The invention provides a method for the preparation of a particulate photochromic material containing yttrium oxyhydride (YHO). The method comprises the following steps: (a) subjecting metallic yttrium to mechanochemical processing in the presence of hydrogen gas whereby to produce particulate yttrium hydride; and (b) subjecting the particulate yttrium hydride to oxidation.
C09K 9/00 - Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
2.
A RARE-EARTH METAL OXYHYDRIDE BASED SUPERCONDUCTIVE THIN FILM AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD
The present invention relates to a superconductive rare-earth metal oxyhydride material and a method for producing the material. The method comprising the steps of: —first the formation on a substrate of a layer of an oxygen free rare-earth metal hydride with a predetermined thickness using a physical vapor deposition process; and —second exposing the rare-earth metal hydride layer to oxidative agent for oxidation where the oxygen reacts with the rare-earth metal hydride that results with obtaining rare-earth metal oxyhydride, the oxidation being below a predetermined limit defined by a measured transparency being less than 10%.
Electrode for an energy storage device which comprises a powder of particles (26) comprising amorphous, micro- or nano-crystalline coated or uncoated silicon oxynitride having a chemical formula SiNxOy, where 0.03≤x+y<1.3, whereby nitrogen makes up 10-99% of said x+y value with the balance being oxygen.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Scientific, research, navigation, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, audiovisual, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting, testing, inspecting, life-saving and teaching apparatus, instruments, equipment and devices; scientific research and laboratory apparatus, instruments, equipment, devices and simulators; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the distribution or use of electricity; apparatus and instruments for recording, transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or data; recorded and downloadable media; computer software; computer hardware; calculating devices; computers and computer peripheral devices; software for scientific, medical and technological use; machine learning software; solar cells; solar panels; photovoltaic apparatus for generating electricity; batteries; solar and wind powered batteries; magnets; magnetic separators for scientific use; material testing instruments, equipment, apparatus, machines and devices; measuring and sensing instruments, equipment, apparatus and devices; sensors; observation instruments, equipment, apparatus and devices; tomographic instruments, equipment, apparatus and devices, other than for medical use; instruments, equipment, apparatus and devices for surveying physical data; measuring, detecting, monitoring and controlling apparatus, instruments, equipment and devices; data processing apparatus, instruments, equipment, devices and accessories (electrical and mechanical); information technology apparatus, instruments, equipment and devices; integrated circuits; semiconductors; Electric installations for the remote control of industrial operations; electro-dynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals; electronic notice boards; communication interface units; semi-conductors. 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Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis, industrial research and industrial design services; quality control and authentication services; design and development of computer hardware and software; engineering services; design and development of scientific instruments and electronics; design and development of measurement techniques; design and development of data processing and simulation equipment and software; design and development of control rooms; design and development of sensing and measuring equipment and instruments; design and development databases and data processing systems; research, development, consultancy, analysis and advisory services in the fields of flow technology, corrosion, metallurgy, petroleum technology, energy technology, environment technology, nuclear technology, physics, material technology and radiopharmacology; research, development, consultancy, analysis and advisory services in the fields relating to the use of energy; nuclear engineering services; testing of nuclear material; materials testing and analysis; research and analysis services for oil field exploration; development of virtual reality software; energy systems analysis; medical research services; laboratory services; laboratory research, testing and analysis; software as a service; software as a service for scientific and industrial use; providing online non-downloadable virtual reality and simulation software; nuclear research services; nuclear research services using nuclear reactors; scientific and industrial research, development, consultancy, analysis and advisory services in the fields of IT and digital technology, risk evaluation, risk management, health and safety, digital systems, information- and cyber- security, data analytics and computer science; scientific and industrial research, development, consultancy, analysis and advisory services in the fields of process modelling, environmental analysis, industrial processes, engineering, chemistry, physics, geology, geomechanical processes, geochemical processes, geodynamics and geophysics; scientific and industrial research, development, consultancy, analysis and advisory services in the fields of nanotechnology, energy processes, renewable energy, hydrogen, fuel cells, wind power, CO2 capture, nuclear radiation, energy production, nuclear energy, nuclear power plants, energy storage, batteries and nuclear research reactors; scientific and industrial research, development, consultancy, analysis and advisory services in the fields of engineering, electron beam welding and mechanical engineering, hydrogen production, environmental and materials pollution and contamination, materials treatment and processing, and mineral processing; scientific and industrial research, development, consultancy, analysis and advisory services in the fields of social security, climate, environment, air quality, medicine, digitization, cyber security, space research and robotics; scientific material and process testing services; scientific materials and process testing services using sensors; scientific measurement, sensing, scanning and analysis services; measurement and analysis of radioactive materials; scientific microscopy analysis services; scientific services and research using microscopes and lasers; scientific services for tracking and analysing flow processes in biological and geological systems; scientific research and analysis services for use in criminal forensic investigations, agriculture, bioenergy, archaeology, ecology, environmental science, food authenticity, geochemistry and medical research; provision of scientific information; industrial design services in the field of man-machine interface; design and development of hardware and software in the field of process control, geophysics, flow modelling, modelling of natural phenomena, security and safety management; corrosion testing and analysis; oil-well testing; analysis and testing services in the field of oil exploration; calibration [measuring]; geological research; research in the field of physics.
5.
