[Consistent with the present disclosure an apparatus and related method are provided for controlling the leaf-receiver local oscillator laser and leaf-transmitter laser for cases where separate transmit and receive local oscillator lasers are included in a transceiver. As a result, full capacity in bidirectional transmission can be realized on a single fiber. The leaf local oscillator frequency is controlled using a feedback signal generated based on an output from the leaf-digital signal processor (DSP), and the leaf transmit laser is controlled using a feedback signal based on an output of the remote hub-DSP, which is carried from the hub to the leaf nodes by a general communication channel (GCC) as part of a data signal, or a separate subcarrier also referred to as an auxiliary channel or out-of-band channel. This ensures that the frequencies transmitted subcarriers from the leaf nodes do not collide or overlap with one another in frequency.
An example system includes a hub transceiver and a plurality of edge transceivers. The hub transceiver is operable to transmit, over a first communications channel, a first message to each of the edge transceivers concurrently, including an indication of available network resources on an optical communications network. Each of the edge transceiver is operable to transmit, transmit, over a second communications channel, a respective second message to the hub transceiver including an indication of a respective subset of the available network resources selected by the edge transceiver for use in communicating over the optical communications network. Further, the edge transceiver is operable to receive, from the hub transceiver, a third message acknowledging receipt of a selection and a fourth message confirming an assignment of the selected subset of the available network resources to the edge transceiver.
Consistent with the present disclosure, a transceiver is implemented as a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that includes a transmitter and a receiver. A laser is also provided that provides light to a splitter, which supplies a first portion of the light to the transmitter and a second power of the light to the receiver. Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are provided at one or more locations on the PIC. In one example, at least one SOA is provided in the transmitter so that the transmitted optical signal has a desired power, and at least another SOA is provided in the receiver so that the local oscillator signal has a desired power. In a further example, an SOA is provided in the receiver to boost the power of the received optical signal. Preferably, the transceiver, including the SOAs, is monolithically integrated on a substrate, such as a substrate including indium phosphide (InP). Moreover, the SOA can be readily controlled via a low voltage current source consuming minimal electrical power.
G02F 1/39 - Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
G02B 6/126 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind using polarisation effects
G02F 1/21 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
4.
PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT INCLUDING SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS
Consistent with the present disclosure, a transceiver is implemented as a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that includes a transmitter and a receiver. A laser is also provided that provides light to a splitter, which supplies a first portion of the light to the transmitter and a second power of the light to the receiver. Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are provided at one or more locations on the PIC. In one example, at least one SOA is provided in the transmitter so that the transmitted optical signal has a desired power, and at least another SOA is provided in the receiver so that the local oscillator signal has a desired power. In a further example, an SOA is provided in the receiver to boost the power of the received optical signal. Preferably, the transceiver, including the SOAs, is monolithically integrated on a substrate, such as a substrate including indium phosphide (InP). Moreover, the SOA can be readily controlled via a low voltage current source consuming minimal electrical power.
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
G02B 6/42 - Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
G02B 6/43 - Arrangements comprising a plurality of opto-electronic elements and associated optical interconnections
5.
PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT INCLUDING SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS
Consistent with the present disclosure, a transceiver is implemented as a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that includes a transmitter and a receiver. A laser is also provided that provides light to a splitter, which supplies a first portion of the light to the transmitter and a second power of the light to the receiver. Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are provided at one or more locations on the PIC. In one example, at least one SOA is provided in the transmitter so that the transmitted optical signal has a desired power, and at least another SOA is provided in the receiver so that the local oscillator signal has a desired power. In a further example, an SOA is provided in the receiver to boost the power of the received optical signal. Preferably, the transceiver, including the SOAs, is monolithically integrated on a substrate, such as a substrate including indium phosphide (InP). Moreover, the SOA can be readily controlled via a low voltage current source consuming minimal electrical power.
Consistent with the present disclosure, a transceiver is implemented as a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that includes a transmitter and a receiver. A laser is also provided that provides light to a splitter, which supplies a first portion of the light to the transmitter and a second power of the light to the receiver. Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are provided at one or more locations on the PIC. In one example, at least one SOA is provided in the transmitter so that the transmitted optical signal has a desired power, and at least another SOA is provided in the receiver so that the local oscillator signal has a desired power. In a further example, an SOA is provided in the receiver to boost the power of the received optical signal. Preferably, the transceiver, including the SOAs, is monolithically integrated on a substrate, such as a substrate including indium phosphide (InP). Moreover, the SOA can be readily controlled via a low voltage current source consuming minimal electrical power.
H04B 10/43 - Transceivers using a single component as both light source and receiver, e.g. using a photoemitter as a photoreceiver
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
H01S 5/026 - Monolithically integrated components, e.g. waveguides, monitoring photo-detectors or drivers
Consistent with the present disclosure, a transceiver is implemented as a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that includes a transmitter and a receiver. A laser is also provided that provides light to a splitter, which supplies a first portion of the light to the transmitter and a second power of the light to the receiver. Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are provided at one or more locations on the PIC. In one example, at least one SOA is provided in the transmitter so that the transmitted optical signal has a desired power, and at least another SOA is provided in the receiver so that the local oscillator signal has a desired power. In a further example, an SOA is provided in the receiver to boost the power of the received optical signal. Preferably, the transceiver, including the SOAs, is monolithically integrated on a substrate, such as a substrate including indium phosphide (InP). Moreover, the SOA can be readily controlled via a low voltage current source consuming minimal electrical power.
Consistent with an aspect of the present disclosure, a flexible electrical interconnect connects a transmit receive optical subassembly (TROSA) with an integrated circuit package via a transmission line provided on a surface of a substrate upon which the integrated circuit is provided. Alternatively, the transmission line is embedded in the substrate. Mechanisms are provided to mechanically balance temperature induced stresses within the substrate and keep the substrate substantially planar and thus minimize damage to the integrated circuit and/or the electrical connections thereto.
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for generating, transmitting, directing, receiving, and processing optical subcarriers. In some implementations, a system includes a Tier 1 switch that supplies a plurality of data channels; a transmitter that receives the plurality of data channels, the transmitter including an optical modulator that supplies a plurality of optical subcarriers based on the plurality of data channels; an optical platform that receives the plurality of optical subcarriers, the optical platform having a plurality of outputs, each of which supplying at least one of the plurality of subcarriers; a plurality of receivers, each receiving one or more of the plurality of optical subcarriers and supplying one or more of the plurality of data channels; and a plurality of servers, each of which receiving one or more of the plurality of data channels.
Assemblies and methods of use are described herein, including a telecommunication tray assembly, comprising a base structure, a faceplate assembly, and first and second ports. The base structure has front and rear ends and a length. The faceplate assembly is attached to the base structure and defines a first opening configured to receive a first type of optical module and a second opening configured to receive a second type of optical module. The first port is supported by the base structure, aligned with the first opening, and configured to receive the first type of optical module, and has a first leading edge offset from the front end by a first distance. The second port is supported by the base structure, aligned with the second opening, and configured to receive the second type of optical module and has a second leading edge offset from the front end by a second distance.
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for optimizing signal quality in an optical network having two or more hub nodes continuously outputting optical signals to a plurality of leaf nodes. Each of the plurality of leaf nodes may receive a combined optical signal from the hub nodes and determine an optical power and a signal quality of one optical subcarrier group and send a correction signal to the hub node that sent the subcarrier group. The hub nodes may send a power optimization request comprising the optical power and signal quality of each subcarrier group to a network controller. The network controller may use the optical power and signal quality to determine a power update for an optical power of the subcarrier group(s) and send the power update to the hub node transmitting the subcarrier group. The hub node may adjust the optical power based on the power update.
Methods and systems for determining a receive signal quality of a new subcarrier group in an optical network, including a system in which each leaf node may report a current transmission output power to a hub node when it is determined that a receive signal quality of each of a plurality of subcarrier groups is within a required signal quality margin. A new leaf node may begin transmitting a new subcarrier group at a gradually increasing transmission output power until it reaches the required receive signal quality margin. The new leaf node gradually increases the transmission output power of the new subcarrier group until the hub node determines that any of the plurality of subcarrier groups and the new subcarrier group reached a maximum transmission output power or the signal quality of one or more of the plurality of subcarrier groups and the new subcarrier group begins to degrade.
