A control switch incorporating a basic building block comprises one or more 1:2 demultiplexers and one or more comparators to facilitate the charging and/or the discharging control for a battery module coupled to the control switch and for linking a set of control switches into a charging and/or a discharging control chain to control charging and/or discharging for a set of battery modules coupled to the set of control switches.
The charging and/or discharging of a set of swappable battery modules in a battery system is carried out automatically using a set of charging and/or discharging control switches linked in a sequential charging and/or a discharging control chain. The charging and discharging of the set of battery modules can be done sequentially or in parallel, and is hardware-based with minimal software/firmware involvement. The system is scalable and automatically reconfigurable for use in an infrastructure and/or in an electric vehicle. The swappable battery modules may be positioned in the battery slots or butted together in the battery system.
H02M 7/25 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
3.
APPARATUS TO DETECT DEFECTIVE BATTERY MODULE AND ABNORMALITY IN A SEQUENTIAL CHARGING CONTROL CHAIN
The charging and/or discharging of a set of swappable battery modules in a battery system is carried out automatically using a set of charging and/or discharging control switches linked in a sequential charging and/or a discharging control chain. The charging and discharging of the set of battery modules can be done sequentially or in parallel, and is hardware-based with minimal software/firmware involvement. The system is scalable and automatically reconfigurable for use in an infrastructure and/or in an electric vehicle. The swappable battery modules may be positioned in the battery slots or butted together in the battery system.
H02M 7/25 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
4.
System for swappable battery module charging and discharging
An energy storage system comprises a set of swappable battery modules positioned in battery slots with a battery module being controlled by a control switch. The control switches are linkable to form a charging control chain and/or a discharging control chain respectively to control sequential charging/discharging, parallel charging/discharging, and segmented charging/discharging among the set of battery modules in the energy storage system. Methods to detect defective battery module in a battery slot are also presented. The energy storage system can be configured in an AC power distribution environment, a DC power distribution environment, or in an EV. The energy storage system is scalable, automatically reconfigurable and accepts AC power and regenerated DC power.
H02M 7/25 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
5.
Charging and discharging control of energy devices in a power system
A control switch incorporating a 1:2 demultiplexer is used in controlling timing for concurrent switching, break-before-make and make-before-break power multiplexing, and is configurable to link a plurality of the control switches into a control chain to perform sequential charging, sequential discharging, parallel charging, parallel discharging, simultaneous sequential charging and discharging for a plurality of batteries coupled to the control chain in a power system.
H02M 7/25 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
6.
Charging and discharging control of energy devices in a power system
A control switch incorporating a 1:2 demultiplexer is used to control timing for a concurrent switching, break-before-make and make-before-break power multiplexing, and is configurable to link a plurality of the control switches into a control chain to perform sequential charging, sequential discharging, parallel charging, parallel discharging, and concurrent sequential charging and discharging for a plurality of batteries coupled to the control chain in a power system.
H02M 7/25 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
A persistent DC circuit breaker provides a persistent single or dual DC voltage for a power distribution circuit coupled to a power panel. A control mechanism ensures a constant and consistent DC power output from the persistent DC circuit breaker. The persistent DC circuit breaker can replace an AC circuit breaker to convert an AC power panel into a co-existing AC and DC power panel or an entire DC power panel.
H02J 4/00 - Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
H02H 7/20 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
8.
Apparatus and architecture of non-volatile memory module in parallel configuration
A non-volatile memory module in parallel architecture is described. It includes memory function and data storage function in a single module. It enables host system to use memory bus to access storage devices and to use the same memory command protocol for storage device access. The parallel architecture enables contents in memory devices and storage devices to be exchanged freely on module under the control of host memory controller to boost performance of computer and to retain data even if power to computer is shut off. The configuration of non-volatile memory module can be partitioned or expanded into multiple independent channels on module seamlessly with or without ECC supports.
G06F 3/06 - Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers
G06F 7/10 - Selecting, i.e. obtaining data of one kind from those record carriers which are identifiable by data of a second kind from a mass of ordered or randomly-distributed record carriers
G06F 9/30 - Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
G06F 9/50 - Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
G06F 13/28 - Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to input/output bus using burst mode transfer, e.g. direct memory access, cycle steal
G06F 13/36 - Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to common bus or bus system
G06F 30/392 - Floor-planning or layout, e.g. partitioning or placement
The battery pack of an EV is partitioned into multiple removeable and replaceable batteries to mitigate challenges associated with the power charging of battery in an EV. A set of control switches are linked in a control chain to control an orderly discharge of energy from the batteries disposed in the battery pack.
H02M 7/25 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
A DC switch with embedded de-multiplexing function links a plurality of DC switches in a priority chain and enables concurrent power switching between DC switches. The priority chain automatically selects a most cost-effective power for output to optimize energy utilization efficiency and with a just-in-time enable to activate standby-power to minimize energy waste in persistent DC power.
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
H03K 17/56 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
H03K 19/20 - Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one outputInverting circuits characterised by logic function, e.g. AND, OR, NOR, NOT circuits
H02J 3/02 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks using a single network for simultaneous distribution of power at different frequenciesCircuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks using a single network for simultaneous distribution of ac power and of dc power
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
An apparatus leverages the existing power interconnect for DC power delivery by including a persistent DC power module into a power panel, thereby enabling a more efficient use of the energy. The persistent DC power module includes, in part, a control unit which is adaptive to the variations and availability of the external DC power source to ensure a constant and consistent delivery of DC voltage. The apparatus minimizes energy waste and e-waste, and is compatible with the existing legacy AC infrastructure.
H02M 7/217 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02J 1/00 - Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
H02M 3/155 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
12.
Apparatus and method for persistent DC power panel conversion
An apparatus converts an AC power panel into a persistent DC power panel with a persistent power switch. The persistent power switch includes a removable power unit for coupling to the AC power switch in order to convert the AC power panel into a persistent DC power panel. The removable power unit can be mounted in the power panel or can be implemented as a stand-alone external device for connecting to the power panel.
H02M 7/217 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02J 1/00 - Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
H02M 3/155 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
A DC power attachment device provides a convenient solution in adapting DC powers from AC sockets connected to an existing power distribution circuit. It enables multitude DC devices to concurrently access multiple DC powers at the same or at different voltages on the same power attachment device, which may be coupled to a DC power source, an existing socket, or directly connected to a DC power distribution circuit. The method on the assembly of a DC power attachment device is also addressed.
H02H 7/12 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for convertersEmergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
H02H 1/00 - Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
H01R 31/06 - Intermediate parts for linking two coupling parts, e.g. adapter
H02M 3/155 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 7/00 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power outputConversion of DC power input into AC power output
14.
Apparatus and method for AC and DC power co-distribution
Existing AC power distribution infrastructure in a building is leveraged for the DC power distribution, where one or more DC powers are delivered over an existing power distribution circuit and existing AC power sockets. A DC power attachment is coupled to an existing AC power socket to provide various DC voltages, including a high DC voltage for high power DC devices and a low DC voltage for low power DC devices. Transition from the AC centric environment to a DC environment is thus simplified thereby improving energy usage efficiency and making DC power readily available.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02H 7/22 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systemsEmergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for switching devices
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02M 7/04 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
15.
Apparatus and architecture of non-volatile memory module in parallel configuration
A non-volatile memory module in parallel architecture is described. It includes memory function and data storage function in a single module. It enables host system to use memory bus to access storage devices and to use the same memory command protocol for storage device access. The parallel architecture enables contents in memory devices and storage devices to be exchanged freely on module under the control of host memory controller to boost performance of computer and to retain data even if power to computer is shut off. The configuration of non-volatile memory module can be partitioned or expanded into multiple independent channels on module seamlessly with or without ECC supports.
G06F 12/14 - Protection against unauthorised use of memory
G06F 13/28 - Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to input/output bus using burst mode transfer, e.g. direct memory access, cycle steal
G06F 13/36 - Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to common bus or bus system
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