Abstract

Processes of catalytically pyrolyzing solid hydrocarbonaceous materials in a downflow fluid bed reactor and regenerating the catalyst in an upflow fluidized bed reactor are described. Systems and compositions useful in the catalytic pyroly sis of plastics are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10B 49/10 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique

Abstract

Processes of catalytically pyrolyzing solid hydrocarbonaceous materials in a downflow fluid bed reactor and regenerating the catalyst in an upflow fluidized bed reactor are described. Systems and compositions useful in the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts

Abstract

A two-step process is described that includes a pyrolytic first step and a catalytic fluid bed second step that without separation upgrades the resulting raw pyrolysis products, for the conversion of waste plastics, polymers, and other waste materials to useful chemical and fuel products such as paraffins, olefins, and aromatics such as BTX.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• B01D 21/26 - Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force
• B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• C07C 4/06 - Catalytic processes
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste

Abstract

A distributed system for the conversion of waste plastics, polymers, and other waste materials to useful chemical and fuel products such as paraffins, olefins, and aromatics such as BTX in a thermochemical process that includes the pretreatment of the feed mixture before a catalytic pyrolytic process, is described; the pretreatment includes raising the temperature of the waste plastics to at least 100 °C. A two-step process is described that includes a pyrolytic first step and a catalytic fluid bed second step that without separation upgrades the resulting raw pyrolysis products, for the conversion of waste plastics, polymers, and other waste materials to useful chemical and fuel products such as paraffins, olefins, and aromatics such as BTX. In another embodiment, the method or system for upgrading waste plastics to useful products comprising a first pyrolysis reactor and a catalytic fluidized bed reactor that together form one spoke of a ' hub-and-spoke' network for producing refined chemical intermediates, wherein each of the more than one plastics upgrading sites (the spokes) produces condensed phase products that are sent to a central processing facility (the hub) for separation and purification into product streams or for catalytic upgrading, separation, and purification into product streams.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• C10B 57/02 - Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal

Abstract

A method of producing olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons from waste plastics comprising feeding a mixture of plastics along with the products of the oxidation of light hydrocarbons to a process in which the feed mixture is catalytically pyrolyzed to produce olefins and aromatics.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C07C 2/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10G 27/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation
• C07C 2/82 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen oxidative coupling

Abstract

A method of producing olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons from waste plastics comprising feeding a mixture of plastics along with the products of the oxidation of light hydrocarbons to a process in which the feed mixture is catalytically pyrolyzed to produce olefins and aromatics.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C07C 1/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by reduction
• C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal

Abstract

A process that removes chlorine or other halogens from plastic mixtures by passing a plastic mixture through an extruder, a mixer, and one or more devolatilization vessels.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08J 11/12 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by dry-heat treatment only

Abstract

A process that removes chlorine or other halogens from plastic mixtures by passing a plastic mixture through an extruder, a mixer, and one or more devolatilization vessels.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 6/28 - Purification
• C08G 85/00 - General processes for preparing compounds provided for in this subclass

Abstract

A process that separates the fillers found in plastics from catalyst and the gases in a fluid bed catalytic pyrolysis process for the conversion of waste plastics, polymers, and other waste materials to useful chemical and fuel products such as paraffins, olefins, and aromatics such as BTX, is described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• C07C 4/06 - Catalytic processes
• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• C10B 57/02 - Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10G 47/30 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles according to the "fluidised bed" technique

Abstract

A process that separates the fillers found in plastics from catalyst and the gases in a fluid bed catalytic pyrolysis process for the conversion of waste plastics, polymers, and other waste materials to useful chemical and fuel products such as paraffins, olefins, and aromatics such as BTX, is described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10B 49/10 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• B01D 45/12 - Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
• C10K 1/02 - Dust removal
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• C08J 11/12 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by dry-heat treatment only

Abstract

Processes of catalytically pyrolyzing solid hydrocarbonaceous materials in a downflow fluid bed reactor and regenerating the catalyst in an upflow fluidized bed reactor are described. Systems and compositions useful in the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10B 47/30 - Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres

Goods & Services

Chemical engineering services; Chemical engineering services for converting discarded clothing and textiles to aromatics and other useful chemicals for chemical and fuels applications

