Abstract

Chemical recycling of oil-filled and/or extracted polyolefin materials that result from extrudate, trim, or roll waste during the manufacture of "wet process" polyolefin separators used in Li-ion batteries is disclosed herein. The oil-filled or extracted polyethylene can be subjected to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to convert the waste into a pyrolyzed hydrocarbon oil. The resultant oil can be re-used in the manufacture of polyethylene separators, or it can be used as an input to a cracking tower and converted into naphtha or ethylene for use in the polymerization of polyethylene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
• C08J 11/04 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
• B29B 17/04 - Disintegrating plastics
• B29B 17/00 - Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics

Abstract

Ceramic-coated, microporous polyolefin membranes having a contrast agent incorporated into the polyolefin membrane or the ceramic coating are disclosed herein. The contrast agent can include a dye, pigment, inorganic oxide, and/or other material that imparts color to the membrane or coating. The contrast agent enables one to easily determine which side of the membrane includes the ceramic coating. Such ceramic-coated, polyolefin membranes can be used as separators to improve the manufacturability, performance, and safety of energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
• H01M 50/491 - Porosity
• H01M 50/403 - Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
• H01M 50/417 - Polyolefins
• H01M 50/434 - Ceramics
• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 69/12 - Composite membranesUltra-thin membranes
• B01D 71/02 - Inorganic material
• C08J 7/04 - Coating
• C08K 3/22 - OxidesHydroxides of metals
• C09D 7/41 - Organic pigmentsOrganic dyes

Abstract

A coated separator includes a microporous polyolefin base membrane having a first base surface and a second base surface opposite the first base surface. The coated separator includes a first inorganic coating disposed on at least a portion of the first base surface and, optionally, a second inorganic coating disposed on at least a portion of the second base surface. Each of the first inorganic coating and the optional second inorganic coating includes a plurality of inorganic particles. The coated separator also includes a first adhesive coating disposed on at least a portion of the first inorganic coating and, optionally, a second adhesive coating disposed on at least a portion of the optional second inorganic coating. Each adhesive coating includes at least one adhesive.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
• H01M 50/403 - Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
• H01M 50/417 - Polyolefins
• H01M 50/431 - Inorganic material
• H01M 50/443 - Particulate material
• H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
• H01M 50/46 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
• H01M 50/497 - Ionic conductivity
• H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
• H01M 4/04 - Processes of manufacture in general

Abstract

A multilayer microporous polyolefin film in which at least one layer is highly filled with inorganic particles such that the film exhibits good in-plane dimensional stability (i.e., low shrinkage) at temperatures both above and below the melting point of the polymer matrix is disclosed herein. A second extruded polyolefin layer is chosen such that its porosity and the overall permeability of the multilayer film will decrease above the melting point of the polymer matrix. The layers of the multilayer film are cohesively bonded and such films can be used as separators to improve the manufacturability, performance, and safety of energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries.

IPC Classes  ?

• B32B 27/32 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
• B32B 5/32 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous both layers being foamed or specifically porous
• H01M 50/403 - Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
• C08J 9/00 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof

Abstract

Methods of reducing acid stratification with an acid-soluble and acid-stable polymer with a high molecular weight are disclosed herein. Electrolytes and separators for an energy storage device are disclosed herein. The separator includes a coating containing an acid-soluble and acid-stable polymer with a high molecular weight. The electrolyte includes sulfuric acid and an acid-soluble and acid-stable polymer with a high molecular weight. Methods of making the separators disclosed herein and methods of making batteries are also disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 10/0565 - Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
• H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
• H01M 50/414 - Synthetic resins, e.g. .thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
• H01M 50/417 - Polyolefins
• H01M 50/42 - Acrylic resins
• H01M 50/423 - Polyamide resins
• H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
• H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
• H01M 50/457 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
• H01M 50/491 - Porosity

Abstract

Infection control or protective clothing articles, such as gowns, to be worn by healthcare workers in a medical environment, for example a hospital or assisted living facility are disclosed. The articles are formed of a hydrophobic, breathable, poly-olefin-based web with a controlled pore size less than or about equal to the size of most bacterial or viral particles. The articles can also be made from composites including the polyolefin-based web. Methods of manufacturing the articles are also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• A41D 13/12 - Surgeons' or patients' gowns or dresses
• A41D 31/102 - Waterproof and breathable
• D04H 1/4291 - Olefin series

Abstract

An environmentally friendly closed loop manufacturing process (101, 102) produces microporous membranes (32) by cast or extrusion of polymer-plasticizer mixtures followed by non-porous film formation (20), extraction (22) of the plasticizer using an azeotrope solvent and thereby forming a solvent-laden sheet and a mixture of plasticizer and azeotrope solvent, distillation (28) of the mixture to separate the plasticizer and azeotrope solvent for reuse, evaporation (30) of the azeotrope solvent from the solvent-laden sheet to form the micropores, and capture of the resultant solvent vapor for subsequent adsorption-desorption of the azeotrope solvent from activated carbon (34) or by vapor condensation (36) for reuse in the manufacturing process. The azeotrope solvent is at least a two-component mixture of solvents, one of which is designed for efficient removal of the plasticizer, while the other component(s) render(s) the azeotrope solvent non-flammable.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 69/06 - Flat membranes
• B01D 71/26 - Polyalkenes
• H01M 50/403 - Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
• H01M 50/417 - Polyolefins
• H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape

Abstract

Halogen-free, microporous polyolefin membranes are disclosed herein. The halogen-free, microporous polyolefin membranes can be manufactured using an environmentally friendly manufacturing process that includes extrusion of polymer-plasticizer mixtures followed by sheet formation and extraction of the plasticizer with a halogen-free solvent. The halogen-free solvent has a flashpoint greater than about 23° C. and an initial boiling point at least about 50° C. lower than the flashpoint of the plasticizer. The process can further be a closed loop process in which the halogen-free solvent can be reused.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 71/26 - Polyalkenes
• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a process for the formation of freestanding, biaxially-oriented, microporous polyolefin films. In this approach, at least two separate oil-filled, cast or calendered films are stacked on top of each other and then subjected to biaxial orientation, followed by solvent extraction of the process oil (i.e., plasticizer), evaporation of the solvent, and heat stabilization prior to separation into individual microporous membranes that are wound into rolls.

IPC Classes  ?

• B32B 27/32 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
• B29C 48/40 - Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
• B32B 27/08 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin of a different kind
• H01M 50/417 - Polyolefins
• C08L 23/06 - Polyethene
• H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
• H01M 10/058 - Construction or manufacture

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a continuous process for coating microporous polyolefin webs with a ceramic composition or slurry, followed by drying at an elevated temperature while being restrained in the transverse direction. Such webs can be used to improve the manufacturability, performance, and safety of energy storage devices such as lithium batteries.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 50/406 - MouldingEmbossingCutting
• H01M 50/403 - Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
• H01M 50/491 - Porosity

Abstract

Halogen-free, microporous polyolefin membranes are disclosed herein. The halogen-free, microporous polyolefin membranes can be manufactured using an environmentally friendly manufacturing process that includes extrusion of polymer-plasticizer mixtures followed by sheet formation and extraction of the plasticizer with a halogen-free solvent. The halogen-free solvent has a flashpoint greater than about 23° C. and an initial boiling point at least about 50° C. lower than the flashpoint of the plasticizer. The process can further be a closed loop process in which the halogen-free solvent can be reused.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 71/26 - Polyalkenes
• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the formation of a freestanding, microporous polyolefin membrane that exhibits both high temperature dimensional stability and acid-scavenging capability. Such membranes can include hydrotalcite particles that can contribute to high temperature dimensional stability and acid scavenging. Such membranes can be used to improve the manufacturability, performance (e.g., cycle life), and safety of energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 50/491 - Porosity
• H01M 50/40 - SeparatorsMembranesDiaphragmsSpacing elements inside cells
• B29C 55/12 - Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a dieApparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
• C08J 3/20 - Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
• C08J 5/18 - Manufacture of films or sheets
• C08J 9/28 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
• C08K 3/36 - Silica
• C08K 5/01 - Hydrocarbons
• C08L 23/06 - Polyethene
• H01M 50/409 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material

Abstract

This disclosure relates to free-standing, composite membranes that include an ion-selective polymer coating that covers at least one surface and partially penetrates into the pore structure of a polyolefin substrate. While the composite membranes do not have open, interconnected pores that connect each major surface, ion transport can take place through wetting of available pores and swelling of the ion-selective polymer coating accompanied by ion migration from one membrane surface to the opposite surface. Such composite membranes are useful for separating the anolyte and catholyte in a flow battery.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 8/0245 - Composites in the form of layered or coated products
• H01M 8/18 - Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
• H01M 8/0239 - Organic resinsOrganic polymers
• H01M 8/0243 - Composites in the form of mixtures
• H01M 8/0236 - GlassCeramicsCermets
• H01M 8/0234 - Carbonaceous material

Abstract

This disclosure relates to battery separators for use in lead acid batteries. In particular, the disclosure relates to nonporous polymer sheets in which the porosity manifests itself after cavitation and/or biaxial stretching to form a microporous membrane. The disclosure also relates to nonporous polymer sheets in which the porosity manifests itself after dissolution of an acid soluble filler to form a microporous membrane. In addition to meeting all battery performance requirements, these microporous membranes eliminate environmental and health concerns because they do not require the use of an organic solvent during their production.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
• H01M 50/491 - Porosity
• H01M 50/417 - Polyolefins
• H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
• H01M 50/403 - Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms

Abstract

Laminable microporous polymer webs wish good dimensional stability are disclosed herein. Methods of making and using laminable microporous polymer webs with good dimensional stability are also disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 50/44 - Fibrous material
• H01M 50/403 - Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
• H01M 50/431 - Inorganic material
• H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
• H01M 50/417 - Polyolefins
• H01M 50/426 - Fluorocarbon polymers
• H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
• H01M 50/411 - Organic material

Abstract

Spill-resistant gels with fragrance immobilized within a covalently cross-linked matrix and composites containing the spill-resistant gels are disclosed herein. The covalently cross-linked gel provides low diffusive resistance, but high spill resistance.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61L 9/04 - Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
• A61L 9/012 - Deodorant compositions characterised by being in a special form, e.g. gels, emulsions
• A61L 9/12 - Apparatus, e.g. holders, therefor

