Articles including durable and icephobic and/or biocidal polymeric coatings are disclosed. The polymeric coatings can include a bonding layer which may contain a substantially fully cured polymeric resin providing excellent adhesion to metallic or polymer substrates. The polymeric coating further includes an outer surface layer which is smooth, hydrophobic, biocidal and icephobic and, in addition to a substantially fully cured resin, contains silicone comprising additives near the exposed outer surface. The anisotropic polymeric coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight parts required in aerospace, automotive and sporting goods applications. A process for making the articles is disclosed as well.
Articles including anisotropic electrodeposited layers of fine-grained alloys of Co, Cu, Fe, Ni and/or Zn with minor additions of B, O, P and S that provide high strength, ductility and heat-resistance, are disclosed as well as a process for making the articles. Non-metallic additions of ≤2% are required to significantly increase the maximum temperature at which softening and grain-growth occurs. Electrodeposition conditions in a single plating cell are adjusted and/or modulated to vary at least one property in the deposit direction and/or along the length and/or width of the workpiece once, constantly or repeatedly, to form a graded and/or layered electrodeposit. Variable property metallic material deposits containing, at least in part, a fine-grained microstructure and variable property in the deposit direction and optionally multi-dimensionally, provide superior overall mechanical properties and temperature stability. Various methods and electroplating apparatuses and approaches to practice the invention are also provided.
Articles including electrodeposited layers of fine-grained alloys of Ni, Cu, Co, Fe and Zn with minor additions of B, O, P and S that provide high strength, ductility and thermal stability, are disclosed. The disclosure further relates to a process for fabricating the articles. Non-metallic additions of ≤2% are required to significantly increase the maximum temperature at which softening and grain-growth occurs. The grain-refined metallic layers or coatings are particularly suited for use in strong and lightweight parts required in aerospace, automotive and industrial applications subject to at least, at times, higher than ambient operating temperatures.
Articles including electrodeposited layers of fine-grained alloys of Ni, Cu, Co, Fe and Zn with minor additions of B, O, P and S that provide high strength, ductility and thermal stability, are disclosed. The disclosure further relates to a process for fabricating the articles. Non-metallic additions of ≤2% are required to significantly increase the maximum temperature at which softening and grain-growth occurs. The grain-refined metallic layers or coatings are particularly suited for use in strong and lightweight parts required in aerospace, automotive and industrial applications subject to at least, at times, higher than ambient operating temperatures.
Articles including anisotropic electrodeposited layers of fine-grained alloys of Co, Cu, Fe, Ni and/or Zn with minor additions of B, O, P and S that provide high strength, ductility and heat-resistance, are disclosed as well as a process for making the articles. Non-metallic additions of ≤2% are required to significantly increase the maximum temperature at which softening and grain-growth occurs. Electrodeposition conditions in a single plating cell are adjusted and/or modulated to vary at least one property in the deposit direction and/or along the length and/or width of the workpiece once, constantly or repeatedly, to form a graded and/or layered electrodeposit. Variable property metallic material deposits containing, at least in part, a fine-grained microstructure and variable property in the deposit direction and optionally multi-dimensionally, provide superior overall mechanical properties and temperature stability. Various methods and electroplating apparatuses and approaches to practice the invention are also provided.
Articles including durable and icephobic and/or biocidal polymeric coatings are disclosed. The polymeric coatings can include a bonding layer which may contain a substantially fully cured polymeric resin providing excellent adhesion to metallic or polymer substrates. The polymeric coating further includes an outer surface layer which is smooth, hydrophobic, biocidal and icephobic and, in addition to a substantially fully cured resin, contains silicone comprising additives near the exposed outer surface. The anisotropic polymeric coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight parts required in aerospace, automotive and sporting goods applications. A process for making the articles is disclosed as well.
Sacrificial inserts for use in gas turbine engines to reduce friction and wear damage between compressor fan blades and the fan rotors are disclosed. The consumable metallic shims have low friction and reduce fretting and galling on fan blade roots and fan rotor dovetail slots thereby increasing their operating lives, as well as reduce engine noise and improve engine efficiency. The electroformed, compliant, multi-purpose shims may have variable thickness and, when positioned between the blade dovetail root and the rotor disk dovetail slot, prevent movement and slippage between air foil blades and the rotor.
Articles including durable and icephobic polymeric coatings are disclosed. The polymeric coatings include a bonding layer which may contain a substantially fully cured polymeric resin providing excellent adhesion to metallic or polymer substrates. The polymeric coating further includes an outer surface layer which is smooth, hydrophobic and icephobic and, in addition to a substantially fully cured resin, contains silicone comprising additives near the exposed outer surface. The anisotropic polymeric coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight parts required in aerospace, automotive and sporting goods applications. A process for making the articles is disclosed as well.
