Disclosed are methods of making, and processes of using phosphorous-promoted zeolite-containing catalysts in the conversion of hydrocarbonaceous materials such as hydrocarbons and biomass. Such disclosed methods of making include: spray drying of the catalyst precursor slurry followed by phosphorous promotion of the resulting spray dried material.
B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
B01J 27/182 - PhosphorusCompounds thereof with silicon
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
2.
PROCESS FOR ENHANCING PROCESS PERFORMANCE DURING THE THERMOCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF BIOMASS
A process for enhancing the conversion of biomass into a bio-oil containing liquid feed wherein the processability index, PI, of the biomass is optimized prior to introducing the biomass into the biomass conversion unit where catalytic pyrolysis of the biomass occurs. The PI is dependent on the ratio (S/G) between the S-unit population and the G-unit population of the biomass as well as the weight percent acetate, the weight percent alkaline (Group I metals), the weight percent of non-metals in the biomass of Group 15, Group 16 and Group 17 elements, the weight percent of metalloids (Group 13 and Group 14 elements), the weight percent xylan and the weight percent of alkaline earth (Group II metals) in the biomass feedstream.
Solid biomass may be converted to hydrocarbons for use in renewable fuels uses by feeding biomass into a biomass conversion unit and pyrolyzing the biomass in the presence of a regenerated multi-functional catalyst. The regenerated multi-functional catalyst contains an acidic component, a basic component and a metallic component. The biomass is treated within the biomass conversion unit in at least two stages wherein at least one component of the regenerated multi-functional catalyst is fed into each of the stages.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 9/00 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
4.
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL BIOMASS PYROLYSIS CATALYST AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME
A multi-functional catalyst for the conversion of biomass contains zeolite ZSM-5, zeolite USY, a metallic component, a basic material and a binder. The metallic component may be Cu, Ni, Cr, W, Mo, a metal carbide, a metal nitride, a metal sulfide or a mixture thereof. The basic material may be an alkaline-exchanged zeolite or an alkaline earth-exchanged zeolite having from about 40 to about 75 % of exchanged cationic sites.
B01J 29/78 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
5.
PROCESS OF REACTIVATING A METAL CONTAMINATED BIOMASS CONVERSION CATALYST
A metal contaminated spent catalyst or regenerated catalyst from a biomass conversion unit may be subjected to an ammonium wash in order to remove potassium. The ammonium wash may include ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphates, and mixtures thereof. Acidity and catalytic activity of the biomass conversion catalyst is restored by the removal of potassium contaminants.
B01J 38/66 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using alkaline materialLiquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using salts using ammonia or derivatives thereof
C10G 11/02 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
Liquid bio-fuels and processes for their production are provided. The liquid bio-fuels can have improved stability, less corrosiveness, and/or an improved heating value.
A process for producing renewable biofuels from biomass is provided wherein a bio-oil containing stream is hydrotreated in an integrated system which uses streams and components generated or obtained from the biomass treatment and conversion.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
Spent catalyst or regenerated catalyst from a biomass conversion unit may be rejuvenated by treating at least a portion of the spent catalyst or regenerated catalyst with a treatment acid, the treatment acid comprising an inorganic acid or an organic acid or a mixture thereof.
Disclosed is a process for the alteration of the ratio of the specific gravities of the oil and water phases resulting from the conversion of biomass to liquid products, the reduction of the conductivity and of metals of the product mixture, which each can aid in the removal of solids contained in the oil phase; and a liquid-liquid extraction method for partitioning desirable carbon containing compounds into the oil phase and undesirable carbon containing compounds into the water phase.
A process for treating bio-oil or pyrolysis oil used to produce renewable biofuel. In a first stage, solids and/or organic reactive molecules within the feedstream are reduced without substantially deoxygenating the organic reactive molecules in the feedstream. The resulting feedstream is then introduced into a second hydrotreatment stage to produce deoxygenated bio-oil or pyrolysis oil.
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
C10G 45/10 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
C10G 45/38 - Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
C10G 45/42 - Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds with moving solid particles
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
11.
