30), discharge plasma is generated in the discharge gap by the output of a high voltage from the high-voltage generator (14), and the discharge plasma is expanded by outputting electromagnetic waves from the electromagnetic wave generating device (31) to emit the electromagnetic waves from the radiation antenna (16).
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
F02P 3/01 - Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
F02P 13/00 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
G01N 21/67 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using electric arcs or discharges
In order to enlarge the plasma generation region of a plasma generating device for generating plasma by using electromagnetic waves, a plasma generating device is provided with: an electromagnetic wave generating device for generating electromagnetic waves; a radiating antenna for radiating the electromagnetic waves, supplied by the electromagnetic wave generating device, toward a target space; and a receiving antenna which is in close proximity to the radiating antenna, and which has been earthed such that the voltage of a near-section which is in close proximity to the radiating antenna is relatively high throughout the period during which electromagnetic waves are being radiated from the radiating antenna. The plasma generating device generates plasma in close proximity to the near-section and in close proximity to the radiating antenna in the target space by radiating electromagnetic waves from the radiating antenna.
In order that an internal combustion engine, which uses electromagnetic waves to promote the combustion of mixed gases in a combustion chamber, uses the energy of the electromagnetic waves in a larger area of the combustion chamber, an internal combustion engine is provided with an electromagnetic wave radiating device, a plurality of receiving antennae, and a control device, in addition to an internal combustion engine main-body and an ignition device. The electromagnetic wave radiating device radiates electromagnetic waves toward the combustion chamber. The plurality of receiving antennae are provided on a partitioning member which partitions the combustion chamber, and resonate with the electromagnetic waves radiated from the electromagnetic wave radiating device to the combustion chamber. The control device switches, amongst the plurality of receiving antennae, the receiving antenna resonating with the electromagnetic waves radiated from the electromagnetic wave radiating device toward the combustion chamber.
The present invention addresses the problem of improving the fuel consumption of a spark ignition internal combustion engine by reducing the emission of unburned fuel in spark ignition internal combustion engines that react an electric field generated in a combustion chamber with a spark discharge from a spark plug, generate plasma and ignite an air-fuel mixture. A spark ignition internal combustion engine that reacts an electric field generated in a combustion chamber with a spark discharge from a spark plug, generates plasma and ignites an air-fuel mixture is characterized by being provided with an electromagnetic-wave emitting device that emits electromagnetic waves to the combustion chamber when the air-fuel mixture is to be burned, and a protruding member that protrudes from a partition surface that partitions the combustion chamber, at least a portion of said protruding member being formed from a conductor.
The present invention achieves improved fuel efficiency by providing a configuration such that plasma produced at the time of ignition diffuses into the entire combustion chamber in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine. An ignition device for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine is provided with an ignition plug, and a transmitting antenna which is provided near the ignition plug and transmits an electric wave into a combustion chamber, and generates plasma by reacting a spark discharge generated between a center electrode and a ground electrode of the ignition plug and an electric field generated in the combustion chamber via the transmitting antenna with each other to thereby ignite an air-fuel mixture. A receiving antenna for receiving the electric wave transmitted from the transmitting antenna is provided on a surface facing the inside of the combustion chamber of a suction valve and/or an exhaust valve.
A plasma generation device that generates plasma upstream from a purification catalyst for purifying engine exhaust, wherein plasma is effectively brought into contact with the purification catalyst, thereby shortening the time required to activate the purification catalyst. The plasma generation device is provided with: a passage forming member (41) which is positioned upstream from a purification catalyst (31) in an exhaust passage (30) and has an internal passage (40) formed therein through which exhaust gas passes; and a plasma generator (29) that generates plasma in the internal passage (40). The outlet section of the internal passage (40) is either adjacent to or in contact with the purification catalyst (31) so that the plasma generated by the plasma generator (29) from exhaust gas running through the internal passage (40) blows out of an outlet (43) of the internal passage (40) and reaches the purification catalyst (31).
