Methods and systems are described for training and using generative models. According to one example, a method is provided for performance by a first system and a second system having access to a boson sampler. The method comprises communicating, from the first system to the second system, a request for a set of latent vectors for use in training a generative model to generate a synthetic dataset. The method further comprises, at the second system, based at least in part on the request, selecting configuration settings for the boson sampler. The method further comprises, at the second system, operating the boson sampler to produce a batch of samples, the boson sampler configured in accordance with the selected configuration settings. The method further comprises, at the second system, determining the set of latent vectors from the batch of samples. The method further comprises communicating, from the second system to the first system, the determined set of latent vectors. The method further comprises, at the first system, training the generative model to generate a synthetic dataset using the set of latent vectors.
An apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an optical circuit. The optical circuit comprises an arrangement of a first interferometer, one or more second interferometers, and one or more detectors. The apparatus is configured to probabilistically project a multi-qubit input state onto a multi-qubit GHZ state. A method for entangling a plurality of multi-qubit photonic states using such an apparatus is also disclosed herein.
A system comprises a photonic circuit and control logic. The photonic circuit comprises a number of input paths and output paths, each output path associated with a corresponding frequency bin. A photonic switch network is coupled between the input paths and the output paths and comprises an arrangement of active optical elements. The control logic is configured to: receive an input signal indicative of the presence of one or more incoming photons in a corresponding one or more of the input paths; select one or more output paths; and generate one or more control signals to configure the active optical elements such that, for each of the one or more selected output paths, a photon of the one or more incoming photons is coupled to that selected output path. Methods and computer readable media are also described.
Methods, systems, and computer-readable media are provided for configuring a boson sampler. The method includes operating the boson sampler to produce a batch of samples. The method further includes determining, from the batch of samples, an estimate of a partial derivative of an objective function. The method further includes configuring the parameter of the boson sampler based on the determined estimate. Determining the estimate includes: determining from the batch of samples, for each observable of a set of observables, a corresponding first value representative of a partial derivative of the objective function with respect to the expectation value of the observable; determining, for each observable of the set of observables, a corresponding second value representative of a partial derivative of the expectation value of the observable with respect to a parame ter value of the configurable parameter; and determining the estimate from the first values and the second values.
A system is provided. The system comprises a boson sampler and control logic. The boson sampler comprises a heralded single photon source (SPS) configured to probabilistically produce a photon in a time bin. The boson sampler further comprises an interferometer configured to interfere photons in different time bins. The boson sampler further comprises a detector arrangement comprising one or more photodetectors configured to detect photons output from the interferometer and produce corresponding detection event signals. The control logic is configured to control the boson sampler to produce a photon sequence over a time period comprising a plurality of time bins. The control logic is further configured to commence sampling an output distribution of the boson sampler by logging detection event signals received over the time period. The control logic is further configured to, prior to expiration of the time period and based on a received indication that production of the photon sequence has been unsuccessful: recommence sampling the output distribution of the boson sampler. Method and computer- readable media are also described.
A photonic waveguide and methods of manufacture of a photonic waveguide. The photonic waveguide comprises a core material and a cladding material. The photonic waveguide further comprises a transition layer. A material from which the transition layer is formed transitions as a function of distance between a first side of the transition layer at which the transition layer is formed of the core material and a second side of the transition layer at which the transition layer is formed of the cladding material.
G02B 6/13 - Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
G02B 6/132 - Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method by deposition of thin films
G02B 6/136 - Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method by etching
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
7.
LINEAR-OPTICAL ENCODED GHZ MEASUREMENTS AND FAULT-TOLERANT QUANTUM COMPUTATION AND COMMUNICATION
Methods and systems are provided for performing an encoded n-qubit GHZ measurement on n encoded (logical) qubits using encoded Bell state measurements (E-BSMs). Each E-BSM comprises a plurality of dual-rail Bell state measurements (DR-BSMs) performed on pairs of dual-rail encoded photonic qubits (DR-qubits). Methods and systems for using encoded n-qubit GHZ measurements for fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation are also provided.
G06N 10/40 - Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
B82Y 10/00 - Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
B82Y 20/00 - Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
9.
LINEAR-OPTICAL ENCODED GHZ MEASUREMENTS AND FAULT-TOLERANT QUANTUM COMPUTATION AND COMMUNICATION
Methods and systems are provided for performing an encoded n-qubit GHZ measurement on n encoded (logical) qubits using encoded Bell state measurements (E-BSMs). Each E-BSM comprises a plurality of dual-rail Bell state measurements (DR-BSMs) performed on pairs of dual-rail encoded photonic qubits (DR-qubits). Methods and systems for using encoded n-qubit GHZ measurements for fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation are also provided.