Abstract

A two-step process that includes a pyrolytic first step carried out in a mechanically or gravitationally impelled reactor and a catalytic fluid bed second step that upgrades the resulting vapor, for the conversion of waste plastics, polymers, and other waste materials to useful chemical and fuel products such as paraffins, olefins, and aromatics such as BTX is described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts

Abstract

Medicines that are used to treat diseases are conventionally made from starting materials that are derived from fossil fuels and therefore contain essentially no 14C. In the present invention, medicines can be partially or fully derived from biological sources and therefore contain about one part per trillion (ppt) 14C. These compounds have been discovered as superior for the treatment of disease because they have surprisingly been found to substantially increase patient compliance. Compounds and methods of using partially or fully bio-based pharmaceutically active compounds to track metabolites are also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 31/495 - Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, e.g. piperazine
• A61K 31/137 - Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine
• A61K 31/4439 - Non-condensed pyridinesHydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
• A61K 45/06 - Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca

Abstract

The invention comprises methods of robotically separating unwanted heteroatom-containing materials from a plastic mixture and catalytically pyrolyzing the resulting mixed plastics to obtain olefins and aromatics. Systems and compositions useful in the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• B01J 38/12 - Treating with free oxygen-containing gas
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres

Abstract

The invention comprises methods of robotically separating unwanted heteroatom-containing materials from a plastic mixture and catalytically pyrolyzing the resulting mixed plastics to obtain olefins and aromatics. Systems and compositions useful in the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• B29B 17/04 - Disintegrating plastics
• B29B 17/02 - Separating plastics from other materials
• C08J 11/16 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with inorganic material

Abstract

Processes and apparatus are described for removing impurities from solid biomass while preserving hydrogen and carbon content. Examples are provided of processes using acidified aqueous solutions in a countercurrent extraction process that includes the pneumatic transport of slurries between process units, or a mechanical dewatering step, or both, to produce a washed biomass suitable for various upgrading and conversion processes. Compositions related to the processes are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• F23G 5/30 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels with combustion in a fluidised bed
• F23G 5/44 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels DetailsAccessories
• F23G 5/04 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment drying
• F23G 5/033 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment comminuting or crushing

Abstract

Processes are provided for removing impurities from solid biomass while preserving hydrogen and carbon content. Examples are provided of processes using acidified aqueous solutions in a countercurrent extraction process that includes the pneumatic transport of slurries between process units, or a mechanical dewatering step, or both, to produce a washed biomass suitable for various upgrading and conversion processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material

Abstract

Processes are provided for removing impurities from solid biomass while preserving hydrogen and carbon content. Examples are provided of processes using acidified aqueous solutions in a countercurrent extraction process that includes the pneumatic transport of slurries between process units, or a mechanical dewatering step, or both, to produce a washed biomass suitable for various upgrading and conversion processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material

Abstract

The invention comprises methods of catalytically pyrolyzing plastics. Since it has been discovered that plastics provide insufficient coke to provide adequate heat during catalyst regeneration, heat-forming additives can be introduced into the methods. Systems and compositions useful in the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique

Abstract

The invention comprises methods of catalytically pyrolyzing plastics. Since it has been discovered that plastics provide insufficient coke to provide adequate heat during catalyst regeneration, heat-forming additives can be introduced into the methods. Systems and compositions useful in the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique

Abstract

The present invention provides an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for increased yield of useful and desirable products. In particular, the process comprises an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for producing aromatic compounds, such as, for example, benzene, toluene and xylenes, from biomass feedstock containing impurities, such as, for example alkali and alkaline earth metal, sulfur and nitrogen components.

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10B 57/08 - Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge
• C02F 9/00 - Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
• C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
• C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
• C02F 11/10 - Treatment of sludgeDevices therefor by pyrolysis
• C02F 101/10 - Inorganic compounds
• C02F 101/12 - Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
• C02F 101/16 - Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia

Abstract

A process comprising separating from a biomass catalytic pyrolysis process effluent, a naphthalene-rich oil phase, a phenolic oil and a vapor phase containing off gas, water and BTX, whereby said vapor phase can be condensed to separate liquid water and liquid hydrocarbons from gaseous off gas and BTX.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 5/04 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas with liquid absorbents
• B01D 3/14 - Fractional distillation
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapoursRecovering volatile solvents by condensation

Abstract

Methods of separating and purifying products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and purified using a hydrotreating step that reduces the content of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen components, and hydrogenates olefins to produce aromatic products that meet commercial quality specifications.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C10L 10/12 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
• C10G 45/32 - Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds
• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