ELECTRODE, ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE & METHOD
Electrode (24) for an electrical energy storage device, which electrode (24) comprises an electrode active material layer (10) containing a plurality of particles of modified electrode active material comprising amorphous or crystalline, micro- or nano-sized stoichiometric or non-stochiometric silicon nitride each having a chemical formula of SiNx whereby 0 to 30% of said particles (12) contain one or more modifying elements selected from the group: phosphorus (P), boron (B), carbon (C), oxygen (O), sulphur (S), selenium (Se), arsenic (As), tin (Sn), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), germanium (Ge) or antimony (Sb), and arranged in a conductive electrode matrix (14) so as to exhibit at least one of the following: a) a chemical composition gradient, whereby the nitrogen content within the particles (12) increases or decreases with distance from a surface (16) of the electrode active material layer (10), and/or b) a particle size gradient, whereby the average particle size of the particles of modified electrode active material (12) increases or decreases with distance from a surface (16) of the modified electrode active material (10) and/or c) a chemical composition gradient, whereby said modifying element content changes through the thickness of the modified electrode active material (10).
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/48 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/36 - Accumulators not provided for in groups
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
Electrical energy storage device (22) comprising an anode (24), a cathode (26) and electrolyte (28), whereby the anode (24) comprises particles (10, 20, 30, 40) comprising an amorphous and/or crystalline silicon-based core (12), a continuous or non-continuous first carbon-containing shell (14, 14a), and a continuous or non-continuous second carbon-containing shell (16, 16a). The second carbon-containing shell (16, 16a) has a higher density and/or a higher atomic percentage of carbon than the first carbon-containing shell (14, 16a).
The present invention relates to a superconductive rare-earth metal oxyhydride material and a method for producing the material. The method comprising the steps of: - first the formation on a substrate of a layer of an oxygen free rare-earth metal hydride with a predetermined thickness using a physical vapor deposition process; and - second exposing the rare-earth metal hydride layer to oxidative agent for oxidation where the oxygen reacts with the rare-earth metal hydride that results with obtaining rare-earth metal oxyhydride, the oxidation being below a predetermined limit defined by a measured transparency being less than 10%.
C01B 21/082 - Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/1395 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
9.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN OXYHYDRIDE-BASED PHOTOCHROMIC DEVICE
The present invention relates to a method for producing a photochromic oxy-hydride material as well as a photochromic component. The method comprising the steps of: - first the formation on a substrate of a layer of an essentially oxygen free rare earth metal hydride with a predetermined thickness using a physical vapor deposition process; and - second exposing the metal hydride layer to oxygen where the oxygen reacts with the metal hydride, said second step being performed in an environment having a water content defined by a water amount in air at sea level pressure with RH between >0% and 100% RH for temperatures between 0oC and 40oC, preferably 25o Celsius.
C03C 17/22 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
C09K 9/00 - Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
C23C 14/06 - Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
B32B 17/06 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B60J 3/04 - Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreensSun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
Electrical energy storage device (22) comprising an anode (24), a cathode (26) and electrolyte (28), whereby the anode (24) comprises particles (10, 20, 30, 40) comprising an amorphous and/or crystalline silicon-based core (12), a continuous or non-continuous first carbon-containing shell (14, 14a), and a continuous or non-continuous second carbon-containing shell (16, 16a). The second carbon-containing shell (16, 16a) has a higher density and/or a higher atomic percentage of carbon than the first carbon- containing shell (14, 16a).
Electrode (24) for an electrical energy storage device, which electrode (24) comprises an electrode active material layer (10) containing a plurality of particles of modified electrode active material comprising amorphous or crystalline, micro- or nano-sized stoichiometric or non-stochiometric silicon nitride each having a chemical formula of SiNx whereby 0 to 30% of said particles (12) contain one or more modifying elements selected from the group: phosphorus (P), boron (B), carbon (C), oxygen (O), sulphur (S), selenium (Se), arsenic (As), tin (Sn), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), germanium (Ge) or antimony (Sb), and arranged in a conductive electrode matrix (14) so as to exhibit at least one of the following: a) a chemical composition gradient, whereby the nitrogen content within the particles (12) increases or decreases with distance from a surface (16) of the electrode active material layer (10), and/or b) a particle size gradient, whereby the average particle size of the particles of modified electrode active material (12) increases or decreases with distance from a surface (16) of the modified electrode active material (10) and/or c) a chemical composition gradient, whereby said modifying element content changes through the thickness of the modified electrode active material (10).
Method for producing a powder comprising particles (26) comprising amorphous, micro- or nano-crystalline Silicon nitride. The method comprises the steps of supplying a reactant gas (12) containing Silicon, and a reactant gas (12) containing Nitrogen, to a reaction chamber (16) of a reactor (10), and heating said reactant gases (12) to a temperature in the range of 510° C. to 1300° C. which is sufficient for thermal decomposition or reduction of the reactant gases (12) to take place inside the reaction chamber (16) to thereby produce a powder of amorphous, micro- or nano-crystalline particles (26) comprising Silicon nitride (SiNx) in which the atomic ratio of Silicon to Nitrogen is in the range 1:0.2 to 1:0.9. The produced powder of particles (26) may be used to produce a film, an electrode, such as an anode, for a battery, such as a Lithium ion battery.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
C01B 21/068 - Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron with silicon
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
13.
Organic-inorganic hybrid material and method for silicon surface passivation
A relevant technological challenge is the low cost and abundant materials development for silicon surface passivation for applications in optoelectronic devices, in particular in solar cells by scalable industrial methods. In the present invention, a new hybrid material comprising PEDOT:PSS and transparent conducting oxide nanostructures is developed and a method is proposed to fabricate the composite material that passivates well the silicon surface to be used by means of a thin composite film of thickness below 200 nm.
C09D 165/00 - Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
A process for producing a two-phase ferrite powder comprising: a) Sr-ferrite as a first phase; b) an iron oxide as a second phase, wherein said process comprises the steps of v) milling a Sr-ferrite starting material for a duration of 10 min to 6 hours; and vi) heating the material obtained in step i) to a temperature of 500-2000 °C.