COMPOSITION FOR REDUCING POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS
Emissions of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from diesel engines may be reduced by blending a renewable hydrocarbon distillate with a base diesel fuel. The base diesel may be a fossil diesel fuel, a Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel as well as a hydroprocessed biodiesel fuel or a combination thereof. The renewable hydrocarbon distillate is a fraction from hydrotreated bio-oil having a boiling point between from about 320°F to about 700°F.
A renewable fuel may be obtained from a bio-oil containing C3-C5 oxygenates. In a first step, the bio-oil is subjected to a condensation reaction in which the oxygenates undergo a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction to produce a stream containing C6+ oxygenates. In a second step, the stream is hydrotreated to produce C6+ hydrocarbons.
C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10G 45/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
Coating compositions containing components derived from the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass are provided. The components derived from the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass are useful in increasing the bond strength retention of such coating compositions to the surface of a substrate.
Disclosed is a method for determining properties of hydrocarbonaceous samples including a component prepared from: 1) the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass, or 2) the pyrolytic conversion of biomass with subsequent upgrading. The determination of the property(ies) is by use of a near-infrared spectra based correlation.
G01N 21/35 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
An improved biomass feed system and processes for transporting biomass to downstream processing locations are disclosed. The system uses a pressurized gas to assist in the transporting of the biomass to the conversion reactor.
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
C10L 1/32 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions
16.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BIOFUEL USING A PRE-TREATED DEOXYGENATED STREAM
A process for preparing a renewable biofuel consists of subjecting a bio-oil mixture to deoxygenation in a hydrotreater and then separating hydrocarbon fractions from the deoxygenated product to form the biofuel. The bio-oil mixture contains a biooil feedstream and a treated bio-oil feed. The treated bio-oil feed is a stream from which undesirable heavy materials and solid materials have been removed.
Disclosed are catalyst compositions including zeolite and silica components, methods of making, and processes of using in the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass. Such disclosed methods of making include: i) spray drying of the catalyst precursor slurry at a pH below 1, or ii) the removal of ions such as sodium from the binder material prior to spray drying the catalyst precursor slurry at a pH below 2.7, or iii) spray drying the catalyst precursor including a pore regulating agent followed by steam treating, or iv) some combination of i), ii) and iii).
Disclosed is an alternative fuel composition derived from the conversion of biomass at an elevated temperature, with conversion optionally in the presence of a catalyst, which is capable of reducing, and thereby improving, a low temperature property of a distillate. A process is also disclosed for mixing such renewable composition with the distillate.
Disclosed is a process/system for the fractionation of bio-oil, produced from the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass, into boiling point fractions. The fractionation of the bio-oil is performed using molecular distillation under conditions which minimize the thermal stress to the bio-oil and fractions obtained therefrom.
A process to improve the processability of a bio-oil is provided. The disclosed process involves removing at least a portion of the carboxylic acids originally present in a bio-oil using a weak base anion exchange resin. Upon removing at least a portion of these carboxylic acids, the treated bio-oil contains a lower TAN value and is better suited for processing in existing refinery equipment.
A process for making a catalytic system for converting solid biomass into fuel of specialty chemical products is disclosed. The process includes preparing a slurry precursor mixture by mixing an aluminosilicate clay material with a pore regulating agent and optionally a binder, shaping the mixture into shaped bodies; removing the pore regulating agent to form porous shaped bodies, preparing an aqueous reaction mixture comprising the porous shaped bodies in presence of a zeolite seeding material, and thermally treating the aqueous reaction mixture to form the catalyst system. The catalyst system can comprise, for example, a MFI-type zeolite.
Processes for making a catalytic system and catalytic systems for converting solid biomass into fuel or specialty chemical products, or for upgrading bio-oils are described. The catalyst system may comprise a non-zeolitic matrix with a hierarchical pore structure ranging from 300 to about 104 Angstrom pore size, a zeolite, such as MFI-type or IM-5 zeolite, and a binder.