An improved process is provided for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, comprising pneumatically injecting a biomass feed via a pneumatic injection line into a fluidized heat medium, for example, hot catalyst, with a carrier gas at a velocity of from 5 to 40 m/s in at least one mixing zone in communication with a pyrolysis reactor in which catalytic pyrolysis occurs, and maintaining a catalyst/biomass mixture flowrate ratio (C/B) of from 4 to 40 downstream from the point of catalyst injection via a catalyst injection line in the at least one mixing zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 49/10 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material

Abstract

An improved process is provided for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, comprising pneumatically injecting a biomass feed via a pneumatic injection line into a fluidized heat medium, for example, hot catalyst, with a carrier gas at a velocity of from 5 to 40 m/s in at least one mixing zone in communication with a pyrolysis reactor in which catalytic pyrolysis occurs, and maintaining a catalyst/biomass mixture flowrate ratio (C/B) of from 4 to 40 downstream from the point of catalyst injection via a catalyst injection line in the at least one mixing zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 49/10 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material

Abstract

An improved process is provided for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, comprising pneumatically injecting a biomass feed via a pneumatic injection line into a fluidized heat medium, for example, hot catalyst, with a carrier gas at a velocity of from 5 to 40 m/s in at least one mixing zone in communication with a pyrolysis reactor in which catalytic pyrolysis occurs, and maintaining a catalyst/biomass mixture flowrate ratio (C/B) of from 4 to 40 downstream from the point of catalyst injection via a catalyst injection line in the at least one mixing zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• C10B 49/10 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10J 3/46 - Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels in suspension
• C10J 3/60 - Processes
• C10J 3/78 - High-pressure apparatus

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalytic fast pyrolysis process for the production of fuel blendstocks and chemicals. In addition, the invention provides compositions of renewable blendstocks, compositions of renewable fuel blends, and compositions of 100 percent renewable fuels compatible with gasoline specifications and regulations.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 45/54 - Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• C10G 45/56 - Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons with moving solid particles
• C07C 5/10 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of aromatic six-membered rings
• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/12 - Inorganic compounds
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalytic fast pyrolysis process for the production of fuel blendstocks and chemicals. In addition, the invention provides compositions of renewable blendstocks, compositions of renewable fuel blends, and compositions of 100 percent renewable fuels compatible with gasoline specifications and regulations.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/12 - Inorganic compounds
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C07C 5/10 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of aromatic six-membered rings
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 45/54 - Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• C10G 45/56 - Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons with moving solid particles

Abstract

Medicines that are used to treat diseases are conventionally made from starting materials that are derived from fossil fuels and therefore contain essentially no 14C. In the present invention, medicines can be partially or fully derived from biological sources and therefore contain about one part per trillion (ppt) 14C. These compounds have been discovered as superior for the treatment of disease because they have surprisingly been found to substantially increase patient compliance. Compounds and methods of using partially or fully bio-based pharmaceutically active compounds to track metabolites are also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 31/19 - Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
• A61K 31/137 - Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine
• A61K 31/495 - Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, e.g. piperazine
• A61P 37/08 - Antiallergic agents

Abstract

Medicines that are used to treat diseases are conventionally made from starting materials that are derived from fossil fuels and therefore contain essentially no 14C. In the present invention, medicines can be partially or fully derived from biological sources and therefore contain about one part per trillion (ppt) 14C. These compounds have been discovered as superior for the treatment of disease because they have surprisingly been found to substantially increase patient compliance. Compounds and methods of using partially or fully bio-based pharmaceutically active compounds to track metabolites are also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 31/19 - Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
• A61K 31/137 - Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine
• A61K 31/495 - Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, e.g. piperazine
• A61P 37/08 - Antiallergic agents

Abstract

Methods of separating products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and separated using a quench system and solvent contacting system that employs materials produced in the pyrolysis process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 209/86 - Separation
• C07C 209/08 - Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms with formation of amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
• C10G 7/00 - Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
• C07D 209/08 - IndolesHydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
• C07D 307/79 - Benzo [b] furansHydrogenated benzo [b] furans with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
• C07C 37/70 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment
• C10K 1/08 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquidsReviving the used wash liquors
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Goods & Services

Chemical engineering services; Chemical engineering services for converting discarded plastics to aromatics other useful chemicals for chemical and fuels applications