C04B 35/26 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on ferrites
C04B 35/626 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches
H01F 1/00 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties
H01F 1/01 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
H01F 1/03 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
H01F 1/032 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
H01F 1/10 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites
H01F 1/34 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites
H01F 1/36 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites in the form of particles
The invention provides for the use of at least one salt as a water tracer compound, wherein said salt comprises at least one organic or inorganic cation and at least one inorganic anionic metal complex. Typically the tracer is used in industrial water or in a subterranean reservoir, such as in monitoring fluid flow in a petroleum or geothermal reservoir. The anionic metal complex or the metal cation is detected to monitor fluid flow. The invention further provides a method for tracking the flow of at least one fluid, said method comprising applying at least one salt comprising at least one organic or inorganic cation and at least one inorganic anionic metal complex to at least one known position along the flow of said fluid and monitoring for the absence/presence and/or concentration of said inorganic anionic metal complex in samples of said at least one fluid. Other aspects of the invention include compositions comprising the described salts in a slurry with proppant particles and methods for monitoring the integrity of an isolation plug. Aggregates comprising consolidated crystals of the described salts are also provided.
E21B 47/11 - Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using tracersLocating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using radioactivity
G01M 3/20 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
Method for producing a photochromic material and a component including the photochromic material, where the method comprises the steps of: - first the formation on a substrate of a layer of an essentially oxygen free metal hydride with a predetermined thickness using a physical vapor deposition process; and - second exposing the metal hydride layer to oxygen where the oxygen reacts with the metal hydride, resulting in a material with photochromic properties.
C09K 9/00 - Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
C23C 14/06 - Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
C03C 17/22 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
A relevant technological challenge is the low cost and abundant materials development for silicon surface passivation for applications in optoelectronic devices,in particular in solar cells by scalable industrial methods. In the present invention, a new hybrid material comprising PEDOT:PSS and transparent conducting oxide nanostructures is developed and a method is proposed to fabricate the composite material that passivates well the silicon surface to be used by means of a thin composite film of thickness below 200nm.
H01L 51/00 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof
18.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SILICON NITRIDE POWDER AND BATTERY COMPRISING THE POWDER
Method for producing a powder comprising particles (26) comprising amorphous, micro- or nano-crystalline Silicon nitride. The method comprises the steps of supplying a reactant gas (12) containing Silicon, and a reactant gas (12) containing Nitrogen, to a reaction chamber (16) of a reactor (10), and heating said reactant gases (12) to a temperature in the range of 510°C to 1300°C which issufficient for thermal decomposition or reduction of the reactant gases (12) to take place inside the reaction chamber (16) to thereby produce a powder of amorphous, micro-or nano-crystalline particles (26) comprising Silicon nitride (SiNx) in which the atomic ratio of Silicon to Nitrogen is in the range 1:0.2 to 1:0.9. The produced powder of particles (26) may be used to produce a film, an electrode, such as an anode, for a battery, such as a Lithium ion battery.
The present invention relates to a metal hydride device having a variable transparency, comprising a substrate, at least one layer including a photochromic yttrium hydride having a chosen band gap, and a capping layer at least partially positioned on the opposite side of the photochromic yttrium hydride layer from the substrate, said capping layer being essentially impermeable to hydrogen and oxygen.
C03C 17/34 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
An oxygen carrier (OC) for use in Chemical Looping technology with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) for the combustion of carbonaceous fuels, in which commercial grade metal oxides selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, and Co oxides and mixtures thereof constitute a primary oxygen carrier component. The oxygen carrier contains, at least, a secondary oxygen carrier component which is comprised by low-value industrial materials which already contain metal oxides selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Co, Fe, Ni oxides or mixtures thereof. The secondary oxygen carrier component has a minimum oxygen carrying capacity of 1 g of O2 per 100 g material in chemical looping reactions. Methods for the manufacture of the OC are also disclosed.
B01J 8/26 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
F23C 10/00 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles
C01B 3/30 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using moving solid particles using the fluidised bed technique
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
The invention provides the use of at least one sparingly soluble metal compound, each comprising a metal ion and at least one anion, in monitoring and/or validating the use of at least one chemical treatment agent in a subterranean reservoir. Typical compounds include oxides, sulphides, phosphates and molybdates of rare earth elements or yttrium. The inventions also provides a corresponding method for monitoring and/or validating the use of at least one chemical treatment agent in a subterranean reservoir. Tracer sources comprising at least one sparingly soluble metal compound bound with a binder such as a polymer are also provided.
C09K 8/03 - Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
E21B 47/10 - Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
G01M 3/20 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
23.
Passivation stack on a crystalline silicon solar cell
H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
H01L 21/02 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
H01L 31/068 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
This invention relates to an electronic semiconductive component comprising at least one layer (2,3) of a p-type or n-type material, wherein the layer of a said p- or n-type material is constituted by a metal hydride having a chosen dopant. The invention also relates to methods for producing the component.
H01L 31/032 - Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups
H01L 21/02 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
H01L 29/24 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only inorganic semiconductor materials not provided for in groups , , or
H01L 31/0328 - Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, semiconductor materials provided for in two or more of groups
H01L 31/072 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
A method is proposed for inter-well measurement of pH in petroleum reservoirs, as is the use of certain pH-dependent partitioning tracers in such methods. The tracers consist of a substituted phenol of formula (i), wherein each of R1 to R5 is independently selected from H, F, CI, Br, I, CF3 CF2CI, CFCI2, CCI3, OCH3, OC2H5, CHO, CN and NO2 and wherein at least one of R1 to R5 is not H
The present invention provides a method for monitoring precipitation of at least one wax component from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream during the flow of said fluid stream through a fluid transport system having at least one in-flow point and at least one out-flow point. The method comprises: i) introducing at least one labelled wax into said hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream at at least one in-flow point; and ii) measuring the relative or absolute concentration of said labelled wax in at least one sample taken at at least one out-flow point. The method may comprise sampling and analysing wax components from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, identifying suitable wax components and generating labelled waxed based upon such components. Methods of generating labelled waxes and their uses are provided, along with corresponding methods for asphaltenes.