H04Q 11/00 - Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
13.
AUTONOMOUS TOPOLOGY REALIZATION FOR TILT CONTROL IN AN OPTICAL SEGMENT
Optical networks, network elements, and methods of use are described herein, including an optical network comprising head-end and tail-end network elements, an optical multiplex section (OMS) connecting the head-end and tail-end network elements, and one or more intermediate line amplifiers in the OMS between the head-end and tail-end network elements. The head-end network element may store first information indicative of a first tilt control section having the head-end and tail-end network elements as endpoints; determine information indicative of a change in topology of the OMS, such as that a first intermediate line amplifier has switched from a non-monitoring to a monitoring mode; and store second information indicative of a second tilt control section having the head-end network element and a new tail-end network element, such as the first intermediate line amplifier.
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for optimizing an optical signal in an optical network having a leaf node with a coherent optical transceiver configured to receive an optical signal continuously transmitted at a first output power from a hub node over a link. The leaf node may be provided with signal quality correction circuitry configured to determine a signal quality of the optical signal and send the signal quality to a processor of the hub node. The processor of the hub node may be configured to compare the signal quality of the optical signal to a target signal quality margin, determine that the signal quality is outside the target signal quality margin, adjust the first output power of the optical signal to a second output power different than the first output power, and continuously transmit the optical signal at the second output power.
A disclosed optical system comprises a repeater disposed between a first span and a second span of an optical cable and a node receiving an optical signal from the first span and transmitting a reflection to the first span. The node comprises a transmitter coupled to the first span to transmit the optical signal, transmit pulses having a test subcarrier and a tone, and provide a reference pulse; a receiver to receive the reference pulse and the reflection and passing a filter spectrum; and a DSP to: determine a first dispersion based on a first phase of the reference pulse and on a second phase of the reflection of a first pulse; determine a second dispersion based on a third phase of the reference pulse and a fourth phase of the reflection for a second pulse; and determine a first span seismic pressure based on the first and second dispersion.
Assemblies and methods of construction are disclosed herein, including an assembly for ejecting a line module from an equipment bay of a chassis, comprising: an ejector block movable between neutral and ejecting positions and configured to apply a force to the chassis when the ejector block is moved into the ejecting position, thereby moving the line module away from the chassis; guide pins configured to guide movement of the ejector block between the neutral and ejecting positions; a mounting bracket attached to the front panel and extending away from the front panel and having a bracket opening; an ejector lever having a handle end, a pivot portion, and a load end, the pivot portion having a pivot opening; and a fastener positioned through the bracket opening and the pivot opening such that the ejector lever is pivotable about the fastener between a closed position and an open position.
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for optimizing an optical signal in an optical network having a hub node configured to receive an optical signal comprising a plurality of subcarrier groups each having a signal quality and a transmission output power, including a method that may comprise: determining, a first subcarrier group of the plurality of subcarrier groups with a lowest signal quality lower than a required signal quality margin; determining, a second subcarrier group of the plurality of subcarrier groups that has a highest transmission output power margin, Determining, that the transmission output power margin of the second subcarrier group is above a level needed to increase the lowest signal quality by a required signal quality increase; and sending signals to a first leaf node and a second leaf node causing the first leaf node to swap transmission positions of the first subcarrier group and the second subcarrier group.
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for routing traffic. One exemplary system includes a muxponder module deployed in an optical network, the muxponder having an optical receiver, a first and second electrical port, a demultiplexer having a built-in digital cross-connect, and a processor accessing a first calculated carrier frequency to assign traffic streams associated with a first service identification code to a first and second host lane of the first electrical port, and a second calculated carrier frequency to assign traffic streams associated with a second service identification code to a third and fourth host lane of the second electrical port, and having logic to control the digital cross-connect to route a first and a second traffic stream to the first electrical port based on the first service identification code, and a third and a fourth traffic stream to the second electrical port based on the second service identification code.
H04J 3/16 - Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
H04Q 11/00 - Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
20.
API BASED INTER-NODE CONTROL PLANE COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE
Disclosed herein is an optical node comprising an FRU and a controller. The FRU comprises a module processor and a module memory storing a control plane application (CPA) executable by the module processor. The controller comprises an interface, a controller processor, and a controller memory storing instructions and an application that cause the controller processor to: instantiate a first network having a first client and a first server; register a plugin associated with the CPA with the first network; register an interface having a callback function and operable to communicate with the CPA via a second network; receive, by the interface via the second network, a request having a request property from the CPA; transmit the request, via the plugin, to the first client; receive a response via the first client from a remote node; and transmit, by the interface, the response to the module processor via the second network.
Optical networks and nodes are described herein, including an optical network comprising a head-end node and a tail-end node. A line module of the head-end node receives fault information, generates a fault packet, and sends the fault packet to a first node controller identified by first packet forwarding information included in a packet header of the fault packet. The first node controller retrieves second packet forwarding information using the first packet forwarding information, updates the packet header, and sends the fault packet to the tail-end node identified by the second packet forwarding information. A second node controller of the tail-end node retrieves third packet forwarding information using the second packet forwarding information, updates the packet header, and sends the fault packet to an optical protection switching module (OPSM) of the tail-end node identified by the second packet forwarding information. The OPSM switches an optical switch based on the fault information.
G06F 15/16 - Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
H04L 45/00 - Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
H04L 45/28 - Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery
H04Q 11/00 - Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
22.
FAST AND RELIABLE INTER-NETWORK ELEMENT OPTICAL PROTECTION SWITCHING
Disclosed herein are optical networks and nodes, including a head-end node comprising a controller and a line module. The line module comprises a first processor and first memory storing instructions that when executed by the first processor cause the first processor to receive fault information, generate a fault packet and a fault trigger request that include a sequence number, a sequence reset time, and the fault information, and send the fault packet via a first network path and the fault trigger request via a second network path to the controller. The controller comprises a second processor, second memory storing second instructions, and packet forwarding circuitry configured to receive and automatically forward the fault packet to a tail-end optical node. The second instructions cause the second processor to receive the fault trigger request, process the fault trigger request, and send the fault trigger request to the tail end optical node.
Disclosed herein are coherent transceivers and methods of using the same. One exemplary coherent transceiver may be provided with a coherent transmitter operable to transmit a first optical signal and a coherent receiver comprising a processor executing processor-executable code that when executed causes the processor to receive a second optical signal, the second optical signal being a reflection of the first optical signal, analyze the second optical signal to determine a first parameter indicative of a chromatic dispersion of the second optical signal, and determine a second parameter based on the first parameter. The second parameter may be indicative of a distance travelled by the first optical signal and the second optical signal through one or more fiber optic link having a known first location.
A method is described in which a coherent transmitter transmits a first optical signal having customer data through a fiber optic link. A control signal is provided to the coherent transmitter to cause the coherent transmitter to transmit a second optical signal devoid of customer data. A reflection of the second optical signal is detected via the coherent receiver. Then, a chromatic dispersion of the reflection of the second optical signal is determined and correlated with known parameters indicative of an amount of chromatic dispersion per unit length of the fiber optic link to determine a distance travelled by the second optical signal.
Modules for hub network elements and methods are described, including a method comprising (a) generating a partial key indicative of a unique public key associated with a hub network element in a transport network, (b) sending a partial-key message comprising the partial key and an ordered sequence to a particular network element of the ordered sequence, (c) receiving, from the particular network element to which the partial-key message was sent, the partial-key message having been modified by a unique private key associated with the particular network element, (d) repeating steps (b) and (c) for each successive network element in the ordered sequence except for a source network element and a destination network element designated by the ordered sequence, and (e) sending the partial-key message to the destination network element. The transport network comprises a plurality of network elements including the hub network element and a plurality of leaf network elements.