Abstract

A process comprising separating from a biomass catalytic pyrolysis process effluent, a naphthalene-rich oil phase, a phenolic oil and a vapor phase containing off gas, water and BTX, whereby said vapor phase can be condensed to separate liquid water and liquid hydrocarbons from gaseous off gas and BTX.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives

Abstract

A process comprising separating from a biomass catalytic pyrolysis process effluent, a naphthalene-rich oil phase, a phenolic oil and a vapor phase containing off gas, water and BTX, whereby said vapor phase can be condensed to separate liquid water and liquid hydrocarbons from gaseous off gas and BTX.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives

Abstract

Methods of separating products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and separated using a quench system and solvent contacting system that employs materials produced in the pyrolysis process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/70 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment
• C10G 7/00 - Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
• C07D 209/08 - IndolesHydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
• C07D 307/79 - Benzo [b] furansHydrogenated benzo [b] furans with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
• C07C 209/86 - Separation
• C10K 1/08 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquidsReviving the used wash liquors
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalytic fast pyrolysis process for the production of fuel blendstocks and chemicals. In addition, the invention provides compositions of renewable blendstocks, compositions of renewable fuel blends, and compositions of 100 percent renewable fuels compatible with gasoline specifications and regulations.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalytic fast pyrolysis process for the production of fuel blendstocks and chemicals. In addition, the invention provides compositions of renewable blendstocks, compositions of renewable fuel blends, and compositions of 100 percent renewable fuels compatible with gasoline specifications and regulations.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalytic fast pyrolysis process for the production of fuel blendstocks and chemicals. In addition, the invention provides compositions of renewable blendstocks, compositions of renewable fuel blends, and compositions of 100 percent renewable fuels compatible with gasoline specifications and regulations.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalytic fast pyrolysis process for the production of fuel blendstocks and chemicals. In addition, the invention provides compositions of renewable blendstocks, compositions of renewable fuel blends, and compositions of 100 percent renewable fuels compatible with gasoline specifications and regulations.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalytic fast pyrolysis process for the production of fuel blendstocks and chemicals. In addition, the invention provides compositions of renewable blendstocks, compositions of renewable fuel blends, and compositions of 100 percent renewable fuels compatible with gasoline specifications and regulations.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

The present invention provides an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for increased yield of useful and desirable products. In particular, the process comprises an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for producing aromatic compounds, such as, for example, benzene, toluene and xylenes, from biomass feedstock containing impurities, such as, for example alkali and alkaline earth metal, sulfur and nitrogen components.

IPC Classes  ?

• B02C 23/18 - Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation

Abstract

The present invention provides an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for increased yield of useful and desirable products. In particular, the process comprises an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for producing aromatic compounds, such as, for example, benzene, toluene and xylenes, from biomass feedstock containing impurities, such as, for example alkali and alkaline earth metal, sulfur and nitrogen components.

IPC Classes  ?

• B02C 23/18 - Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation

Abstract

The present invention provides an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for increased yield of useful and desirable products. In particular, the process comprises an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for producing aromatic compounds, such as, for example, benzene, toluene and xylenes, from biomass feedstock containing impurities, such as, for example alkali and alkaline earth metal, sulfur and nitrogen components.

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
• C02F 9/00 - Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10B 57/08 - Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
• C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
• C02F 11/10 - Treatment of sludgeDevices therefor by pyrolysis
• C02F 101/10 - Inorganic compounds
• C02F 101/12 - Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
• C02F 101/16 - Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia

Goods & Services

technical consultation, support and design in the field of chemical process development relating to a biomass conversion process; consultancy and advisory services in the field of chemical process development Licensing a proprietary chemical process that removes minerals from biomass

Abstract

The present invention provides an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for increased yield of useful and desirable products, while greatly reducing or eliminating fouling of various critical process lines which are likely to transfer heavy hydrocarbons, aromatics and oxygenates. The process comprises steps including feeding a fluid solvent stream having a Snyder Polarity Index of at least 2.4 to one or more of i) the raw fluid product stream from a catalytic fast pyrolysis process fluidized bed reactor to a first separation system, ii) the fluid product stream from the first separation system to a quench vapor/liquid separation system, iii) the vapor phase stream from the quench vapor/liquid separation system to a product recovery system, and, optionally, to the spent catalyst steam stripping system upstream of the catalyst regeneration system.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts

Abstract

In this invention, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are reacted in a process to form one or more chemical intermediates.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 212/08 - Styrene
• C07C 5/333 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 37/58 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by oxidation reactions introducing directly a hydroxy group on a CH-group belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring with the aid of molecular oxygen

Abstract

The present invention provides an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process comprising steps of: a) feeding biomass, a specific catalyst composition and transport fluid to a catalytic fast pyrolysis process fluidized bed reactor maintained at reaction conditions to manufacture a raw fluid product stream, b) feeding the raw fluid product stream of step a) to a catalyst separation and stripping system to produce separated catalyst and a fluid product stream, c) feeding the fluid product stream of step b) to a vapor/liquid separation system to produce a liquid phase stream and a vapor phase stream comprising benzene, toluene and xylenes, d) feeding the vapor phase stream of step c) to a product recovery system to recover benzene, toluene and xylenes, and e) recycling at least a portion of the recovered toluene of step d) to the fluidized bed reactor of step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• C07C 15/00 - Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic part
• C07B 61/00 - Other general methods
• C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives

Abstract

Methods of separating and utilizing char produced by the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the char from a catalytic pyrolysis reactor is recovered and treated and combusted to provide heat to the catalytic pyrolysis reactor. A novel char and methods of amending soil with a char composition are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C05D 9/00 - Other inorganic fertilisers

Abstract

The present invention provides an improved process for recovering CO from a catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) process product effluent. The process comprises the steps of: a) providing a first vapor phase stream resulting from a CFP process comprising, on a water- free and solids-free basis, from 25 to 80 % CO and at least 15 % CO2, b) mixing the first vapor phase stream of step a) with a particular solvent to make a mixed phase stream, c) separating the mixed phase stream of step b) into a second vapor phase stream comprising CO and a liquid phase stream, and d) recovering a product stream from the second vapor phase stream of step c) having a higher concentration of CO and a lower concentration of CO2 than the first vapor phase stream of step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/62 - Carbon oxides
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption

Abstract

The present invention provides an improved process for recovering CO from a catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) process product effluent. The process comprises the steps of: a) providing a first vapor phase stream resulting from a CFP process comprising, on a water- free and solids-free basis, from 25 to 80 % CO and at least 15 % CO2, b) mixing the first vapor phase stream of step a) with a particular solvent to make a mixed phase stream, c) separating the mixed phase stream of step b) into a second vapor phase stream comprising CO and a liquid phase stream, and d) recovering a product stream from the second vapor phase stream of step c) having a higher concentration of CO and a lower concentration of CO2 than the first vapor phase stream of step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 47/00 - Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent

Abstract

2 than the first vapor phase stream of step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• C01B 31/18 - Carbon monoxide

Abstract

Methods of separating products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and separated using a quench system and solvent contacting system that employs materials produced in the pyrolysis process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 209/08 - IndolesHydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
• C07C 37/70 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment
• C07D 307/79 - Benzo [b] furansHydrogenated benzo [b] furans with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
• C07C 209/86 - Separation
• C10K 1/08 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquidsReviving the used wash liquors
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

Methods of separating and purifying products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and purified using a hydrotreating step that reduces the content of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen components, and hydrogenates olefins to produce aromatic products that meet commercial quality specifications.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

Methods of separating products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and separated using a quench system and solvent contacting system that employs materials produced in the pyrolysis process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Abstract

Methods of separating products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and separated using a quench system and solvent contacting system that employs materials produced in the pyrolysis process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 31/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by treating with water
• C07C 7/09 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by fractional condensation
• C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 31/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for

Abstract

Methods of separating and purifying products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and purified using a hydrotreating step that reduces the content of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen components, and hydrogenates olefins to produce aromatic products that meet commercial quality specifications.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal

Abstract

Methods of separating products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and separated using a quench system and solvent contacting system that employs materials produced in the pyrolysis process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 15/08 - Xylenes
• C07C 15/04 - Benzene
• C07C 15/06 - Toluene

Abstract

Methods of separating and purifying products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and purified using a hydrotreating step that reduces the content of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen components, and hydrogenates olefins to produce aromatic products that meet commercial quality specifications.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 13/00 - Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
• C10G 45/32 - Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds
• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C10L 10/12 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids

Goods & Services

Chemical engineering; Chemical laboratories; Chemical research; Development and test of chemical production methods; Providing technological and scientific information about environmentally-conscious and green innovations; Research and development of technology in the field of thermal catalytic biomass conversion

Goods & Services

Chemical engineering; Chemical laboratories; Chemical research; Development and test of chemical production methods; Providing technological and scientific information about environmentally-conscious and green innovations; Research and development of technology in the field of thermal catalytic biomass conversion

Goods & Services

Chemical engineering; Development and test of chemical production methods; Providing technological and scientific information about environmentally-conscious and green innovations

Goods & Services

Chemical laboratories; Chemical research; Research and development of technology in the field of thermal catalytic biomass conversion

Abstract

In this invention, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are reacted in a process to form one or more chemical intermediates.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 51/31 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by oxidation of cyclic compounds with ring-splitting
• C07C 37/58 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by oxidation reactions introducing directly a hydroxy group on a CH-group belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring with the aid of molecular oxygen
• C07C 51/42 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
• C07C 1/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by reduction
• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 5/10 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of aromatic six-membered rings
• C07C 5/333 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives
• C07C 29/15 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
• C07C 29/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds in six-membered aromatic rings in non-condensed rings substituted with hydroxy groups
• C07C 37/50 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions decreasing the number of carbon atoms
• C07C 37/68 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
• C08G 63/183 - Terephthalic acids
• C08F 212/08 - Styrene
• C08F 212/10 - Styrene with nitriles
• C08G 63/80 - Solid-state polycondensation
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 9/00 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
• B29C 43/00 - Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding materialApparatus therefor
• B29C 49/00 - Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mouldApparatus therefor
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C08F 12/08 - Styrene
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
• C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 45/44 - Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
• C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• C07C 45/00 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds
• C07C 45/28 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of —CHx-moieties
• C07C 45/78 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
• B29K 67/00 - Use of polyesters as moulding material

Abstract

Biomass is converted to a fluid hydrocarbon product comprising p-xylene by reaction over a zeolite catalyst. An iron-modified zeolite catalyst having a siliceous coating and methods of making the catalyst are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 29/46 - Iron group metals or copper
• C10B 53/00 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
• C10G 11/05 - Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves

Abstract

A catalyst that is used in the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass is regenerated by oxidation and washing with a liquid to remove minerals and restore catalyst activity and selectivity to aromatics.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 29/90 - Regeneration or reactivation
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• B01J 38/12 - Treating with free oxygen-containing gas
• B01J 38/16 - Oxidation gas comprising essentially steam and oxygen
• B01J 38/26 - Moving bed, e.g. vertically or horizontally moving bulk having mainly counter-current flow of oxygen-containing gas and material
• B01J 38/32 - Indirectly heating or cooling material within regeneration zone or prior to entry into regeneration zone
• B01J 38/38 - Treating with free oxygen-containing gas and adding heat by solid heat carrier
• B01J 38/48 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
• B01J 38/50 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using organic liquids
• B01J 38/60 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using acids
• B01J 38/62 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using acids organic
• B01J 38/66 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using alkaline materialLiquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using salts using ammonia or derivatives thereof
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives

Abstract

Catalyst that is used in the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass is regenerated by oxidation and washing with a liquid to remove minerals and restore catalyst activity and selectivity to aromatics.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 38/12 - Treating with free oxygen-containing gas
• B01J 38/16 - Oxidation gas comprising essentially steam and oxygen
• B01J 38/26 - Moving bed, e.g. vertically or horizontally moving bulk having mainly counter-current flow of oxygen-containing gas and material
• B01J 38/32 - Indirectly heating or cooling material within regeneration zone or prior to entry into regeneration zone
• B01J 38/38 - Treating with free oxygen-containing gas and adding heat by solid heat carrier
• B01J 38/48 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
• B01J 38/50 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using organic liquids
• B01J 38/60 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using acids
• B01J 38/62 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using acids organic
• B01J 38/66 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using alkaline materialLiquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using salts using ammonia or derivatives thereof
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• B01J 29/90 - Regeneration or reactivation
• C10J 3/20 - ApparatusPlants
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Abstract

