Cagent Vascular, Inc.

United States of America

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2024 November 1
2024 3
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2021 7
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IPC Class
A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters 38
A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for 16
A61M 25/00 - CathetersHollow probes 13
A61B 17/3207 - Atherectomy devices 11
A61B 17/20 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination 8
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Status
Pending 16
Registered / In Force 31

1.

SERRANATOR SL-PRO

      
Serial Number 98849382
Status Pending
Filing Date 2024-11-12
Owner Cagent Vascular, Inc. ()
NICE Classes  ? 10 - Medical apparatus and instruments

Goods & Services

Angioplasty balloon catheter to be used by interventional radiologists, cardiologists and surgeons.

2.

BALLOON CATHETER AND METHODS OF USE TO REDUCE RESIDUAL STENOSIS

      
Application Number 18339049
Status Pending
Filing Date 2023-06-21
First Publication Date 2024-01-04
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor Giasolli, Robert M.

Abstract

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well reducing vessel recoil, reducing residual stenosis, and increasing volumetric blood flow post angioplasty. The design, methods of use, intended outcomes, and process to build this type of balloon is described herein.

IPC Classes  ?

3.

CAGE FOR MEDICAL BALLOON

      
Application Number 18351887
Status Pending
Filing Date 2023-07-13
First Publication Date 2024-01-04
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter

Abstract

A cage can be positioned around a medical balloon, such as an angioplasty balloon, to assist in a medical procedure. The cage can include a plurality of strips, each extending between a set of rings including first and second rings. As the balloon expands, the first and second rings move closer together and allow the strips to expand outward. The cage may have wedge dissectors on the strips.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B29C 48/09 - Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
  • B29C 48/00 - Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired formApparatus therefor
  • A61L 29/04 - Macromolecular materials
  • B29C 63/00 - Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plasticsApparatus therefor
  • B29C 65/48 - Joining of preformed partsApparatus therefor using adhesives

4.

BALLOON CATHETER AND METHODS OF USE TO REDUCE RESIDUAL STENOSIS

      
Application Number US2023068817
Publication Number 2023/250378
Status In Force
Filing Date 2023-06-21
Publication Date 2023-12-28
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor Giasolli, Robert, M.

Abstract

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well reducing vessel recoil, reducing residual stenosis, and increasing volumetric blood flow post angioplasty. The design, methods of use, intended outcomes, and process to build this type of balloon is described herein.

IPC Classes  ?

5.

WEDGE DISSECTORS FOR A MEDICAL BALLOON

      
Application Number 18333371
Status Pending
Filing Date 2023-06-12
First Publication Date 2023-12-14
Owner Cagent Vascular, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter

Abstract

A cage can be positioned around a medical balloon, such as an angioplasty balloon, to assist in a medical procedure. The cage can include a plurality of strips, each extending between a set of rings including first and second rings. As the balloon expands, the first and second rings move closer together and allow the strips to expand outward. The cage may have wedge dissectors on the strips.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B65D 19/42 - Arrangements or applications of rollers or wheels
  • B65D 19/44 - Elements or devices for locating articles on platforms
  • B65D 85/48 - Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for glass sheets
  • B65G 1/02 - Storage devices

6.

SERRATION BALLOON

      
Application Number 18327626
Status Pending
Filing Date 2023-06-01
First Publication Date 2023-11-16
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert M.

Abstract

A serration balloon can have a number of different components and can be made in a number of different manners. One or more longitudinally extending members with periodic raised wedges can be attached to a medical balloon. They can be attached with a fiber coating, a polymer coating, or other methods. A polymer matrix can be used to bond the longitudinally extending member to the surface of the balloon. The fiber coating can be, for example, a thread or mesh that secures the longitudinally extending member to the balloon. The medical balloon can be an angioplasty balloon, such as an off-the-shelf angioplasty balloon.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B29C 70/72 - Encapsulating inserts having non-encapsulated projections, e.g. extremities or terminal portions of electrical components

7.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PLAQUE SERRATION

      
Application Number 17983223
Status Pending
Filing Date 2022-11-08
First Publication Date 2023-03-23
Owner Cagent Vascular, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert

Abstract

A device and method for intravascular treatment of atherosclerotic plaque prior to balloon angioplasty which microperforates the plaque with small sharp spikes acting as serrations for forming cleavage lines or planes in the plaque. The spikes may also be used to transport medication into the plaque. The plaque preparation treatment enables subsequent angioplasty to be performed at low balloon pressures of about 4 atmospheres or less, reduces dissections, and avoids injury to the arterial wall. The subsequent angioplasty may be performed with a drug-eluting balloon (DEB) or drug-coated balloon (DCB). The pre-angioplasty perforation procedure enables more drug to be absorbed during DEB or DCB angioplasty, and makes the need for a stent less likely. Alternatively, any local incidence of plaque dissection after balloon angioplasty may be treated by applying a thin, ring-shaped tack at the dissection site only, rather than applying a stent over the overall plaque site.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61B 17/20 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination
  • A61B 17/3207 - Atherectomy devices

8.

MEDICAL BALLOON CATHETERS WITH ENHANCED PUSHABILITY

      
Application Number 17831893
Status Pending
Filing Date 2022-06-03
First Publication Date 2022-12-22
Owner Cagent Vascular, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter
  • Burns, Carol

Abstract

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well as drug delivery.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61M 25/00 - CathetersHollow probes
  • B29C 65/14 - Joining of preformed partsApparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy or particle radiation
  • B29C 65/48 - Joining of preformed partsApparatus therefor using adhesives

9.

Wedge dissectors for a medical balloon

      
Application Number 17844464
Grant Number 11717654
Status In Force
Filing Date 2022-06-20
First Publication Date 2022-10-13
Grant Date 2023-08-08
Owner Cagent Vascular, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter

Abstract

A cage can be positioned around a medical balloon, such as an angioplasty balloon, to assist in a medical procedure. The cage can include a plurality of strips, each extending between a set of rings including first and second rings. As the balloon expands, the first and second rings move closer together and allow the strips to expand outward. The cage may have wedge dissectors on the strips.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B65D 19/42 - Arrangements or applications of rollers or wheels
  • B65D 19/44 - Elements or devices for locating articles on platforms
  • B65D 85/48 - Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for glass sheets
  • B65G 1/02 - Storage devices
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for

10.

Serration balloon

      
Application Number 17688010
Grant Number 11701502
Status In Force
Filing Date 2022-03-07
First Publication Date 2022-07-28
Grant Date 2023-07-18
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert M.

Abstract

A serration balloon can have a number of different components and can be made in a number of different manners. One or more longitudinally extending members with periodic raised wedges can be attached to a medical balloon. They can be attached with a fiber coating, a polymer coating, or other methods. A polymer matrix can be used to bond the longitudinally extending member to the surface of the balloon. The fiber coating can be, for example, a thread or mesh that secures the longitudinally extending member to the balloon. The medical balloon can be an angioplasty balloon, such as an off-the-shelf angioplasty balloon.

IPC Classes  ?

  • B32B 41/00 - Arrangements for controlling or monitoring lamination processesSafety arrangements
  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B29C 70/72 - Encapsulating inserts having non-encapsulated projections, e.g. extremities or terminal portions of electrical components
  • B29L 31/00 - Other particular articles

11.

BALLOON CATHETER AND METHODS OF USE

      
Document Number 03205481
Status Pending
Filing Date 2021-09-29
Open to Public Date 2022-07-07
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Johansson, Peter

Abstract

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well as drug delivery. Such balloon blowing techniques can reduce the balloon profile, the material costs, and the manufacturing time to build a serrated balloon catheter device. The design and process to build this type of balloon is described herein.

IPC Classes  ?

12.

BALLOON CATHETER AND METHODS OF USE

      
Application Number US2021071644
Publication Number 2022/147375
Status In Force
Filing Date 2021-09-29
Publication Date 2022-07-07
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert, M.
  • Johansson, Peter

Abstract

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well as drug delivery. Such balloon blowing techniques can reduce the balloon profile, the material costs, and the manufacturing time to build a serrated balloon catheter device. The design and process to build this type of balloon is described herein.

IPC Classes  ?

13.

BALLOON CATHETER AND METHODS OF USE

      
Application Number 17489375
Status Pending
Filing Date 2021-09-29
First Publication Date 2022-07-07
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Johansson, Peter

Abstract

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well as drug delivery. Such balloon blowing techniques can reduce the balloon profile, the material costs, and the manufacturing time to build a serrated balloon catheter device. The design and process to build this type of balloon is described herein.