Consistent with the present disclosure, an encoder circuit is provided at a transmit side of an optical fiber link that maps an input sequence of bits of fixed length k to a sequence of symbols of a codeword of length n, such that the symbols of the codeword define a predetermined transmission probability distribution. In one example, each subgroup of bits of the k input bit sequence is provided to a respective look-up table, whereby the sub-group of bits constitutes an address of a particular memory location in the corresponding look-up table. Based on the address, the contents at the particular memory location addressed by each subgroup of bits are output as a corresponding portion of a codeword. Each such codeword portion is provided to a further memory or buffer, such that the entire codeword is assembled in the buffer and output to forward error correction (FEC) circuitry. In a further example, the contents of each memory location of each look-up table is determined based on a sphere constellation shaping.
Optical network systems and components are disclosed, including a transmitter comprising a digital signal processor that receives data; circuitry that generate a plurality of electrical signals based on the data; a plurality of filters, each of which receiving a corresponding one of the plurality of electrical signals, a plurality of roll-off factors being associated with a respective one of the plurality of filters; a plurality of DACs that receive outputs from the digital signal processor, the outputs being indicative of outputs from the plurality of filters; a laser that supplies light; and a modulator that receives the light and outputs from the DACs, and supplies a plurality of optical subcarriers based on the outputs, such that one of the optical subcarriers has a frequency bandwidth that is wider than remaining ones of the optical subcarriers, said one of the optical subcarriers carrying information for clock recovery.
A system, a line module in a terminal node of an optical network, and/or a method are described in which a first embedded device of a first line module transmits a first fault signal to a first real time processor of the first line module. In response, the first real time processor triggers the first embedded device to deactivate a first laser of a first coherent optical transceiver of the first line module and transmits a second fault signal to a second real time processor of a second line module. In response, the second real time processor triggers a second embedded device of the second line module to activate a second laser of a second coherent optical transceiver of the second line module. The first laser and the second laser may be operable to supply a first optical signal and a second optical signal, respectively.
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for dynamically configuring a muxponder. One exemplary system may be provided with a muxponder module deployed in an optical network, the muxponder having an optical receiver, a first and a second electrical port, a demultiplexer having a built-in digital cross-connect, and a processor accessing a mapping table to assign traffic streams associated with a first service identification code to a first and a second host lane of the first electrical port, traffic streams associated with a second service identification code to a third and a fourth host lane of the second electrical port, and having logic to control the digital cross-connect to route a first and a second traffic stream to the first electrical port based on the first service identification code, and a third and a fourth traffic stream to the second electrical port based on the second service identification code.
H04J 3/16 - Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
H04Q 11/00 - Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
31.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MODELLING OF PASSIVE CONNECTORS AND A ONE-TOUCH ROADM OPTICAL NETWORK
A node comprises an FSP, a first FRU, a second FRU, and a controller. The FSP has a first connector having first port pairs and a second connector having second port pairs, a second port pair is optically coupled to at least one first port pair. The first FRU has third port pairs and a third connector coupled to the first connector. The second FRU has fourth port pairs and a fourth connector coupled to the second connector. The controller comprises a processor and a memory storing an FSP map and instructions, including: receive a first association between a third port pair and one of the first connector and the second connector; validate the first association; generate an FRU map based on the first association and the FSP map; update a mode type for each second association; receive a service activation request; and cause an FRU to activate the service.
A network element is disclosed herein. The network element comprises an add transceiver to generate a first optical signal having one or more optical channel; a line port optically coupled to an optical fiber link; an optical signal inspector operable to sample an optical power of one or more spectral slice of the one or more optical channel; a WSS operable to attenuate the one or more spectral slice of the first optical signal; a processor; and a memory storing instructions that cause the processor to: determine a sample power profile based on the optical power of the one or more spectral slices; generate an attenuation profile based on the sample power profile and a target power profile; and apply the attenuation profile to cause the WSS to shape the one or more spectral slices of the first optical signal into the second optical signal.
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for configuring a spectral loading pattern for a transmission line segment in an optical network, the method comprising obtaining at least one loading policy, activating at least one of the at least one loading policy, receiving a plurality of requested operations, obtaining one or more static datapoint and one or more dynamic datapoint associated with the transmission line segment, obtaining loading parameters and one or more loading algorithm from the at least one activated loading policy, generating a loading response according to the one or more loading algorithm, and changing a spectral loading pattern of the transmission line segment based on the loading response. The requested operations may identify operations to be executed in either of a current cycle or one or more subsequent cycle. The loading response may identify a subset of the operations to be executed in the current cycle.
H04B 10/2537 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to scattering processes, e.g. Raman or Brillouin scattering
34.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CORRECTING DOWNSTREAM POWER EXCURSIONS DURING UPSTREAM LOADING OPERATIONS IN OPTICAL NETWORKS
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for correcting power excursions. One exemplary network element may be provided with a processor; a first line port; a flexible ROADM module including a wavelength selective switch, a multiplexer, and one or more control block; a second line port; and a memory storing an orchestrator application and processor-executable instructions. Responsive to receiving a first signal indicative of an impending network state change, the processor-executable instructions cause the processor to pause all power adjustments by the control block on the flexible ROADM module and save at least one power set point value for each active passband from a first optical signal multiplexed into a second optical signal; and responsive to receiving a second signal indicative of the network state change, adjust an optical power of each active passband from the first optical signal multiplexed into the second optical signal using the power set point values.
An optical network and a method of use are herein disclosed. The method comprises: receiving, by a DEMUX module of a local ROADM, a request from an upstream ROADM, the upstream ROADM being upstream from the local ROADM on a fiber optic line, the local ROADM comprising the DEMUX module and first and second MUX modules, the request including first instructions to perform an operation on the local ROADM; sending, by the DEMUX module, a distributed request to the first and second MUX modules, the distributed request including second instructions to perform the operation on the first and second MUX modules; attempting, by the first and second MUX modules, to perform the operation; and sending a consolidated response to the upstream ROADM indicative of one of a success and a failure of performing the operation on the first and second MUX modules.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
Systems and methods for improving the error floor performance in decoding generalized product codes (GPC) are described. The systems and methods can implement a two stage process to decode a GPC block code and break a stall error pattern for the decoding the block code. In the first stage, erroneuous bits in a codeword can be flagged. In the second stage, some of these bits and related bits in a codeword can be toggled to generate one or more test patterns. The test patterns can be decoded and one of them can be selected using a particular selection criteria to ultimately break the stall error pattern and improve the error floor performance.
H03M 13/29 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correctionCoding theory basic assumptionsCoding boundsError probability evaluation methodsChannel modelsSimulation or testing of codes combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
H03M 13/25 - Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM]
H03M 13/37 - Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups
H03M 13/45 - Soft decoding, i.e. using symbol reliability information
37.
LOW PASS FILTER FOR TROSA HIGH FREQUENCY RESPONSE SUPPRESSION
Consistent with the present disclosure, low pass filters are provided in the electrical paths connecting digital to analog converter (DAC) circuitry to an optical block package (also referred to as a “gold box”). The low pass filter blocks or substantially attenuates high frequency noise components present in an analog signal output from the DAC, thereby reducing errors that might otherwise be present in the transmitted data.
A multiplexer module and method are herein disclosed. The multiplexer module comprises a WSS configured to receive a plurality of first optical signals, selectively multiplex the first optical signals into a second optical signal, and output the second optical signal; an OPM operable to determine a power of one or more slice within a sample optical signal, the sample optical signal being selected from a group consisting of a particular optical signal of the first optical signals and a portion of the second optical signal including the particular optical signal; a processor; and a memory storing instructions that cause the processor to: validate the particular optical signal using the power of one or more slice within the sample optical signal; and if the particular optical signal is valid, cause the WSS to open a particular passband so as to multiplex the particular optical signal into the second optical signal.
Networks and network elements having a service and power control orchestrator are disclosed, including a network element comprising a processor; a first port coupled to a first optical link carrying a first optical signal; a WSS having a multiplexer, a demultiplexer, and a control block operable to control the multiplexer/demultiplexer. The WSS operable to switch the first optical signal into a second optical signal. A second port is coupled to a second optical link, operable to carry the second optical signal, and in optical communication with the WSS. A memory stores an orchestrator application, an OTSA component, a service component, and instructions that cause the processor to: store a logical ROADM model having a connectivity matrix of the network element; receive a communication associated with the control block based on the logical ROADM model; and transmit, to the control block, a service loading sequence based on the logical ROADM model.