Abstract

Halogen-free, microporous polyolefin membranes are disclosed herein. The halogen-free, microporous polyolefin membranes can be manufactured using an environmentally friendly manufacturing process that includes extrusion of polymer-plasticizer mixtures followed by sheet formation and extraction of the plasticizer with a halogen-free solvent. The halogen-free solvent has a flashpoint greater than about 23 °C and an initial boiling point at least about 50 °C lower than the flashpoint of the plasticizer. The process can further be a closed loop process in which the halogen-free solvent can be reused.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08J 5/18 - Manufacture of films or sheets
• C08J 9/28 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
• C08K 3/013 - Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
• C08K 3/36 - Silica
• C08K 5/00 - Use of organic ingredients
• C08L 23/00 - Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bondCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
• C08L 23/06 - Polyethene
• B29C 55/12 - Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a dieApparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial

Abstract

122) produces microporous membranes (32) by cast or extrusion of polymer-plasticizer mixtures followed by non-porous film formation (20), extraction (22) of the plasticizer using an azeotrope solvent and thereby forming a solvent-laden sheet and a mixture of plasticizer and azeotrope solvent, distillation (28) of the mixture to separate the plasticizer and azeotrope solvent for reuse, evaporation (30) of the azeotrope solvent from the solvent-laden sheet to form the micropores, and capture of the resultant solvent vapor for subsequent adsorption-desorption of the azeotrope solvent from activated carbon (34) or by vapor condensation (36) for reuse in the manufacturing process. The azeotrope solvent is at least a two-component mixture of solvents, one of which is designed for efficient removal of the plasticizer, while the other component(s) render(s) the azeotrope solvent non-flammable.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 3/36 - Azeotropic distillation
• B01D 11/04 - Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B29C 48/16 - Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
• B29C 48/275 - Recovery or reuse of energy or materials
• C09K 5/02 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
• C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa

Abstract

Infection control or protective clothing articles, such as gowns, to be worn by healthcare workers in a medical environment, for example a hospital or assisted living facility are disclosed. The articles are formed of a hydrophobic, breathable, polyolefin-based web with a controlled pore size less than or about equal to the size of most bacterial or viral particles. The articles can also be made from composites including the polyolefin-based web. Methods of manufacturing the articles are also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• A41D 13/12 - Surgeons' or patients' gowns or dresses
• D04H 1/4291 - Olefin series

Abstract

This disclosure relates to free-standing, composite membranes that include an ion-selective polymer coating that covers at least one surface and partially penetrates into the pore structure of a polyolefin substrate. While the composite membranes do not have open, interconnected pores that connect each major surface, ion transport can take place through wetting of available pores and swelling of the ion-selective polymer coating accompanied by ion migration from one membrane surface to the opposite surface. Such composite membranes are useful for separating the anolyte and catholyte in a flow battery.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/94 - Non-porous diffusion electrodes, e.g. palladium membranes, ion exchange membranes
• H01M 4/88 - Processes of manufacture
• H01M 50/417 - Polyolefins
• H01M 50/40 - SeparatorsMembranesDiaphragmsSpacing elements inside cells
• H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material

Abstract

This disclosure relates to battery separators for use in lead acid batteries. In particular, the disclosure relates to nonporous polymer sheets in which the porosity manifests itself after cavitation and/or biaxial stretching to form a microporous membrane. The disclosure also relates to nonporous polymer sheets in which the porosity manifests itself after dissolution of an acid soluble filler to form a microporous membrane. In addition to meeting all battery performance requirements, these microporous membranes eliminate environmental and health concerns because they do not require the use of an organic solvent during their production.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
• B01D 69/12 - Composite membranesUltra-thin membranes
• B01J 20/10 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
• B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
• C08L 23/12 - Polypropene

Abstract

Rolls of battery separator material and related methods are disclosed. A roll of battery separator material includes a core including an outside surface, a separator material rolled around the core, and a friction enhancing surface on at least a portion of the outside surface of the core to prevent the separator material from lateral migration relative to the outside surface of the core.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
• H01M 10/12 - Construction or manufacture
• H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
• H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure

Abstract

Spill-resistant gels with fragrance immobilized within a covalently cross-linked matrix and composites containing the spill-resistant gels are disclosed herein. The covalently cross-linked gel provides low diffusive resistance, but high spill resistance.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61L 9/12 - Apparatus, e.g. holders, therefor
• A01M 1/20 - Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
• A01N 25/34 - Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other group of this main group

Abstract

A thin, freestanding, microporous polyolefin web with good heat resistance and dimensional stability includes an inorganic surface layer. A first preferred embodiment is a microporous polyolefin base membrane in which colloidal inorganic particles are present in its bulk structure. Each of second and third preferred embodiments is a thin, freestanding microporous polyolefin web that has an inorganic surface layer containing no organic hydrogen bonding component for the inorganic particles. The inorganic surface layer of the second embodiment is achieved by hydrogen bonding with use of an inorganic acid, and the inorganic surface layer of the third embodiment is achieved by one or both of hydrogen bonding and chemical reaction of the surface groups on the inorganic particles.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08J 5/18 - Manufacture of films or sheets
• C08J 7/04 - Coating
• C08J 7/043 - Improving the adhesiveness of the coatings per se, e.g. forming primers
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
• H01M 50/406 - MouldingEmbossingCutting
• H01M 50/417 - Polyolefins
• H01M 50/431 - Inorganic material
• H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
• H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
• H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties

Abstract

Methods of reducing acid stratification with an acid-soluble and acid-stable polymer with a high molecular weight are disclosed herein. Electrolytes and separators for an energy storage device are disclosed herein. The separator includes a coating containing an acid-soluble and acid-stable polymer with a high molecular weight. The electrolyte includes sulfuric acid and an acid-soluble and acid-stable polymer with a high molecular weight. Methods of making the separators disclosed herein and methods of making batteries are also disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 10/0565 - Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• H01M 50/417 - Polyolefins
• H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
• H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
• H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
• H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
• H01M 50/414 - Synthetic resins, e.g. .thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
• H01M 50/42 - Acrylic resins
• H01M 50/423 - Polyamide resins
• H01M 50/457 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
• H01M 50/491 - Porosity

Abstract

Multi-layer structures are disclosed herein containing a microporous polymer web having two major surfaces and an inorganic material including nano- and micro-particles formed as a first porous layer on one or both of the major surfaces of the microporous polymer web. The first porous layer provides high-temperature dimensional stability and preserved multi-layer structure above the melting point of the microporous polymer web even as fluid permeability of the unitary multi-layer structure is decreased at elevated temperature. The first porous layer has improved peel strength as compared to an equivalent layer devoid of nanoparticles.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material

Abstract

Rolls of battery separator material and related methods are disclosed. A roll of battery separator material includes a core including an outside surface, a separator material rolled around the core, and a friction enhancing surface on at least a portion of the outside surface of the core to prevent the separator material from lateral migration relative to the outside surface of the core.

IPC Classes  ?

• B65H 75/26 - Arrangements for preventing slipping of winding
• B65H 75/02 - Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans
• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
• H01G 11/52 - Separators

Abstract

The disclosed porous membranes and freestanding composites containing the porous membranes have a solution-cast three-dimensional polymer matrix defining interconnecting pores that provide overall first major surface-to-second major surface fluid permeability. The porous membranes and freestanding composites can be used to separate lead-acid battery electrodes. The porous membranes and freestanding composites can have high porosity and low electrical resistance while having both excellent flexibility and mechanical strength. This can reduce the probability of damage to the separators during battery assembly and also allow production of battery separators with a high overall height, but a minimal backweb thickness.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 50/411 - Organic material
• H01M 50/403 - Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
• H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
• H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure

Abstract

Laminable microporous polymer webs with good dimensional stability are disclosed herein. Methods of making and using laminable microporous polymer webs with good dimensional stability are also disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 50/403 - Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
• H01M 50/44 - Fibrous material
• H01M 50/411 - Organic material
• H01M 50/431 - Inorganic material
• H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure

Abstract

Methods of reducing acid stratification with an acid-soluble and acid-stable polymer with a high molecular weight are disclosed herein. Electrolytes and separators for an energy storage device are disclosed herein. The separator includes a coating containing an acid-soluble and acid-stable polymer with a high molecular weight. The electrolyte includes sulfuric acid and an acid-soluble and acid-stable polymer with a high molecular weight. Methods of making the separators disclosed herein and methods of making batteries are also disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/14 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements
• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
• B29C 48/08 - Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films

Abstract

Multi-layer structures are disclosed herein containing a microporous polymer web having two major surfaces and an inorganic material including nano- and micro-particles formed as a first porous layer on one or both of the major surfaces of the microporous polymer web. The first porous layer provides high-temperature dimensional stability and preserved multi-layer structure above the melting point of the microporous polymer web even as fluid permeability of the unitary multi-layer structure is decreased at elevated temperature. The first porous layer has improved peel strength as compared to an equivalent layer devoid of nanoparticles.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 10/05 - Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
• H01M 10/058 - Construction or manufacture

Abstract

An electrically conductive porous composite composed of an expanded microsphere matrix binding a material composition having electrical conductivity properties to form an electrically conductive porous composite is disclosed herein. An energy storage device incorporating the electrically conductive porous composite is also disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/66 - Selection of materials
• H01M 4/80 - Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
• H01G 11/26 - Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
• H01G 11/86 - Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
• H01M 4/76 - Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
• H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material

Abstract

An electrically conductive porous composite composed of an expanded microsphere matrix binding a material composition having electrical conductivity properties to form an electrically conductive porous composite is disclosed herein. An energy storage device incorporating the electrically conductive porous composite is also disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08K 7/24 - Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
• C08K 3/01 - Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterised by their specific function
• H01M 4/13 - Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulatorsProcesses of manufacture thereof

Abstract

A solidified, conformable porous composite having interconnected pores and containing thermally-expanded polymer microspheres and a particulate filler material is disclosed herein. An energy storage device containing a solidified, conformable porous composite having interconnected pores and comprising thermally-expanded polymer microspheres and particulate filler material is disclosed herein. A method of making a solidified, conformable porous composite in which no solvent is introduced into and extracted from the composite in the formation of pores is disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08J 9/00 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof
• C08J 9/22 - After-treatment of expandable particlesForming foamed products
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
• H01M 10/06 - Lead-acid accumulators
• H01M 50/411 - Organic material
• H01M 50/417 - Polyolefins
• H01M 50/431 - Inorganic material
• H01M 50/437 - Glass
• H01M 50/44 - Fibrous material
• H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
• H01M 50/491 - Porosity
• C08J 9/32 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof from compositions containing microballoons, e.g. syntactic foams