IPC Classes  ?

14.

System and method for plaque serration

      
Application Number 17549672
Grant Number 11529501
Status In Force
Filing Date 2021-12-13
First Publication Date 2022-05-19
Grant Date 2022-12-20
Owner Gagent Vascular, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert

Abstract

A device and method for intravascular treatment of atherosclerotic plaque prior to balloon angioplasty which microperforates the plaque with small sharp spikes acting as serrations for forming cleavage lines or planes in the plaque. The spikes may also be used to transport medication into the plaque. The plaque preparation treatment enables subsequent angioplasty to be performed at low balloon pressures of about 4 atmospheres or less, reduces dissections, and avoids injury to the arterial wall. The subsequent angioplasty may be performed with a drug-eluting balloon (DEB) or drug-coated balloon (DCB). The pre-angioplasty perforation procedure enables more drug to be absorbed during DEB or DCB angioplasty, and makes the need for a stent less likely. Alternatively, any local incidence of plaque dissection after balloon angioplasty may be treated by applying a thin, ring-shaped tack at the dissection site only, rather than applying a stent over the overall plaque site.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61M 25/00 - CathetersHollow probes
  • A61M 37/00 - Other apparatus for introducing media into the bodyPercutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
  • A61B 17/20 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination
  • A61B 17/3207 - Atherectomy devices
  • A61B 17/00 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for

15.

INTRAVASCULAR DEVICE

      
Application Number 17494640
Status Pending
Filing Date 2021-10-05
First Publication Date 2022-03-24
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert M.

Abstract

An intravascular device can comprise a carrier and an expansion apparatus. The device can be used for intravascular treatment of atherosclerotic plaque. The carrier can be reversibly expandable and collapsible within a vessel and can have ribbon strips extending between opposite ends in a longitudinal direction of the carrier. The ribbon strips can each be formed with a plurality of elongated protrusions thereon. The expansion apparatus can be used to actuate the ribbon strips each with the plurality elongated protrusions to pierce a luminal surface of the plaque with lines or patterns of microperforations which act as serrations for forming cleavage lines or planes in the plaque.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61B 17/3207 - Atherectomy devices
  • A61M 25/00 - CathetersHollow probes
  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for

16.

System and method for plaque serration

      
Application Number 17389894
Grant Number 11229777
Status In Force
Filing Date 2021-07-30
First Publication Date 2021-11-18
Grant Date 2022-01-25
Owner Cagent Vascular, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert

Abstract

A device and method for intravascular treatment of atherosclerotic plaque prior to balloon angioplasty which microperforates the plaque with small sharp spikes acting as serrations for forming cleavage lines or planes in the plaque. The spikes may also be used to transport medication into the plaque. The plaque preparation treatment enables subsequent angioplasty to be performed at low balloon pressures of about 4 atmospheres or less, reduces dissections, and avoids injury to the arterial wall. The subsequent angioplasty may be performed with a drug-eluting balloon (DEB) or drug-coated balloon (DCB). The pre-angioplasty perforation procedure enables more drug to be absorbed during DEB or DCB angioplasty, and makes the need for a stent less likely. Alternatively, any local incidence of plaque dissection after balloon angioplasty may be treated by applying a thin, ring-shaped tack at the dissection site only, rather than applying a stent over the overall plaque site.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61M 37/00 - Other apparatus for introducing media into the bodyPercutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
  • A61B 17/20 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
  • A61B 17/00 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B 17/3207 - Atherectomy devices
  • A61M 25/00 - CathetersHollow probes

17.

Wedge dissectors for a medical balloon

      
Application Number 17390078
Grant Number 11266818
Status In Force
Filing Date 2021-07-30
First Publication Date 2021-11-18
Grant Date 2022-03-08
Owner Cagent Vascular, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter

Abstract

A cage can be positioned around a medical balloon, such as an angioplasty balloon, to assist in a medical procedure. The cage can include a plurality of strips, each extending between a set of rings including first and second rings. As the balloon expands, the first and second rings move closer together and allow the strips to expand outward. The cage may have wedge dissectors on the strips.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B65D 19/42 - Arrangements or applications of rollers or wheels
  • B65D 19/44 - Elements or devices for locating articles on platforms
  • B65D 85/48 - Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for glass sheets
  • B65G 1/02 - Storage devices
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for

18.