An apparatus includes an optical circuit with an interferometer and a detector arrangement. The interferometer is arranged to receive, as 2N input optical modes, N dual-rail encoded photonic qubits, each photonic qubit encoded as probability amplitudes corresponding to the photon occupation of two orthogonal optical modes, where N>2. The interferometer is arranged to interfere the N dual-rail encoded photonic qubits such that (i) a beamsplitter interaction is performed on the first mode of the first qubit and the second mode of the Nth qubit, and (ii) a beamsplitter interaction is performed on the second mode of the jth qubit and the first mode of the (j+1)th qubit for all j between 1 and N−1. The interferometer is arranged to output 2N optical modes. The detector arrangement includes one or more photodetectors to measure a photon occupation of each of the 2N output optical modes.
A photonics package that incorporates a liquid crystal lens situated between a light source and a waveguide or output element of the package. The liquid crystal lens may focus or collimate light passing through it. This may be useful, for example, to focus light from a light source on or at an entry of a waveguide. Certain embodiments may include or incorporate routing or optical elements between the light source and the liquid crystal lens, and/or on a side of the lens opposite a side on which the light source is located.
Methods are provided for generating a dataset (e.g., an image). According to an example, the method comprises controlling a boson sampler to produce one or more integer sequences, each of the one or more integer sequences representative of a measurement outcome of one or more photodetectors of the boson sampler; determining, from the one or more integer sequences, one or more latent vectors; providing the determined one or more latent vectors to a trained artificial neural network (ANN) configured to convert one or more latent vectors to a generated dataset; and outputting the generated dataset. Methods for training an ANN are also provided. Systems and computer-readable storage media are also described.
G01N 21/45 - RefractivityPhase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methodsRefractivityPhase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using Schlieren methods
Methods are provided for generating a dataset (e.g., an image). According to an example, the method comprises controlling a boson sampler to produce one or more integer sequences, each of the one or more integer sequences representative of a measurement outcome of one or more photodetectors of the boson sampler; determining, from the one or more integer sequences, one or more latent vectors; providing the determined one or more latent vectors to a trained artificial neural network (ANN) configured to convert one or more latent vectors to a generated dataset; and outputting the generated dataset. Methods for training an ANN are also provided. Systems and computer- readable storage media are also described.
A programmable filter for electronic signals. The filter includes an input that splits power of the input signal along two paths, a first and second path that is phase shifted by ninety degrees in respect of the first path. The first and second path are each modulated to the optical domain, and provided as input to respective filter chains. The in-phase signal can be filtered by IIR or FIR optical filters with configurable operation, as well the shifted signal can be filtered by a second chain of IIR and FIR optical filters with configurable operation. Resulting output from each filter chain is recombined and demodulated from the optical domain. In this manner, the electronic filter can adopt any suitable impulse response, including impulse responses described with complex coefficients. Real parts can be configured by operation of the first filter chain and imaginary parts by operation of the second filter chain.
A system is provided for producing an output photon having a predefined frequency. The system comprises a pump module configured to produce a plurality of pump fields at a plurality of pump frequencies. The system further comprises a photon pair source module for generating frequency-correlated photon pairs. The system further comprises a detector module comprising one or more photon detectors, each photon detector arranged to cause the generation of a heralding signal in response to a detection of a first photon of a frequency-correlated photon pair, the heralding signal indicative of a frequency of the heralded second photon of the frequency-correlated photon pair. The system further comprises a non-linear photonic element arranged to receive the heralded second photon and a complementary selected pump field, and to produce an output photon having the predefined frequency. The system further comprises a pump field selector configured to: receive a heralding signal; and select, based on the received heralding signal, a pump field of the plurality of pump fields for provision to the non-linear element. Methods, controllers and computer-readable media are also described herein.
A system is disclosed for producing an output photon having a predefined frequency. The system comprises a frequency comb generator for generating a frequency comb. The system further comprises a mode selector configured to: receive a heralding signal representative of the detection of a first photon of a frequency-correlated photon pair, the heralding signal indicative of a frequency of the heralded second photon of the frequency-correlated photon pair; and select, based on the received heralding signal, a comb spectral mode of the frequency comb. The system further comprises a non-linear photonic element configured to receive the heralded second photon and the selected comb spectral mode and produce an output photon having the predefined frequency based on the frequency of the heralded second photon and the selected comb spectral mode. Methods, controllers and computer-readable media are also described herein.