A system and method are described herein. The system comprises a wavelength selective switch having a minimum passband width; a processor; and a memory storing a datastore and processor-executable instructions that when executed cause the processor to: receive a connection request comprising an optical channel; determine an affinity group ID of an affinity group associated with the requested optical channel, the affinity group being associated with two or more adjacent optical channels having a combined channel width equal to or greater than the minimum passband width; create a loading group based on the two or more adjacent optical channels associated with the affinity group; receive a loading request to load the optical channel associated with the affinity group; and in response to receiving the loading request, load the two or more adjacent optical channels associated with the affinity group.
An optical network is herein described. The optical network comprises a fiber optic line, a first network element, and a second network element. The first network element comprises a first optical interface, a first processor, and a first memory storing first processor-executable instructions that cause the first processor to: activate one or more passband on the first optical interface, thereby enabling the first optical interface to transport one or more optical carrier on the one or more passband; and transmit an activation request indicative of a request to activate the one or more passband on a plurality of optical interfaces of a plurality of network elements. The second network element comprises a second optical interface, a second processor, and a second memory storing second processor-executable instructions that cause the second processor to: receive the activation request; and activate the one or more passband on the second optical interface.
Disclosed herein are methods and systems involving an event scheduler sub-system configured for aggregation, prioritization, and serialization of software application events, including a method comprising receiving event and associated event data; determining event type and event object key; storing the event data in an event handler data table; generating a priority group number and an insertion order number associated with the event; generating a new queue element comprising the priority group number, the insertion order number, a reference to the event handler, the object key, and the event type; inserting the new queue element to an event scheduler priority queue; sending a signal from the event handler to the event scheduler indicating availability of the new queue element to process; retrieving the event data associated with a queue element with a highest priority in the priority queue; and passing the event data to an admin application for processing.
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for generating and/or obtaining at least one loading policy for a transmission line segment that is currently operating, the at least one loading policy comprising a combination of loading parameters for one or more types of loading management operations associated with the transmission line segment. At least one of the loading policies may be activated on a network element of the transmission line segment. Upon receiving a loading request to change a spectral loading pattern of the transmission line segment, current loading data of the transmission line segment and loading parameters from the activated loading policy may be obtained and used to generate a loading response. A signal containing the loading response may be sent to the network element, the signal configured to cause the network element to change the spectral loading pattern of the transmission line segment based on the loading response.
An optical network and a method of use are herein disclosed. The optical network comprises a fiber optic line, two or more ROADMs, and an orchestrator comprising a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to: receive an operation to execute, the operation being a loading of a first optical service on the fiber optic line by a local ROADM; determine a status of a downstream ROADM as being available; reserve the downstream ROADM for the loading of the first optical service by preventing the downstream ROADM from loading a second optical service on the fiber optic line and disabling one or more control block of the downstream ROADM, thereby preventing the one or more control block from adjusting a configuration of the downstream ROADM; and load the first optical service on the fiber optic line.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
Disclosed herein are systems and methods for neighbor discovery for any network transport layer; including a network element comprising: a processor, an interface connected to a network having a control channel, and instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the network element to: generate a discover message comprising a message identification, a discovered node ID, and a discovered interface ID; send a first signal comprising the discover message over the control channel to a second network element; and receive a second signal comprising an acknowledgment message from the second network element over the control channel, the acknowledgment message being one of a positive acknowledgment message and a negative acknowledgment message; and wherein receipt of the positive acknowledgment message indicates that contents of the discover message were matched by the second network element, and receipt of the negative acknowledgment indicates that there was at least one mismatch in the contents.
A printed circuit board including a set of five layers encompassing a breakout area is described. The set includes a first ground layer, a first signal layer having a first conductive layer within the breakout area, a second ground layer having conductive material, a second signal layer having a second conductive layer within the breakout area, and a third ground layer. The second ground layer having a void forming a differential pair being two parallel traces, and being separated into a first portion positioned within the breakout area and a second portion outside of the breakout area. The differential pair having a first width and a first spacing within the breakout area and a second width and second spacing outside of the breakout area, with the second width greater than the first width. The first and second conductive layers forming a first ground plane and a second ground plane.
A method includes receiving client data; extracting overhead data from the client data; mapping the client data into one or more frames, where each of the one or more frames has a frame payload section and a frame overhead section, where the client data is mapped into the one or more frames; inserting the overhead data into the frame overhead section of the one or more frames; transporting the one or more frames across a network by generating a plurality of optical subcarriers carrying the one or more frames; extracting the overhead data from the frame overhead section of the one or more frames; recovering the client data from the one or more frames; inserting the extracted overhead data into the recovered client data to create modified client data; and outputting the modified client data.
Optical network systems are disclosed, including systems having transmitters with a digital signal processor comprising forward error correction circuitry that provides encoded first electrical signals based on input data; and power adjusting circuitry that receives second electrical signals indicative of the first electrical signals, the power adjusting circuitry supplying third electrical signals, wherein each of the third electrical signals is indicative of an optical power level of a corresponding to one of a plurality of optical subcarriers output from an optical transmitter.
H04B 7/26 - Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
H04B 10/2575 - Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
A network element is described herein. The network element comprises an embedded device having a processor; a communication device; a first memory having a first firmware; and a second memory having a boot data, a first system partition, a second system partition, a download partition, and a data partition, the second memory storing a software application having software components and a processing sequence comprising first computer-executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to: store an update package in the download partition, the update package comprising second computer-executable instructions and a firmware package having a firmware update; install the update package to the second system partition; update the first firmware with the firmware update; reload the first firmware; mark the second system partition as an active partition; and reboot into the active partition.
G06F 21/57 - Certifying or maintaining trusted computer platforms, e.g. secure boots or power-downs, version controls, system software checks, secure updates or assessing vulnerabilities
G06F 8/654 - Updates using techniques specially adapted for alterable solid state memories, e.g. for EEPROM or flash memories
An optical network component, system, and method are herein described. The system and method include introducing an amplitude modulated (AM) tone and data to an optical modulator generating a modulated optical signal, measuring an amplitude response of the AM tone within the modulated optical signal, calculating a frequency response based on the amplitude response, and calibrating the optical modulator with the frequency response.
Consistent with the present disclosure, a DDR photodiode is provided on a substrate adjacent to a passive waveguide. In order to efficiently capture light output from the waveguide, the photodiode is coupled to the waveguide with a butt-joint. As a result, the photodiode and the waveguide abut one another such that the dominant mode of light propagating in the waveguide parallel to the substrate is supplied directly to a side of the absorber layer of the photodiode without, in one example, evanescent coupling, nor is a resonant coupler required to supply light to the photodiode. Thus, light is absorbed more efficiently in the photodiode such that the photodiode may have a shorter length. In addition, since substantially all light is input to the photodiode, nearly complete absorption and nearly ideal quantum efficiency can be achieved in a relatively short length. Further, the improved linearity associated with DDR photodiodes is preserved with the exemplary butt joint configurations disclosed herein.
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
Consistent with the present disclosure, a DDR photodiode is provided on a substrate adjacent to a passive waveguide. In order to efficiently capture light output from the waveguide, the photodiode is coupled to the waveguide with a butt-joint. As a result, the photodiode and the waveguide abut one another such that the dominant mode of light propagating in the waveguide parallel to the substrate is supplied directly to a side of the absorber layer of the photodiode without, in one example, evanescent coupling, nor is a resonant coupler required to supply light to the photodiode. Thus, light is absorbed more efficiently in the photodiode such that the photodiode may have a shorter length. In addition, since substantially all light is input to the photodiode, nearly complete absorption and nearly ideal quantum efficiency can be achieved in a relatively short length. Further, the improved linearity associated with DDR photodiodes is preserved with the exemplary butt joint configurations disclosed herein.