System and method for plaque serration

      
Application Number 17390091
Grant Number 11219750
Status In Force
Filing Date 2021-07-30
First Publication Date 2021-11-18
Grant Date 2022-01-11
Owner Cagent Vascular, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert

Abstract

A device and method for intravascular treatment of atherosclerotic plaque prior to balloon angioplasty which microperforates the plaque with small sharp spikes acting as serrations for forming cleavage lines or planes in the plaque. The spikes may also be used to transport medication into the plaque. The plaque preparation treatment enables subsequent angioplasty to be performed at low balloon pressures of about 4 atmospheres or less, reduces dissections, and avoids injury to the arterial wall. The subsequent angioplasty may be performed with a drug-eluting balloon (DEB) or drug-coated balloon (DCB). The pre-angioplasty perforation procedure enables more drug to be absorbed during DEB or DCB angioplasty, and makes the need for a stent less likely. Alternatively, any local incidence of plaque dissection after balloon angioplasty may be treated by applying a thin, ring-shaped tack at the dissection site only, rather than applying a stent over the overall plaque site.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61B 17/20 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination
  • A61B 17/3207 - Atherectomy devices
  • A61M 37/00 - Other apparatus for introducing media into the bodyPercutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
  • A61M 25/00 - CathetersHollow probes
  • A61B 17/00 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods

19.

Medical balloon catheters with enhanced pushability

      
Application Number 17390122
Grant Number 11369779
Status In Force
Filing Date 2021-07-30
First Publication Date 2021-11-18
Grant Date 2022-06-28
Owner Cagent Vascular, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter
  • Burns, Carol

Abstract

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well as drug delivery.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 31/00 - Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
  • A61M 37/00 - Other apparatus for introducing media into the bodyPercutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
  • A61M 29/00 - Dilators with or without means for introducing media, e.g. remedies
  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61M 25/00 - CathetersHollow probes
  • B29C 65/14 - Joining of preformed partsApparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy or particle radiation
  • B29C 65/48 - Joining of preformed partsApparatus therefor using adhesives

20.

Wedge dissectors for a medical balloon

      
Application Number 17390134
Grant Number 11266819
Status In Force
Filing Date 2021-07-30
First Publication Date 2021-11-18
Grant Date 2022-03-08
Owner Cagent Vascular, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter

Abstract

A cage can be positioned around a medical balloon, such as an angioplasty balloon, to assist in a medical procedure. The cage can include a plurality of strips, each extending between a set of rings including first and second rings. As the balloon expands, the first and second rings move closer together and allow the strips to expand outward. The cage may have wedge dissectors on the strips.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B65D 19/42 - Arrangements or applications of rollers or wheels
  • B65D 19/44 - Elements or devices for locating articles on platforms
  • B65D 85/48 - Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for glass sheets
  • B65G 1/02 - Storage devices
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for

21.

Serration balloon

      
Application Number 17320791
Grant Number 11298513
Status In Force
Filing Date 2021-05-14
First Publication Date 2021-09-30
Grant Date 2022-04-12
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert M.

Abstract

A serration balloon can have a number of different components and can be made in a number of different manners. One or more longitudinally extending members with periodic raised wedges can be attached to a medical balloon. They can be attached with a fiber coating, a polymer coating, or other methods. A polymer matrix can be used to bond the longitudinally extending member to the surface of the balloon. The fiber coating can be, for example, a thread or mesh that secures the longitudinally extending member to the balloon. The medical balloon can be an angioplasty balloon, such as an off-the-shelf angioplasty balloon.

IPC Classes  ?

  • B32B 41/00 - Arrangements for controlling or monitoring lamination processesSafety arrangements
  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B29C 70/72 - Encapsulating inserts having non-encapsulated projections, e.g. extremities or terminal portions of electrical components
  • B29L 31/00 - Other particular articles

22.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF DEPOSITING DRUG INTO TISSUE THROUGH SERRATIONS

      
Application Number 17138724
Status Pending
Filing Date 2020-12-30
First Publication Date 2021-07-15
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter
  • Burns, Carol

Abstract

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well as drug delivery.