A system is provided for producing an output photon having a predefined frequency. A pump module produces a plurality of pump fields at a plurality of pump frequencies. A photon pair source module generates frequency-correlated photon pairs. A detector module generates a heralding signal subsequent to detecting a first photon of a photon pair, the heralding signal indicative of a frequency of the second photon of the pair. A non-linear photonic element is arranged to (1) receive the heralded second photon and a complementary selected pump field, and (2) to produce an output photon having the predefined frequency. A pump field selector is configured to (1) receive a heralding signal and (2) select, based on the received heralding signal, a pump field of the plurality of pump fields for provision to the non-linear element. Methods, controllers and computer-readable media are also described herein.
G02F 1/21 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
A system is disclosed for producing an output photon having a predefined frequency. The system comprises a frequency comb generator for generating a frequency comb. The system further comprises a frequency comb mode selector configured to: receive a heralding signal representative of the detection of a first photon of a frequency-correlated photon pair, the heralding signal indicative of a frequency of the heralded second photon of the frequency-correlated photon pair; and select, based on the received heralding signal, a comb spectral mode of the frequency comb. The system further comprises a non-linear photonic element configured to receive the heralded second photon and the selected comb spectral mode and produce an output photon having the predefined frequency based on the frequency of the heralded second photon and the selected comb spectral mode. Methods, controllers and computer-readable media are also described herein.
A semiconductor device includes a floating gate that can be charged in a nonvolatile manner. The floating gate is also structured as an optical waveguide, and may be optically coupled to a photonic circuit, such as an interferometer.
H01L 27/11526 - Electrically programmable read-only memories; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor with floating gate characterised by the peripheral circuit region
G02B 6/43 - Arrangements comprising a plurality of opto-electronic elements and associated optical interconnections
G02B 6/42 - Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
20.
Co-manufacturing of silicon-on-insulator waveguides and silicon nitride waveguides for hybrid photonic integrated circuits
A method of co-manufacturing silicon waveguides, SiN waveguides, and semiconductor structures in a photonic integrated circuit. A silicon waveguide structure can be formed using a suitable process, after which it is buried in a cladding. The cladding is polished, and a silicon nitride layer is disposed to define a silicon nitride waveguide. The silicon nitride waveguide is buried in a cladding, and annealed. Thereafter, cladding above the silicon waveguide structure can be trenched through, and low-temperature operations can be performed to or with an exposed surface of the silicon waveguide structure.
G02B 6/136 - Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method by etching
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
21.
WAVEGUIDE WITH CONTROLLED MODE CONFINEMENT FOR ANALYTE INTERACTION AND OPTICAL POWER DELIVERY
A photonic circuit and electronic device incorporating the same including a waveguide defining different regions having different widths and cladding thicknesses. The width and cladding thickness in a particular region are configured to loosely confine light in a first set of conditions and to tightly/highly confine light in a second set of conditions. The first and second set of conditions can correspond to the waveguide being positioned proximate to different materials having different indices of refraction.
G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
B01L 3/00 - Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glasswareDroppers
Apparatus for controllably storing and releasing photons An apparatus is disclosed herein. The apparatus comprises a non-linear photonic element for outputting a signal and idler photon pair. The apparatus further comprises a module configured to, based on receiving one or more control signals, controllably store photons and controllably output stored photons. The apparatus further comprises a detector arrangement comprising one or more detectors for detecting light. The module is further configured to receive at least one of the signal and idler photons of the pair. The module is further configured to at least partially store one of the signal or idler photons of the pair. The module is further configured to output the said at least partially stored signal or idler photon along an optical path towards the at least one detectors. The apparatus is configured to direct the other of the signal or idler photon towards the detector arrangement.
An apparatus is disclosed herein. The apparatus comprises a non-linear photonic element for outputting a signal and idler photon pair. The apparatus further comprises a module configured to, based on receiving one or more control signals, controllably store photons and controllably output stored photons. The apparatus further comprises a detector arrangement comprising one or more detectors for detecting light. The module is further configured to receive at least one of the signal and idler photons of the pair. The module is further configured to at least partially store one of the signal or idler photons of the pair. The module is further configured to output the said at least partially stored signal or idler photon along an optical path towards the at least one detectors. The apparatus is configured to direct the other of the signal or idler photon towards the detector arrangement.