C09D 163/00 - Coating compositions based on epoxy resinsCoating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
B32B 15/08 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
Articles including durable and icephobic and/or biocidal polymeric coatings are disclosed. The polymeric coatings can include a bonding layer which may contain a substantially fully cured polymeric resin providing excellent adhesion to metallic or polymer substrates. The polymeric coating further includes an outer surface layer which is smooth, hydrophobic, biocidal and icephobic and, in addition to a substantially fully cured resin, contains silicone comprising additives near the exposed outer surface. The anisotropic polymeric coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight parts required in aerospace, automotive and sporting goods to applications. A process for making the articles is disclosed as well.
Sacrificial inserts for use in gas turbine engines to reduce friction and wear damage between compressor fan blades and the fan rotors are disclosed. The consumable metallic shims have low friction and reduce fretting and galling on fan blade roots and fan rotor dovetail slots thereby increasing their operating lives, as well as reduce engine noise and improve engine efficiency. The electroformed, compliant, multi-purpose shims may have variable thickness and, when positioned between the blade dovetail root and the rotor disk dovetail slot, prevent movement and slippage between air foil blades and the rotor.
Sacrificial inserts for use in gas turbine engines to reduce friction and wear damage between compressor fan blades and the fan rotors are disclosed. The consumable metallic shims have low friction and reduce fretting and galling on fan blade roots and fan rotor dovetail slots thereby increasing their operating lives, as well as reduce engine noise and improve engine efficiency. The electroformed, compliant, multi-purpose shims may have variable thickness and, when positioned between the blade dovetail root and the rotor disk dovetail slot, prevent movement and slippage between air foil blades and the rotor.
Sacrificial inserts for use in gas turbine engines to reduce friction and wear damage between compressor fan blades and the fan rotors are disclosed. The consumable metallic shims have low friction and reduce fretting and galling on fan blade roots and fan rotor dovetail slots thereby increasing their operating lives, as well as reduce engine noise and improve engine efficiency. The electroformed, compliant, multi-purpose shims may have variable thickness and, when positioned between the blade dovetail root and the rotor disk dovetail slot, prevent movement and slippage between air foil blades and the rotor.
A connector forms a releasable connection of a golf club shaft and a golf club head. The connector includes a shaft-mount and a head-mount. The shaft-mount has a first threaded coupling member and a bore that is sized to securely receive the golf club shaft. The head-mount has a second threaded coupling member. The head-mount is sized to be securely received within the bore of the hosel of the golf club head. The first threaded coupling member of the shaft-mount mates with the second threaded coupling member of the head-mount to form a releasable connection of the golf club shaft and the golf club head. The first threaded coupling member of the shaft- mount has dual-handed-thread ability which allows the releasable connection to follow left- handed-thread convention and right-hand-thread convention.
A connector forms a releasable connection of a golf club shaft and a golf club head. The connector includes a shaft-mount and a head-mount. The shaft-mount has a first threaded coupling member and a bore that is sized to securely receive the golf club shaft. The head-mount has a second threaded coupling member. The head-mount is sized to be securely received within the bore of the hosel of the golf club head. The first threaded coupling member of the shaft-mount mates with the second threaded coupling member of the head-mount to form a releasable connection of the golf club shaft and the golf club head. The first threaded coupling member of the shaft-mount has dual-handed-thread ability which allows the releasable connection to follow left-handed-thread convention and right-hand-thread convention.
An apparatus and system for in-situ electropolishing and/or for in-situ electroforming a structural or functional reinforcement layer such as a sleeve of a selected metallic material on the internal surfaces of metallic tubular conduits are described. The apparatus and system can be employed on straight tubes, tube joints to different diameter tubes or face plates, tube elbows and other complex shapes encountered in piping systems. The apparatus includes components which can be independently manipulated and assembled on or near a degraded site and, after secured in place, form an electrolytic cell within the workpiece. The apparatus contains counter-electrodes which can be moved relative to the workpiece surface during the electroplating and/or electropolishing operation to provide flexibility in selecting and employing electropolishing process parameters and electroplating process parameters to design and optimize the surface roughness as well as the size, shape and properties of the electrodeposited reinforcing layer(s).