IPC Classes  ?

23.

Cage for medical balloon

      
Application Number 16673882
Grant Number 11738181
Status In Force
Filing Date 2019-11-04
First Publication Date 2020-06-18
Grant Date 2023-08-29
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter

Abstract

A cage can be positioned around a medical balloon, such as an angioplasty balloon, to assist in a medical procedure. The cage can include a plurality of strips, each extending between a set of rings including first and second rings. As the balloon expands, the first and second rings move closer together and allow the strips to expand outward. The cage may have wedge dissectors on the strips.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B29C 48/09 - Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
  • B29C 48/00 - Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired formApparatus therefor
  • A61L 29/04 - Macromolecular materials
  • B29C 63/00 - Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plasticsApparatus therefor
  • B29C 65/48 - Joining of preformed partsApparatus therefor using adhesives
  • B29L 31/00 - Other particular articles

24.

MEDICAL BALLOON CATHETERS WITH ENHANCED PUSHABILITY

      
Application Number 16522238
Status Pending
Filing Date 2019-07-25
First Publication Date 2020-05-21
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter
  • Burns, Carol

Abstract

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well as drug delivery.

IPC Classes  ?

25.

Serration balloon

      
Application Number 16680135
Grant Number 11040178
Status In Force
Filing Date 2019-11-11
First Publication Date 2020-05-14
Grant Date 2021-06-22
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert M.

Abstract

A serration balloon can have a number of different components and can be made in a number of different manners. One or more longitudinally extending members with periodic raised wedges can be attached to a medical balloon. They can be attached with a fiber coating, a polymer coating, or other methods. A polymer matrix can be used to bond the longitudinally extending member to the surface of the balloon. The fiber coating can be, for example, a thread or mesh that secures the longitudinally extending member to the balloon. The medical balloon can be an angioplasty balloon, such as an off-the-shelf angioplasty balloon.

IPC Classes  ?

  • B32B 41/00 - Arrangements for controlling or monitoring lamination processesSafety arrangements
  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B29C 70/72 - Encapsulating inserts having non-encapsulated projections, e.g. extremities or terminal portions of electrical components
  • B29L 31/00 - Other particular articles

26.

Wedge dissectors for a medical balloon

      
Application Number 16708323
Grant Number 10689154
Status In Force
Filing Date 2019-12-09
First Publication Date 2020-05-07
Grant Date 2020-06-23
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter

Abstract

A cage can be positioned around a medical balloon, such as an angioplasty balloon, to assist in a medical procedure. The cage can include a plurality of strips, each extending between a set of rings including first and second rings. As the balloon expands, the first and second rings move closer together and allow the strips to expand outward. The cage may have wedge dissectors on the strips.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
  • B65D 19/44 - Elements or devices for locating articles on platforms
  • B65G 1/02 - Storage devices
  • B65D 85/48 - Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for glass sheets
  • B65D 19/42 - Arrangements or applications of rollers or wheels

27.

MEDICAL BALLOON CATHETERS WITH ENHANCED PUSHABILITY

      
Document Number 03105746
Status Pending
Filing Date 2019-07-25
Open to Public Date 2020-01-30
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter
  • Burns, Carol

Abstract

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well as drug delivery.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61M 25/00 - CathetersHollow probes
  • A61M 29/02 - Inflatable dilatorsDilators made of swellable materials
  • A61M 31/00 - Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body

28.

Wedge dissectors for a medical balloon

      
Application Number 16234422
Grant Number 11123527
Status In Force
Filing Date 2018-12-27
First Publication Date 2019-08-08
Grant Date 2021-09-21
Owner Cagent Vascular, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter

Abstract

A cage can be positioned around a medical balloon, such as an angioplasty balloon, to assist in a medical procedure. The cage can include a plurality of strips, each extending between a set of rings including first and second rings. As the balloon expands, the first and second rings move closer together and allow the strips to expand outward. The cage may have wedge dissectors on the strips.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B65D 19/42 - Arrangements or applications of rollers or wheels
  • B65D 19/44 - Elements or devices for locating articles on platforms
  • B65D 85/48 - Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for glass sheets
  • B65G 1/02 - Storage devices
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for

29.