An apparatus has a plurality of photonic elements. At least two photonic elements forming a cavity. At least one photonic element receives first electromagnetic radiation from outside the cavity and transmits the first electromagnetic radiation into the photonic cavity. At least one photonic element receives second electromagnetic radiation from outside the cavity and transmits the second radiation into the photonic cavity. A photonic memory disposed in the cavity comprises an atomic system that: receives a photon field of first radiation; receives second radiation; stores at least a portion of the field of the photon in the atomic system via an atomic transition using the photon and the received second radiation; emits the stored portion of the photon upon receiving third electromagnetic radiation. The apparatus directs the photon into the photonic memory, after being reflected into the photonic cavity by at least one of the photonic elements; and outputs the emitted portion of the field into the cavity. The apparatus controls the photon flux density of the third electromagnetic radiation to control the superposition of the said stored field portion.
G02F 1/21 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
Methods and systems are described herein for determining a solution to a binary optimization problem. In examples, a system described herein comprises a controller and a boson sampler which together implement a hybrid quantum-classical process. Computer-readable media are also described herein.
Methods and systems are described herein for determining a solution to a binary optimization problem. In examples, a system described herein comprises a processor and a boson sampler which together implement a hybrid quantum-classical process. In an iterative process, parameters of the boson sampler are adjusted until a stopping condition is satisfied. After the stopping condition is met, a plurality of measurement outcomes are then produced by the boson sampler and mapped to binary sequences which are used to identify a solution to the binary optimization problem. Computer-readable media are also described herein.
Methods and systems are described herein for determining a solution to a binary optimization problem. In examples, a system described herein comprises a controller and a boson sampler which together implement a hybrid quantum-classical process. Computer-readable media are also described herein.
A signal generator includes a photonic circuit configured to output a sequence of solitons at a known rate. The solitons illuminate a high-speed photodiode that, in response, generates an electrical signal, such as a sinusoidal signal, which can be provided as input to a direct digital synthesizer configured to output successive phases of a selected waveform in response to electrical stimulus.
H04B 10/508 - Pulse generation, e.g. generation of solitons
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
G02B 6/293 - Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
29.
APPARATUS COMPRISING ONE OR MORE PHOTONIC MEMORIES
An apparatus has a plurality of photonic elements. At least two photonic elements forming a cavity. At least one photonic element receives first electromagnetic radiation from outside the cavity and transmits the first electromagnetic radiation into the photonic cavity. At least one photonic element receives second electromagnetic radiation from outside the cavity and transmits the second radiation into the photonic cavity. A photonic memory disposed in the cavity comprises an atomic system that: receives a photon field of first radiation; receives second radiation; stores at least a portion of the field of the photon in the atomic system via an atomic transition using the photon and the received second radiation; emits the stored portion of the photon upon receiving third electromagnetic radiation. The apparatus directs the photon into the photonic memory, after being reflected into the photonic cavity by at least one of the photonic elements; and outputs the emitted portion of the field into the cavity. The apparatus controls the photon flux density of the third electromagnetic radiation to control the superposition of the said stored field portion.
A method of co-manufacturing silicon waveguides, SiN waveguides, and semiconductor structures in a photonic integrated circuit. A silicon waveguide structure can be formed using a suitable process, after which it is buried in a cladding. The cladding is polished, and a silicon nitride layer is disposed to define a silicon nitride waveguide. The silicon nitride waveguide is buried in a cladding, and annealed. Thereafter, cladding above the silicon waveguide structure can be trenched through, and low-temperature operations can be performed to or with an exposed surface of the silicon waveguide structure.
G02B 6/136 - Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method by etching
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
31.
Solid-State Device with Optical Waveguide as Floating Gate Electrode
A semiconductor device includes a floating gate that can be charged in a nonvolatile manner. The floating gate is also structured as an optical waveguide, and maybe optically coupled to a photonic circuit, such as an interferometer.
H01L 29/788 - Field-effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate with floating gate
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
H01L 27/11521 - Electrically programmable read-only memories; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor with floating gate characterised by the memory core region
32.
Low loss, polarization-independent, large bandwidth mode converter for edge coupling
A mode converter formed by parallel tapered waveguides on a SiN platform. The waveguides form a trident structure comprising a main waveguide with an inverse taper structure, and a pair of waveguides on each side of the main waveguide. Each adjacent waveguide has a taper structure but one that is opposed to that of the main waveguide, namely, a width that gradually increases along the direction of light propagation to a larger value at an end tip thereof. The end tips of the waveguides terminate along a common input/output facet of the converter. The adjacent waveguides help to shape the mode of the light propagating through the main waveguide, in so doing enabling the converter to exhibit high coupling efficiency and polarization independence in the full optical communication bands (i.e., from O to L-band) by successfully tuning the mode shape at a chip facet. The trident mode converter enables efficient optical fiber-to-chip coupling.