Processes for making a catalytic system and catalytic systems for converting solid biomass into fuel of specialty chemical products are described. The catalyst system may comprise a non-zeolitic matrix and an in situ grown zeolite, such as MFI-type zeolite, with a meso-micro hierarchical pore structure. In some embodiments, the non-zeolitic matrix has a meso-macro hierarchical pore structure.
A two-stage reactor/process is disclosed for the conversion of solid particulate biomass material and includes: a first stage, in which solid particulate biomass material is pyrolyzed to primary reaction products, and a second stage in which the primary reaction products are catalytically converted in a second stage which is operated at a temperature higher than that of the first stage.
Naphtha compositions with enhanced reformability are provided. The naphtha compositions can be derived from biomass, can exhibit improved N + 2A values, and can be used as a reformer feedstock with little or no processing.
C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
Disclosed is a process for the alteration of the ratio of the specific gravities of the oil and water phases resulting from the conversion of biomass to liquid products, the reduction of the conductivity and of metals of the product mixture, which each can aid in the removal of solids contained in the oil phase.
Disclosed is a process for the reduction of the electrical conductivity of a product mixture containing the oil and water phases resulting from the conversion of biomass to liquid products, including the at least partial breaking of any oil/water emulsion, which aids in the separation of the oil and water phases.
Asphalt binder modifiers derived from the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass are provided. The asphalt binder modifiers are useful as anti-stripping agents and in increasing tensile strength ratios for asphalt concrete, asphalt-containing roofing materials, and other asphalt applications.
C04B 24/08 - FatsFatty oilsEster type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
29.
IMPROVED CATALYST FOR THERMOCATALYTIC CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO LIQUID FUELS AND CHEMICALS
Catalyst compositions comprising a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder, and methods for making and using same, are disclosed. More specifically, processes for making a catalyst for biomass conversion are provided. The process includes: treating a ZSM-5 zeolite with a phosphorous-containing compound to form a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component; preparing a slurry comprising the phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder; and shaping the slurry into shaped bodies. Such catalysts can be used for the thermocatalytic conversion of particulate biomass to liquid products such as bio-oil, resulting in higher bio-oil yields and lower coke than conventional catalysts.
A process for biomass catalytic cracking is disclosed herein. More specifically, the process is in presence of is a mixed metal oxide catalyst represented by the formula (X1O)• (X2O)a• (X3YbO4) wherein X1, X2 and X3 are alkaline earth elements selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and mixture thereof, and Y is a metal selected from the group of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Ga, B, La, P and mixture thereof, wherein the catalyst is formed by calcining at least one compound comprising at least one alkaline earth element and a metal element.
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
B01J 21/10 - MagnesiumOxides or hydroxides thereof
B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
31.
BIOMASS PRETREATMENT FOR FAST PYROLYSIS TO LIQUIDS
Aspects of the present invention relate to methods, systems, and compositions for preparing a solid biomass for fast pyrolysis. The method includes contacting the solid biomass with an inorganic material present in an effective amount for increasing fast pyrolysis yield of an organic liquid product (e.g., bio-oil). In various embodiments, the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.
A process for producing catalyst for biomass catalytic cracking is disclosed herein. The process includes modifying a phyllosilicate to produce a modified phyllosilicate having an improved yield of a pyrolysis reaction. The modification of the phyllosilicate includes leaching the clay with an acid or basic solution to form a leached clay preparation, calcining the leached clay and contacting the treated clay with a suspension comprising metal ions for ion-exchange. The modified clay catalyst can then be mixed with inorganic materials such as zeolites and dried to form fluidizable microspheres.
B01J 20/00 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
More stable and valuable bio-oil produced from biomasses are provided. More specifically, more stable and valuable bio-oil useful as heating oil is provided. Particularly, various embodiments of the present invention provide for a bio-oil having sufficient heating value and stability to be useful as heating oil without the need to hydrotreat the bio-oil or use a similar deoxygenating process.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
More stable and valuable bio-oil compositions produced from biomasses are provided. Particularly, various embodiments of the present invention provide for a bio-oil composition that has chemical and physical properties that make it more cost effective and useful as a fuel without having to undergo deoxygenating processes such as hydrotreating.