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
Consistent with the present disclosure, a DDR photodiode is provided on a substrate adjacent to a passive waveguide. In order to efficiently capture light output from the waveguide, the photodiode is coupled to the waveguide with a butt-joint. As a result, the photodiode and the waveguide abut one another such that the dominant mode of light propagating in the waveguide parallel to the substrate is supplied directly to a side of the absorber layer of the photodiode without, in one example, evanescent coupling, nor is a resonant coupler required to supply light to the photodiode. Thus, light is absorbed more efficiently in the photodiode such that the photodiode may have a shorter length. In addition, since substantially all light is input to the photodiode, nearly complete absorption and nearly ideal quantum efficiency can be achieved in a relatively short length. Further, the improved linearity associated with DDR photodiodes is preserved with the exemplary butt joint configurations disclosed herein.
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
54.
Probabilistic Constellation Shaping for Point-To-Multipoint Optical Fiber Communication Systems Employing Subcarriers
Consistent with the present disclosure, a transmitter is provided in a hub node of a point-to-multi-point optical communication system. The transmitter supplies a plurality or group of optical subcarriers, each subgroup of the group of optical subcarriers in, one example, is associated with a respective leaf node. Since the leaf nodes may be located at different distances from the hub node, the modulation of each optical subcarrier subgroup is optimized for the distance and impairments associated with the optical path over which the subcarrier subgroup is transmitted to its designated leaf. Namely, probabilistic shaping is employed, in one example, to adjust the modulation so that a maximum spectral efficiency is supported for a given SNR associated with the hub-leaf link.
Consistent with the present disclosure, a DDR photodiode is provided on a substrate adjacent to a passive waveguide. In order to efficiently capture light output from the waveguide, the photodiode is coupled to the waveguide with a butt-joint. As a result, the photodiode and the waveguide abut one another such that the dominant mode of light propagating in the waveguide parallel to the substrate is supplied directly to a side of the absorber layer of the photodiode without, in one example, evanescent coupling, nor is a resonant coupler required to supply light to the photodiode. Thus, light is absorbed more efficiently in the photodiode such that the photodiode may have a shorter length. In addition, since substantially all light is input to the photodiode, nearly complete absorption and nearly ideal quantum efficiency can be achieved in a relatively short length. Further, the improved linearity associated with DDR photodiodes is preserved with the exemplary butt joint configurations disclosed herein.
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
56.
Clock recovery for digital subcarriers for optical networks
Optical network systems and components are disclosed, including a transmitter comprising a digital signal processor that receives data; circuitry that generate a plurality of electrical signals based on the data; a plurality of filters, each of which receiving a corresponding one of the plurality of electrical signals, a plurality of roll-off factors being associated with a respective one of the plurality of filters; a plurality of DACs that receive outputs from the digital signal processor, the outputs being indicative of outputs from the plurality of filters; a laser that supplies light; and a modulator that receives the light and outputs from the DACs, and supplies a plurality of optical subcarriers based on the outputs, such that one of the optical subcarriers has a frequency bandwidth that is wider than remaining ones of the optical subcarriers, said one of the optical subcarriers carrying information for clock recovery.
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for performing asymmetric pulse-shaping filtering. In some implementations, a receiver comprises a detector circuit operable to receive optical signal data from an optical link. The receiver comprises a filter circuit, coupled to the detector circuit, operable to (i) filter the optical signal data according to an asymmetric filtering scheme and (ii) output the filtered optical signal data, wherein the asymmetric filtering scheme comprises utilizing a shaping filter with first criteria, the first criteria including one or more values greater than one or more values of second criteria utilized by a shaping filter at a transmitter, the transmitter communicating with the receiver.
Disclosed herein are methods and systems configuring a raman amplifier. One exemplary system may be provided with an optical amplifier deployed in an optical network, the optical amplifier having a plurality of raman pumps configured to obtain a desired gain profile. An actual gain profile and a raman pump configuration of each of the plurality of raman pumps may be processed by a network administration device using a first machine learning model to produce a combined optical transmission segment attribute representing attributes of an optical segment of the optical network. The combined optical transmission segment attribute and the desired gain profile may be processed with a second machine learning model to produce corrected raman pump configurations for each of the plurality of raman pumps of the raman amplifier. The corrected raman pump configurations may be used to configure each of the plurality of raman pumps of the raman amplifier.
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
G06N 3/04 - Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
59.
Frequency division multiple access optical subcarriers
A network or system in which a hub or primary node may communicate with a plurality of leaf or secondary nodes. The hub node may operate or have a capacity greater than that of the leaf nodes. Accordingly, relatively inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed to receive data carrying optical signals from, and supply data carrying optical signals to, the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, whereby each connection may include one or more spans or segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, optical splitters/combiners, and optical add/drop multiplexer, for example. Optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections, each carrying a data stream. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator, such that multiple lasers and modulators are not required, and costs may be reduced. As the bandwidth or capacity requirements of the leaf nodes change, the number of subcarriers, and thus the amount of data provided to each node, may be changed accordingly. Each subcarrier within a dedicated group of subcarriers may carry OAM or control channel information to a corresponding leaf node, and such information may be used by the leaf node to configure the leaf node to have a desired bandwidth or capacity.
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for computing a launch power for an optical node by collecting data for an optical network segment and inputting the collected data and first power spectral density values into a machine learning model which are used to compute a first non-linear interference value. A first generalized-optical signal-to-noise ratio value is computed using the computed first non-linear interference value and amplified spontaneous emission values. At least one second generalized-optical signal-to-noise ratio value is computed using at least one second non-linear interference value, computed using at least one second power spectral density values, and the amplified spontaneous emission values. A highest generalized-optical signal-to-noise ratio value is determined by comparing the first generalized-optical signal-to-noise ratio value and the at least one second generalized-optical signal-to-noise ratio value. A launch power is computed using the power spectral density values associated with the highest generalized-optical signal-to-noise ratio.
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
G06N 3/082 - Learning methods modifying the architecture, e.g. adding, deleting or silencing nodes or connections
61.
AUTOMATIC CONFIGURATION OF PUMP ATTRIBUTES OF A RAMAN AMPLIFIER TO ACHIEVE A DESIRED GAIN PROFILE
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for configuring a raman amplifier. One exemplary system may be provided with a raman amplifier having a plurality of raman pumps and a controller, and a network administration device. The network administration device generates and deploys a first machine learning model and a second machine learning model to the controller of the raman amplifier. A desired gain profile may be automatically assessed using the first machine learning model to determine raman pump configurations for each of the plurality of raman pumps of the raman amplifier. The raman pump configurations for each of the plurality of raman pumps of the raman amplifier may be processed with the second machine learning model to produce an output gain profile. The determined raman pump configurations are deployed only if the output gain profile and the desired gain profile match to within a margin of error.
G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
H01S 3/091 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for applying non-linearity to digital subcarriers. A receiver includes a detector circuit operable to receive a first optical signal over an optical link, the first optical signal carrying first data. The receiver includes a carrier recovery estimation circuit operable to generate compensated data by correcting errors in the first data. The receiver includes a non-linear coefficient estimation circuit operable to (i) receive the compensated data, and (ii) estimate one or more non-linear coefficients, wherein information indicative of the estimated non-linear coefficients is transmitted over an optical network, such that a second optical signal is transmitted based, at least in part, on the estimated non-linear coefficients, the second optical signal being received by the receiver.
Implementations for remotely managing an optical transceiver connected to a network device and optical network is described. A user can use a network device controller and optical transceiver controller in a remote server to communicate with the service agent in the network device and the optical transceiver to configure communications with the optical network through the optical transceiver. The service agent and its controller in the server can perform virtualized transport functions and the network device controller and the network device can, in some instances, implement layer 2/3 demarc.
A hub node may or have a capacity greater than that of associated leaf nodes. Accordingly, inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed to receive data carrying optical signals from, and supply data carrying optical signals to, the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, each connection including one or more segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, optical splitters/combiners, and optical add/drop multiplexer. Optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections, each carrying a data stream. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator. As the capacity requirements of the leaf nodes change, the number of subcarriers associated with, and thus the amount of data provided to, each node, may be changed accordingly.