Abstract

The disclosed porous membranes and freestanding composites containing the porous membranes have a solution-cast three-dimensional polymer matrix defining interconnecting pores that provide overall first major surface-to-second major surface fluid permeability. The porous membranes and freestanding composites can be used to separate lead-acid battery electrodes. The porous membranes and freestanding composites can have high porosity and low electrical resistance while having both excellent flexibility and mechanical strength. This can reduce the probability of damage to the separators during battery assembly and also allow production of battery separators with a high overall height, but a minimal backweb thickness.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/14 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements
• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
• H01M 2/18 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the shape
• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus

Abstract

A thin, freestanding, microporous polyolefin web with good heat resistance and dimensional stability includes an inorganic surface layer. A first preferred embodiment is a microporous polyolefin base membrane in which colloidal inorganic particles are present in its bulk structure. Each of second and third preferred embodiments is a thin, freestanding microporous polyolefin web that has an inorganic surface layer containing no organic hydrogen bonding component for the inorganic particles. The inorganic surface layer of the second embodiment is achieved by hydrogen bonding with use of an inorganic acid, and the inorganic surface layer of the third embodiment is achieved by one or both of hydrogen bonding and chemical reaction of the surface groups on the inorganic particles.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08J 5/18 - Manufacture of films or sheets
• C08J 7/04 - Coating
• H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
• H01M 50/403 - Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
• H01M 50/411 - Organic material
• H01M 50/431 - Inorganic material
• H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
• C08J 7/043 - Improving the adhesiveness of the coatings per se, e.g. forming primers
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries

Abstract

A solidified, conformable porous composite having interconnected pores and containing thermally-expanded polymer microspheres and a particulate filler material is disclosed herein. An energy storage device containing a solidified, conformable porous composite having interconnected pores and comprising thermally-expanded polymer microspheres and particulate filler material is disclosed herein. A method of making a solidified, conformable porous composite in which no solvent is introduced into and extracted from the composite in the formation of pores is disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
• B05D 5/12 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a coating with specific electrical properties
• C03B 17/06 - Forming glass sheets
• C03B 23/037 - Re-forming glass sheets by drawing
• H01M 4/04 - Processes of manufacture in general
• H01M 4/13 - Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulatorsProcesses of manufacture thereof

Abstract

Laminable microporous polymer webs with good dimensional stability are disclosed herein. Methods of making and using laminable microporous polymer webs with good dimensional stability are also disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/04 - Processes of manufacture in general
• H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• H01M 6/24 - Cells comprising two different electrolytes
• H01M 10/04 - Construction or manufacture in general
• H01M 10/36 - Accumulators not provided for in groups

Abstract

A multi-row melt-blown fiber spinneret (8) enables stacking rows (121, 122, 123) of polymer outlet orifices (36) more closely together than is achievable with conventional melt-blown fiber spinnerets. The fiber spinneret configuration also enables dense side-by-side packing of the polymer outlet orifices. The fiber spinneret is configured so that air knife channels (141C, 142C, 143C, 144C) and individual intricate small air knife passage feeds, together with their associated melt flow channels (501, 502, 503), are formed in the same body member. The rows of polymer outlet orifices are supplied with a polymer melt by a single polymer inlet (20), which delivers the polymer melt to the individual polymer melt flow channels. The air knife channels are directed through the body member, in which the polymer melt flow channels are formed by islands and air flow passage feeds. The body member is constructed by operation of a 3D printer for direct metal printing.

IPC Classes  ?

• D04H 1/435 - Polyesters
• D04H 1/74 - Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel

Abstract

Proton-conducting gel electrolytes with acid immobilized within a covalently cross-linked polymer network and composites containing the gel electrolytes provide low ionic resistance, minimize acid stratification, and prevent dendrite growth. The gel electrolytes can be formed from monomers dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequently covalently cross-linked between the battery electrodes, or the covalently cross-linked gel electrolytes can be formed in water and subsequently exchanged into sulfuric acid. The mechanical properties of these gels can often be enhanced with the addition of silica powder, silica fiber, or other additives. In some cases, the covalently cross-linked gel electrolytes are formed in the presence of a conventional silica-filled polyethylene separator or within a low density fiber mat to provide mechanical reinforcement and controlled spacing between the battery electrodes. The covalently cross-linked gel electrolytes provide low ionic resistance, and increased power capacity of the battery, because the polymer networks can be formed at low concentrations (<20% solids).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 10/10 - Immobilising of electrolyte
• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
• H01M 4/14 - Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators

Abstract

Granules containing mixtures of silica powder and cross-linked rubber powder are used in the manufacture of battery separators or vehicle tires. A granule contains silica and rubber powders in proportional amounts that form a silica powder carrier within which rubber powder particles are distributed. Incorporating silica-rubber granules in the manufacturing process of polyethylene separators offers a way to limit water loss in and improve the cycle life of a deep cycle lead-acid battery. Incorporating silica-rubber granules in the manufacturing process of vehicle tires affords advantages including easier material handling, reduced production of dust, and reduction in the number of ingredients measured and added to the formulation.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
• B29C 48/00 - Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired formApparatus therefor
• H01M 2/14 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements
• B01J 2/04 - Processes or devices for granulating materials, in generalRendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
• B29B 11/12 - Compression moulding
• B29B 11/16 - Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcements
• B29D 30/04 - Resilient fillings for rubber tyresFilling tyres therewith
• C08K 3/36 - Silica
• B29K 105/16 - Fillers
• B29K 421/00 - Use of unspecified rubbers as filler
• B29K 509/00 - Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups , as filler
• B29L 31/34 - Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof

Abstract

A polymer fiber sheet exhibits high porosity and good tensile properties in both “wet” and “dry” states. A fiber modifying agent is incorporated into a polymer extrusion and fiber formation process to produce a highly porous polymer fiber sheet that is instantaneously wettable by an aqueous medium. The fiber modifying agent functions as either one or both (1) a plasticizer that reduces the polymer extrudate melt viscosity and allows the formation of fine fibers during processing and (2) a surface modifying agent that promotes the instantaneous and sustainable wettability of individual polymer fibers and a porous fiber sheet formed from them. The polymer fiber sheet maintains its wettability even after repeated washing and drying cycles. The resultant fiber sheet can be densified and embossed to provide a desired thickness and porosity, while at the same time longitudinal ribs with desired pattern can also be formed on the fiber sheet.

IPC Classes  ?

• B29C 48/05 - Filamentary, e.g. strands
• B29C 48/21 - Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
• H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
• B29C 48/00 - Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired formApparatus therefor
• H01M 10/06 - Lead-acid accumulators
• D04H 1/4291 - Olefin series
• D04H 1/435 - Polyesters
• D04H 1/56 - Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
• H01M 50/44 - Fibrous material
• H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
• H01M 50/414 - Synthetic resins, e.g. .thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
• H01M 50/406 - MouldingEmbossingCutting
• H01M 50/491 - Porosity
• H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
• B29C 43/24 - Calendering
• C08J 5/18 - Manufacture of films or sheets
• C08K 5/42 - Sulfonic acidsDerivatives thereof
• D01D 5/00 - Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
• D01D 5/08 - Melt-spinning methods
• D01D 5/088 - Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
• D01F 1/10 - Other agents for modifying properties
• D01F 6/16 - Monocomponent man-made filaments or the like of synthetic polymersManufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated organic esters, e.g. polyacrylic esters, polyvinyl acetate
• B29K 67/00 - Use of polyesters as moulding material
• B29L 7/00 - Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
• B29L 31/34 - Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof

Abstract

A thin, freestanding, microporous polyolefin web with good heat resistance and dimensional stability includes an inorganic surface layer. A first preferred embodiment is a microporous polyolefin base membrane in which colloidal inorganic particles are present in its bulk structure. Each of second and third preferred embodiments is a thin, freestanding microporous polyolefin web that has an inorganic surface layer containing no organic hydrogen bonding component for the inorganic particles. The inorganic surface layer of the second embodiment is achieved by hydrogen bonding with use of an inorganic acid, and the inorganic surface layer of the third embodiment is achieved by one or both of hydrogen bonding and chemical reaction of the surface groups on the inorganic particles.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
• H01M 2/14 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements
• C08J 5/18 - Manufacture of films or sheets
• C08J 7/04 - Coating
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries

Abstract

A lead-acid battery separator with ultralow resistivity results from high porosity, controlled pore (10) size distribution, and an ionic surfactant (14) with a long alkyl side chain (18) that is anchored to the polymer matrix (12) of a silica-filled polyethylene separator. The surfactant cannot be easily removed or washed away and thereby imparts sustained wettability to the separator. Controlling the number of, and volume occupied by, the pores (i.e., porosity) and pore size distribution of the separator contributes to a reduction in electrical (ionic) resistivity.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
• H01M 2/14 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements
• B29C 47/00 - Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor (extrusion blow-moulding B29C 49/04)
• B29C 71/00 - After-treatment of articles without altering their shapeApparatus therefor
• B29K 23/00 - Use of polyalkenes as moulding material
• B29K 105/16 - Fillers
• B29K 509/00 - Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups , as filler
• B29L 7/00 - Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
• B29L 31/34 - Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
• H01M 10/06 - Lead-acid accumulators

Abstract

Granules containing mixtures of silica powder and cross-linked rubber powder are used in the manufacture of battery separators or vehicle tires. A granule contains silica and rubber powders in proportional amounts that form a silica powder carrier within which rubber powder particles are distributed. Incorporating silica-rubber granules in the manufacturing process of polyethylene separators offers a way to limit water loss in and improve the cycle life of a deep cycle lead-acid battery. Incorporating silica-rubber granules in the manufacturing process of vehicle tires affords advantages including easier material handling, reduced production of dust, and reduction in the number of ingredients measured and added to the formulation.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material