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
Renewable fuels are produced in commercial quantities and with enhanced efficiency by integrating a bio-oil production system with a conventional petroleum refiner)'- so that the bio-oil is co-processed with a petroleum -derived stream in the refinery. The techniques used to integrate the bio-oil production system and conventional petroleum refineries are selected based on the quality of the bio-oil and the desired product slate from the refinery.
A two-stage reactor is disclosed for the conversion of solid particulate biomass material. The reactor is designed to maximize conversion of the solid biomass material, while limiting excess cracking of primary reaction products. The two-stage reactor comprises a first stage reactor, in which solid biomass material is thermally pyrolyzed to primary reaction products. The primary reaction products are catalytically converted in a second stage reactor.
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
A process for producing fuel from biomass is disclosed herein. The process includes torrefying biomass material at a temperature between 80°C and 300°C to form particulated biomass having a mean average particle size from about 1 μιη to about 1000 μιη. The particulated biomass is mixed with a liquid to form a suspension, wherein the liquid comprises bio-oil, wherein the suspension includes between 1 weight percent to 40 weight percent particulated biomass. The suspension is fed into a hydropyrolysis reactor; and at least a portion of the particulated biomass of the suspension is converted into fuel.
A process and system for separating bio-gasoline, bio-diesel and bio-fuel oil fractions from a bio-oil, and for producing a renewable gasoline including at least in part the bio- gasoline fraction, is provided. The process comprises separating bio-oil into a bio-gasoline fraction and a heavy fraction based on their boiling points. At least a portion of the bio- gasoline fraction is directly blended with a petroleum-derived gasoline, without any prior hydrotreatment, to thereby provide a renewable gasoline composition.
A process and system for separating a light fraction, a bio-distillate fraction (composition), and a heavy fraction from a bio-oil, and for producing a renewable distillate including at least in part the bio-distillate composition and a stabilizing additive, is provided. The process comprises separating bio-oil into light, bio-distillate, and heavy fractions based on their boiling points. At least a portion of the bio-distillate composition and a stabilizing additive are blended with a petroleum-derived-diesel-range stream, without any prior hydrotreatment, to thereby provide a renewable distillate composition.
A process and system for the conversion of biomass under high severity m the presence of a catalyst to produce a bio-oil., olefins, methane, and carbon monoxide (CO), The methane and/or CO can be used to generate hydrogen and the generated hydrogen can be used for hydfotreaiing the bio-oil. Additionally, or alternatively, a syngas stream, a carbon dioxide-rich stream, and/or a methane-rieh stream can be recovered for use in the bio-oil production process and/or for use in a conventional petroleum refinery and/or petrochemical plant.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
A process and system for separating and upgrading bio-oil into renewable fuels is provided. The process comprises separating bio-oil into a light fraction, an optional intermediate fraction, and heavy fraction based on their boiling points. The light fraction and optional intermediate fraction can be upgraded via hydrotreatment to produce a renewable gasoline and a renewable diesel, which may be combined with their petroleum-derived counterparts. The heavy fraction may be subjected to cracking and further separated into light, intermediate, and heavy fractions in order to increase the yield of renewable gasoline and renewable diesel.
A process and system for removing bound water from bio-oil by azeotropic distillation, The process includes combining a bound-water-containing bio-oil with an azeotrope agent and subjecting the resulting treated bio-oil to azeotropic distillation under reduced pressure. The azeotropic distillation removes a substantial portion of the bound water from the bio-oil, thus producing a water-depleted bio-oil that is less corrosive, more stable, and more readily miscible with hydrocarbons.
C07C 51/14 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in organic compounds
A method and apparatus for effective pyrolysis of a biomass utilizing rapid heat transfer from a solid heat carrier or catalyst. Particularly, various embodiments of the present invention provide methods and apparatuses which incorporate progressive temperature quenching and rapid disengagement of the heat carrier material and reaction product.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C07C 1/06 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen in the presence of organic compounds, e.g. hydrocarbons
A multi-stage process and system for converting solid particulate biomass in a riser reactor having at least two different reaction zones. A lower reaction zone is configured to optimize pyrolysis of the biomass into pyrolysis products, while an upper reaction zone is configured to efficiently crack the pyrolysis products. The relative residence times and/or temperatures of the upper and lower reaction zones can be controlled to optimize product quality and yield.