An apparatus and system for in-situ electropolishing and/or for in-situ electroforming a structural or functional reinforcement layer such as a sleeve of a selected metallic material on the internal surfaces of metallic tubular conduits are described. The apparatus and system can be employed on straight tubes, tube joints to different diameter tubes or face plates, tube elbows and other complex shapes encountered in piping systems. The apparatus includes components which can be independently manipulated and assembled on or near a degraded site and, after secured in place, form an electrolytic cell within the workpiece. The apparatus contains counter-electrodes which can be moved relative to the workpiece surface during the electroplating and/or electropolishing operation to provide flexibility in selecting and employing electropolishing process parameters and electroplating process parameters to design and optimize the surface roughness as well as the size, shape and properties of the electrodeposited reinforcing layer(s).
An apparatus and system for in-situ electropolishing and/or for in-situ electroforming a structural or functional reinforcement layer such as a sleeve of a selected metallic material on the internal surfaces of metallic tubular conduits are described. The apparatus and system can be employed on straight tubes, tube joints to different diameter tubes or face plates, tube elbows and other complex shapes encountered in piping systems. The apparatus includes components which can be independently manipulated and assembled on or near a degraded site and, after secured in place, form an electrolytic cell within the workpiece. The apparatus contains counter-electrodes which can be moved relative to the workpiece surface during the electroplating and/or electropolishing operation to provide flexibility in selecting and employing electropolishing process parameters and electroplating process parameters to design and optimize the surface roughness as well as the size, shape and properties of the electrodeposited reinforcing layer(s).
Articles including durable and icephobic polymeric coatings are disclosed. The polymeric coatings include a bonding layer which may contain a substantially fully cured polymeric resin providing excellent adhesion to metallic or polymer substrates. The polymeric coating further includes an outer surface layer which is smooth, hydrophobic and icephobic and, in addition to a substantially fully cured resin, contains silicone comprising additives near the exposed outer surface. The anisotropic polymeric coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight parts required in aerospace, automotive and sporting goods applications. A process for making the articles is disclosed as well.
B32B 15/08 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
21.
Articles comprising durable water repellent, icephobic and/or biocidal coatings
Articles including durable and icephobic and/or biocidal polymeric coatings are disclosed. The polymeric coatings can include a bonding layer which may contain a substantially fully cured polymeric resin providing excellent adhesion to metallic or polymer substrates. The polymeric coating further includes an outer surface layer which is smooth, hydrophobic, biocidal and icephobic and, in addition to a substantially fully cured resin, contains silicone comprising additives near the exposed outer surface. The anisotropic polymeric coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight parts required in aerospace, automotive and sporting goods applications. A process for making the articles is disclosed as well.
Articles including durable and icephobic and/or biocidal polymeric coatings are disclosed. The polymeric coatings can include a bonding layer which may contain a substantially fully cured polymeric resin providing excellent adhesion to metallic or polymer substrates. The polymeric coating further includes an outer surface layer which is smooth, hydrophobic, biocidal and icephobic and, in addition to a substantially fully cured resin, contains silicone comprising additives near the exposed outer surface. The anisotropic polymeric coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight parts required in aerospace, automotive and sporting goods applications. A process for making the articles is disclosed as well.
C09D 163/00 - Coating compositions based on epoxy resinsCoating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
C09K 3/18 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surface to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water theretoThawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
23.
ANTI-BACTERIAL LEG BANDS FOR THE PREVENTION OF FOOTROT, INTERDIGITAL DERMATITIS AND OTHER BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN LIVESTOCK
Durable articles applied to the body of animals containing metallic materials providing antimicrobial properties are disclosed. Articles may comprise grain-refined and/or amorphous metals, e.g., copper, cobalt, tin and zinc, or their combinations, in contact with a fluid absorbent material. Optionally the article comprises complexing agents, gelling agents, end of life indicators and the like to extend their effectiveness under various conditions and signifies depletion of their biocidally active ingredients. Articles may be leg bands, pads, bandages, band aids or wraps.
Polycrystalline materials are prepared by electrodeposition of a precursor material that is subsequently heat-treated to induce at least a threefold increase in the grain size of the material to yield a relatively high fraction of ‘special’ low Σ grain boundaries and a randomized crystallographic texture. The precursor metallic material has sufficient purity and a fine-grained microstructure (e.g., an average grain size of 4 nm to 5 μm). The resulting metallic material is suited to the fabrication of articles requiring high mechanical or physical isotropy and/or resistance to grain boundary-mediated deformation or degradation mechanisms.