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
An example system includes a hub transceiver and a plurality of edge transceivers. The hub transceiver is operable to transmit, over a first communications channel, a first message to each of the edge transceivers concurrently, including an indication of available network resources on an optical communications network. Each of the edge transceiver is operable to transmit, transmit, over a second communications channel, a respective second message to the hub transceiver including an indication of a respective subset of the available network resources selected by the edge transceiver for use in communicating over the optical communications network. Further, the edge transceiver is operable to receive, from the hub transceiver, a third message acknowledging receipt of a selection and a fourth message confirming an assignment of the selected subset of the available network resources to the edge transceiver.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
A transmitter can include a laser operable to output an optical signal; a digital signal processor operable to receive user data and provide electrical signals based on the data; and a modulator operable to modulate the optical signal to provide optical subcarriers based on the electrical signals. A first one of the subcarriers carriers carries first TDMA encoded information and second TDMA encoded information, such that the first TDMA encoded information is indicative of a first portion of the data and is carried by the first one of the subcarriers during a first time slot, and the second TDMA encoded information is indicative of a second portion of the data and is carried by the first one of the subcarriers during a second time slot. The first TDMA encoded information is associated with a first node remote from the transmitter and the second TDMA encoded information is associated with a second node remote from the transmitter. A second one of the subcarriers carries third information that is not TDMA encoded, the third information being associated with a third node remote from the transmitter. A receiver and system also are described.
H04B 7/26 - Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
H04B 10/2575 - Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
Circuitry is disclosed herein that dynamically (temperature-invariant and voltage-invariant) adjusts the Ron of switches in a resistive Nyquist-rate digital to analog converter (DAC) to thereby reduce DAC nonlinearity errors and improve INL results of greater than 16b. Consistent with the present disclosure, the DAC includes an R-2R ladder in which each bit corresponds to a switch. A control circuit is provided for generating signals applied to the gate of the switch to cause the on-resistances of the switch to be a particular value, such that the on-resistance of the switch plus the sum of two resistors, one having the resistance R, and the other having a resistance R′ is equivalent to the resistance of the 2R-size resistors or twice the resistance of the R-sized resistors in the ladder.
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for automatically configuring a raman amplifier. One exemplary system may be provided with the raman amplifier, a user device, and a network administration device. A processor of the network administration device executes instructions that cause the network administration device to generate a machine learning model using machine learning techniques and deploy the machine learning model to a controller of the raman amplifier. When a desired gain profile is communicated from the user device to the controller of the raman amplifier, instructions stored in non-transitory computer readable memory cause a processor of the controller to automatically assess the desired gain profile using the machine learning model to determine raman pump configurations for each of a plurality of raman pumps of the raman amplifier and send the determined raman pump configurations to each of the plurality of raman pumps of the raman amplifier.
H01S 3/091 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
69.
PATTERNS TO LEVERAGE GRPC IN SMALL FOOTPRINT EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Disclosed herein are network elements for use in a transport network. The network elements may comprise an embedded device comprising a processor, a communication device, and a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a common client interface comprising processor-executable code that when executed causes the processor to, responsive to receiving a request from a particular one of a plurality of client applications: allocate one or more system resource for the particular one of the plurality of client applications, the one or more system resource based at least in part on a request type of the request; establish, with the communication device, a connection with a remote network element in the transport network; and transmit the request to the remote network element; and responsive to receiving a response from the remote network element, transmit the response to the particular one of the plurality of client applications.
A network element is herein disclosed. The network element comprises an embedded device having one or more property affecting a function of the embedded device; a computing system having a processor and a memory, the memory being a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a performance monitoring domain agent, a performance monitoring collector daemon, and a performance monitoring logger. The performance monitoring collector daemon is processor-executable code that when executed by the processor causes the processor to communicate with the embedded device and collect one or more performance information of the embedded device based on the one or more property. The performance monitoring domain agent is processor-executable code that when executed by the processor causes the processor to: retrieve the performance information from the performance monitoring collector daemon; format the performance information into a formatted data based on a metrics metadata file; and transmit the formatted data to the performance monitoring logger.
H04L 43/045 - Processing captured monitoring data, e.g. for logfile generation for graphical visualisation of monitoring data
H04L 43/0817 - Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking functioning
A network element is herein disclosed. The network element comprises a controller card and a pluggable card. The controller card comprises a first processor; a first memory, the first memory being a first non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions comprising a common software stack and a first microservice stack; and a first device; wherein the first microservice stack includes a first microservice operable to manage the first device. The pluggable card comprises a second processor; a second memory, the second memory being a second non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions comprising the common software stack and a second microservice stack; and a second device; wherein the second microservice stack includes a second microservice operable to manage the second device.
Disclosed herein are network elements for use in a transport network. The network elements may comprise an embedded device and a computing device comprising a processor and a memory storing a container runtime that when executed causes the processor to initialize a runtime base layer, initialize a plurality of containers, and provide, to each of the containers, access to at least one common resource. The runtime base layer may comprise an operating system and one or more common resource. The embedded device may have one or more property affecting a function of the embedded device and one or more status. The operating system may lack a software distribution. The common resources may be based on a common requirement of at least two of the applications. Each of the containers may comprise a particular one of the applications and one or more unique resource based on a unique requirement of the particular one of the applications.
Disclosed herein are network elements for use in a transport network and methods of using the same. The network elements may comprise an embedded device having a processor, a communication device in communication with the processor, a first memory, a second memory, and a third memory. The third memory may store a hybrid boot sequence comprising computer-executable instructions that when executed by the processor of the embedded device cause the embedded device to: determine whether a first kernel image is stored on the first memory; responsive to the determination that the first kernel image is not stored on the first memory, obtain a second kernel image stored on a remote network element; store at least one of the first kernel image and the second kernel image on the second memory as a primary kernel image; and boot the primary kernel image stored on the second memory.
A network element is herein disclosed. The network element comprises an embedded device having one or more property affecting a function of the embedded device and one or more status; a first computing system having a first processor and a first memory, the first memory being a first non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a device microservice and a hardware entity microservice, the hardware entity microservice in communication with the embedded device; a second computing system having a second processor and a second memory, the second memory being a second non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a core framework microservice; and a communication device in communication with the first computing system and the second computing system.
G06F 15/177 - Initialisation or configuration control
H04L 41/0816 - Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being an adaptation, e.g. in response to network events
Methods and systems for stitching real-time and historical data are disclosed herein. The data may be gathered from a line card and represent metrics of hardware or software elements of the line card. The historical data may be transferred and stored in an archive of a control card of a network element and the real-time data may be accessed by a proxy host of the control card substantially in real-time. A network administration device may access the historical data on the file collector and/or the real-time data from the proxy host of the control card and convert them to a time series database format and store the converted data in a time series database. A user may access a portion of the converted real-time and/or historical data using a graphical user interface, the accessed portion representing data gathered during a period of time selected by the user.
H04L 41/22 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks comprising specially adapted graphical user interfaces [GUI]
This disclosure describes digitally generating sub-carriers (SCs) to provide isolation and dynamic allocation of bandwidth between uplink and downlink traffic between transceivers that are communicatively coupled via a bidirectional link including one or more segments of optical fiber. Separate uplink and downlink communication channels may be created using digitally generated SCs and using the same transmitter laser. In some implementations, one or more of the nodes include a transceiver having at least one laser and one digital signal processing (DSP) operable for digitally generating at least two SCs and detecting at least two SCs. The transceiver can transmit selected SCs, and can receive other SCs. Accordingly, the transceiver can facilitate bidirectional communication, for example, over a single optical fiber link. In some instances, techniques can facilitate dynamic bandwidth assignment by facilitating adding or blocking of optical subcarriers from transmission in an uplink or downlink direction.
A network or system in which a hub or primary node may communicate with a plurality of leaf or secondary nodes. The hub node may operate or have a capacity greater than that of the leaf nodes. Accordingly, relatively inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed to receive data carrying optical signals from, and supply data carrying optical signals to, the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, whereby each connection may include one or more spans or segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, optical splitters/combiners, and optical add/drop multiplexer, for example. Optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections, each carrying a data stream. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator, such that multiple lasers and modulators are not required, and costs may be reduced. As the bandwidth or capacity requirements of the leaf nodes change, the number of subcarriers, and thus the amount of data provided to each node, may be changed accordingly. Each subcarrier within a dedicated group of subcarriers may carry OAM or control channel information to a corresponding leaf node, and such information may be used by the leaf node to configure the leaf node to have a desired bandwidth or capacity.