A green process and system are disclosed for utilizing a biomass filter aid in the filtration of a bio-oil. The process comprises filtering a bio-oil containing residual solids from a conversion reaction in the presence of the biomass filter aid to produce a filtered bio-oil. The biomass filter aid facilitates efficient removal of residual solids from the bio-oil. The spent biomass filter aid containing the residual solids may be recycled as a conversion feedstock or used as a combustion heat source in the biomass conversion system.
Disclosed is a process for biomass conversion which includes co-processing the biomass with thermoplastic and non-thermoplastic polymer based materials in a catalytic pyrolysis reactor to convert such to liquid hydrocarbons; wherein hydrogen atoms originating with the polymer materials can remove oxygen from oxygenated hydrocarbons produced in the conversion of the biomass in the reactor.
Disclosed is a process for conveying solid particulate biomass material to a reactor including: charging a quantity of solid particulate biomass material to a spool piece at a pressure P1; pressurizing the spool piece to a pressure P2, wherein P2 is greater than P1; conveying the solid particulate biomass material either directly to a reactor operated at or below P2 or first to a vibratory feeder and then to such reactor; isolating the spool piece from the vibratory feeder and or reactor and reducing the pressure in the spool piece to P1; and repeating these steps at least once. The vibratory feeder can include a bowl and an outlet spout extending tangentially from the bowl. Optionally, a hopper and a hopper-mounted solids conveyer, both resting on a mass measuring device, can be used to feed the solid particulate biomass material to the spool piece.
A process is disclosed for preparing a bio-oil having a Total Acid number ("TAN") of less than 10. The process comprises the steps of:(i) subjecting the solid biomass material to a catalytic pyrolysis process whereby a bio-oil having a TAN of less than 60 and greater than 10 is produced; and (ii) subjecting the bio-oil obtained in step (i) to an acid removal step. Significant TAN gains can be made by separating the hydrophobic phase of the bio-oil from the aqueous phase. Each phase can be subjected to a removal of acidic components by physical adsorption, chemisorption, extraction, neutralization, or chemical conversion.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
A method can include co-processing a biomass feedstock and a refinery feedstock in a refinery unit. The method can include producing a liquid product by catalytically cracking a biomass feedstock and a refinery feedstock in a refinery unit having a fluidized reactor. Catalytically cracking can include transferring hydrogen from the refinery feedstock to carbon and oxygen from the biomass feedstock.
A process is disclosed for pyrolysis of a particulate solid biomass material wherein the particulate solid biomass material is mixed with a cool particulate heat transfer material and the mixture fluidized prior to feeding the particulate solid biomass material/cool particulate heat transfer material mixture into the pyrolysis reactor. The particulate heat transfer material may have catalytic properties.
A reactor is disclosed for fluidized cracking of solid particulate biomass material. The reactor comprises a first mixing zone, where a particulate stream comprising solid particulate biomass is mixed with a lift gas, and becomes fluidized. The reactor comprises a second mixing zone where a beat carrier material is mixed with the fluidized solid particulate biomass material
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
52.
METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE FLOW PROPERTIES OF PARTICULATE SOLID BIOMASS MATERIALS
A method Is disclosed for improving the flow properties of solid particulate biomass material. The- method comprises mixing the solid particulate biomass material with a solid particulate inorganic material The particulate solid inorganic material may be inert, or may have catalytic properties. The method may be used in preparing the biomass material for a conversion reaction, in particular a conversion reaction involving fluidization and/or pneumatic transport of the solid particulate biomass material.
C10G 9/26 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with discontinuously preheated non-moving solid material, e.g. blast and run
A catalyst system is disclosed for catalytic pyrolysis of a solid biomass material. The system comprises an oxide, silicate or carbonate of a metal or a metalloid. The specific combined meso and macro surface area of the system is in the range of from 1 m2/g Io 100 m2/g. When used in a catalytic process the system provides a high oil yield and a low coke yield. The liquid has a relatively low oxygen content.