Systems and methods of depositing drug into tissue through serrations

      
Application Number 15815260
Grant Number 10905863
Status In Force
Filing Date 2017-11-16
First Publication Date 2018-07-19
Grant Date 2021-02-02
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter
  • Burns, Carol

Abstract

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well as drug delivery.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
  • A61B 17/3207 - Atherectomy devices
  • C23F 4/00 - Processes for removing metallic material from surfaces, not provided for in group or
  • C23F 1/02 - Local etching

30.

SERRANATOR

      
Serial Number 87951314
Status Registered
Filing Date 2018-06-06
Registration Date 2019-08-06
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. ()
NICE Classes  ? 10 - Medical apparatus and instruments

Goods & Services

Angioplasty balloon catheter to be used by interventional radiologists, cardiologists and surgeons

31.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF DEPOSITING DRUG INTO TISSUE THROUGH SERRATIONS

      
Document Number 03044046
Status Pending
Filing Date 2017-11-16
Open to Public Date 2018-05-24
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter
  • Burns, Carol

Abstract

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well as drug delivery.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61M 37/00 - Other apparatus for introducing media into the bodyPercutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin

32.

Serration balloon

      
Application Number 15523936
Grant Number 10471238
Status In Force
Filing Date 2015-11-03
First Publication Date 2017-11-23
Grant Date 2019-11-12
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert M.

Abstract

A serration balloon can have a number of different components and can be made in a number of different manners. One or more longitudinally extending members with periodic raised wedges can be attached to a medical balloon. They can be attached with a fiber coating, a polymer coating, or other methods. A polymer matrix can be used to bond the longitudinally extending member to the surface of the balloon. The fiber coating can be, for example, a thread or mesh that secures the longitudinally extending member to the balloon. The medical balloon can be an angioplasty balloon, such as an off-the-shelf angioplasty balloon.

IPC Classes  ?

  • B32B 41/00 - Arrangements for controlling or monitoring lamination processesSafety arrangements
  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B29C 70/72 - Encapsulating inserts having non-encapsulated projections, e.g. extremities or terminal portions of electrical components
  • B29L 31/00 - Other particular articles

33.

Method for plaque serration

      
Application Number 15276575
Grant Number 11141573
Status In Force
Filing Date 2016-09-26
First Publication Date 2017-04-20
Grant Date 2021-10-12
Owner Cagent Vascular, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert

Abstract

A device and method for intravascular treatment of atherosclerotic plaque prior to balloon angioplasty which microperforates the plaque with small sharp spikes acting as serrations for forming cleavage lines or planes in the plaque. The spikes may also be used to transport medication into the plaque. The plaque preparation treatment enables subsequent angioplasty to be performed at low balloon pressures of about 4 atmospheres or less, reduces dissections, and avoids injury to the arterial wall. The subsequent angioplasty may be performed with a drug-eluting balloon (DEB) or drug-coated balloon (DCB). The pre-angioplasty perforation procedure enables more drug to be absorbed during DEB or DCB angioplasty, and makes the need for a stent less likely. Alternatively, any local incidence of plaque dissection after balloon angioplasty may be treated by applying a thin, ring-shaped tack at the dissection site only, rather than applying a stent over the overall plaque site.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61B 17/20 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination
  • A61B 17/3207 - Atherectomy devices
  • A61B 17/00 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61M 25/00 - CathetersHollow probes
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
  • A61M 37/00 - Other apparatus for introducing media into the bodyPercutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin

34.

Cage for medical balloon

      
Application Number 15316067
Grant Number 10463842
Status In Force
Filing Date 2015-06-03
First Publication Date 2017-04-13
Grant Date 2019-11-05
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter

Abstract

A cage can be positioned around a medical balloon, such as an angioplasty balloon, to assist in a medical procedure. The cage can include a plurality of strips, each extending between a set of rings including first and second rings. As the balloon expands, the first and second rings move closer together and allow the strips to expand outward. The cage may have wedge dissectors on the strips.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • B29C 48/09 - Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
  • B29C 48/00 - Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired formApparatus therefor
  • A61L 29/04 - Macromolecular materials
  • B29C 63/00 - Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plasticsApparatus therefor
  • B29C 65/48 - Joining of preformed partsApparatus therefor using adhesives
  • B29L 31/00 - Other particular articles

35.