H04B 7/26 - Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
H04B 10/2575 - Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
Optical network systems are disclosed, including systems having transmitters with a digital signal processor comprising forward error correction circuitry that provides encoded first electrical signals based on input data; and power adjusting circuitry that receives second electrical signals indicative of the first electrical signals, the power adjusting circuitry supplying third electrical signals, wherein each of the third electrical signals is indicative of an optical power level of a corresponding to one of a plurality of optical subcarriers output from an optical transmitter.
Consistent with the present disclosure, a networking system is provided whereby flexible optical bandwidth or capacity between a primary or hub node and secondary or leaf nodes is realized to reduce overall cost and power consumption. Packets are multi-cast from a high speed transceiver in the hub node (or optical line terminal (OLT) to one or more sets of low speed transceivers in the leaf node (optical network terminal (ONT) or optical network unit (ONU)) allowing sets of low speed transceivers to pool together and share the total bandwidth allocated and received from the high speed transceiver. In one example, the hub node outputs a plurality of optical subcarriers, each of which being designated for one or more leaf nodes. Accordingly, the intended leaf node output data associated with its designated optical subcarrier or subcarriers as the case may be and supplies the data to a transceiver at the client premises. Circuitry is provided in the leaf node to convert the received data carried by the subcarrier to data compatible with a transceiver at the client location. In addition, circuitry is provided in the leaf node to receive optical or electrical signals supplied from the client and convert such data to information that may be carried by one or more optical subcarriers back to the hub node. In the hub node, such information is received and converted to client compatible signals that are received by client equipment connected to the hub node.
Consistent with the present disclosure, an encoder circuit is provided at a transmit side of an optical fiber link that maps an input sequence of bits of fixed length k a sequence of symbols of a codeword of length n, such that the symbols of the codeword define a predetermined transmission probability distribution. Preferably, each symbol of the codeword is generated during a corresponding clock cycle, such that after n clock cycles, a complete codeword corresponding to the input bit sequence is output. On a receive end of the link, a decoder is provided that outputs the k-bit sequence every n clock cycles. Accordingly, buffers need not be provided at the output of the encoder and the input of the decoder, such that processing of the input sequence, codewords, and output sequence may be achieved efficiently without large buffers and complicated circuitry. Moreover, the input sequence, with any binary alphabet may be matched to a desired output distribution with any arbitrary alphabet. Accordingly, probabilistic constellation shaping may be achieved over constellations of arbitrary size. In addition, relatively long codewords, may be encoded and decoded with the apparatus and method disclosed herein. Accordingly, for a fixed SNR a higher SE (more bits per symbol) can be achieved. Alternatively, for a fixed SE, a lower SNR may be sufficient. Moreover, the resulting SE may be finely tailored to a particular optical link SNR to provide data transmission rates that are higher than the low order modulation formats that would otherwise be employed for optical signals carried by such links.
H04L 25/06 - DC level restoring meansBias distortion correction
H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
H04L 27/34 - Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
H04L 25/49 - Transmitting circuitsReceiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitterTransmitting circuitsReceiving circuits using predistortionTransmitting circuitsReceiving circuits using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrumTransmitting circuitsReceiving circuits using three or more amplitude levels
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
H04L 25/03 - Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
81.
STATE OF POLARIZATION SENSITIVE COHERENT OPTICAL TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY
A transceiver is herein described. The transceiver comprises an optical source providing an optical signal, a modulator receiving the optical signal and configured to encode data into the optical signal, a transmitter module to receive data to be encoded into the optical signal and having at least one drive circuit supplying driver signals to the modulator to cause the modulator to encode data into a carrier having a frequency band and a tone signal outside of the frequency band into the optical signal, a narrowband filter operable to receive a portion of the optical signal via an optical loopback, the optical signal having the encoded data and a first tone reflection of the tone signal at a first instant of time and to pass the first tone reflection, a polarimeter operable to receive the first tone reflection and determine a first tone polarization of the first tone reflection.
Disclosed herein are multi-layer substrates for integrated circuit packages and methods of making the same. The multi-layer substrate may comprise a plurality of lower layers, at least one core layer, a plurality of upper layers, and a side surface. A first connection and a second connection may extend through or on an uppermost layer of the plurality of upper layers. A trace may be embedded in or on one of the plurality of upper layers, the trace electrically connected to the first connection and the second connection. A first mounting pad and a second mounting pad may be positioned on the side surface and/or the uppermost layer of the plurality of upper layers and a blocking capacitor may be electrically connected to the first mounting pad and the second mounting pad with the second mounting pad electrically connected to the second connection.
H01L 23/538 - Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another the interconnection structure between a plurality of semiconductor chips being formed on, or in, insulating substrates
Techniques are described for implementing an out-of-band communication channel used to exchange control channel information in sub-carrier-based optical communication systems. In an example implementation, an optical communication system includes a primary transceiver, a component, and secondary transceivers. The primary transceiver is operable to supply first optical subcarriers to an optical communication path, the first optical subcarriers being amplitude modulated at a first frequency to carry first control information and amplitude modulated at a second frequency to carry second control information. The component is operable to be coupled to the optical communication path and includes circuitry operable to detect the first control information. The secondary transceivers are coupled to a terminal end of the optical communication path. At least one of the secondary transceivers is operable to detect the second control information and block the first control information.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
G02B 6/293 - Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
Consistent with the present disclosure, multiple forward error correction (FEC) encoders are provided for encoding a respective one of a plurality of data streams. A mechanism is provided to mix or interleave portions of the encoded data such that each subcarrier carries information associated with each data stream, as opposed to each subcarrier carrying information associated with only a corresponding one of the data streams. As a result, both higher SNR and low SNR optical subcarriers carry such information, such that errors occurring during transmission are distributed and not concentrated or limited to information associated with a single data stream. Accordingly, at the receive end, each FEC decoder decodes information having a similar overall error rate. By balancing the error rates across each FEC encoder/decoder pair, the overall ability to correct errors improves compared to a system in which mixing or interleaving is not carried out.
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for generating, transmitting, directing, receiving, and processing optical subcarriers. In some implementations, a system includes a Tier 1 switch that supplies a plurality of data channels; a transmitter that receives the plurality of data channels, the transmitter including an optical modulator that supplies a plurality of optical subcarriers based on the plurality of data channels; an optical platform that receives the plurality of optical subcarriers, the optical platform having a plurality of outputs, each of which supplying at least one of the plurality of subcarriers; a plurality of receivers, each receiving one or more of the plurality of optical subcarriers and supplying one or more of the plurality of data channels; and a plurality of servers, each of which receiving one or more of the plurality of data channels.
Systems and methods of providing a bare circuit integrated circuit package with a containment ring are described. The bare circuit integrated circuit package may be provided with a substrate connected to a printed circuit board. An integrated circuit may be connected to the substrate. A stiffener ring that surrounds the integrated circuit may be attached to the substrate. A heat sink may be positioned on the stiffener ring and over the integrated circuit such that there is a space between a top of the integrated circuit and a bottom surface of the heat sink. A thermal interface material may be provided to thermally connect the integrated circuit and the heat sink. A containment ring may be positioned between the stiffener ring and the integrated circuit, the containment ring sized and positioned to prevent pumping and/or displacement of the thermal interface material.
An optical network having a first terminal node, a second terminal node, and a network service system is described. The first terminal node has a plurality of ports and a signal restoration component to create a restored path. The second terminal node has a plurality of ports and a failure monitor to issue a path failure notice. A working path, a protection path, and the restored path are each fiber optic lines optically coupling the first terminal node to the second terminal node to enable a service, each path requiring a quantity of exclusive licenses. The network service system receives a path failure notice indicating a working path failure, calculates the quantity of licenses required by the restored path, releases the quantity of licenses required by the working path and applies at least a portion of the quantity of licenses to the quantity of licenses required by the restored path.