A process for alumina and carbonate production from aluminium rich materials with integrated CO2 utilization, comprising: comminuting and leaching Al-rich materials in concentrated HCI; separating unreacted material from metal chloride solution; separating Al3+ from solution by crystallization of AlCl3 .cndot. 6H2O; calcination of AlCl3 .cndot. 6H2O with HCl recovery; precipitation of metal carbonates from CO2; regeneration of HCl and extractive amines; the Al3+ separation the facilitated by increasing HCl concentration; the calcination being performed in two steps, one in the range 400 and 600.degree.C to generate a HCl-rich gas and one above 600.degree.C to produce Al2O3; for precipitating metal carbonates, mixing the metal chloride solution with an organic solution containing a selected amine and contacting the mixture with a CO2-containing gas, thereby also extracting HCl by formation of an ammonium chloride salt complex; processing thermally or chemically the organic solution to regenerate the amine for recirculation.
A process for alumina and carbonate production from aluminium rich materials with integrated CO2 utilization, comprising: comminuting and leaching Al-rich materials in concentrated HCI; separating unreacted material from metal chloride solution; separating Al3+ from solution by crystallization of AlCl3 ·6H2O; calcination of AlCl3 ·6H2O with HCl recovery; precipitation of metal carbonates from CO2; regeneration of HCl and extractive amines; the Al3+ separation the facilitated by increasing HCl concentration; the calcination being performed in two steps, one in the range 400 and 600°C to generate a HCl-rich gas and one above 600°C to produce Al2O3; for precipitating metal carbonates, mixing the metal chloride solution with an organic solution containing a selected amine and contacting the mixture with a CO2-containing gas, thereby also extracting HCl by formation of an ammonium chloride salt complex; processing thermally or chemically the organic solution to regenerate the amine for recirculation.
The present invention relates to tracer and/or chemical-release materials in the form of particles comprising: a) a partial outer coating comprising at least one resilient material; b) a matrix within said outer coating, said matrix comprising at least one polymeric material; c) at least one porous material encapsulated within said matrix; d) at least one tracer or chemical contained within said porous material. The invention further relates to methods for the use of such materials including methods for assessing the flow of fluids within a subterranean reservoir utilising one or more of such materials. Uses of the material in corresponding methods and also methods of production are further provided.
Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for modeling slug flow. The method includes receiving a fluid flow model comprising a representation of one or more conduits and a multiphase fluid flow therein, and determining a slug birth rate in the multiphase fluid flow. The slug birth rate is determined based at least partially on a difference between a slug front velocity and a slug tail velocity. The method also includes initiating a slug in the fluid flow model based at least partially on the slug birth rate, and displaying data representative of the slug flow in the model.
There is described a method for manufacturing a passivation stack on a crystalline silicon solar cell (1) device, the method comprising the steps of: - providing a substrate comprising a crystalline silicone layer (2), such as a crystalline silicon wafer or chip; - cleaning a surface (21, 23) of the crystalline silicon layer (2) by removing an oxide layer at least from a portion of one side of the crystalline silicon layer (2); - depositing, on at least a part of the cleaned surface (21, 23), a layer of silicon oxynitride (3); and - depositing a capping layer (5) comprising a hydrogenated dielectric material on top of the layer of silicon oxynitride (3), wherein the layer of silicon oxynitride (3) is deposited at a temperature between 100 °C and 200 °C, preferably between 100 °C and 150 °C, and even more preferably between 100 °C and 130 °C, wherein the step of depositing the layer of silicon oxynitride (3) includes the sub-steps of: - using N2O and SiH4 as precursor gasses in an N2 ambient atmosphere; and - depositing silicon oxynitride with a gas flow ratio of N2O to SiH4 below 2, preferably below 1, and even more preferably around 0,5. There is also described a crystalline silicon solar cell device obtainable by means of a method according to the invention.
Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for modeling slug flow. The method includes receiving a fluid flow model comprising a representation of one or more conduits and a multiphase fluid flow therein, and determining a slug birth rate in the multiphase fluid flow. The slug birth rate is determined based at least partially on a difference between a slug front velocity and a slug tail velocity. The method also includes initiating a slug in the fluid flow model based at least partially on the slug birth rate, and displaying data representative of the slug flow in the model.
PRAD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LIMITED (Virgin Islands (British))
SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION (USA)
INSTITUTT FOR ENERGITEKNIKK (Norway)
Inventor
Lawrence, Christopher John
Hu, Bin
Abstract
Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for modeling slug flow. The method includes receiving a fluid flow model comprising a representation of one or more conduits and a multiphase fluid flow therein, and determining a slug birth rate in the multiphase fluid flow. The slug birth rate is determined based at least partially on a difference between a slug front velocity and a slug tail velocity. The method also includes initiating a slug in the fluid flow model based at least partially on the slug birth rate, and displaying data representative of the slug flow in the model.
The invention provides controlled-release compositions comprising at least one encapsulating compound and at least one tracer and/or oil-field chemical, wherein the encapsulating compound is in the form of synthetic crystals having inclusions, and wherein said tracer and/or oil-field chemical is encapsulated within said inclusions. The invention further provides methods for the use of such composition including in tracking the flow, pH and/or salinity of at least one fluid within a geothermal reservoir or a reservoir for petroleum production, as well as in monitoring the integrity of cap and other barriers to fluid flow within the reservoir. Methods for the formation of such compositions are also provided.