C25D 3/38 - ElectroplatingBaths therefor from solutions of copper
C22F 1/08 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
C25D 5/50 - After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
A method for electrodepositing a coating/free-standing layer on a workpiece in an electrolytic cell includes moving the workpiece and an anode applicator tool having a consumable anode insert relative to each other; anodically dissolving a metal from the insert and cathodically depositing the metal on the workpiece; providing flow of electrolyte solution through the insert to ensure that greater than 90% of the anodic reaction is represented by dissolution of the metal; recirculating collected electrolyte solution exiting the electrolytic cell through the insert; applying an electric current to the electrolytic cell; maintaining a concentration of the anodically dissolved metal within ±25% of each Ampere-hour per liter of electroplating solution; and creating a cathodic electrodeposit on the workpiece which includes the anodically dissolved metal, the chemical composition of the deposit varying by less than 25% in the deposition direction over a selected thickness of up to 25 microns of the deposit.
In-vivo biodegradable medical implants, containing at least in part at least partially fine-grained metallic materials provide a strong, tough, stiff and lightweight implant. The in-vivo biodegradable implants are used in a number of stent applications, for fracture fixation, sutures and the like. The in-vivo biodegradable medical implants enable the reduction of implant size and weight and consequently result in reducing the release of implant degradation products into the body.
Grain-refined and amorphous metallic material based friction liners for braking devices as used, e.g., in motor vehicles such as cars, trucks, motorcycles, as well as bicycles and other applications requiring, at least at times, decelerating rotating parts are disclosed. Friction liners can have isotropic or anisotropic properties and the friction surfaces can optionally be rendered hydrophobic.
An article of manufacture includes a substrate having an outer surface clad with a metal construct including one or more continuous metal layers, at least one of which is an amorphous layer or a microcrystalline layer having a grain size below 5000 nm. A bonding layer is provided between the substrate and the layered metallic construct so that the bonding layer is in direct contact with the substrate and with the layered metallic construct. The bonding layer is made of a substantially fully cured resin including at least 10% of a rubber. The layered metallic construct has peel strength greater than 10N/cm. Also provided is a process for making the article including coating an article outer surface with a bonding layer and a layered metallic construct. The bonding layer is substantially fully cured before the layered metal construct is bonded to the article. The coated article is annealed.
C25D 3/12 - ElectroplatingBaths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
C25D 3/38 - ElectroplatingBaths therefor from solutions of copper
C25D 5/50 - After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
C23C 18/16 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by reduction or substitution, i.e. electroless plating
H05K 3/38 - Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal
C25D 5/18 - Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
C23C 18/20 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
29.
Method of making articles with super-hydrophobic and/or self-cleaning surfaces
Super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning articles produced by imprinting exposed surfaces with suitable fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic embossing dies to transfer a dual surface structure, including ultra-fine features less than or equal to 100 nm embedded in and overlaying a surface topography with macro-surface structures greater than or equal to 1 micron are disclosed.
Metal-clad polymer articles containing structural fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling although the CLTE of the metallic layer and the one of the substrate is mismatched. The interface between the metallic layer and the polymer is suitably pretreated to withstand thermal cycling without failure.
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 15/08 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
C25D 7/00 - Electroplating characterised by the article coated
C23C 18/16 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by reduction or substitution, i.e. electroless plating
B32B 7/12 - Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
B32B 37/24 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
B32B 37/12 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
Metal-coated polymer articles containing structural substantially porosity-free, fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein on polymer substrates, are disclosed. The substantially porosity-free metallic coatings/layers/patches are applied to polymer or polymer composite substrates to provide, enhance or restore vacuum/pressure integrity and fluid sealing functions. Due to the excellent adhesion between the metallic coating and the polymer article satisfactory thermal cycling performance is achieved. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, aerospace and automotive parts and other components exposed to thermal cycling and stress created by erosion and impact damage.
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 15/08 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
B32B 27/14 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin next to a particulate layer
B32B 27/20 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
F16L 9/147 - Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups comprising only layers of metal and plastics with or without reinforcement
B32B 15/16 - Layered products essentially comprising metal next to a particulate layer
C23C 18/20 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
C23C 18/16 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by reduction or substitution, i.e. electroless plating
B32B 5/16 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, chopped fibres, powder
Anode applicators include consumable anodes, that can be operated in a non-stationary mode and are insensitive to orientation, are used in selective plating/brush electrodeposition of coatings or free-standing components. The flow-through dimensionally- stable, consumable anodes employed are perforated/porous to provide relatively unimpeded electrolyte flow and operate at low enough electrochemical potentials to provide for anodic metal/alloy dissolution avoiding undesired anodic reactions. The consumable anodes include consumable anode material(s) in high surface area to reduce the local anodic current density. During electroplating, sufficient electrolyte is pumped through the consumable anodes at sufficient flow rates to minimize concentration gradient and/or avoid the generation of chlorine and/or oxygen gas and/or undesired reaction such as the anodic oxidation of P-bearing ions in the electrolyte. The active consumable anode material(s) can have a microstructure which is fine-grained and/or amorphous to ensure a uniform anodic dissolution.