The present invention is a control device for an internal combustion engine that causes a fuel injection valve having a plurality of nozzle holes formed therein to perform a main injection and a series of micro-injections preceding the main injection, into a cylinder of a compression-ignition type internal combustion engine during one combustion cycle of the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is characterized by being provided with an ignition promotion means having a function for promoting ignition of fuel spray in the internal combustion engine by supplying electrical energy to the fuel spray formed by the micro-injections; and the control device for the internal combustion engine is provided with a combustion control means for performing processing that causes the fuel injection valve to perform the series of micro-injections, in such a way that the fuel sprays formed by the first micro-injection of the series of micro-injections are connected to the fuel sprays formed by the micro-injections following the first micro-injection of the series of micro-injections.
F02D 41/38 - Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
F02B 31/02 - Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder in engines having inlet valves arranged eccentrically to cylinder axis
F02D 9/02 - Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
F02P 3/01 - Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
Provided is an electromagnetic wave emitting device (30) capable of switching amongst a plurality of terminal antennae (41) to a terminal antenna (41) for supplying electromagnetic waves, wherein the controllability of the timing of switching is improved. A switching apparatus (33) contains: a cavity resonator (50) in which a resonance space (60) is formed; an input side antenna (51) for emitting inputted electromagnetic waves, generated by an electromagnetic wave oscillator (32), to the resonance space (60); a plurality of output side antennae (52), which are provided to correspond with each terminal antenna (41), and which receive the electromagnetic waves to be output to the corresponding terminal antenna (41) within the resonance space (60); and adjustment mechanisms (53) which adjust the conductivity and the electrical characteristics of transmission lines (55), and one of each of which is provided to each of the electromagnetic wave transmission lines (55) that connect the output side antennae (52) with the terminal antenna (41). The switching apparatus (33) controls the adjustment mechanism (53) to switch to a transmission line (55), amongst the plurality of transmission lines (55), through which electromagnetic waves flow, thus switching the output side antenna (52) for receiving electromagnetic waves within the resonance space (60).
A high frequency switching device (33) for switching an output terminal (42) from which a high frequency is outputted, among a plurality of output terminals (42), wherein the switching of the output terminal (42) from which a high frequency is outputted is carried out at high speed and with little loss. A high frequency switching device (33) has switching units (46) provided in branched transmission lines (45) corresponding to each of the output terminals (42). The switching units (46) are each provided with: a transmission-side diode (63) provided in a manner such that within the branched transmission line (45) the cathode forms the input terminal (41) side and the anode forms the output terminal (42) side; and an earth-side diode (65) in which the cathode is earthed and the anode is electrically connected between the output terminal (42) and the transmission-side diode (63) in the branched transmission line (45). First and second capacitors (51, 52) are provided in each of the branched transmission lines (45) further to the output terminal (42) side than the transmission-side diode (63) and so as to surround the connection location of the earth-side diode (65).
Provided is a spark plug (15) that has an antenna (54) for emitting high frequencies to a combustion chamber (20) of an internal-combustion engine (10), wherein the propagation velocity of the flames is augmented using high frequencies emitted from the antenna (54). The spark plug (15) has a spark plug body (30) and an antenna (54). The antenna (54) is provided on a tip-side surface of a roughly tubular second conductive member (33) within the spark plug body (30) that houses a cylindrical first conductive member (31) and a roughly tubular insulating member (32) within which the first conductive member (31) is provided.
This internal combustion engine (10) has an ignition device (12) that ignites an air-fuel mixture more forcefully than a spark discharge in a combustion chamber (20), wherein the discharge of unburned fuel is reduced and the fuel economy of the internal combustion engine (10) is improved. The internal combustion engine (10) is provided with an internal combustion engine body (11) with the combustion chamber (20) formed therein, and the ignition device (12) that ignites the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (20) more forcefully than a spark discharge, as well as an electromagnetic-wave radiation device (13) that radiates, from an antenna (41), electromagnetic waves supplied by an electromagnetic-wave oscillator (32). The electromagnetic-wave radiation device (13) radiates electromagnetic waves from the antenna (41) and forms an electric field that increases the propagation speed of a flame.