C09K 8/536 - Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
E21B 47/10 - Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
Embodiments provide a gas distribution arrangement, a device for handling a chemical reaction comprising such a gas distribution arrangement and a method of providing a chemical reaction chamber with a gas. The distribution arrangement comprises a distribution plate for separating a chemical reaction chamber from a gas inlet area and having a first side arranged to face the chemical reaction chamber and a second side arranged to face the gas inlet area and comprising a set of through holes stretching between the first and the second side, where the first side of the plate comprises a first material surrounding the holes and having a first thermal conductivity, and the plate also comprises a second material forming a base structure also surrounding the holes and having a second thermal conductivity.
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B05B 1/00 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
C01B 33/029 - Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material by decomposition of monosilane
Method for producing a powder of particles comprising a core region (26) and a shell region (28), said core region (26) comprising amorphous or microcrystalline Silicon and said core region (26) comprising a passivating material. The method comprises the steps of supplying a reactant gas (12) containing Silicon to a reaction chamber (16) of a reactor, and heating said reactant gas (12) to a temperature sufficient for thermal decomposition or reduction of the reactant gas (12) to take place inside the reaction chamber (16) to thereby produce nano- to micro-scale particles of amorphous or microcrystalline Silicon, and thereafter coating said particles with passivating material.
C01B 33/029 - Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material by decomposition of monosilane
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
37.
Method and apparatus for analyzing alkalinity conditions in aqueous liquids
2 to the sampled liquid, and measuring pH in the sampled liquid and the pressure in the container, and finally calculating the total alkalinity based on the values from the performed measurements. An apparatus for conducting the method is also described as well as a method for controlling chemistry of a glycol containing liquid in a system for recovery of glycol.
G01N 31/16 - Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroupsApparatus specially adapted for such methods using titration
G01N 31/00 - Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroupsApparatus specially adapted for such methods
Method for the production of aqueous nutrient source for macro and micro algae aquaculture farming and nutrient source thus formed. Phosphorous containing rocks are dissolved in at least one mineral acid to yield a solution containing a blend of ions of the minerals included in the rocks and in the acid in a form digestible by the algae and adding carbon in the form of C02, carbonic acid, or carbonate salts. The invention also comprises a method for feeding an algae aquaculture farm with such nutrient source.
There is provided a method for forming a body comprising a particle structure fixated in a matrix material, the method comprising: - providing an amount of particles; - providing a viscous matrix material to include said particles, - forming a particle structure of at least a portion of said amount of particles, - fixating said viscous matrix so as to fixate said particle structure in the matrix material, characterized by - at least a portion of said amount of particles are paramagnetic or ferromagnetic; wherein the formation of the particle structure includes the step of: - Subjecting the particles to a magnetic field of a Kittel's open domain structure, from a magnet system comprising two permanent magnets being arranged adjacent to one another along respective adjoining surfaces, and each magnet having end surfaces in a mutual end plane perpendicular to said adjoining surfaces, the permanent magnets being arranged with opposite directions of the polarity of their magnetic fields, such that said magnetic field of a Kittel's open domain structure appears adjacent the end surfaces of the permanent magnets and centered over a junction formed by said adjoining surfaces at said end surfaces.
H01F 1/28 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder dispersed or suspended in a bonding agent
H01F 1/44 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
The invention relates to a method for forming a body comprising a particle structure fixated in a matrix material, comprising - Providing an amount of particles, - Providing a viscous matrix material to include said particles - Forming a particle structure of at least a portion of said amount of particles - Fixating said viscous matrix so as to fixate said particle structure in the matrix material characterised by at least a portion of said amount of particles being paramagnetic or ferromagnetic, and the formation of the particle structure includes the steps of: - Subjecting the particles to a first field, so as to arrange at least a portion of said particles into particle assemblies,each particle assembly comprising a plurality of particles and extending along a flux direction of said first field, and - Subjecting the particle assemblies to a second field, so as to move and/or rotate said particle assemblies along a flux direction of said second field, - wherein one of said first and second fields is a magnetic field, and the other of said first and second fields is an electric field, or a magnetic field having a different flux direction than said one magnetic field. The invention also relates to a body obtained by said method, and to the use of said method in various applications.
H01F 1/28 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder dispersed or suspended in a bonding agent
H01F 1/44 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
H01F 13/00 - Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
A device including a surface layer of a selected material in a predetermined pattern on a substrate surface. A groove or ridge arranged in the substrate surface includes a bottom or top face, respectively, and at least one side face sloping relative to the bottom or top face. The surface layer is deposited on a part of the substrate including the groove or ridge by vacuum chamber sputtering the selected material from a sputtering source while moving the substrate past the sputtering source in a direction substantially perpendicular to a sputtering main lobe direction and with a normal to the substrate surface substantially in a predefined angle with the main lobe direction. By uniformly etching away surface layer material deposited on the substrate by the sputtering until freeing a substantial part of the side face, the predetermined pattern becomes defined substantially by the bottom face or the top face.
An apparatus for tracer based flow measurement comprises: a tracer chamber 20, 33, 133, 43, 143, 53, 153 for installation in and/or on a production tubing 10, wherein the tracer chamber 20, 33, 133, 43, 143, 53, 153 is for holding tracer and is arranged to be linked, in use, to the pressure in an annulus 3 about the production tubing 10; the tracer chamber 20, 33, 133, 43, 143, 53, 153 comprising an outlet 31, 131, 41, 141, 51, 151 for fluid communication between the tracer chamber 20, 33, 133, 43, 143, 53, 153 and the fluid within the production tubing 10; whereby tracer is released from the tracer chamber 20, 33, 33, 43, 143, 53, 153 into the production tubing 10 in accordance with a pressure differential between the annulus 3 and the production tubing 10.