Anode applicators include consumable anodes, that can be operated in a non-stationary mode and are insensitive to orientation, are used in selective plating/brush electrodeposition of coatings or free-standing components. The flow-through dimensionally-stable, consumable anodes employed are perforated/porous to provide relatively unimpeded electrolyte flow and operate at low enough electrochemical potentials to provide for anodic metal/alloy dissolution avoiding undesired anodic reactions. The consumable anodes include consumable anode material(s) in high surface area to reduce the local anodic current density. During electroplating, sufficient electrolyte is pumped through the consumable anodes at sufficient flow rates to minimize concentration gradient and/or avoid the generation of chlorine and/or oxygen gas and/or undesired reaction such as the anodic oxidation of P-bearing ions in the electrolyte. The active consumable anode material(s) can have a microstructure which is fine-grained and/or amorphous to ensure a uniform anodic dissolution.
Free standing articles or articles at least partially coated with substantially porosity free, fine-grained and/or amorphous Co-bearing metallic materials optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The electrodeposited metallic layers and/or patches comprising Co provide, enhance or restore strength, wear and/or lubricity of substrates without reducing the fatigue performance compared to either uncoated or equivalent thickness chromium coated substrate. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings comprising Co are particularly suited for articles exposed to thermal cycling, fatigue and other stresses and/or in applications requiring anti-microbial properties.
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 15/18 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising iron or steel
Free standing articles or articles at least partially coated with substantially porosity free, fine-grained and/or amorphous Co-bearing metallic materials optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The electrodeposited metallic layers and/or patches comprising Co provide, enhance or restore strength, wear and/or lubricity of substrates without reducing the fatigue performance. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings comprising Co are particularly suited for articles exposed to thermal cycling, fatigue and other stresses and/or in applications requiring anti-microbial properties.
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
C22C 19/07 - Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
36.
Metal-coated polymer article of high durability and vacuum and/or pressure integrity
Metal-coated polymer articles containing structural substantially porosity-free, fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein on polymer substrates, are disclosed. The substantially porosity-free metallic coatings/layers/patches are applied to polymer or polymer composite substrates to provide, enhance or restore vacuum/pressure integrity and fluid sealing functions. Due to the excellent adhesion between the metallic coating and the polymer article satisfactory thermal cycling performance is achieved. The invention can also be employed as a repair/refurbishment technique. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, aerospace and automotive parts and other components exposed to thermal cycling and stress created by erosion and impact damage.
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 15/08 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
B32B 27/14 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin next to a particulate layer
B32B 27/20 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
F16L 9/147 - Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups comprising only layers of metal and plastics with or without reinforcement
37.
ARTICLES WITH SUPER-HYDROPHOBIC AND/OR SELF-CLEANING SURFACES AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
Super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning articles produced by imprinting exposed surfaces with suitable fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic embossing dies to transfer a dual surface structure, including ultra- fine features less than or equal to 100nm embedded in and overlaying a surface topography with macro-surface structures greater than or equal to 1 micron are disclosed.
B08B 17/06 - Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape for arrangement
B29C 37/00 - Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group or
B29C 39/02 - Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressureApparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
B29C 39/14 - Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressureApparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length
B29C 43/02 - Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding materialApparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
B29C 43/22 - Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding materialApparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
Articles containing fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers on at least part of their exposed surfaces are imprinted with surface structures to raise the contact angle for water in the imprinted areas at room temperature by equal to or greater than 10°, when compared to the flat and smooth metallic material surface of the same composition.
B23P 9/00 - Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearingsFeatures of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified
C23C 30/00 - Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
C25D 5/16 - Electroplating with layers of varying thickness
C23C 18/16 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by reduction or substitution, i.e. electroless plating
39.
Articles with super-hydrophobic and/or self-cleaning surfaces and method of making same
Super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning articles produced by imprinting exposed surfaces with suitable fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic embossing dies to transfer a dual surface structure, including ultra-fine features less than or equal to 100 nm embedded in and overlaying a surface topography with macro-surface structures greater than or equal to 1 micron are disclosed.
Metal-coated polymer ar-ticles containing structural substantially porosity-free, fine-grained and/or amor-phous metallic coatings/layers optional-ly containing solid particulates dispersed therein on polymer substrates, are dis-closed. The substantially porosity-free metallic coatings/layers/patches are ap-plied to polymer or polymer composite substrates to provide, enhance or restore vacuum/pressure integrity and fluid seal-ing functions. Due to the excellent adhe-sion between the metallic coating and the polymer article satisfactory thermal cycling performance is achieved. The in-vention can also be employed as a re-pair/refurbishment technique. The fine--grained and/or amorphous metallic coat-ings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, aerospace and automotive parts and other components exposed to thermal cycling and stress created by erosion and impact damage.
C23C 16/06 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
41.
ANODICALLY ASSISTED CHEMICAL ETCHING OF CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS AND POLYMER COMPOSITES
A novel activation/etch method is disclosed for conductive poly-mer substrates and conductive polymer composite substrates to achieve good ad-hesion to subsequently applied coatings. The method in a preferred case involves anodically polarizing conductive poly-mers/polymer composites in aqueous etch-ing solutions.
C08J 7/043 - Improving the adhesiveness of the coatings per se, e.g. forming primers
C08J 7/06 - Coating with compositions not containing macromolecular substances
C08L 101/12 - Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
C23C 14/02 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated
C23C 16/02 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated
Free standing articles or articles at least partially coated with substantially porosity free, fine-grained and/or amorphousCo-bearing metallic materials optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The electrodeposited metallic layers and/or patches comprising Co provide, enhance or restore strength, wear and/or lubricity of substrates without reducing the fatigue performance compared to either uncoated or equivalent thickness Cr coated substrate. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings comprising Co are particularly suited for articles exposed to thermal cycling, fatigue and other stressesand/or in applications requiring anti-microbial and hydrophobic properties.
A novel activation/etch method is disclosed for conductive polymer substrates and conductive polymer composite substrates to achieve good adhesion to subsequently applied coatings. The method in a preferred case involves anodically polarizing conductive polymers/polymer composites in aqueous etching solutions.
C08K 3/00 - Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
C08L 101/12 - Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
Metal-clad polymer articles containing structural fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling although the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) of the metallic layer and the substrate are mismatched. The interface between the metallic layer and the polymer is suitably pretreated to withstand thermal cycling without failure.
B32B 15/08 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
C23C 16/06 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
Free standing articles or articles at least partially coated with substantially porosity free, fine-grained and/or amorphous Co-bearing metallic materials optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The electrodeposited metallic layers and/or patches comprising Co provide, enhance or restore strength, wear and/or lubricity of substrates without reducing the fatigue performance compared to either uncoated or equivalent thickness Cr coated substrate. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings comprising Co are particularly suited for articles exposed to thermal cycling, fatigue and other stresses and/or in applications requiring anti-microbial and hydrophobic properties.
Metal-clad polymer articles containing structural fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling although the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) of the metallic layer and the substrate are mismatched. The interface between the metallic layer and the polymer is suitably pretreated to withstand thermal cycling without failure.
B32B 15/08 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
C23C 16/06 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
47.
METAL-COATED POLYMER ARTICLE OF HIGH DURABILITY AND VACUUM AND/OR PRESSURE INTEGRITY
Metal-coated polymer articles containing structural substantially porosity-free, fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein on polymer substrates, are disclosed. The substantially porosity-free metallic coatings/layers/patches are applied to polymer or polymer composite substrates to provide, enhance or restore vacuum/pressure integrity and fluid sealing functions. Due to the excellent adhesion between the metallic coating and the polymer article satisfactory thermal cycling performance is achieved. The invention can also be employed as a repair/refurbishment technique. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, aerospace and automotive parts and other components exposed to thermal cycling and stress created by erosion and impact damage.
C23C 16/06 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
Metal-clad polymer articles containing structural fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling although the CLTE of the metallic layer and the one of the substrate is mismatched. The interface between the metallic layer and the polymer is suitably pretreated to withstand thermal cycling without failure.
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 15/08 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
B32B 37/00 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
C23C 30/00 - Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
C25D 5/56 - Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces of plastics
C25D 3/12 - ElectroplatingBaths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
An article includes an electrodeposited metallic material including Co with a minimum content of 75% by weight. The metallic material has a microstructure which is fine-grained with an average grain size between 2 and 5,000 nm and/or an amorphous microstructure. The metallic material forms at least part of an exposed surface of the article. The metallic material has an inherent contact angle for water of less than 90 degrees at room temperature when measured on a smooth exposed surface portion of the metallic material which has a maximum surface roughness Ra of 0.25 microns. The metallic material has an exposed patterned surface portion having surface structures having a height of between at least 5 microns to about 100 microns incorporated therein to increase the contact angle for water at room temperature of the exposed patterned surface portion to over 100 degrees.