In the present invention, discharge plasma generated by a discharge device effectively absorbs the energy of electromagnetic waves radiated from an electromagnetic radiation device in an internal combustion engine with a combustion chamber in which a predetermined gas flow is produced. When igniting the air-fuel mixture by concurrently performing a discharge operation and a radiation operation, downstream of a discharge gap with respect to the direction of the gas flow in the discharge gap, the radiation position of electromagnetic waves from an antenna in the radiation operation faces the discharge plasma flowing as a result of the gas flow.
An internal combustion engine (10) that uses active species to promote combustion, wherein active species are used to effectively increase flame propagation speed. The internal combustion engine (10) is provided with an engine body (11) in which an air-fuel mixture is combusted in a combustion chamber (20), and an active-species generator (13) that generates active species in regions ahead of the flame front as the flame propagates within the combustion chamber (20). The active-species generator (13) generates active species in regions through which the flame will pass before the flame front reaches the regions.
The present invention uses an engine control device (13), which cannot output a control signal to an electromagnetic wave radiation device (30), to radiate electromagnetic waves from the electromagnetic wave radiation device (30) to a combustion chamber (10) in an engine (20) at an appropriate timing. A signal processing device (40) is connected to an engine control device (13) which outputs, to an ignition device (12) in the engine (20), an ignition signal for instructing the execution of an ignition operation for igniting the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (10) of the engine (20). The signal processing device (40) receives the ignition signal and then outputs, to the electromagnetic wave radiation device (30), an electromagnetic wave drive signal specifying the radiation period of the electromagnetic waves on the basis of the ignition signal, so that the ignition operation is executed during the radiation period in which the electromagnetic wave radiation device (30) attached to the engine (20) radiates electromagnetic waves to the combustion chamber (10).
An internal combustion engine (20) in which the combustion of fuel injected from an injector (50) to a combustion chamber (21) is promoted by means of electromagnetic wave plasma, wherein electromagnetic wave plasma jets are generated corresponding to a plurality of jets injected from the injector (50). A plurality of antennas (36) are provided so as to correspond with a plurality of nozzle holes (55) in the injector (50). In the piston (46), the antennas (36) are arranged on an exposed surface (46a) exposed to the combustion chamber (21) at positions corresponding to the nozzle holes (55). When fuel is injected from the injector (50), electromagnetic wave plasma is generated by electromagnetic waves being emitted from each antenna (36) to the combustion chamber (21).
F02B 23/06 - Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
F02P 3/01 - Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
A plasma device (30) which ignites an air-fuel mixture by radiating the combustion chamber (10) of an engine (20) with electromagnetic waves, thereby generating electromagnetic plasma, wherein the fuel efficiency of the engine (20) is improved if the air-fuel mixture is subjected to lean-burn. During the flame propagation after the air-fuel mixture has been ignited in the combustion chamber (10), the combustion chamber (10) is irradiated with electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic waves are made to resonate with the electrons in the propagating flames. By having these electromagnetic waves resonate with the electrons in the propagating flames, the flame propagation rate is increased.
A plasma generation device (30) for generating electromagnetic wave plasma by emitting electromagnetic waves in a combustion chamber (21) in an internal combustion engine (20), wherein the combustion is promoted by increasing the contact between the electromagnetic wave plasma and the gas in the combustion chamber (21). An antenna (36) extends along the ceiling surface of the combustion chamber (21). A regulator (37), for altering the position of a strong electric field in the antenna when the electromagnetic waves have been supplied, is provided. During the electromagnetic wave plasma generation period, a control device (10) controls the regulator (37) and alters the position of the electromagnetic wave plasma on the basis of the state of the combustion chamber (21).