G02B 6/10 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
33.
Efficiently combining multiple taps of an optical filter
An optical filter comprises an array of waveguides fabricated on an optical integrated circuit (PIC). The array comprises individual waveguides, each of which receive light inputs, e.g., individual taps of a multi-tap optical filter used in an interference cancellation circuit. Typically, the output(s) of the individual waveguides are located at an exit (edge) of the PIC. At least one second waveguide in the array is patterned on the PIC in a converged configuration such that the light transiting these waveguides co-propagates and interacts across given portions of the respective waveguides before exiting the waveguide array along a common facet, thereby generating or inhibiting one of intermodulation products, and harmonics. This structural configuration enables the generation of various modes of transmission at the PIC exit, enabling more efficient transfer of the energy, e.g., to an associated photodetector (PD) that provides conversion of the energy to the RF domain.
An optical filter comprises an array of waveguides fabricated on an optical integrated circuit (PIC). The array comprises individual waveguides, each of which receive light inputs, e.g., individual taps of a multi-tap optical filter used in an interference cancellation circuit. Each individual waveguide comprises an inlet, and an outlet. Typically, the output(s) of the individual waveguides are located at an exit (edge) of the PIC. In one embodiment, at least one second waveguide in the array is patterned on the PIC in a converged configuration such that, relative to a first waveguide, the light transiting these waveguides co-propagates and interacts across given portions of the respective waveguides before exiting the waveguide array along a common facet, thereby generating or inhibiting one of: intermodulation products, and harmonics. This structural configuration enables the generation of various modes of transmission at the PIC exit, enabling more efficient transfer of the energy, e.g., to an associated photodetector (PD) that provides conversion of the energy to the RF domain.
A dicing system and methods may include a novel way to separate die on a wafer in preparation for packaging that results in smooth diced edges. This is specifically advantageous, but not limited to, edge-coupled photonic chips. This method etches from the front side of the wafer and dices from the back side of the wafer to create a complete separation of die. It creates an optically smooth surface on the front side of the wafer at the location of the optical device (waveguides or other) which enables direct mounting of adjacent devices with low coupling loss and low optical scattering. The backside dicing may be wider than the front side etch, so as to recess this sawed surface and prevent it from protruding outward, resulting in rough surfaces inhibiting a direct joining of adjacent devices.
H01L 21/683 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereofApparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping
H01L 21/78 - Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
H01L 21/308 - Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching using masks
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
A semiconductor device includes a floating gate that can be charged in a nonvolatile manner. The floating gate is also structured as an optical waveguide, and may be optically coupled to a photonic circuit, such as an interferometer.
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
G02F 1/21 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
H01L 29/788 - Field-effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate with floating gate
An apparatus has a plurality of photonic elements. At least two photonic elements forming a cavity. At least one photonic element receives first electromagnetic radiation from outside the cavity and transmits the first electromagnetic radiation into the photonic cavity. At least one photonic element receives second electromagnetic radiation from outside the cavity and transmits the second radiation into the photonic cavity. A photonic memory disposed in the cavity comprises an atomic system that: receives a photon field of first radiation; receives second radiation; stores at least a portion of the field of the photon in the atomic system via an atomic transition using the photon and the received second radiation; emits the stored portion of the photon upon receiving third electromagnetic radiation. The apparatus directs the photon into the photonic memory, after being reflected into the photonic cavity by at least one of the photonic elements; and outputs the emitted portion of the field into the cavity. The apparatus controls the photon flux density of the third electromagnetic radiation to control the superposition of the said stored field portion.
A signal generator includes a photonic circuit configured to output a sequence of solitons at a known rate. The solitons illuminate a high-speed photodiode that, in response, generates an electrical signal, such as a sinusoidal signal, which can be provided as input to a direct digital synthesizer configured to output successive phases of a selected waveform in response to electrical stimulus.
Methods and systems are described herein for determining a solution to a binary optimization problem. In examples, a system described herein comprises a processor and a boson sampler which together implement a hybrid quantum-classical process. In an iterative process, parameters of the boson sampler are adjusted until a stopping condition is satisfied. After the stopping condition is met, a plurality of measurement outcomes are then produced by the boson sampler and mapped to binary sequences which are used to identify a solution to the binary optimization problem. Computer-readable media are also described herein.
H01Q 3/26 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elementsArrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
H04B 17/12 - MonitoringTesting of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of amplitude or phase
H04B 17/14 - MonitoringTesting of transmitters for calibration of the whole transmission and reception path, e.g. self-test loop-back
patents