Methods and systems utilizing gas jets to carry biomass into a biomass conversion reactor are described. Reactor configurations and conditions for carrying out processes utilizing the gas jets are also described. The use of gas jets has been found to be especially desirable for operation with pyrolysis of biomass in catalytic fluidized bed reactors. A feed system for introducing biomass into a pyrolysis reactor, such as a catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) fluid bed reactor, that employs a jet stream of gas or vapor to inject the biomass particles into the fluid bed is disclosed. The biomass is kept relatively cool, can be metered upstream of a gas jet, and can be injected far into the fluid bed. Good mixing between the relatively cooler biomass with the hot catalyst and other materials in the fluid bed can be insured by adjustment of the number, size, angle, position, and flow rate of the multiple injector ports in larger reactors.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 49/10 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts

Abstract

Methods and systems utilizing gas jets to carry biomass into a biomass conversion reactor are described. Reactor configurations and conditions for carrying out processes utilizing the gas jets are also described. The use of gas jets has been found to be especially desirable for operation with pyrolysis of biomass in catalytic fluidized bed reactors. A feed system for introducing biomass into a pyrolysis reactor, such as a catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) fluid bed reactor, that employs a jet stream of gas or vapor to inject the biomass particles into the fluid bed is disclosed. The biomass is kept relatively cool, can be metered upstream of a gas jet, and can be injected far into the fluid bed. Good mixing between the relatively cooler biomass with the hot catalyst and other materials in the fluid bed can be insured by adjustment of the number, size, angle, position, and flow rate of the multiple injector ports in larger reactors.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 49/10 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts

Abstract

Methods and systems utilizing gas jets to carry biomass into a biomass conversion reactor are described. Reactor configurations and conditions for carrying out processes utilizing the gas jets are also described. The use of gas jets has been found to be especially desirable for operation with pyrolysis of biomass in catalytic fluidized bed reactors.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• B01J 6/00 - CalciningFusing
• C10B 49/10 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes

Abstract

In this invention, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are reacted in a process to form one or more chemical intermediates.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 63/183 - Terephthalic acids
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C08F 12/08 - Styrene
• C07C 37/58 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by oxidation reactions introducing directly a hydroxy group on a CH-group belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring with the aid of molecular oxygen
• C07C 51/42 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
• C07C 51/31 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by oxidation of cyclic compounds with ring-splitting
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
• C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 45/44 - Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
• C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
• C10G 9/00 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
• B29C 43/00 - Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding materialApparatus therefor
• B29C 49/00 - Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mouldApparatus therefor
• C07C 1/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by reduction
• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• C07C 5/10 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of aromatic six-membered rings
• C07C 5/333 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives
• C07C 29/15 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
• C07C 29/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds in six-membered aromatic rings in non-condensed rings substituted with hydroxy groups
• C07C 37/50 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions decreasing the number of carbon atoms
• C07C 37/68 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
• C07C 45/00 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds
• C07C 45/28 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of —CHx-moieties
• C07C 45/78 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
• C08F 212/08 - Styrene
• C08F 212/10 - Styrene with nitriles
• C08G 63/80 - Solid-state polycondensation
• B29K 67/00 - Use of polyesters as moulding material

Abstract

This invention relates to improvements in the fast pyrolysis of biomass. In this invention, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are condensed in the liquid phase and at least a portion of the recovered liquid is recycled to the pyrolysis reactor for further conversion to valuable, useful products.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 53/00 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10K 1/04 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• B01J 38/30 - Treating with free oxygen-containing gas in gaseous suspension, e.g. fluidised bed
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• B01J 29/90 - Regeneration or reactivation

Abstract

This invention relates to compositions and methods for fluid hydrocarbon product, and more specifically, to compositions and methods for fluid hydrocarbon product via catalytic pyrolysis. Some embodiments relate to methods for the production of specific aromatic products (e.g., benzene, toluene, naphthalene, xylene, etc.) via catalytic pyrolysis. Some such methods may involve the use of a composition comprising a mixture of a solid hydrocarbonaceous material and a heterogeneous pyrolytic catalyst component. In some embodiments, an olefin compound may be co-fed to the reactor and/or separated from a product stream and recycled to the reactor to improve yield and/or selectivity of certain products. The methods described herein may also involve the use of specialized catalysts. For example, in some cases, zeolite catalysts may be used. In some instances, the catalysts are characterized by particle sizes in certain identified ranges that can lead to improve yield and/or selectivity of certain products.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 53/00 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
• C10G 11/02 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
• C07C 4/06 - Catalytic processes
• B01J 20/18 - Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
• B01J 23/08 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of gallium, indium or thallium