A plasma generation device (30) for generating electromagnetic wave plasma by emitting electromagnetic waves in a combustion chamber (10) in an engine (20), wherein reflection of the electromagnetic waves in a load is suppressed. The plasma generation device (30) comprises an electromagnetic wave generator (33) for generating electromagnetic waves, and an antenna (15a) for emitting the electromagnetic waves generated by the electromagnetic wave generator (33) to the combustion chamber (10) in the engine (20), and generates electromagnetic wave plasma in the combustion chamber by means of the electromagnetic waves emitted from the antenna (15a). The device is further provided with a stub (51) and stub controllers (52, 53). The stub (51) is provided on the electromagnetic wave transmission line (60) connecting the electromagnetic wave generator (33) and the antenna (15a). When the engine (20) is operating, the stub controllers (52, 53) adjust the short position of the stub (51) on the basis of the intensity of the reflected waves of the electromagnetic waves from the antenna (15a).
In the present invention, in a compression-ignition internal combustion engine (20) in which a magnetoplasma is generated by subjecting a combustion chamber (21) to electromagnetic radiation during a pre-injection phase, the combustion state of fuel injected during a main injection is stably corrected with respect to changes in the operating state of the main part (22) of the internal combustion engine. A control device (10) for said internal combustion engine controls a fuel-injection device (24) such that before the main injection, an amount of fuel smaller than the amount injected during the main injection is pre-injected. The control device also controls a plasma-generation device (30) so as to generate a magnetoplasma by subjecting the combustion chamber (21) to electromagnetic radiation during the pre-injection phase. The control device (10) controls the amount of electromagnetic energy that the combustion chamber (21) is subjected to during the pre-injection phase in accordance with the operating state of the main part (22) of the internal combustion engine, thereby controlling the state of heat generation accompanying the combustion of the fuel injected during the main injection.
A plasma generation device (30) with a simple configuration, which generates electromagnetic plasma by emitting electromagnetic waves in a target space (51), wherein electromagnetic plasma is generated in a plurality of locations by relatively low electromagnetic wave energy. The plasma generation device (30) is provided with: an antenna (36) for emitting, to the target space (51), electromagnetic waves supplied from an electromagnetic-wave generator (33); a discharger (35) in the target space (51) which forcibly discharges free electrons from gas molecules; and electric field concentration members (40) that concentrate electric fields generated by electromagnetic waves emitted from the antenna (36). The electric field concentration members (40) are arranged so as not to contact the antenna (36). The plasma generation device (30) generates electromagnetic plasma in the vicinity of the electric field concentration members (40) and in the vicinity of the antenna (36) by emitting electromagnetic waves from the antenna (36) while also discharging free electrons from the discharger (35).
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
F02B 23/10 - Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
F02P 3/01 - Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
F02P 13/00 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
An analysis device is provided with a plasma generation device and a photometric analysis device. The plasma generation device momentarily energises matter to be analysed and generates initial plasma in which the matter to be analysed is in a plasma state, and maintains the plasma state by subjecting the initial plasma to electromagnetic waves over a predetermined period of time. Then, the photometric analysis device identifies the object to be analysed using information from the peak of the emission intensity of the initial plasma, said information being either information relating to the emission intensity from when the emission intensity increases due to the electromagnetic wave plasma maintained by the electromagnetic waves until the emission intensity reaches a substantially constant value, or emission intensity information after the exposure to electromagnetic waves is suspended.
G01N 21/63 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
G01N 21/67 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using electric arcs or discharges
An analysis device (10) is provided with a plasma generation device (11) and a photometric analysis device (13). The plasma generation device (11) energises matter in the air and generates initial plasma in a plasma state, and maintains the plasma state by subjecting the initial plasma to electromagnetic waves over a predetermined period of time. The photometric analysis device (13) analyses matter (15) to be analysed using the time integral of the emission intensity of light emitted from the matter (15) to be analysed within the electromagnetic wave plasma region maintained by the electromagnetic waves.