Method for ablating a dielectric (12) from a surface of a semiconductor substrate (10), which comprises the step of ablating the dielectric (12) using a pulsed laser (14) with a wavelength in the mid-to far IR having a pulse duration of less than 100ns, and a wavelength selected so that the substrate (10) will be substantially transparent and the dielectric will be substantially absorbing to radiation of that wavelength, whereby the majority of the laser energy will be absorbed by the dielectric (12).
Method for producing nano-to micro-scale particles of a material by homogeneous thermal decomposition or reduction of a reactant gas (12) containing the material, whereby the method comprises the steps of supplying the reactant gas (12) to a reaction chamber (16) of a reactor via at least one inlet, and a) heating the reactant gas (12) to a temperature sufficient for thermal decomposition or reduction of the reactant gas (12) to take place inside the reaction chamber (16), or b) confining a temperature dependent reaction or reaction sequence involving a plurality of reactants inside the reaction chamber (16). The method comprises the step of supplying a primary gas (22) through a porous membrane (20) constituting at least part of at least one wall of the reaction chamber (16) to provide a protective inert gas boundary to minimize or prevent the deposition of the material on the porous membrane (20).
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
C01B 33/027 - Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material
C01B 33/029 - Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material by decomposition of monosilane
45.
BA ISOTOPE CONTAINING COMPLEXES, METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING OF THE SAME AND THEIR USE AS TRACERS
There is provided complex comprising one or more substituted 18-crown-6 ether, one or more lipophilic acid, and a barium isotope selected from the group consisting of: 128Ba,131Ba,133Ba and 137mBa, methods for making said complex and use of the complex as aradioactively labelled tracers in oil industry.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Software for scientific, medical and technological use; solar cells; solar panels; magnets; magnetic separators for scientific use; material testing instruments and machines; measuring instruments; observation instruments; tomographic instruments, other than for medical use; instruments for surveying physical data. Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software; research, analysis services and consultancy all in the fields of petroleum technology, energy technology, environment technology, nuclear technology, physics, material technology and radiopharmacology; advisory services relating to the use of energy; nuclear engineering services; testing of nuclear material; materials testing and analysing; analysis services for oil field exploration; development of virtual reality software.
The invention concerns a gas distribution arrangement, a device for handling a chemical reaction comprising such a gas distribution arrangement and a method of providing a chemical reaction chamber with a gas. The distribution arrangement comprises a distribution plate (16) for separating a chemical reaction chamber (14) from a gas inlet area (12) and having a first side (20) arranged to face the chemical reaction chamber and a second side(18) arranged to face the gas inlet area and comprising a set of through holes stretching between the first and the second side, where the first side of the plate comprises a first material surrounding the holes and having a first thermal conductivity, and the plate also comprises a second material forming a base structure also surrounding the holes and having a second thermal conductivity.
C01B 33/027 - Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
Method for analyzing the alkalinity conditions in aqueous liquids, comprising: sampling a known amount of the aqueous liquid and placing it in a container of known volume, measuring pH in the sampled liquid and pressure in the container, adding a known amount of C02 to the sampled liquid, and measuring pH in the sampled liquid and the pressure in the container, and finally calculating the total alkalinity based on the values from the performed measurements. An apparatus for conducting the method is also described as well as a method for controlling chemistry of a glycol containing liquid in a system for recovery of glycol.
A method for improving the reaction rate and better utilize the storage capacity of water in gas hydrate formation processes in which heterogeneous nucleation seeds in the form of mineral particles dispersed in the water phase are used.
C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
50.
METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AQUEOUS NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR MACRO AND MICRO ALGAE AQUACULTURE FARMING, NUTRIENT BLEND THUS PRODUCED AND METHOD FOR FEEDING AN ALGAE AQUACULTURE FARM
Method for the production of aqueous nutrient source for macro and micro algae aquaculture farming and nutrient source thus formed. Rocks are dissolved in st least one mineral acid to yield 3 solution containing a blend of Ions of the minerals included in the rocks and in the add in a form digestible by the algae end adding carbon In the form of CO2, carbonic acid, or carbonate salts. The Invention also comprises a method for feeding an algae aquaculture farm with such nutrient source.
A device, and a method and apparatus for producing the device, having a surface layer (4) of a selected material in a predetermined pattern on a surface of a substrate (1). The substrate has a groove (7) or a ridge arranged in said substrate surface, said groove (7) or ridge having a bottom (3) or top (2) face, respectively, and at least one side face (8) sloping with respect to said bottom face (3) or said top face (2). The surface layer (4,5) is deposited on a part of said substrate (1) comprising said groove (7) or ridge by vacuum chamber sputtering of said selected material from a sputtering source (30) whilst moving said substrate (1) past said sputtering source (30) in a direction substantially perpendicular to a direction (40) of a main lobe (20) of sputtering from said sputtering source (30) and with a normal to the substrate surface (1) substantially in a predefined angle with said main lobe (20) direction. After depositing said surface layer, by uniformly etching away surface layer material deposited on said substrate by sputtering until at least a substantial part of said side face (8) is free of said surface layer (5), the predetermined pattern becomes defined substantially by the bottom face (3) of the groove or by the top face (2) of the ridge.
It is presented a solar cell structure having a first electrode layer presenting a first surface of the solar cell structure, and a second electrode layer presenting a second surface of the solar cell structure. The second surface is opposite the first surface, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are electrically connected. The solar cell structure further comprises a first doped layer, and a first intrinsic layer, the first doped layer and the first intrinsic layer being arranged between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein the second electrode layer is a first graphene layer.
H01L 31/065 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the graded gap type
H01L 31/075 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PIN type, e.g. amorphous silicon PIN solar cells
53.
A METHOD OF CONDUCTING X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY MEASUREMENTS OF PETROLEUM- CONTAINING MULTIPHASE FLOWS THROUGH A PIPE
An X-ray tomography multiphase hydrocarbon flow measurement system using broad-spectrum X-ray sources and two or more sets of sources and transversely arranged detector arrays for tomography calculation of cross- sections of the flow. A velocity profile is calculated from the cross correlation of the sets of sources and detectors. These sources and detectors are housed in a pressure vessel around a pipe with a carbon fibre pipe separating the hydrocarbon flow from the neutral, pressurized atmosphere.
G01F 1/708 - Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
G01F 1/712 - Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using auto-correlation or cross-correlation detection means
G01F 1/74 - Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
G01N 23/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid
54.
PARTICULATE, HETEROGENEOUS SOLID CO2 ABSORBENT COMPOSITION, METHOD FOR ITS PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF
A particulate, heterogeneous solid CO2 absorbent composition, comprising decomposition products of Ca3Al2O6 after having been heated to a temperature between 500 °C and 925 °C in the presence of H2O and CO2 for a period of time sufficient to allow the Ca3Al2O6 to react and form the particulate, heterogeneous absorbent composition which exhibits a higher concentration of aluminium than calcium in the particle core but a higher concentration of calcium than aluminium at the particle surface. The invention also comprises a method for preparing the particulate, heterogeneous product as well as a method for utilizing the composition for separating CO2 from a process gas.
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
This invention relates to an electronic semiconductive component comprising at least one layer (2,3) of a p-type or n-type material, wherein the layer of a said p- or n-type material is constituted by a metal hydride having a chosen dopant. The invention also relates to methods for producing the component.
H01L 31/04 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
H01L 29/24 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only inorganic semiconductor materials not provided for in groups , , or
H01L 31/0328 - Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, semiconductor materials provided for in two or more of groups
H01L 31/072 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
56.
TRACER SIMULATION TOOL AND METHOD FOR SIMULATING TRACERS IN SUB-SURFACE RESERVOIRS.
The invention concerns a method and a tool in which pre-solved reservoir simulation is used as input for sub-sequentially solving the tracer transport equations. By solving tracer transport equations in a separate step, evaluation of a particular tracer scenario can be performed in minutes. A modular tracer simulator tool capable of making tracer simulations based on input from reservoir simulations enable inter alia efficient planning of tracer injections, visualization of reservoir simulation results and conditioning of reservoir simulation models to production data.
E21B 47/10 - Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
E21B 49/00 - Testing the nature of borehole wallsFormation testingMethods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
G01V 11/00 - Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups
57.
METHOD FOR INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURE OF PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE (CaCO3) FROM CARBONATE BEARING ROCKS
Method for industrial manufacture of pure (precipitated) CaCO3 comprising providing at leas tone naturally occurring carbonate bearing rock and comminuting said rock to increase its surface area. In a first reaction zone (R1) the comminuted carbonate bearing rock is contacted with water and CO2 at a pressure higher than standard pressure, at a temperature in the range 30- 500°C and at a pH lower than 5 to thereby dissolve the carbonate. Dissolved material is conveyed from the first reaction zone (R1) to a second reaction zone (R2) held at a lower pressure than the first reaction zone and a pH higher than that of the first reaction zone, the presence of H+ ions in first and second reaction zones being caused by the reaction between CO2 and water. In the second reaction zone the calcium carbonate is precipitated at a pH higher than 5.
A virtual sensor system and method for the estimation of an amount or concentration of particulate matter resulting from natural or man made processes comprising two or more empirical models arranged for being trained using empirical data from the processes, for receiving one or more signal input values from one or more sensors of the processes and calculating a signal output value based on the signal input values where the signal output value represents an intermediate amount or concentration of particulate matter. Further a combination function is arranged for receiving the signal output values and continuously calculating the amount or concentration of PM.
G01N 15/02 - Investigating particle size or size distribution
G01N 15/00 - Investigating characteristics of particlesInvestigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
G05B 17/00 - Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
59.
CONTINUOUSLY-OPERATED METAL HYDRIDE HYDROGEN COMPRESSOR, AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME
A continuously operated metal hydride hydrogen compressor, is disclosed, in which heating / cooling of a metal hydride is provided for by a heat pumping system. The compressor comprises two or more compression modules, each of which comprising a metal hydride container with metal hydride bed thermally coupled to a heating or cooling side of a heat pumping system comprising a heating side, cooling side and heat sink side. The metal hydride containers are also connected to a gas-distributing system comprising pipelines for input of low-pressure hydrogen and output of high-pressure hydrogen, gas collectors, check valves and connecting pipelines. In use the compressor acts as a reversible heat pumping system where the heating and cooling sides periodically operate alternatively as a heater and as a cooler. Thereby, the metal hydride bed can be heated to a higher temperature promoting high pressure hydrogen desorption therefrom, or cooled to a lower-temperature promoting low pressure hydrogen absorption therein, by the same heating / cooling side of the heat-pumping system, while excessive heat is permanently removed from the heat sink side at a medium temperature level.
Method for energy economic utilization of aluminium containing rocks and mineral for manufacture and isolation of valuable minerals. The aluminium containing rocks are in a first process step comminuted and dissolved in a mixture of CO2 and water under pressure at a pH in the range 3-7 and a temperature of about 300 0C and a pressure in the range 1-150 bar, the aluminium hydroxide thereby being directly precipitated and separated from the solution together with any compounds of iron and magnesium as well as any undissolved material. Reaction products in solution comprising both SiO2 and Ca2+ ions are continuously removed from the first process step while additional CO2 and H2O are continuously added so that the reaction takes place in absence of equilibrium. SiO2 and CaCO3are precipitated in subsequent process step at a pH higher than in the first process step.