A process is disclosed for converting a particulate solid biomass material to a high quality bio-oil in high yield. The process comprises a pretreatment step and a pyrolysis step. The pretreatment comprises a step of at least partially demineralizmg the solid biomass, and improving the accessibility of the solid biomass by opening the texture of the particles of the solid biomass. In. a preferred embodiment the liquid pyrolysis product, is separated, into the bio-oil and an aqueous phase, and the aqueous phase is used, as a solvent in the demineralizatioii step and/or in the step of improving the accessibility of the solid biomass by opening the texture of the particles of the solid biomass.
A process Is disclosed for upgrading a biomass pyrolysis liquid product. The process comprises separating the liquid product into an aqueous phase and an oil phase. The oil phase Is subjected to a hydrogen treatment reaction, preferably in the presence of a catalyst. The resulting bio-oil is characterized by a low oxygen content.
A process is disclosed for preparing biomass particles for thermolytic or enzymatic conversion whereby the biomass particles having a moisture content of at least 20% are subjected to flash heating. The flash heating may be preceded by one or more adsorption/desorption cycles with water or steam. A swelling aid may be added during the adsorption part of an adsorption/desorption cycle.
A process is disclosed for converting a biomass material to a stabilized bio-oil. The process comprises converting the biomass to a pyrolytic oil having suspended therein particles of metal compounds, and removing at least part of the suspended metal compounds to obtain a stabilized bio-oil.
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
58.
PRETREATMENT OF BIOMASS WITH CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL
A composition of matter is disclosed comprising an intimate mixture of a particulate solid biomass material and a carbonaceous material. The composition is suitable for conversion to a bio-oil in a pyrolysis reaction. The carbonaceous material acts as a reducing agent during the pyrolysis reaction. The composition of matter produces bio-oil in a greater yield than prior art processes. The bio-oil is of improved quality, as evidenced by its low TAN value.
C10B 53/08 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form in the form of briquettes, lumps or the like
59.
SELECTIVE CATALYTIC THERMOCONVERSION OF BIOMASS AND BIO-OILS
A process is disclosed for the catalytic conversion of solid biomass to bio-oil. In a first step, solid biomass is converted to bio-crude in the presence of a basic catalyst In a second step the bio-crude is subjected to catalytic cracking in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The first step and the second step may be carried out simultaneously or sequentially. The process produces bio-oil of high quality, as evidenced by its low Total Acid Number (TAN).
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
60.
DECOMPOSITION AND REGENERATION OF INORGANIC CARBONATES
A process is disclosed for the catalytic conversion of biomass to form a bio-oil. Controlled amounts of inorganic carbonates are used in the process. At least some of the carbonate is converted to the corresponding oxide or hydroxide during the conversion reaction. The oxide or hydroxide is regenerated to the carbonate, which is recycled to the biomass conversion reaction.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
A countercurrent process is disclosed for converting solid biomass material. The solid biomass material travels through a reactor system in countercurrent with hot heat carrier materials, such as particulate heat earner material and hot gases. The solid biomass material is subjected to a first conversion at a first temperature T 1. and a second conversion at a second temperature, T 2, such that T 2 > T 1. Bio-oil produced to at T J is not exposed to the higher temperature T 2. As a result, secondary reactions of the bio-oii components are minimized.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
62.
PROCESS FOR PREPARING A FLUIDIZABLE BIOMASS-CATALYST COMPOSITE MATERIAL
A process is disclosed for preparing fluidizable particles of a biomass/catalyst composite material. The process comprises the steps of (i) providing a particulate, solid biomass material; (ii) forming a composite of the biomass material and a catalytic material; (iii) subjecting the biomass material to a thermal treatment at a torrefaction temperature at or above 200 0C, and low enough to avoid significant conversion of the biomass material to liquid conversion products; and (iv) forming fluidizable particles from the biomass material. Step (ii) may be carried out before or after step (iii).
A process is disclosed for the catalytic conversion of solid biomass. The process comprises heating the solid particulate biomass in the presence of a solid base catalyst. The catalytic reaction may be carried out in a cyclone reactor, a fluid bed reactor, or an ablative reactor. Alumina and doped alumina are particularly suitable solid base catalysts.
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
A method for converting solid biomass into hydrocarbons includes contacting the solid biomass with a catalyst in a first riser operated at a temperature in the range of from about 50° C to about 200° C to thereby produce a first biomass-catalyst mixture and a first product comprising hydrocarbons; a) separating the first product from the first biomass-catalyst mixture; c) charging the first biomass-catalyst mixture to a second riser operated at a temperature in the range of from about 200° C to about 400° C to thereby produce a second biomass-catalyst mixture and a second product comprising hydrocarbons; d) separating the second product from the second biomass-catalyst mixture; e) charging the second biomass-catalyst mixture to a third riser operated at a temperature greater than about 450° C to thereby produce a spent catalyst and a third product comprising hydrocarbons; and 0 separating the third effluent from the spent catalyst.
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
65.
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL CATALYST COMPOSITION FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS
A process is disclosed for the conversion of cellulosic biomass, in particular ligno-cellulosic biomass. The process comprises heating the biomass to a conversion temperature in the range of from 200 to 500oC in the presence of a catalyst system. The catalyst system comprises a basic functionality comprising an alkali metal component and a multivalent metal component. The catalyst system optionally further comprises an acidic component.
A method is disclosed for reducing the mechanical strength of solid biυmass material, in particular ligno-cellulosic biomass The method comprises heating the solid biomass material Io a temperature in the range of 105 0C to 200 0C. The heat treatment, which is referred to as "toasting", significantly reduces the mechanical energy required for reducing the particle size of the solid biomass material. The method is particularly suitable as a pretreatmemt step to a conversion reaction of the solid biomass material
A process is disclosed for the catalytic conversion of biomass material whereby particulate biomass material is contacted with a particulate heat carrier material in a fluidized bed. Ash formed in the process may be present in vaporized liquid reaction products and in the char. The process comprises steps of removing ash from the various reaction product components. In a preferred embodiment, ash recovered from the process is recycled into the process.
C10B 47/24 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
A process is disclosed including: contacting solid biomass with a first catalyst stream in a first reaction zone operated at a temperature T1 (from about 250 to about 400°C), for conversion of a portion of the solid biomass and forming a first gaseous product stream; downwardly passing unconverted biomass to a second reaction zone for contact with a second catalyst stream charged to the second reaction zone operated at a temperature T2, for conversion to form a second gaseous product stream and a spent catalyst; burning coke off the spent catalyst in a regenerator to form a regenerated catalyst; charging a portion of the regenerated catalyst to each of the first and second reaction zones, as the first and second catalyst streams, respectively; upwardly passing the second gaseous product stream to the first reaction zone; and removing both first and second gaseous product streams from the first reaction zone.
Preparing solid biomass particles for catalytic conversion includes agitating solid biomass particles and providing a biomass-catalyst mixture to a conventional petroleum refinery process unit. The biomass-catalyst mixture includes the solid biomass particles and a catalyst. Agitating solid biomass particles includes flowing a gas to provide a velocity to at least a portion of the solid biomass particles sufficient to reduce their sizes. Co-processing a biomass feedstock and a conventional petroleum feedstock includes liquefying at least a portion of a biomass-catalyst mixture and co-processing at least a portion of the liquefied biomass feedstock and a conventional petroleum feedstock in a conventional petroleum refinery process unit. The biomass feedstock includes a plurality of solid biomass particles and a catalyst, which is liquefied to produce a liquefied biomass feedstock.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
A process is disclosed for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass. The process comprises swelling the lignocellulosic biomass with an aqueous liquid. The pretreated lignocellulosic biomass may be used as a feedstock for the enzymatic conversion to ethanol, or in a thermal conversion process to produce bio-oil.The pretreatment results in a greater yield and, in the case of a thermal conversion process, a better quality of the bio-oil. The pretreatment process may be used to adjust the composition and amount of inorganic material present in the lignocellulosic biomass material.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
B30B 9/02 - Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
C08L 97/00 - Compositions of lignin-containing materials
Preparing solid biomass particles for catalytic conversion includes agitating solid biomass particles, to reduce a size characterizing at least a portion of the particles. Preparing solid biomass particles for catalytic conversion also includes separating a biomass-catalyst mixture into a fine fraction and a coarse fraction. The biomass- catalyst mixture includes the particles and a catalyst. The fine fraction includes particles of about a predetermined size. The coarse fraction includes particles of greater than about the predetermined size.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
Disclosed is a two-stage process for the catalytic conversion of a biomass feedstock. Upon establishing an intimate contact of the biomass feedstock with an inorganic catalyst material, the biomass-catalyst mixture is subjected to a first biocatalytic cracking reaction in a first biocatalytic cracking unit. Condensable product from the first biocatalytic cracking unit is separated from unconverted biomass material. Unconverted biomass material is subjected to a second biocatalytic cracking reaction in a second catalytic cracking unit. In general, the reaction conditions in the second cracking unit are more severe than in the first. In a specific embodiment the biomass feedstock comprises at least 10 wt% triglycerides.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
73.
COMPOSITION COMPRISING SOLID BIOMASS COATED ONTO A SOLID CATALYST
A process is disclosed for decreasing the particle size of solid biomass material. The process comprises providing small particles, preferably fluidizable particles of solid biomass material, and mixing these particles with fluidizable particles of a particulate inorganic material, preferably a material having catalytic properties. The mixture of particles is subjected to a gas stream, preferably causing fluidization. In the process the inorganic particles become coated with biomass material. The biomass-coated particles are suitable for subsequent conversion of the biomass to liquid products, such as bio-oil.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
Disclosed is a pyrolysis product of a biomass material. This product, referred to as bio-crude, has a total acid number (TAN) of less than 10, and is suitable for processing in stainless steel equipment. A process for making the bio-crude comprises pyrolysis of a biomass in the presence of a particulate catalyst. The TAN of the bio-crude may be reduced further by reducing the bio-crude with coke and or CO produced in the process.
C10B 53/00 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C10B 49/00 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
75.
PROCESS FOR MAKING BIO-OILS AND FRESH WATER FROM AQUATIC BIOMASS
A reactive distillation process is disclosed for converting aquatic biomass to a bio-oil. In the process a slurry of aquatic biomass is contacted with a particulate inorganic material. The mixture is heated to its boiling point. During the heating step biomass is converted to bio-oil. In a preferred embodiment water vapors emanating from the slurry are collected and condensed. The fresh water obtained may be used for irrigation, in human domestic uses, and for human consumption.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C10B 53/00 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
76.
PROCESS FOR THE SELECTIVE DE-OXYGENATION OF BIOMASS
A reactive distillation process is disclosed for the selective oxygenation of a biomass. The biomass may be a ligno-cellulosic biomass, or a bio-oil. The process comprises the steps of contacting a biomass slurry with a particulate inorganic material, and heating the mixture to its boiling point. In a preferred embodiment water vapors emanated from the process are collected and condensed to provide a source of fresh water.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C10B 53/00 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
77.
PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE OXYGEN CONTENT OF HIGH-OXYGEN FEEDSTOCKS
A process is disclosed for reducing the oxygen content of a high-oxygen feedstock. The process is particularly suitable for biomass-based feedstocks. The process comprises contacting the feedstock with carbon monoxide and/or coke in the presence of a catalyst. Conveniently, the coke may be present in the form of a deposit on the catalyst. Carbon monoxide may be generated in a regeneration step of the catalyst. The process may be carried out in conventional refinery equipment.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
A process is disclosed for converting aquatic biomass to a bio-oil. The process comprises mixing the aquatic biomass with a particulate catalytic material; subjecting the aquatic biomass to a catalytic cracking reaction to form a reaction mixture comprising a bio-oil; and isolating the bio-oil from the reaction mixture. Preferably the process is integrated with a plant for producing aquatic biomass, so that heat and CO2 generated during the process may be used in the production of aquatic biomass.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
patents