G01N 21/63 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
G01N 21/67 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using electric arcs or discharges
A plasma-generating apparatus (30) is provided with a radiofrequency wave-generating device (37) for generating radiofrequency waves and radiofrequency wave radiators (15) for radiating radiofrequency waves outputted from the radiofrequency wave-generating device (37) into a target space (10), and the supplying of radiofrequency wave energy from the radiofrequency wave radiators (15) into the target space (10) generates plasma. The radiofrequency wave-generating device (37) in the plasma-generating apparatus (30) is provided with an oscillator (41) for oscillating radiofrequency waves and amplifiers (42) for amplifying the radiofrequency waves oscillated by the oscillator (41) and outputting the same to the radiofrequency wave radiators (15). Of the oscillator (41) and amplifiers (42) in the radiofrequency wave-generating device (37), only the amplifiers (42) are integrated with the radiofrequency wave radiators (15).
Provided is a control device for an internal combustion engine, which can optimally control plasma ignition operation regardless of the type of fuel. A control device (30) for an internal combustion engine (20) controls a plasma ignition operation for causing volume ignition of an air-fuel mixture by plasma in a combustion chamber (10). In said control device, a fuel type detection unit (40) detects the type of fuel supplied to the combustion chamber (10). The state of the air-fuel mixture or the state of the plasma in the combustion chamber (10) is controlled according to the detected type of fuel.
Provided is an ignition control device (30) that can efficiently control the thermal ignition timing for a fuel-air mixture in a combustion region (10). A peak estimation unit (32), an ignition timing determination unit (33), a control timing determination unit (34) and a plasma control unit (35) control the thermal ignition timing for the fuel-air mixture in the combustion region (10) by controlling a pulse generator (36), an electromagnetic-wave generator (37), a mixer circuit (38) and a spark plug (15) so that the amount of hydroxyl radicals in the combustion region (10) is increased during a low-temperature oxidation preparation period that occurs before the heat generation peak that occurs before the thermal ignition of the fuel-air mixture.
F02B 11/00 - Engines characterised by both fuel-air mixture compression and air compression, or characterised by both positive ignition and compression ignition, e.g. in different cylinders
F02D 41/02 - Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
F02P 3/01 - Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
98.
COATING FORMING DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING COATING FORMING MATERIAL
A coating forming device (100) is equipped with a droplet supply device (110) and an active specie supply device (120). The droplet supply device (110) sprays or delivers droplets for forming a coating toward an object (116). The active specie supply device (120) supplies an active specie that is to be brought into contact with the droplets from the droplet supply device (110) toward the object (116). A coating is formed on the surface of the object (116) by the droplets that come into contact with the active specie.
B05B 5/06 - Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means using electric arc
B05C 9/10 - Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by groups , or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation the auxiliary operation being performed before the application
B05D 3/04 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
Disclosed is an internal combustion engine control device (30) which switches between a first operation and a second operation, the first operation being one wherein an air-fuel premix is compression-ignited in a combustion chamber (10), and the second operation being one wherein an air-fuel premix is forcibly ignited by a spark plug (15) in the combustion chamber (10). When switching between the first operation and the second operation, the control device (30) inserts a transitional operation between the first operation and the second operation for the purpose of reducing torque variations in an internal combustion chamber (20), this transitional operation being one wherein the spark plug (15) is made to emit electromagnetic waves without making the spark plug (15) perform an electric discharge, with the result that the temperature of the air-fuel premix is raised, and wherein subsequently, the air-fuel premix is compression-ignited.
F02B 11/00 - Engines characterised by both fuel-air mixture compression and air compression, or characterised by both positive ignition and compression ignition, e.g. in different cylinders
An internal combustion engine (100) is equipped with: a cylinder (102) which forms a combustion chamber (196) that burns a premixed air-fuel mixture; a piston (120) which forms the combustion chamber (196) together with the cylinder (102) and which reciprocates inside the cylinder (102); and an active species generator (150) which generates active species. In the internal combustion engine (100), the combustion of the air-fuel mix is promoted by the active species generated using the active species generator (150). An active species chamber (194), in which active species are generated by the active species generator (150), is formed on the piston (120) so as to have an opening on the top surface thereof.
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