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
Consistent with the present disclosure, a DDR photodiode is provided on a substrate adjacent to a passive waveguide. In order to efficiently capture light output from the waveguide, the photodiode is coupled to the waveguide with a butt-joint. As a result, the photodiode and the waveguide abut one another such that the dominant mode of light propagating in the waveguide parallel to the substrate is supplied directly to a side of the absorber layer of the photodiode without, in one example, evanescent coupling, nor is a resonant coupler required to supply light to the photodiode. Thus, light is absorbed more efficiently in the photodiode such that the photodiode may have a shorter length. In addition, since substantially all light is input to the photodiode, nearly complete absorption and nearly ideal quantum efficiency can be achieved in a relatively short length. Further, the improved linearity associated with DDR photodiodes is preserved with the exemplary butt joint configurations disclosed herein.
H01L 31/0232 - Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
H01L 31/105 - Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier or surface barrier the potential barrier being of the PIN type
G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
An example system includes a transceiver and a microcontroller. The microcontroller is configured to receive, from first and second network interfaces of the transceiver, a plurality of messages from a hub node and the leaf nodes. Each of the messages corresponds to a respective one of the ingress or egress data flows. The microcontroller is also configured generate a resource assignment map based on the messages. The resource assignment map includes pairings between a respective one of the ingress data flows and a respective one of the egress data flows, and, for each of the pairings, an indication of a respective network resource assigned to exchange the egress data flow of that pairing with a respective one of the leaf nodes. The microcontroller is also configured to generate a command to cause the transceiver to transmit the egress data flows in accordance with the resource assignment map.
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
90.
Out-of-band communication channel for point-to-multi-point communications
Techniques are described for implementing an out-of-band communication channel used to exchange control channel information in sub-carrier-based optical communication systems. In an example implementation, a transmitter includes a laser operable to supply an optical signal, a digital signal processor operable to supply first electrical signals based on first data input to the digital signal processor and second data input to the digital signal processor, digital-to-analog conversion circuitry operable to output second electrical signals based on the first electrical signals, modulator driver circuitry is operable to output third electrical signals based on the second electrical signals, and an optical modulator operable to supply first and second modulated optical signals based on the third electrical signals. The first modulated optical signal includes a plurality of optical subcarriers carrying user data. The plurality of optical subcarriers also being amplitude modulated to carry control information.
An apparatus comprising a control circuit providing a variable control signal, and a transmitter. The transmitter operable to provide a modulated optical signal including a plurality of optical subcarriers. One of the plurality of optical subcarriers carries a sequence of modulation symbols. The sequence of modulation symbols includes modulation symbols that are output with a variable transmission frequency in accordance with a transmission probability distribution that is variable based on the control signal.
Described herein is an apparatus including a continuous wave idler and an optical coupler that provide an optical signal having a power greater than optical channels carrying data, and positioned at a cross-over point between two spectral bands, with each band encompassing multiple optical channels.
A transmitter block, comprising an optical source, a modulator, a transmission circuit and a control circuit. The optical source has a laser providing an optical signal. The modulator is configured to encode data into the optical signal using an m-quadrature amplitude modulation format. The transmission circuit has circuitry to receive data to be encoded into the optical signal. The transmission circuit has at least one drive circuit supplying driver signals to the modulator to cause the modulator to encode data into the optical signal using the m-quadrature amplitude modulation format. The control circuit supplies control signals to the transmission circuit to cause the transmission circuit to change the m-quadrature amplitude modulation format from a first m-quadrature amplitude modulation format to a second m-quadrature amplitude modulation format based upon predicted degradation of a link to receive modulated data from the modulator.
A control circuit, comprising a processor, and a computer readable medium is described. The computer readable medium stores logic that causes the processor to analyze performance data of a link carrying data encoded in a first modulation format with a degradation prediction algorithm to determine a predicted level of degradation of the link. The processor provides first control signals to a transmitter block, and second control signals to a receiver block based upon the predicted level of degradation of the link over time. The first control signals cause the transmitter block to encode data to be transmitted over the link in a second modulation format. The second control signals cause the receiver block to decode data received from the link using the second modulation format. The first and second modulation formats conform to requirements of a same m-quadrature amplitude modulation protocol.
A method and system is described. A signal indicative of a failure of a first channel within a plurality of channels of a transmission signal traversing a signal working path in a network is received. The signal working path has a headend node, a tail-end node and an intermediate node. The first channel has a frequency band and a power level prior to failing. The signal working path is associated with a protection path. The protection path includes the intermediate node, optical cross-connects, and a transmitter supplying (ASE) light. The transmitter is activated to supply the ASE light within a frequency band and having a power level corresponding to the frequency band and power level associated with the first channel. The ASE light is supplied to a cross-connect, such that the cross-connect provides a transmission signal including the ASE light.
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
Consistent with an aspect of the present disclosure, electrical signals or digital subcarriers are generated in a DSP based on independent input data streams. Drive signals are generated based on the digital subcarriers, and such drive signals are applied to an optical modulator, including, for example, a Mach-Zehnder modulator. The optical modulator modulates light output from a laser based on the drive signals to supply optical subcarriers corresponding to the digital subcarriers. These optical subcarriers may be received by optical receivers provided at different locations in an optical communications network, where the optical subcarrier may be processed, and the input data stream associated with such optical subcarrier is output. Accordingly, instead of providing multiple lasers and modulators, for example, data is carried by individual subcarriers output from an optical source including one laser and modulator. Thus, a cost associated with the network may be reduced. Moreover, each of the subcarriers may be detected by a corresponding one of a plurality of receivers, each of which being provided in a different location in the optical communication network. Thus, receivers need not be co-located, such that the network has improved flexibility.
Consistent with an aspect of the present disclosure, electrical signals or digital subcarriers are generated in a DSP based on independent input data streams. Drive signals are generated based on the digital subcarriers, and such drive signals are applied to an optical modulator, including, for example, a Mach-Zehnder modulator. The optical modulator modulates light output from a laser based on the drive signals to supply optical subcarriers corresponding to the digital subcarriers. These optical subcarriers may be received by optical receivers provided at different locations in an optical communications network, where the optical subcarrier may be processed, and the input data stream associated with such optical subcarrier is output. Accordingly, instead of providing multiple lasers and modulators, for example, data is carried by individual subcarriers output from an optical source including one laser and modulator. Thus, a cost associated with the network may be reduced. Moreover, each of the subcarriers may be detected by a corresponding one of a plurality of receivers, each of which being provided in a different location in the optical communication network. Thus, receivers need not be co-located, such that the network has improved flexibility.
Systems, devices, and techniques relating to optical communications are described. A described hub optical module includes an optical transceiver configured to communicate with edge optical modules of respective edge devices via an optical communication network, the edge optical modules comprising edge interfaces; and a controller coupled with the optical transceiver. The controller can be configured to provide, to a hub device, hub interfaces which are configurable to respectively correspond to different optical subcarriers transmitted from and received by the optical transceiver. The controller can advertise, to the hub device, an application select code to enable the hub device to configure an operational mode and to selectively enable each of the hub interfaces in the operational mode, store one or more associations among the hub interfaces and the edge interfaces, and configure one or more cross-connections among the hub interfaces and the optical subcarriers based on the one or more associations.
Systems and methods for performing impairment compensation in point-to-multi-point communication systems are described. In a data snapshot mode, a hub node can send instructions to each communication node connected to the hub node to send a data snapshot of data being received and processed by the communication nodes at a particular time. In a trench line mode, a hub node sends instructions to each communication node to send trench line data back to the hub node. The hub node uses the data snapshot or trench line data to determine how to tune filter coefficients in the hub node to perform impairment compensation and improve performance of the communication system.
Systems and methods for more efficiently decoding generalized product codes (GPC) are described. A receiving device equipped with a decoder is configured to receive GPC-encoded signals and implement an early termination method to avoid executing multiple operations of the decoding scheme typically used by the receiving device. The receiving device can identify whether a particular condition is satisfied when decoding a signal, and if the condition is satisfied, can omit certain operations of the decoding scheme and thereby reduce power consumption. The particular condition can be satisfied when the syndromes for sign bits in a codeword associated with the received signal are zero.