Abstract

Proton-conducting gel electrolytes with acid immobilized within a covalently cross-linked polymer network and composites containing the gel electrolytes provide low ionic resistance, minimize acid stratification, and prevent dendrite growth. The gel electrolytes can be formed from monomers dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequently covalently cross-linked between the battery electrodes, or the covalently cross-linked gel electrolytes can be formed in water and subsequently exchanged into sulfuric acid. The mechanical properties of these gels can often be enhanced with the addition of silica powder, silica fiber, or other additives. In some cases, the covalently cross-linked gel electrolytes are formed in the presence of a conventional silica-filled polyethylene separator or within a low density fiber mat to provide mechanical reinforcement and controlled spacing between the battery electrodes. The covalently crosslinked gel electrolytes provide low ionic resistance, and increased power capacity of the battery, because the polymer networks can be formed at low concentrations (<20% solids).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 8/02 - Fuel cellsManufacture thereof Details
• H01M 8/10 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
• B01D 69/14 - Dynamic membranes

Abstract

A flexible microporous polymer sheet having first and second opposite major surfaces comprises a polymer matrix binding a filler component that exhibits high oil absorption capacity in its initial state before the start of material processing. The polymer matrix includes a polyolefin component and has three-dimensional interconnecting and interpenetrating pore and polymer networks through which the bound filler component is distributed from the first major surface to the second major surface. The polyolefin and filler components are included in amounts that result in a microporous polymer sheet having between about 75% and about 90% porosity and containing less than about 10 wt. % polyolefin component. Preferred polyolefin and filler components include ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and high oil absorption precipitated silica, respectively.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
• H01M 10/06 - Lead-acid accumulators

Abstract

A polymer fiber sheet exhibits high porosity and good tensile properties in both "wet" and "dry" states. A fiber modifying agent is incorporated into a polymer extrusion and fiber formation process to produce a highly porous polymer fiber sheet that is instantaneously wettable by an aqueous medium. The fiber modifying agent functions as either one or both (1) a plasticizer that reduces the polymer extrudate melt viscosity and allows the formation of fine fibers during processing and (2) a surface modifying agent that promotes the instantaneous and sustainable wettability of individual polymer fibers and a porous fiber sheet formed from them. The polymer fiber sheet maintains its wettability even after repeated washing and drying cycles. The resultant fiber sheet can be densified and embossed to provide a desired thickness and porosity, while at the same time longitudinal ribs with desired pattern can also be formed on the fiber sheet.

IPC Classes  ?

• C23C 16/00 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes

Abstract

A lead-acid battery separator with ultralow resistivity results from high porosity, controlled pore (10) size distribution, and an ionic surfactant (14) with a long alkyl side chain (18) that is anchored to the polymer matrix (12) of a silica-filled polyethylene separator. The surfactant cannot be easily removed or washed away and thereby imparts sustained wettability to the separator. Controlling the number of, and volume occupied by, the pores (i.e., porosity) and pore size distribution of the separator contributes to a reduction in electrical (ionic) resistivity.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
• B32B 5/22 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous

Abstract

A thin, freestanding, microporous polyolefin web with good heat resistance and dimensional stability includes an inorganic surface layer. A first preferred embodiment is a microporous polyolefin base membrane in which colloidal inorganic particles are present in its bulk structure. Each of second and third preferred embodiments is a thin, freestanding microporous polyolefin web that has an inorganic surface layer containing no organic hydrogen bonding component for the inorganic particles. The inorganic surface layer of the second embodiment is achieved by hydrogen bonding with use of an inorganic acid, and the inorganic surface layer of the third embodiment is achieved by one or both of hydrogen bonding and chemical reaction of the surface groups on the inorganic particles.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08K 3/22 - OxidesHydroxides of metals

Abstract

A method of making a rubber-containing polyolefin separator entails preparing a pre-mixture (18) that includes polyolefin material (1), silica (2), and processing oil (5) and delivering the pre-mixture to a multi-zone extruder (12) having a sheet die (34). The pre-mixture becomes partly gelled as it advances in the extruder. Rubber powder (6) added at a medial zone (Z4) of the extruder combines with the pre-mixture advancing in the extruder to form a gelled rubber-containing extrudate as it exits the sheet die. The extrudate is processed by extracting a portion of the processing oil to form a separator sheet with dispersed rubber powder in the form of domains of larger average size. The larger rubber domains exhibit a smaller average ratio of surface area to volume and thereby results in slower release by diffusion of the beneficial substance from the rubber domains to the battery electrolyte.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material

Abstract

A microporous silica-filled polyolefin separator (80) has a material composition that includes a fraction of cured rubber powder exhibiting low or no porosity. The cured rubber powder is a material derived from one or both of passenger and truck tires. The cured rubber powders exhibit the properties of increasing hydrogen evolution overpotential on the negative lead electrode and of decreasing the effect of antimony deposited on the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery. Incorporation of these cured rubber powders into the formulation of a microporous silica-filled polyethylene separator results in improved electrochemical properties in deep-cycle lead-acid batteries.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material

Abstract

Preferred embodiments of a freestanding, heat resistant microporous polymer film (10) constructed for use in an energy storage device (70, 100) implements one or more of the following approaches to exhibit excellent high temperature mechanical and dimensional stability: incorporation into a porous polyolefin film of sufficiently high loading levels of inorganic or ceramic filler material (16) to maintain porosity (18) and achieve low thermal shrinkage; use of crosslinkable polyethylene to contribute to crosslinking the polymer matrix (14) in a highly inorganic material-filled polyolefin film; and heat treating or annealing of biaxially oriented, highly inorganic material-filled polyolefin film above the melting point temperature of the polymer matrix to reduce residual stress while maintaining high porosity. The freestanding, heat resistant microporous polymer film embodiments exhibit extremely low resistance, as evidenced by MacMullin numbers of less than 4.5.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 10/052 - Li-accumulators
• C08J 5/18 - Manufacture of films or sheets
• H01M 2/14 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements
• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
• H01M 10/52 - Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption

Abstract

A battery separator (116) includes dispersed throughout its porous structure a benzaldehyde derivative as a hydrogen-evolution inhibitor to improve the cycle life of a lead-acid battery (100) containing the battery separator. The disclosed battery separator is particularly useful in a deep cycle battery installed in an electric vehicle, such as a golf car or a floor scrubber. Preferred embodiments of the disclosed battery separator are based on a microporous polyethylene separator material or on an absorptive glass mat (AGM) separator material having a porous structure through which the hydrogen-evolution inhibitor is dispersed. Vanillin (4- hydroxy 3-methoxybenzaldehyde) compound is a preferred derivative of benzaldehyde that interacts with antimony present in the battery electrode plates to suppress hydrogen gas evolution. Vanillin dispersed throughout the porous structure exhibits strong antimony-suppression behavior and thereby maintains hydrogen evolution inhibitor properties during handling and manipulation of the battery separator.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/02 - Cases, jackets or wrappings

Abstract

A microporous silica-filled polyolefin separator (80) has a material composition that includes a fraction of cured rubber powder exhibiting low or no porosity. The cured rubber powder is a material derived from one or both of passenger and truck tires. The cured rubber powders exhibit the properties of increasing hydrogen evolution overpotential on the negative lead electrode and of decreasing the effect of antimony deposited on the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery. Incorporation of these cured rubber powders into the formulation of a microporous silica-filled polyethylene separator results in improved electrochemical properties in deep-cycle lead-acid batteries.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material

Abstract

A microporous polyethylene battery separator material (212), for use in a flooded-cell type lead-acid battery, benefits from increased porosity, enhanced wettability, and exceptionally low electrical resistance when an electrolyte-soluble pore former is employed in the manufacturing process. The pore former (210) is soluble in electrolytic fluid and therefore dissolves in-situ in sulfuric acid during battery assembly. The dissolution of the pore former leaves behind additional, larger voids (220) in the separator material and thereby enhances ionic diffusion and improves battery performance.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material

Abstract

Preferred embodiments of a freestanding, heat resistant microporous polymer film (10) constructed for use in an energy storage device (70, 100) implements one or more of the following approaches to exhibit excellent high temperature mechanical and dimensional stability: incorporation into a porous polyolefin film of sufficiently high loading levels of inorganic or ceramic filler material (16) to maintain porosity (18) and achieve low thermal shrinkage; use of crosslinkable polyethylene to contribute to crosslinking the polymer matrix (14) in a highly inorganic material-filled polyolefin film; and heat treating or annealing of biaxially oriented, highly inorganic material-filled polyolefin film above the melting point temperature of the polymer matrix to reduce residual stress while maintaining high porosity. The freestanding, heat resistant microporous polymer film embodiments exhibit extremely low resistance, as evidenced by MacMullin numbers of less than 4.5.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
• C08J 9/00 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof

Abstract

A conformable structured therapeutic dressing (120) has maximum available surface area (102) of a therapeutic agent (122) to stimulate therapeutic response in wounded tissue of a mammalian subject. In preferred embodiments, the therapeutic agent includes a procoagulant to quickly arrest bleeding and prevent life-threatening blood loss. The wound dressing exhibits a structured adsorbent (104) that maximizes available surface area of a functional filler (72). This is achieved with a minimal amount of binder (82) and small, porous particles of the functional filler. Minimizing the binder maximizes the amount of functional filler and reduces the chance that the binder will block access to the surface area of the functional filler. Porous particles have a large internal surface area. Structured adsorbents with higher surface areas, higher inter- and intra-fiber porosities, and low internal mass transfer resistances produce higher rates of mass transfer of an adsorbent onto the functional filler.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 9/00 - Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
• A61K 31/722 - ChitinChitosan
• A61K 33/00 - Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
• A61K 33/12 - Magnesium silicate
• A61K 31/76 - Polymers containing halogen of vinyl chloride
• A61K 31/785 - Polymers containing nitrogen
• A61K 31/765 - Polymers containing oxygen
• A61P 17/02 - Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
• A61P 13/00 - Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
• A61P 7/04 - AntihaemorrhagicsProcoagulantsHaemostatic agentsAntifibrinolytic agents
• A61L 15/18 - Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing inorganic materials
• A61L 15/28 - Polysaccharides or their derivatives
• A61L 15/42 - Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
• A61L 15/44 - Medicaments

Abstract

A microporous polyethylene battery separator material (212), for use in a flooded-cell type lead-acid battery, benefits from increased porosity, enhanced wettability, and exceptionally low electrical resistance when an electrolyte-soluble pore former is employed in the manufacturing process. The pore former (210) is soluble in electrolytic fluid and therefore dissolves in-situ in sulfuric acid during battery assembly. The dissolution of the pore former leaves behind additional, larger voids (220) in the separator material and thereby enhances ionic diffusion and improves battery performance.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 2/14 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements