Nanosized silicon or alloys thereof are formed by milling in solvents comprising at least one polar protic solvent (e.g., an alcohol) or polar aprotic solvent (e.g., a nitrile) where the average milling media size is at least about 5 times to 200 times larger than the initial average silicon particle size. The method more efficiently mills silicon and achieves smaller nanosized particles with less input power or time and stable dispersions in the absence of a surfactant allowing for the direct formation of secondary particles. The milled silicon particles are useful as electrodes in electrical devices such as batteries.
51818 aliphatic solvent or polar aprotic aromatic solvent, milling the initial particles to form a milled silicon powder having an average size of about 10 to about 300 nanometers, and depositing the milled silicon powder on a spherical graphite powder having an average size from about 5 to 200 times larger than the average size of the milled silicon powder to form the particles.
Nanosized silicon or alloys thereof are formed by milling in solvents comprising at least one polar protic solvent (e.g., an alcohol) or polar aprotic solvent (e.g., a nitrile) where the average milling media size is at least about 5 times to 200 times larger than the initial average silicon particle size. The method more efficiently mills silicon and achieves smaller nanosized particles with less input power or time and stable dispersions in the absence of a surfactant allowing for the direct formation of secondary particles. The milled silicon particles are useful as electrodes in electrical devices such as batteries.
B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
B29B 13/10 - Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by grinding, e.g. by trituratingConditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by sievingConditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by filtering
Composite anode-active particulates that include lithium-active, silicon nanoparticles in carbon matrices impregnated with solid electrolyte are described with methods for their preparation. The composite active particulates preferably include a solid electrolyte phase carried within pores of the particulate.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
5.
Engineered solid electrolyte interfaces on anode materials
Herein are described materials for a lithium ion anode, processes of manufacturing the lithium ion anode, and batteries that include the lithium ion anode. The materials can include a metal or metal alloy nanoparticulate carrying a solid electrolyte interface. The process can include admixing a lithium accepting material that is a metal or metal alloy nanoparticulate carrying a solid electrolyte interface with a conductive carbon; and then preparing a film of the admixture on an electrical substrate. The battery is assembled from the as manufactured lithium ion anode.
Composite anode-active particulates that include lithium-active, silicon nanoparticles in carbon matrices impregnated with solid electrolyte are described with methods for their preparation. The composite active particulates preferably include a solid electrolyte phase carried within pores of the particulate.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
The formation of amorphous silicon for use in, for example, lithium-ion batteries is disclosed. The process can include milling a plurality of silicon nanocrystals having an average particle diameter and a percent crystallinity greater than about 60%, in a unit designed to reduce the average particle diameter to the same or a larger size, thereby forming a plurality of amorphous silicon nanoparticles having about the same average particle diameter as the silicon nanocrystals and a percent crystallinity of less than about 50%.
H01B 1/04 - Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materialsSelection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon
Compositions, anodes, and batteries are described herein and incorporate particulates that feature carbon matrices having embedded therein a plurality of amorphous silicon nanoparticles. One embodiment includes a particulate composed of a porous carbon matrix and a plurality of amorphous silicon nanoparticles affixed to an interior surface of the porous carbon matrix and adjacent to an open volume that defines specific pores. Yet another embodiment is an anode active particulate that features a plurality of amorphous silicon nanoparticles affixed to interior surfaces of a porous carbon matrix, where the anode active particulate has a “Standard-FCE” value that is about 5% greater than a “Standard-FCE” value of an analogous anode active particle having crystalline silicon nanocrystals.
Compositions, anodes, and batteries are described herein and incorporate particulates that feature carbon matrices having embedded therein a plurality of amorphous silicon nanoparticles. One embodiment includes a particulate composed of a porous carbon matrix and a plurality of amorphous silicon nanoparticles affixed to an interior surface of the porous carbon matrix and adjacent to an open volume that defines specific pores. Yet another embodiment is an anode active particulate that features a plurality of amorphous silicon nanoparticles affixed to interior surfaces of a porous carbon matrix, where the anode active particulate has a “Standard-FCE” value that is about 5% greater than a “Standard-FCE” value of an analogous anode active particle having crystalline silicon nanocrystals.
Processes for the manufacture of porous particulates for use in lithium ion batteries are described. The porous materials include silicon active materials carried in a continuous matrix that includes a carbon phase and a solid-electrolyte phase.
Solid state compositions for use in an anode of a secondary battery, anodes, and lithium ion batteries are provided which include silicon carbide nanofibers, preferably carried in and reinforcing both an anode active material and a solid electrolyte. Methods of production and use are further described.
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/133 - Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 10/0565 - Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01B 1/04 - Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materialsSelection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
Secondary batteries which include embedded silicon carbide nanofibers are described and provided. Methods of production of the materials for use in the secondary batteries are further described.
H01M 4/1395 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
C01B 32/963 - Preparation from compounds containing silicon
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01B 1/04 - Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materialsSelection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon
D01F 9/08 - Man-made filaments or the like of other substancesManufacture thereofApparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
Compositions for use in an anode of a secondary battery, anodes, and lithium ion batteries are provided which include embedded silicon carbide nanofibers. Methods of production and use are further described.
D01F 9/08 - Man-made filaments or the like of other substancesManufacture thereofApparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01B 1/04 - Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materialsSelection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon
Solid state compositions for use in an anode of a secondary battery, anodes, and lithium ion batteries are provided which include silicon carbide nanofibers, preferably carried in and reinforcing both an anode active material and a solid electrolyte. Methods of production and use are further described.
H01B 1/04 - Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materialsSelection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon
A milling system which includes a reservoir shaped and sized to contain a solvent or a slurry including the solvent and a material to be milled, a treatment column in communication with the reservoir, wherein the treatment column is configured to remove one or more of water, oxygen, and/or other impurities from the solvent, and a mill in fluid communication with the reservoir, wherein the mill is configured to triturate the material. The treatment column may be fluidly isolated from the rest of the system during milling.
B02C 23/18 - Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
B29B 13/10 - Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by grinding, e.g. by trituratingConditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by sievingConditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by filtering
H01B 1/04 - Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materialsSelection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon
The mechanochemically functionalizing silicon nanoparticles and the functionalized silicon nanoparticles are described. The processes include applying shear forces to silicon metal the presence of an alkane and thereby functionalizing the silicon with an alkyl-functionalization. The resulting product includes a plurality of silicon nanoparticles each carrying an alkyl-functionalization derived from an alkane.
B22F 1/00 - Metallic powderTreatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
B22F 1/02 - Special treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working, to improve properties; Metallic powders per se, e.g. mixtures of particles of different composition comprising coating of the powder
Compositions for use in an anode of a secondary battery, anodes, and lithium ion batteries are provided which include embedded silicon carbide nanofibers. Methods of production and use are further described.
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
D01F 9/08 - Man-made filaments or the like of other substancesManufacture thereofApparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
The mechanochemically functionalizing silicon nanoparticles and the functionalized silicon nanoparticles are described. The processes include applying shear forces to silicon metal the presence of an alkane and thereby functionalizing the silicon with an alkyl-functionalization. The resulting product includes a plurality of silicon nanoparticles each carrying an alkyl-functionalization derived from an alkane.
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