B32B 3/02 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
C22C 19/07 - Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
C25D 5/48 - After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
C25D 3/12 - ElectroplatingBaths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
Metal-clad polymer articles containing structural fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling although the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) of the metallic layer and the substrate are mismatched. The interface between the metallic layer and the polymer is suitably pretreated to withstand thermal cycling without failure.
B32B 3/30 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layerLayered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. grooved, ribbed
B32B 15/08 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
C25D 5/56 - Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces of plastics
B05D 3/00 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
C23C 16/02 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated
C25D 5/54 - Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces
C23C 14/02 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated
C23C 18/18 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated
51.
Anodically assisted chemical etching of conductive polymers and polymer composites
A novel activation/etch method is disclosed for conductive polymer substrates and conductive polymer composite substrates to achieve good adhesion to subsequently applied coatings. The method in a preferred case involves anodically polarizing conductive polymers/polymer composites in aqueous etching solutions.
B05D 3/10 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
B05D 3/12 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
B05D 3/00 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
52.
Electrodeposited metallic-materials comprising cobalt on iron-alloy substrates with enhanced fatigue performance
Free standing articles or articles at least partially coated with substantially porosity free, fine-grained and/or amorphous Co-bearing metallic materials optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The electrodeposited metallic layers and/or patches comprising Co provide, enhance or restore strength, wear and/or lubricity of substrates without reducing the fatigue performance compared to either uncoated or equivalent thickness chromium coated substrate. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings comprising Co are particularly suited for articles exposed to thermal cycling, fatigue and other stresses and/or in applications requiring anti-microbial properties.
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 15/18 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising iron or steel
Metal plated organic polymer compositions are useful as vehicular electronic and electrical housings. Such housings may have lighter weight, better strength and/or stiffer and may be more easily made than conventional housings.
In-vivo biodegradable medical implants, containing at least in part at least partially fine-grained metallic materials that are strong, tough, stiff and lightweight, are disclosed. The in-vivo biodegradable implants are used in a number of stent applications, for fracture fixation, sutures and the like. The in-vivo biodegradable medical implants enable the reduction of implant size and weight and consequently result in reducing the release of implant degradation products into the body.
A61L 31/14 - Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
A61L 17/10 - At least partly resorbable materials containing macromolecular materials
A61L 27/44 - Composite materials, i.e. layered or containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix
A61L 27/58 - Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
A61L 31/12 - Composite materials, i.e. layered or containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
A61L 31/18 - Materials at least partially X-ray or laser opaque
A61F 2/82 - Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
In-vivo biodegradable medical implants, containing at least in part at least partially fine-grained metallic materials that are strong, tough, stiff and lightweight, are disclosed. The in-vivo biodegradable implants are used in a number of stent applications, for fracture fixation, sutures and the like. The in-vivo biodegradable medical implants enable the reduction of implant size and weight and consequently result in reducing the release of implant degradation products into the body.
An apparatus and method is disclosed for simultaneously electroplating at least two parts in a series electrical configuration in an electroplating system using a shared electrolyte with excellent consistency in thickness profiles, coating weights and coating microstructure. Parts in high volume and at low capital and operating cost are produced as coatings or in free-standing form.
C25D 5/18 - Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
C25D 5/02 - Electroplating of selected surface areas
C25D 17/28 - Apparatus for electrolytic coating of small objects in bulk with means for moving the objects individually through the apparatus during the treatment
C25D 5/00 - Electroplating characterised by the processPretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
C25D 21/10 - Agitating of electrolytesMoving of racks
An apparatus and method is disclosed for simultaneously electroplating at least two parts in a series electrical configuration in an electroplating system using a shared electrolyte with excellent consistency in thickness profiles, coating weights and coating microstructure. Parts in high volume and at low capital and operating cost are produced as coatings or in free-standing form.
Variable property deposit, at least partially of fine-grained metallic material, optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, is disclosed. The electrodeposition conditions in a single plating cell are suitably adjusted to once or repeatedly vary at least one property in the deposit direction. In one embodiment denoted multidimension grading, property variation along the length and/or width of the deposit is also provided. Variable property metallic material deposits containing at least in part a fine-grained microstructure and vari-able property in the deposit direction and optionally multidimensionally, provide superior overall mechanical properties compared to monolithic fine-grained (average grain size: >20 micron) or entirely amorphous metallic material deposits.