System, method and computer program screen system comprising process monitoring displays showing complex information in condensed form; the process monitoring displays comprises part-plant displays showing an overview covering selected areas of a process plant, said part-plant displays comprising diagrams with graphs over measured parameters where the diagram's scale may be changed in order to let an operator more easily observe trends in values of the measured parameters. Combined with the diagrams are one or more visual representations showing whether one or more areas of the graph has been scaled, the said visual representation of scaling indicates the range and place of the displayed ordinates relative to a larger, preset range.
This invention relates to an electronic semiconductive component comprising at least one layer (2,3) of a p-type or n-type material, wherein the layer of a said p- or n-type material is constituted by a metal hydride having a chosen dopant. The invention also relates to methods for producing the component.
H01L 29/24 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only inorganic semiconductor materials not provided for in groups , , or
H01L 31/032 - Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups
3− (M=Al, Ga, In), and one or more cations, where the material has obtained amended stability due to substitution of the complex hydride phase itself.
The invention also relates to a process for preparation of the material and use thereof, and a process for reversible hydrogen storage.
The present invention relates to a method of adding nucleation seeds in order to promote the formation of hydrate particles in a flow containing hydrocarbon fluids and water. The method comprises adding nucleation seeds at a point in the flow before the hydrate-forming area, the nucleation seeds being available for the promotion of the hydrate formation when this area is reached. The invention also relates to use of various compounds for the promotion of hydrate formation in such a fluid flow, thereby forming a transportable hydrate slurry.
The surface recombination velocity of a silicon sample is reduced by deposition of a thin hydrogenated amorphous silicon or hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide film, followed by deposition of a thin hydrogenated silicon nitride film. The surface recombination velocity is further decreased by a subsequent anneal. Silicon solar cell structures using this new method for efficient reduction of the surface recombination velocity is claimed.
H01L 31/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof
H01L 21/31 - Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniquesAfter-treatment of these layersSelection of materials for these layers
H01L 21/469 - Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniquesAfter-treatment of these layers
H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
An empirical ensemble based virtual sensor system (VS) for the estimation of an amount of a gas (G) resulting from a combustion process (CP) comprising two or more empirical models (NN1, NN2,...,NNn). The amount of gas (G) is estimated in each of the empirical models (NN1, NN2,...,NNn), and a combination function (f) combines the results from the empirical models (NN1, NN2,...,NNn) to provide a combined estimate for the amount of gas (G) that is more accurate than the estimated amount of gas from each of the individual empirical models (y1, y2,...,ym). The total performance of the virtual sensor system (VS) may be increased by increasing the number of empirical models (y1, y2,...,ym).
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operationControl specially adapted for catalytic conversion
An empirical ensemble based virtual sensor system (VS) for the estimation of a virtual sensor output value (yR) comprising two or more empirical models (NNl, NN2,...,NNn). The output value is estimated in each of the empirical models (NNl, NN2,...,NNn), and a combination function combines (f) the results from the empirical models (NNl, NN2,...,NNn) to provide a combined estimate for the virtual sensor output value (yR) that is more accurate than the estimated output value (yl, y2,...,yn) from each of the individual empirical models (NNl, NN2,...,NNn). The total performance of the virtual sensor system may be increased by increasing the number of empirical models (NNl, NN2,...,NNn).
G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
68.
THE USE OF BIPHENYL, TERPHENYL, AND FLUORENE SULPHONIC ACID BASED TRACERS FOR MONITORING STREAMS OF FLUIDS
Biphenylmono- and polysulphonic acids and salts thereof, f luorenemono- and polysulphonic acids and salts thereof as well as p-terphenylmono- and polysulphonic acids and salts thereof may be used successfully as tracers for surveying, monitoring and/or measuring movements of aqueous fluids in aqueous and/or non-aqueous media. Said substances are especially suited for surveying or monitoring movements of fluids in oil wells or reservoirs as well as for fluid movements in hydrothermal reservoirs.
The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of material of the type AlH3 in one its structure modifications or structurally related aluminium containing hydrides. The invention also relates to a material prepared by this method. The invention also relates to uses of the material for reversible or irreversible hydrogen storage, for rocket fuel, pyrotechnic components, reduction agent, metal coating and polymerization catalyst, and as starting substance for making new metal hydrides.
The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of material of the type AlH3 in one its structure modifications or structurally related aluminium containing hydrides. The invention also relates to a material prepared by this method. The invention also relates to uses of the material for reversible or irreversible hydrogen storage, for rocket fuel, pyrotechnic components, reduction agent, metal coating and polymerization catalyst, and as starting substance for making new metal hydrides.
The invention relates to a material for reversible hydrogen storage comprising a complex hydride based on one or more anions selected among BH4-, MgH3-, MH4- and MH63- (M = Al, Ga, In), and one or more cations, where the material has obtained amended stability due to substitution of the complex hydride phase itself. The invention also relates to a process for preparation of the material and use thereof, and a process for reversible hydrogen storage.
Method for industrial manufacture of pure MgCO3 comprising providing an olivine containing species of rock, to comminute the olivine containing species of rock to increase its surface, to contact the comminuted olivine containing species of rock with water and CO2. The process is conducted in at least two steps, namely a first step (R1) at a first pH where a dissolving reacting as represented by the equation: Mg2SiO4(S) + 4H+ = 2Mg2+ + SiO2(aq) + 2H2O, takes place. Then a precipitation takes place in the second step (R2) at a higher pH as represented by the equations: Mg2+ + HCO3- = MgCO3(S) + H+, and Mg2+ + CO32- = MgCO3(S), the presence of HCO3- and H+ ions mainly provided by the reaction between CO2 and water.