Miscellaneous Design

      
Serial Number 87399609
Status Registered
Filing Date 2017-04-05
Registration Date 2018-05-22
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. ()
NICE Classes  ? 10 - Medical apparatus and instruments

Goods & Services

Angioplasty balloon catheter to be used by interventional radiologists, cardiologists and surgeons

36.

WEDGE DISSECTORS FOR A MEDICAL BALLOON

      
Document Number 02998162
Status Pending
Filing Date 2016-09-16
Open to Public Date 2017-03-23
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for

37.

Wedge dissectors for a medical balloon

      
Application Number 15268407
Grant Number 10166374
Status In Force
Filing Date 2016-09-16
First Publication Date 2017-03-23
Grant Date 2019-01-01
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Giasolli, Robert M.
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Johansson, Peter

Abstract

A cage can be positioned around a medical balloon, such as an angioplasty balloon, to assist in a medical procedure. The cage can include a plurality of strips, each extending between a set of rings including first and second rings. As the balloon expands, the first and second rings move closer together and allow the strips to expand outward. The cage may have wedge dissectors on the strips.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for

38.

Method of enhancing drug uptake from a drug-eluting balloon

      
Application Number 15212028
Grant Number 11166742
Status In Force
Filing Date 2016-07-15
First Publication Date 2016-11-10
Grant Date 2021-11-09
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert M.

Abstract

An intravascular device can comprise a carrier and an expansion apparatus. The device can be used for intravascular treatment of atherosclerotic plaque. The carrier can be reversibly expandable and collapsible within a vessel and can have ribbon strips extending between opposite ends in a longitudinal direction of the carrier. The ribbon strips can each be formed with a plurality of elongated protrusions thereon. The expansion apparatus can be used to actuate the ribbon strips each with the plurality elongated protrusions to pierce a luminal surface of the plaque with lines or patterns of microperforations which act as serrations for forming cleavage lines or planes in the plaque.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61B 17/3207 - Atherectomy devices
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
  • A61B 17/20 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination
  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61M 25/00 - CathetersHollow probes

39.

SERRANATOR

      
Serial Number 87145836
Status Registered
Filing Date 2016-08-22
Registration Date 2017-03-28
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. ()
NICE Classes  ? 10 - Medical apparatus and instruments

Goods & Services

Angioplasty balloon catheter to be used by interventional radiologists, cardiologists and surgeons

40.

SERRATION BALLOON

      
Document Number 02969535
Status Pending
Filing Date 2015-11-03
Open to Public Date 2016-05-12
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert

Abstract

A serration balloon can have a number of different components and can be made in a number of different manners. One or more longitudinally extending members with periodic raised wedges can be attached to a medical balloon. They can be attached with a fiber coating, a polymer coating, or other methods. A polymer matrix can be used to bond the longitudinally extending member to the surface of the balloon. The fiber coating can be, for example, a thread or mesh that secures the longitudinally extending member to the balloon. The medical balloon can be an angioplasty balloon, such as an off-the-shelf angioplasty balloon.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61B 17/3207 - Atherectomy devices
  • A61M 31/00 - Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
  • A61M 37/00 - Other apparatus for introducing media into the bodyPercutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
  • A61F 2/958 - Inflatable balloons for placing stents or stent-grafts

41.

CAGENT VASCULAR

      
Serial Number 86403371
Status Registered
Filing Date 2014-09-23
Registration Date 2016-09-27
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. ()
NICE Classes  ? 10 - Medical apparatus and instruments

Goods & Services

cardiovascular device balloon catheters to be used by interventional radiologists, cardiologists and surgeons

42.

CAGENT VASCULAR

      
Serial Number 86403275
Status Registered
Filing Date 2014-09-23
Registration Date 2016-09-20
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. ()
NICE Classes  ? 10 - Medical apparatus and instruments

Goods & Services

cardiovascular device balloon catheter to be used by interventional radiologists, cardiologists and surgeons

43.

CAGENT VASCULAR

      
Serial Number 86337489
Status Registered
Filing Date 2014-07-15
Registration Date 2016-09-20
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. ()
NICE Classes  ? 10 - Medical apparatus and instruments

Goods & Services

cardiovascular device balloon catheter to be used by interventional radiologists, cardiologists and surgeons

44.