Variable property deposit, at least partially of fine-grained metallic material, optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, is disclosed. The electrodeposition conditions in a single plating cell are suitably adjusted to once or repeatedly vary at least one property in the deposit direction. In one embodiment denoted multidimension grading, property variation along the length and/or width of the deposit is also provided. Variable property metallic material deposits containing at least in part a fine-grained microstructure and variable property in the deposit direction and optionally multidimensionally, provide superior overall mechanical properties compared to monolithic fine-grained (average grain size: ᡶ20 micron) or entirely amorphous metallic material deposits.
Variable property deposit, at least partially of fine-grained metallic material, optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, is disclosed. The electrodeposition conditions in a single plating cell are suitably adjusted to once or repeatedly vary at least one property in the deposit direction. In one embodiment denoted multidimension grading, property variation along the length and/or width of the deposit is also provided. Variable property metallic material deposits containing at least in part a fine-grained microstructure and variable property in the deposit direction and optionally multidimensionally, provide superior overall mechanical properties compared to monolithic fine-grained (average grain size: 2 nm-5 micron), entirely coarse-grained (average grain size: >20 micron) or entirely amorphous metallic material deposits.
C25D 5/02 - Electroplating of selected surface areas
C25D 5/08 - Electroplating with moving electrolyte, e.g. jet electroplating
C25D 5/10 - Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
C25D 5/14 - Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
C25D 5/16 - Electroplating with layers of varying thickness
C25D 15/00 - Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
C25D 21/10 - Agitating of electrolytesMoving of racks
Polycrystalline materials are prepared by electrodeposition of a precursor material that is subsequently heat-treated to induce at least a threefold increase in the grain size of the material to yield a relatively high fraction of 'special' low Σ grain boundaries and a randomized crystallographic texture. The precursor metallic material has sufficient purity and a fine-grained microstructure (e.g., an average grain size of 4 nm to 5 µm). The resulting metallic material is suited to the fabrication of articles requiring high mechanical or physical isotropy and/or resistance to grain boundary-mediated deformation or degradation mechanisms.
Structural parts of portable electronic devices are made from a synthetic resin coated with a metal. The parts are lightweight while having good physical properties such as stiffness. They are useful devices such as cell phones, portable DVD players, and personal digital assistants.
B05D 5/12 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a coating with specific electrical properties
B32B 27/08 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin of a different kind
63.
ARTICLE COMPRISING A FINE-GRAINED METALLIC MATERIAL AND A POLYMERIC MATERIAL
Lightweight articles comprising a polymeric material at least partially coated with a fine-grained metallic material are disclosed. The fine-grained metallic material has an average grain size of 2nm to 5,000nm, a thickness between 25 micron and 5cm, and a hardness between 200VHN and 3,000 VHN. The lightweight articles are strong and ductile and exhibit high coefficients of restitution and a high stiffness and are particularly suitable for a variety of applications including aerospace and automotive parts, sporting goods, and the like.
B22F 5/00 - Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
B22F 7/02 - Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting of composite layers
B32B 15/08 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
B32B 33/00 - Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatingsLayered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
F42B 12/72 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
64.
STRONG, LIGHTWEIGHT ARTICLE CONTAINING A FINE-GRAINED METALLIC LAYER
Articles for automotive, aerospace, manufacturing and defence industry applications including shafts or tubes used, for example, as golf club shafts, ski and hiking poles, fishing rods or bicycle frames, skate blades and snowboards are at least partially coated with an electrodeposited metal, metal alloy or metal matrix composite coating layer. The coating layer having a quasi-isotropic microstructure, a thickness of higher than 30~m and an average grain size between 0.004~m and 10~m. The coating layer provides articles of high resilience, high yield strength, scratch and wear resistance and hardness, and appealing appearance.
B22F 7/04 - Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
B32B 15/00 - Layered products essentially comprising metal
C08J 7/06 - Coating with compositions not containing macromolecular substances
Fine-grained (average grain size 1nm to 1,000nm) metallic coatings optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein are disclosed. The fine-grained metallic materials are significantly harder and stronger than conventional coatings of the same chemical composition due to Hall-Petch strengthening and have low linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs). The invention provides means for matching the CTE of the fine-grained metallic coating to the one of the substrate by adjusting the composition of the alloy and/or by varying the chemistry and volume fraction of particulates embedded in the coating. The fine-grained metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling. The low CTEs and the ability to match the CTEs of the fine-grained metallic coatings with the CTEs of the substrate minimize dimensional changes during thermal cycling and prevent premature failure.
C23C 14/06 - Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
C23C 16/00 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
C23C 24/04 - Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
C23C 30/00 - Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
C25D 7/00 - Electroplating characterised by the article coated
patents