Intravascular device

      
Application Number 13689657
Grant Number 09393386
Status In Force
Filing Date 2012-11-29
First Publication Date 2013-06-27
Grant Date 2016-07-19
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert M.

Abstract

An intravascular device can comprise a carrier and an expansion apparatus. The device can be used for intravascular treatment of atherosclerotic plaque. The carrier can be reversibly expandable and collapsible within a vessel and can have ribbon strips extending between opposite ends in a longitudinal direction of the carrier. The ribbon strips can each be formed with a plurality of elongated protrusions thereon. The expansion apparatus can be used to actuate the ribbon strips each with the plurality elongated protrusions to pierce a luminal surface of the plaque with lines or patterns of microperforations which act as serrations for forming cleavage lines or planes in the plaque.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
  • A61M 25/00 - CathetersHollow probes
  • A61B 17/20 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination
  • A61B 17/3207 - Atherectomy devices

45.

Intravascular device

      
Application Number 12562511
Grant Number 09480826
Status In Force
Filing Date 2009-09-18
First Publication Date 2010-02-18
Grant Date 2016-11-01
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert

Abstract

A device and method for intravascular treatment of atherosclerotic plaque prior to balloon angioplasty. An intravascular device can comprise a carrier configured for expansion within a vessel. The carrier can have a s plurality of ribbon strips extending longitudinally between a first end and a second end. An open slot can be positioned between adjacent ribbon strips. A plurality of spikes can be positioned on each of the ribbon strips. The spikes can act as serrations for forming cleavage lines or planes in plaque in the vessel. The spikes may also be used to transport medication into the plaque. The plaque preparation treatment can enables subsequent angioplasty to be performed at low balloon pressures, can reduces dissections, and avoids injury to the arterial wall.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 25/10 - Balloon catheters
  • A61B 17/20 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination
  • A61B 17/3207 - Atherectomy devices
  • A61B 17/22 - Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the bodyImplements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bonesSurgical instruments, devices or methods for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrationsSurgical instruments, devices or methods for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
  • A61M 25/00 - CathetersHollow probes

46.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPENING BLOOD VESSELS BY PRE-ANGIOPLASTY SERRATION AND DILATATION OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE

      
Document Number 02718067
Status In Force
Filing Date 2009-03-20
Open to Public Date 2009-09-24
Grant Date 2014-07-08
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter A.
  • Giasolli, Robert

Abstract

A device and method for intravascular treatment of atherosclerotic plaque perforates the plaque with microperforations by small sharp spikes to act as serrations for forming cleavage lines or planes in the plaque. In preferred embodiments, expansion may be obtained by mechanical apparatus, expansion balloon, or balloon- assisted deployment. The plaque treatment enables a subsequent balloon angioplasty to be performed without creating substantial dissections and at low balloon pressure so as to avoid injury to the arterial wall. The plaque treatment may include dilatation of the plaque at low pressure, sufficiently that no subsequent balloon angioplasty is needed. The plaque preparation may be followed by applying one or a few ring tacks to secure the compressed plaque with minimal emplacement of foreign material.

IPC Classes  ?

47.

Device and method for opening blood vessels by pre-angioplasty serration and dilatation of atherosclerotic plaque

      
Application Number 12408035
Grant Number 08323243
Status In Force
Filing Date 2009-03-20
First Publication Date 2009-09-24
Grant Date 2012-12-04
Owner CAGENT VASCULAR, INC. (USA)
Inventor
  • Schneider, Peter
  • Giasolli, Robert

Abstract

An intravascular device can comprise a carrier and an expansion apparatus. The device can be used for intravascular treatment of atherosclerotic plaque. The carrier can be reversibly expandable and collapsible within a vessel and can have ribbon strips extending between opposite ends in a longitudinal direction of the carrier. The ribbon strips can each be formed with a plurality of elongated protrusions thereon. The expansion apparatus can be used to actuate the ribbon strips each with the plurality elongated protrusions to pierce a luminal surface of the plaque with lines or patterns of microperforations which act as serrations for forming cleavage lines or planes in the plaque.

IPC Classes  ?

  • A61M 29/00 - Dilators with or without means for introducing media, e.g. remedies
  • A61M 31/00 - Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
  • A61M 37/00 - Other apparatus for introducing media into the bodyPercutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin