An illustrative example embodiment of a flow field component includes a plate having a first side and an oppositely facing second side. The plate has an undulating profile defining a plurality of segments and a plurality of channels between the segments on at least the first side of the plate. The undulating profile includes some of the segments in a first reference plane and others of the segments in a second reference plane that is parallel to and spaced from the first reference plane.
An illustrative example embodiment of a flow field component includes a plate having a first side and an oppositely facing second side. The plate has an undulating profile defining a plurality of segments and a plurality of channels between the segments on at least the first side of the plate. The undulating profile includes some of the segments in a first reference plane and others of the segments in a second reference plane that is parallel to and spaced from the first reference plane.
A hydrogen system for generating power may include a fuel cell stack selectively coupled to a hydrogen fuel source. A control may be configured to cause the fuel cell stack to operate in a first mode in response to a first predetermined temperature threshold being met such that the fuel cell stack may generate electricity when below a target operating temperature. The control may be configured to cause the fuel cell stack to operate in a second mode in response to a second predetermined temperature threshold being met subsequent to the first predetermined temperature threshold being met. A method of operating a fuel cell stack is also disclosed.
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M 8/04225 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
H01M 8/04302 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
A hydrogen concentration sensor may include a plurality of electrically conductive plates. A hydrogen evolving electrode assembly in a first location between two of the plates may be configured to generate hydrogen. A detection electrode assembly in a second location between two of the plates may be configured to provide an indication of a concentration of hydrogen in a fluid of interest. A plurality of isolating layers may include a first isolating layer at the first location between two of the plates and a second isolating layer at the second location between two of the plates. The first and second isolating layers may each include a sealant that secures the two plates together and seals a perimeter around the electrode assembly at the corresponding location. A method of assembling a hydrogen concentration sensor is also disclosed.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells;
fuel cells configured for energy storage; fuel cells and
structural parts thereof, fuel cell control systems
comprised primarily of pressure sensors, ammeters and
automatic valves, and structural parts thereof; electric
control devices for energy management; computer programs for
energy management; testing and measuring equipment for use
in testing the performance and efficiency of fuel cell
equipment; charging stations for electric vehicles equipped
with fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; fuel cells configured for energy storage; fuel cells and structural parts thereof, fuel cell control systems comprised primarily of pressure sensors, ammeters and automatic valves, and structural parts thereof; electric control devices for energy management; preinstalled and downloadable computer programs sold as a component of another finished product, specifically, fuel cells for energy management; testing and measuring equipment for use in testing the performance and efficiency of fuel cell equipment; charging stations for electric vehicles equipped with fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators
An illustrative example method of controlling operation of a fuel cell power plant includes opening a pneumatic valve using pneumatic pressure of pressurized fuel cell reactant, allowing the pressurized fuel cell reactant to flow through the pneumatic valve to a cell stack assembly, determining that shutdown of the cell stack assembly is desired, and control a rate that the pneumatic valve closes by controlling a rate of release of the pneumatic pressure.
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
35 - Advertising and business services
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Mobile electric power generators; mobile electric generators
using hydrogen and fuel cell technology for heating and air
conditioning by using hydrogen and fuel cell technology;
hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air
conditioning using fuel cell technology. Fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells;
electrochemical devices configured for energy storage,
namely, electrolysers; fuel cells configured for energy
storage; fuel cells and structural parts thereof, fuel cell
control systems comprised primarily of pressure sensors,
ammeters and automatic valves, and structural parts thereof;
electric control devices for energy management; computer
programs for energy management; testing and measuring
equipment for use in testing the performance and efficiency
of fuel cell equipment; charging stations for electric
vehicles equipped with fuel cells and hydrogen-based
generators; computer software for use with navigation
systems comprised of sensors, gyroscopes, accelerometers. Hydrogen-generation equipment and components, namely,
hydrogen generators, hydrogen purifiers, hydrogen
purification membranes, fuel processors, and steam
reformers; fuel cell power plants; fuel cell power plants
configured for recouping energy in pipeline applications,
namely, natural gas pipelines; fuel cell power plants
configured for capturing carbon emissions; fuel cell power
plants configured for hydrogen production; fuel cell power
plants configured for hydrogen separation; fuel cell power
plants configured for energy storage. Business operation of power generation equipment and
facilities for others featuring fuel cells and
hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air
conditioning using fuel cell technology; wholesale and
retail store services featuring fuel cells and
hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air
conditioning using fuel cell technology; wholesale and
retail store services of hydrogen as renewable energy. Financing of power plants and fuel cells for others. Installation, repair and maintenance of fuel cells,
hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air
conditioning using fuel cell technology, and related
structural parts, control systems, energy management and
storage systems therefor; repair and maintenance of charging
stations services using fuel cells and hydrogen-based
generators. Generation of power, for heating and air conditioning
through operation of equipment and installations of fuel
cells and hydrogen-based generators; production of hydrogen;
production of fuel cells; custom manufacture of
hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air
conditioning using fuel cell technology, and related
structural parts, control systems, energy management and
storage systems therefor; custom manufacture of testing and
measuring equipment for use in testing hydrogen, fuel cells,
hydrogen-based generators of electricity with fuel cell
technology; providing technical information in the field of
chemical manufacturing, namely, hydrogen, and fuel cells;
providing technical information in the field of power
generation, namely, hydrogen-based electric generators for
heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology. Scientific and technological services, namely, scientific
research in the field of electrochemistry, electrochemical
device performance, fuel cell technology, hydrogen
production, material science, system engineering; remote
monitoring of the functioning and use of electrical
equipment, namely, fuel cells and hydrogen- based electric
generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell
technology; providing engineering services in the field of
energy efficiency related to fuel cells equipment and
hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air
conditioning using fuel cell technology; technical
consultation in the field of environmental science,
engineering services, design for others in the field of
energy engineering, designing and testing of energy products
for others, namely, fuel cells and hydrogen-powered
electricity generators; computer programming; computer
programming for estimating and controlling the most
appropriate distribution of electrical power, for heating
and air conditioning; computer programming for energy
management.
9.
FUEL CELL COMPONENT INCLUDING POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE FILM BONDED TO GRAPHITE
An illustrative example embodiment of method of making a fuel cell component includes placing a graphite substrate and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer in a heated press with a fluoroelastomer adhesive between the graphite substrate and the PTFE layer; pressing the PTFE layer, the fluoroelastomer adhesive and the graphite substrate together using the heated press; removing the graphite substrate, the fluoroelastomer adhesive and the PTFE layer from the heated press; and allowing the graphite substrate, the fluoroelastomer adhesive, and the PTFE layer to cool.
An illustrative example embodiment of method of making a fuel cell component includes placing a graphite substrate and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer in a heated press with a fluoroelastomer adhesive between the graphite substrate and the PTFE layer; pressing the PTFE layer, the fluoroelastomer adhesive and the graphite substrate together using the heated press; removing the graphite substrate, the fluoroelastomer adhesive and the PTFE layer from the heated press; and allowing the graphite substrate, the fluoroelastomer adhesive, and the PTFE layer to cool.
An illustrative example embodiment of a fuel cell component includes a graphite substrate, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer adjacent a portion of the graphite substrate, and a plurality of segments of acrylic adhesive between the portion of the graphite substrate and the PTFE layer. The acrylic adhesive secures the PTFE layer to the portion of the graphite substrate. There is spacing between adjacent ones of the segments. In an example embodiment having one or more features of the fuel cell component of any of the previous paragraphs, the edge of the graphite substrate is adjacent the second edge of the PTFE layer and the spacing between adjacent ones of the segments prevents the acrylic adhesive from establishing a continuous electrolyte migration path between the first edge of the PTFE layer and the second edge of the PTFE layer.
An illustrative example embodiment of a fuel cell component includes a graphite substrate, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer adjacent a portion of the graphite substrate, and a plurality of segments of acrylic adhesive between the portion of the graphite substrate and the PTFE layer. The acrylic adhesive secures the PTFE layer to the portion of the graphite substrate. There is spacing between adjacent ones of the segments.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
35 - Advertising and business services
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Mobile electric power generators; mobile electric generators using hydrogen and fuel cell technology for heating and air conditioning by using hydrogen and fuel cell technology; hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology.
(2) Fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices configured for energy storage, namely, electrolysers; fuel cells configured for energy storage; fuel cells and structural parts thereof, fuel cell control systems comprised primarily of pressure sensors, ammeters and automatic valves, and structural parts thereof; electric control devices for energy management; computer programs for energy management; testing and measuring equipment for use in testing the performance and efficiency of fuel cell equipment; charging stations for electric vehicles equipped with fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators; computer software for use with navigation systems comprised of sensors, gyroscopes, accelerometers.
(3) Hydrogen-generation equipment and components, namely, hydrogen generators, hydrogen purifiers, hydrogen purification membranes, fuel processors, and steam reformers; fuel cell power plants; fuel cell power plants configured for recouping energy in pipeline applications, namely, natural gas pipelines; fuel cell power plants configured for capturing carbon emissions; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen production; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen separation; fuel cell power plants configured for energy storage. (1) Business operation of power generation equipment and facilities for others featuring fuel cells and hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; wholesale and retail store services featuring fuel cells and hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; wholesale and retail store services of hydrogen as renewable energy.
(2) Financing of power plants and fuel cells for others.
(3) Installation, repair and maintenance of fuel cells, hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology, and related structural parts, control systems, energy management and storage systems therefor; repair and maintenance of charging stations services using fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators.
(4) Generation of power, for heating and air conditioning through operation of equipment and installations of fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators; production of hydrogen; production of fuel cells; custom manufacture of hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology, and related structural parts, control systems, energy management and storage systems therefor; custom manufacture of testing and measuring equipment for use in testing hydrogen, fuel cells, hydrogen-based generators of electricity with fuel cell technology; providing technical information in the field of chemical manufacturing, namely, hydrogen, and fuel cells; providing technical information in the field of power generation, namely, hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology.
(5) Scientific and technological services, namely, scientific research in the field of electrochemistry, electrochemical device performance, fuel cell technology, hydrogen production, material science, system engineering; remote monitoring of the functioning and use of electrical equipment, namely, fuel cells and hydrogen- based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; providing engineering services in the field of energy efficiency related to fuel cells equipment and hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; technical consultation in the field of environmental science, engineering services, design for others in the field of energy engineering, designing and testing of energy products for others, namely, fuel cells and hydrogen-powered electricity generators; computer programming; computer programming for estimating and controlling the most appropriate distribution of electrical power, for heating and air conditioning; computer programming for energy management.
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
35 - Advertising and business services
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Mobile electric power generators; mobile electric generators using hydrogen and fuel cell technology for heating and air conditioning by using hydrogen and fuel cell technology; hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; Electrical and electronic apparatus and equipment for use in generating hydrogen for use as an energy source and other purposes in industrial, commercial and residential applications Generation of power, for heating and air conditioning through operation of equipment and installations of fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators; production of hydrogen; production of fuel cells; custom manufacture of hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology, and related structural parts, control systems, energy management and storage systems therefor; custom manufacture of testing and measuring equipment for use in testing hydrogen, fuel cells, hydrogen-based generators of electricity with fuel cell technology; providing technical information in the field of chemical manufacturing, namely, hydrogen, and fuel cells; providing technical information in the field of power generation, namely, hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology Fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; Electrochemical devices configured for energy storage, namely, electrolysers apparatus for breaking down water through an electrochemical process and generating hydrogen; fuel cells configured for energy storage; fuel cells and structural parts thereof, fuel cell control systems comprised primarily of pressure sensors, ammeters and automatic valves, and structural parts thereof; electric control devices for energy management; downloadable computer programs for energy management; testing and measuring equipment for use in testing the performance and efficiency of fuel cell equipment; charging stations for electric vehicles equipped with fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators fuel cell power plants; fuel cell power plants configured for recouping energy in pipeline applications, namely, natural gas pipelines; fuel cell power plants configured for capturing carbon emissions; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen production; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen separation; fuel cell power plants configured for energy storage Business operation for others of power generation equipment and facilities for others featuring fuel cells and hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; wholesale and retail store services featuring fuel cells and hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; wholesale and retail store services featuring hydrogen as renewable energy Financing of power plants and fuel cells for others Installation, repair and maintenance of fuel cells, hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology, and related structural parts, control systems, energy management and storage systems therefor; repair and maintenance of charging stations services using fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators Scientific and technological services, namely, scientific research in the field of electrochemistry, electrochemical device performance, fuel cell technology, hydrogen production, material science, system engineering; remote monitoring of the functioning and use of electrical equipment, namely, fuel cells and hydrogen- based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; providing engineering services in the field of energy efficiency related to fuel cells equipment and hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; technical consultation in the field of environmental science, engineering services, design for others in the field of energy engineering, designing and testing of energy products for others, namely, fuel cells and hydrogen-powered electricity generators; computer programming; computer programming for estimating and controlling the most appropriate distribution of electrical power, for heating and air conditioning; computer programming for energy management
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells;
fuel cells configured for energy storage; fuel cells and
structural parts thereof, fuel cell control systems
comprised primarily of pressure sensors, ammeters and
automatic valves, and structural parts thereof; electric
control devices for energy management; computer programs for
energy management; testing and measuring equipment for use
in testing the performance and efficiency of fuel cell
equipment; charging stations for electric vehicles equipped
with fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators.
A hydrogen generation system includes a plurality of cell stack assemblies, each including a plurality of cells. The cell stack assemblies are electrically connected in series. The cell stack assemblies each receive water and electricity and generate hydrogen as a result of an electrochemical reaction within the cells. The hydrogen is intended for use outside of the system and may be stored or transported to another location. A plurality of conduits carry water into and water, oxygen and hydrogen away from the cell stack assemblies. The conduits each include a dielectric section near the respective cell stack assembly to reduce or eliminate shunt currents between the cell stack assemblies. The dielectric sections may also serve to electrically isolate the cell stack assemblies from grounded portions of the system, such as a supporting frame.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
(1) Fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; fuel cells configured for energy storage; fuel cells and structural parts thereof, fuel cell control systems comprised primarily of pressure sensors, ammeters and automatic valves, and structural parts thereof; electric control devices for energy management; computer programs for energy management; testing and measuring equipment for use in testing the performance and efficiency of fuel cell equipment; charging stations for electric vehicles equipped with fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; fuel cells configured for energy storage; fuel cells and structural parts thereof, fuel cell control systems comprised primarily of pressure sensors, ammeters and automatic valves, and structural parts thereof; electric control devices for energy management; preinstalled and downloadable computer programs sold as a component of another finished product, specifically, fuel cells for energy management; testing and measuring equipment for use in testing the performance and efficiency of fuel cell equipment; charging stations for electric vehicles equipped with fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators
An ejector receives steam at a primary inlet and natural gas at a secondary inlet. A computer responds to a signal indicating current in the load of a fuel cell as well as a signal indicating temperature of a steam reformer to move a linear actuator to control a needle that adjusts the size of the steam orifice. Reformate is fed to a separator scrubber which cools the reformate to its dew point indicated by a sensor. From that, a controller generates the fuel/carbon ratio for display and to bias a signal on a line regulating the amount of steam passing through an ejector to the inlet of the reformer. Alternatively, the reformate may be cooled to its dew point by a controllable heat exchanger in response to pressure and temperature signals.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
35 - Advertising and business services
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Mobile electric power generators; mobile electric generators
using hydrogen and fuel cell technology for heating and air
conditioning by using hydrogen and fuel cell technology;
hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air
conditioning using fuel cell technology. Fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells;
electrochemical devices configured for energy storage,
namely, electrolysers (electrolytic cells); fuel cells
configured for energy storage; fuel cells and structural
parts thereof, fuel cell control systems comprised primarily
of pressure sensors, ammeters, solenoid valves, and
structural parts thereof; electric control devices for
energy management; computer programs for energy management;
testing and measuring equipment for use in testing the
performance and efficiency of fuel cell equipment; charging
stations for electric vehicles equipped with fuel cells and
hydrogen-based generators; computer software for use with
navigation systems comprised of sensors, gyroscopes,
accelerometers; fuel cell power plants; fuel cell power
plants configured for recouping energy in pipeline
applications, namely, natural gas pipelines; fuel cell power
plants configured for capturing carbon emissions; fuel cell
power plants configured for hydrogen production; fuel cell
power plants configured for hydrogen separation; fuel cell
power plants configured for energy storage. Hydrogen-generation equipment and components, namely,
hydrogen generators, hydrogen purifiers, hydrogen
purification membranes, fuel processors, and steam
reformers. Business operation of power generation equipment and
facilities for others featuring fuel cells and
hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air
conditioning using fuel cell technology; wholesale and
retail store services featuring fuel cells and
hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air
conditioning using fuel cell technology; wholesale and
retail store services of hydrogen as renewable energy. Financing of power plants and fuel cells for others. Installation, repair and maintenance of fuel cells,
hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air
conditioning using fuel cell technology, and related
structural parts, control systems, energy management and
storage systems therefor; repair and maintenance of charging
stations services using fuel cells and hydrogen-based
generators. Generation of power, for heating and air conditioning
through operation of equipment and installations of fuel
cells and hydrogen-based generators; production of hydrogen;
custom manufacturing of fuel cells; custom manufacture of
hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air
conditioning using fuel cell technology, and related
structural parts, control systems, energy management and
storage systems therefor; custom manufacture of testing and
measuring equipment for use in testing hydrogen, fuel cells,
hydrogen-based generators of electricity with fuel cell
technology; providing technical information in the field of
chemical custom manufacturing of hydrogen and fuel cells;
providing technical information in the field of power
generation, namely, hydrogen-based electric generators for
heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology. Scientific and technological services, namely, scientific
research in the field of electrochemistry, electrochemical
device performance, fuel cell technology, hydrogen
production, material science, system engineering; remote
monitoring of the functioning and use of electrical
equipment, namely, fuel cells and hydrogen- based electric
generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell
technology; providing engineering services in the field of
energy efficiency related to fuel cells equipment and
hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air
conditioning using fuel cell technology; technical
consultation in the field of environmental science,
engineering services, design for others in the field of
energy engineering, designing and testing of energy products
for others, namely, fuel cells and hydrogen-powered
electricity generators; computer programming; computer
programming for estimating and controlling the most
appropriate distribution of electrical power, for heating
and air conditioning; computer programming for energy
management.
An illustrative example hydrogen concentration sensor includes a plurality of electrically conductive plates. A hydrogen evolving electrode assembly in a first location between two of the plates is configured to generate hydrogen. A detection electrode assembly in a second location between two of the plates is configured to provide an indication of a concentration of hydrogen in a fluid of interest. A plurality of isolating layers includes a first isolating layer at the first location between two of the plates and a second isolating layer at the second location between two of the plates. The first and second isolating layers each include a sealant that secures the two plates together and seals a perimeter around the electrode assembly at the corresponding location.
An illustrative example hydrogen concentration sensor includes a first end plate. A hydrogen evolving electrode assembly that generates hydrogen is situated adjacent the first end plate and at least partially exposed through an opening through the end plate. A separator plate is between the hydrogen evolving electrode assembly and a detection electrode assembly. The separator plate includes a passage to allow a flow of hydrogen generated by the hydrogen evolving electrode assembly to the detection electrode assembly. A second end plate is situated adjacent the detection electrode assembly and includes a second opening where a portion of the detection electrode assembly is exposed to a fluid of interest to provide an indication of a concentration of hydrogen in the fluid of interest.
An illustrative example hydrogen concentration sensor includes a first end plate. A hydrogen evolving electrode assembly that generates hydrogen is situated adjacent the first end plate and at least partially exposed through an opening through the end plate. A separator plate is between the hydrogen evolving electrode assembly and a detection electrode assembly. The separator plate includes a passage to allow a flow of hydrogen generated by the hydrogen evolving electrode assembly to the detection electrode assembly. A second end plate is situated adjacent the detection electrode assembly and includes a second opening where a portion of the detection electrode assembly is exposed to a fluid of interest to provide an indication of a concentration of hydrogen in the fluid of interest.
An illustrative example hydrogen concentration sensor includes a plurality of electrically conductive plates. A hydrogen evolving electrode assembly in a first location between two of the plates is configured to generate hydrogen. A detection electrode assembly in a second location between two of the plates is configured to provide an indication of a concentration of hydrogen in a fluid of interest. A plurality of isolating layers includes a first isolating layer at the first location between two of the plates and a second isolating layer at the second location between two of the plates. The first and second isolating layers each include a sealant that secures the two plates together and seals a perimeter around the electrode assembly at the corresponding location.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
26.
Fuel cell component including scale-accommodating flow channels
An illustrative example fuel cell component includes a plate with a plurality of flow channels in at least one side of the plate. Each of the flow channels has a length between an inlet and an outlet. Each of the flow channels has a width and a depth, which are transverse to the length. At least some of the flow channels include a portion near the inlet and the width or the depth of the portion is greater than the width or depth along a majority of the length of those flow channels.
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
H01M 8/0265 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
35 - Advertising and business services
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Mobile electric power generators; mobile electric generators using hydrogen and fuel cell technology for heating and air conditioning by using hydrogen and fuel cell technology; hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology.
(2) Fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices configured for energy storage, namely, electrolysers (electrolytic cells); fuel cells configured for energy storage; fuel cells and structural parts thereof, fuel cell control systems comprised primarily of pressure sensors, ammeters, solenoid valves, and structural parts thereof; electric control devices for energy management, namely, modules, computers, boards, wires, relays, and fuses for fuel cell electricity production and electrolyzer hydrogen production; computer programs for energy management, namely, downloadable computer programs that enable electricity production for fuel cells and hydrogen production for electrolyzers; testing and measuring equipment for use in testing the performance and efficiency of fuel cell equipment; charging stations for electric vehicles equipped with fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators; fuel cell power plants; fuel cell power plants configured for recouping energy in pipeline applications, namely, natural gas pipelines; fuel cell power plants configured for capturing carbon emissions; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen production; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen separation; fuel cell power plants configured for energy storage.
(3) Hydrogen-generation equipment and components, namely, hydrogen generators, hydrogen purifiers, hydrogen purification membranes, fuel processors, and steam reformers. (1) Business operation of power generation equipment and facilities for others featuring fuel cells and hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; wholesale and retail store services featuring fuel cells and hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; wholesale and retail store services of hydrogen as renewable energy.
(2) Financing of power plants and fuel cells for others.
(3) Installation, repair and maintenance of fuel cells, hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology, and related structural parts, control systems, energy management and storage systems therefor; repair and maintenance of charging stations services using fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators.
(4) Generation of power, for heating and air conditioning through operation of equipment and installations of fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators; production of hydrogen; custom manufacturing of fuel cells; custom manufacture of hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology, and related structural parts, control systems, energy management and storage systems therefor; custom manufacture of testing and measuring equipment for use in testing hydrogen, fuel cells, hydrogen-based generators of electricity with fuel cell technology; providing technical information in the field of chemical custom manufacturing of hydrogen and fuel cells; providing technical information in the field of power generation, namely, hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology.
(5) Scientific and technological services, namely, scientific research in the field of electrochemistry, electrochemical device performance, fuel cell technology, hydrogen production, material science, system engineering; remote monitoring of the functioning and use of electrical equipment, namely, fuel cells and hydrogen- based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; providing engineering services in the field of energy efficiency related to fuel cells equipment and hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; technical consultation in the field of environmental science, electrical and energy engineering, design for others in the field of energy engineering, designing and testing of energy products for others, namely, fuel cells and hydrogen-powered electricity generators; computer programming; computer programming for estimating and controlling the most appropriate distribution of electrical power, for heating and air conditioning; computer programming for energy management.
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
07 - Machines and machine tools
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
35 - Advertising and business services
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Generation of power, for heating and air conditioning through operation of equipment and installations of fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators; production of hydrogen; production of fuel cells; custom manufacture of hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology, and related structural parts, control systems, energy management and storage systems therefor; custom manufacture of testing and measuring equipment for use in testing hydrogen, fuel cells, hydrogen-based generators of electricity with fuel cell technology; providing technical information in the field of chemical manufacturing, namely, hydrogen, and fuel cells; providing technical information in the field of power generation, namely, hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology Mobile electric power generators; mobile electric generators using hydrogen and fuel cell technology for heating and air conditioning by using hydrogen and fuel cell technology; hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology Fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices configured for energy storage, namely, electrolysers; fuel cells configured for energy storage; fuel cells and structural parts thereof, fuel cell control systems comprised primarily of pressure sensors, ammeters and automatic valves, and structural parts thereof; electric control devices for energy management; downloadable computer programs for energy management; testing and measuring equipment for use in testing the performance and efficiency of fuel cell equipment; charging stations for electric vehicles equipped with fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators; downloadable computer software for operating navigation systems comprised of sensors, gyroscopes, accelerometers Hydrogen-generation equipment and components, namely, hydrogen generators, hydrogen purifiers, hydrogen purification membranes, fuel processors, and steam reformers; fuel cell power plants; fuel cell power plants configured for recouping energy in pipeline applications, namely, natural gas pipelines; fuel cell power plants configured for capturing carbon emissions; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen production; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen separation; fuel cell power plants configured for energy storage Business operation of power generation equipment and facilities for others featuring fuel cells and hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; wholesale and retail store services featuring fuel cells and hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; wholesale and retail store services of hydrogen as renewable energy Financing of power plants and fuel cells for others Installation, repair and maintenance of fuel cells, hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology, and related structural parts, control systems, energy management and storage systems therefor; repair and maintenance of charging stations services using fuel cells and hydrogen-based generators Scientific and technological services, namely, scientific research in the field of electrochemistry, electrochemical device performance, fuel cell technology, hydrogen production, material science, system engineering; remote monitoring of the functioning and use of electrical equipment, namely, fuel cells and hydrogen- based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; providing engineering services in the field of energy efficiency related to fuel cells equipment and hydrogen-based electric generators for heating and air conditioning using fuel cell technology; technical consultation in the field of environmental science, engineering services, design for others in the field of energy engineering, designing and testing of energy products for others, namely, fuel cells and hydrogen-powered electricity generators; computer programming; computer programming for estimating and controlling the most appropriate distribution of electrical power, for heating and air conditioning; computer programming for energy management
A fuel cell includes a fuel cell stack. A pressure plate is arranged on one side of the fuel cell stack. The pressure plate includes a hole, and a tie rod assembly has a tie rod received in the hole. A nut with a conical surface is secured to the tie rod. An isolator is arranged in the hole between the tie rod assembly and the pressure plate. The isolator has a conical portion, and the conical surface engages the conical portion to provide a conical interface. The tie rod assembly applies a clamp load on the fuel cell stack via the conical interface.
H01M 8/248 - Means for compression of the fuel cell stacks
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
H01M 8/0271 - Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
An illustrative example fuel cell reactant flow control valve assembly includes a pneumatic valve configured to allow reactant flow when the pneumatic valve is in an open condition and to prevent reactant flow when the pneumatic valve is in a closed condition. A control valve selectively allows a pressure of the reactant to provide pneumatic pressure to maintain the pneumatic valve in the open condition. The control valve selectively vents the pneumatic pressure reservoir to control a rate at which the pneumatic pressure decreases and a rate at which the pneumatic valve changes from the open condition to the closed condition.
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
31.
FUEL CELL POWER PLANT CONTROL TO PREVENT REACTANT STARVATION DURING ISLANDED MODE OF OPERATION
An illustrative example controller for a fuel cell power plant includes at least one processor and memory associated with the processor. The processor is configured to control operation of the fuel cell power plant during an islanded mode of operation wherein the fuel cell power plant provides output power to a load. The processor is configured to control the operation of the fuel cell power plant in the islanded mode by adjusting a droop gain of the controller to change the output power of the fuel cell power plant in response to a change in demand from the load. While adjusting the droop gain, the processor is configured to maintain a portion of the demand from the load met by the output power of the fuel cell power plant within a predetermined allocation of islanded mode load sharing assigned to the fuel cell power plant, maintain a ramp up rate of the output power of the fuel cell power plant within a predetermined maximum ramp up capability of the fuel cell power plant, and maintain a frequency of the output power of the fuel cell power plant within a predetermined range.
H01M 8/04992 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
An illustrative example fuel cell cooler plate includes a first side configured to be received adjacent a fuel cell component and a second side facing opposite the first side. The first side defines a first surface area of the plate. An edge is transverse to the first side and the second side. The edge has a surface area that is less than the first surface area. A first coolant passage within the plate is closer to the second side than the first side. A second coolant passage is between the first side and the first coolant passage. The second coolant passage is in a heat exchange relationship with the first coolant passage.
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/0263 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
H01M 8/0265 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
An illustrative example fuel cell assembly includes a plurality of fuel cells arranged in a stack including a first end fuel cell near a first end of the stack and a second end fuel cell near a second end of the stack. Each of the fuel cells includes a matrix containing an electrolyte, an anode and a cathode on opposite sides of the matrix, and respective flow fields adjacent the anode and the cathode. An electrolyte supply associated with the anode flow field of the first end fuel cell includes a porous material containing electrolyte. An electrolyte collector associated with the cathode flow field of the second end fuel cell includes a porous material configured to collect electrolyte from at least the cathode of the second end fuel cell.
H01M 8/04276 - Arrangements for managing the electrolyte stream, e.g. heat exchange
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
An illustrative example system for managing hydrogen utilization in a fuel cell power plant includes a first hydrogen concentration sensor that provides an indication of a first concentration of hydrogen in a fluid flowing into an anode inlet of the power plant. A second hydrogen concentration sensor provides an indication of a second concentration of hydrogen in a fluid flowing out of an anode exit of the power plant. A processor determines a utilization of hydrogen by the power plant based on the first and second concentrations.
An illustrative example fuel cell power plant includes a cell stack assembly, a single stage convertor configured to couple the cell stack assembly to a power network, and a controller that is configured to determine whether the fuel cell power plant has a DC voltage brownout condition during an islanded mode of operation. The controller dynamically adjusts the frequency droop gain of the power plant using an offset while satisfying at least three criteria of a set of criteria consisting of (i) avoiding overloading other fuel cell power plants of the power network, (ii) avoiding exceeding a maximum load step-up capability of the power network, (iii) avoiding exceeding a maximum load step-up capability of the fuel cell power plant, (iv) maintaining a system frequency within an acceptable frequency range, and (v) avoiding repeating the DC voltage brownout condition.
An illustrative example hydrogen concentration sensor includes a hydrogen chamber configured to isolate hydrogen within the hydrogen chamber from gas outside the hydrogen chamber. A hydrogen evolving electrode is configured to generate pure hydrogen within the hydrogen chamber. A reference electrode is situated to be exposed to pure hydrogen within the hydrogen chamber. A detection electrode associated with the reference electrode is situated to be exposed to gas outside the hydrogen chamber. The detection electrode is configured to provide an indication of a concentration of hydrogen in the gas outside the hydrogen chamber.
An illustrative example fuel cell device includes a cell stack assembly of a plurality of fuel cells that each include an anode and a cathode. A pressure plate is situated near one end of the cell stack assembly. A spacer between the end of the cell stack assembly and the pressure plate has a length, a width, and a height. The height of the spacer defines a spacing between the pressure plate and the end of the cell stack assembly. The spacer has a plurality of ribs that define at least two fluid reservoirs. At least one of the ribs separates the fluid reservoirs so that fluid in one of the reservoirs is isolated from fluid in the other.
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
An illustrative example fuel cell device includes a cell stack assembly of a plurality of fuel cells that each include an anode and a cathode. A pressure plate is situated near one end of the cell stack assembly. An intermediate component is situated between the end of the cell stack assembly and the pressure plate. The intermediate component includes a porous material in at least two fluid reservoirs and a barrier between the two fluid reservoirs to prevent fluid communication between the reservoirs.
An illustrative example reformer includes a housing having an inlet plenum, a reforming section, and an outlet. The inlet plenum includes a catalyst situated where a source fluid passing through the inlet plenum will be exposed to the catalyst prior to entering the reforming section.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
An illustrated example method of making a porous carbon composite includes mixing a carbon-based material, a binder and pore former particles to establish a mixture. The mixture is placed into a mold where it is subjected to pressure at an ambient temperature to form a compacted body. Subsequently, the compacted body is heated to a temperature that causes at least partial removal of the pore former particles to establish pores in place of at least some of the pore former particles.
An illustrative example enclosure includes a support frame having longitudinal beams and lateral channel members that define an outward facing flow passage. A first roof panel and a second roof panel respectively include lateral edges aligned with the channel members. The lateral edge of the first roof panel is situated adjacent the lateral edge of the second roof panel. An interface between the lateral edge of the first roof panel and the lateral edge of the second roof panel is situated above or within the flow passage of one of the channel members. At least one seal engages the first roof panel and the second roof panel. The seal is received in the flow passage of the channel member in sealing engagement with the channel member.
An illustrative example fuel cell assembly includes at least one cooler and a plurality of fuel cells each having an anode and a cathode. Each of the anodes includes an anode flow plate configured to allow fuel to flow through the anode. The anode flow plates have a respective flow resistance that varies among at least some of the anodes based on a distance between the corresponding anode and the cooler.
H01M 8/18 - Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
H01M 8/0267 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
H01M 8/0265 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
H01M 8/2483 - Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
An illustrative example fuel cell assembly includes a plurality of cells respectively including at least an electrolyte layer, an anode flow plate on one side of the electrolyte layer, and a cathode flow plate on an opposite side of the electrolyte layer. At least one cooler is situated adjacent a first one of the cells. The cooler is closer to that first one of the cells than it is to a second one of the cells. The cathode flow plates respectively include a plurality of flow channels and the anode flow plates respectively include a plurality of flow channels. The anode flow plates respectively include some of the flow channels in a condensation zone of the fuel cell assembly. The flow channels of the anode flow plate in the condensation zone of the first one of the cells have a first flow capacity. The flow channels of the anode flow plate of the second one of the cells that are in the condensation zone have a second flow capacity. The second flow capacity is greater than the first flow capacity.
H01M 8/0267 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/24 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
An illustrative example embodiment of a fuel cell includes a cathode electrode, an anode electrode, and a porous matrix layer between the electrodes. The porous matrix layer includes pores and solids. The solids comprises at least 90% boron phosphate. A phosphoric acid electrolyte is within the pores of the matrix layer.
An illustrative example embodiment of a fuel cell manifold device includes a self-supporting polymer material liner body including a generally planar primary wall and a plurality of side walls. The side walls respectively extend generally perpendicularly from the primary wall. Interior surfaces on the primary wall and the side walls collectively define a cavity. The primary wall has a length and a width that is smaller than the length. The primary wall includes a plurality of ribs situated width wise along the primary wall. The ribs are spaced apart from each other in a lengthwise direction. The ribs allow for some thermal expansion of the liner body.
An illustrative example fuel cell power plant includes a cell stack assembly having a plurality of fuel cells configured to generate electricity based on an electrochemical reaction. The power plant includes a capacitor, a plurality of inverters, and at least one controller that is configured to control the plurality of inverters in a first mode and a second mode. The first mode includes the cell stack assembly associated with at least one of the inverters. A cell stack assembly and the associated inverter provide real power to a load external to the fuel cell power plant in the first mode. The second mode includes at least a second one of the inverters associated with the capacitor. The capacitor and the second one of the inverters selectively provide reactive power to or receive reactive power from a grid external to the fuel cell power plant in the second mode.
An illustrative example electrical power generating system includes a fuel cell power plant that is configured to generate electrical power. The fuel cell power plant includes a cell stack assembly including a plurality of fuel cells that are configured to generate electrical power based on a chemical reaction. A coolant network is configured to carry fluid toward the cell stack assembly where fluid in the coolant network can become heated by absorbing heat from the fuel cell power plant. The coolant network includes a thermal hydraulic engine that is configured to generate electrical power. The coolant network is configured to carry the heated fluid to the thermal hydraulic engine where the heated fluid can be used for generating electrical power. The coolant network is configured to carry a reduced temperature fluid from the thermal hydraulic engine back toward the cell stack assembly.
F02B 63/04 - Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generatorsPortable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
F03G 7/08 - Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching, or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
H02K 7/18 - Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g.with turbines
F01D 15/10 - Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
F02C 6/00 - Plural gas-turbine plantsCombinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatusAdaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
H02P 9/04 - Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H01M 8/04992 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
F01B 29/08 - Reciprocating-piston machines or engines not otherwise provided for
F01K 25/00 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
F02G 1/04 - Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
An illustrative example method of making a fuel cell component includes mixing a catalyst material with a hydrophobic binder in a solvent to establish a liquid mixture having at least some coagulation of the catalyst material and the hydrophobic binder. The liquid mixture is applied to at least one side of a porous gas diffusion layer. At least some of the solvent of the applied liquid mixture is removed from the porous gas diffusion layer. The catalyst material remaining on the porous gas diffusion layer is dried under pressure.
An illustrative example fuel cell electrolyte management device includes a first component having a first density and a second component having a second density that is less than the first density. The first component has a first side including a pocket and a second side facing opposite the first side. The second side of the first component includes a first plurality of fluid flow channels. The second component has a porosity configured for storing electrolyte in the second component. The second component fits within the pocket. The second component has a first side received directly against the first side of the first component. The second component has a second side including a second plurality of fluid flow channels.
An illustrative example system includes at least one fuel cell that is configured to generate electricity based on an electrochemical reaction. The fuel cell includes an exhaust. A heat pump includes an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor, and an expansion valve. A coolant loop is external to the at least one fuel cell. The coolant loop has a first portion associated with the exhaust such that heat from the exhaust increases a temperature of coolant fluid in the first portion. The coolant loop has a second portion downstream of the first portion. The second portion of the coolant loop is associated with the evaporator such that heat from the coolant fluid in the second portion increases the temperature of the evaporator.
An example method of decontaminating a fuel reactant stream for a fuel cell flows the fuel reactant stream through a fluidized ammonia dissolving media, while simultaneously flowing water through the fluidized ammonia dissolving media to separate contaminants from the fuel reactant stream into a separated contaminant and water stream. The separated contaminant and water stream from the fluidized bed is accumulated within an accumulator, circulated through a water-control loop, and decontaminated by flowing the stream through an ion exchange bed secured in fluid communication with the water-control loop. A decontaminated water stream from the ion exchange bed is circulated back through the ammonia dissolving media. A temperature of the fuel reactant stream is controlled upstream of the fuel reactant stream entering the separator scrubber to produce a predetermined temperature of the fuel reactant stream passing through the separator scrubber.
H01M 8/06 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
An illustrative method of making a fuel cell component includes obtaining at least one blank plate including graphite and a polymer; establishing a temperature of the blank that is sufficient to maintain the polymer in an at least partially molten state; and applying a compression molding force to the blank until the polymer is essentially solidified to form a plate including a plurality of channels on at least one side of the plate. The blank plate has a central area having a first thickness. The blank plate also has two generally parallel edges on opposite sides of the central area. The edges have a second thickness that is greater than the first thickness.
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
B29C 43/02 - Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding materialApparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
The fuel cell (100) includes an oxidant flow plate (212), an adjacent cathode substrate layer (216) having a cathode catalyst (222), a matrix (224) for retaining a liquid electrolyte (230), wherein the matrix (224) is secured adjacent and between the cathode catalyst (222) and an anode catalyst (232). A first anode substrate (102) is secured adjacent the anode catalyst (232), and at least a second duplicate anode substrate layer (108) is secured adjacent the first anode substrate layer (102) for providing greater pore volume for storage of the liquid electrolyte (230) and to limit obstruction of the pore volume of the anode substrates (102, 108). The duplicate anode substrate layer (108) may be partially filled with the liquid electrolyte (230) at the beginning of life of the fuel cell (100).
H01M 8/0245 - Composites in the form of layered or coated products
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
H01M 4/86 - Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
54.
Phosphoric acid fuel cell component having a polymer impregnated region
According to an example embodiment, a method of making a phosphoric acid fuel cell component includes situating at least one polymer film layer against a permeable component layer. The polymer film layer comprises a polymer that is chemically resistant to phosphoric acid. The polymer film layer is melted. The permeable component layer is impregnated with the melted polymer to thereby establish a region on the component layer that is impermeable to phosphoric acid. The impregnated region also provides a seal against reactant leakage from the component.
According to an example embodiment, a method of making a fuel cell component includes permeating at least a portion of a component layer with a polymer. The portion of the component layer is adjacent an edge of the component layer. Some of the polymer is allowed to extend beyond the edge to thereby establish a flap beyond the edge of the component layer. A fuel cell component includes a component layer having a portion adjacent an edge of the layer that is impregnated with a polymer material and a flap of the polymer material extending beyond the edge.
A cloud tower (11) receives microscopic particles (18) impelled by an inert gas (17) for deposition on a porous substrate (29) having vacuum (34) disposed on opposite side. To alter the size and/or shape of the deposition field without changing the entire tower structure, a pair of flaps (43, 44) are hinged (47, 48) on one side or on a pair of opposed sides of the cloud primary tower. Another embodiment places selectable tower inserts (36, 38) within the primary tower structure, fitting therein and sealing thereto.
B05C 19/00 - Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces
B05B 7/14 - Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
C23C 24/02 - Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
B05D 7/22 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes
B05B 12/36 - Side shields, i.e. shields extending in a direction substantially parallel to the spray jet
B05D 3/04 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
An exemplary method of providing an electrolyte for a fuel cell comprises including a electrolyte precursor within a fuel cell. An electrolyte is generated within the fuel cell from the precursor. An exemplary fuel cell system includes a cell stack assembly. A manifold is associated with the cell stack assembly. An electrolyte precursor is within at least one of the cell stack assembly or manifold for generating an electrolyte within a fuel cell.
A thermal priority fuel cell power plant includes a cell stack assembly for generating an electrical power output. The cell stack assembly includes an anode, a cathode, and a waste heat recovery loop. The waste heat recovery loop is configured to remove waste heat generated from the electrochemical reaction and is thermally coupled to the cell stack assembly for managing the waste heat of the cell stack assembly and for supplying thermal power to a thermal load demand. The waste heat recovery loop includes a heat exchanger in heat exchange relationship with the coolant outlet conduit and the thermal load demand. A controller is operatively associated with the cell stack assembly and the waste heat recovery loop. The controller controls the operation of the cell stack assembly by adjusting a fuel cell power plant parameter responsive to the thermal load demand.
An end-cooler assembly for a fuel cell includes a cooler having a coolant tube array. A composite material includes flake graphite and hydrophobic polymer. The composite material surrounds the coolant tube array and provides a first side. A flow field is formed in the first side. A thermal dam is embedded in and is entirely surrounded by the composite material. The thermal dam is arranged between the coolant tube array and the flow field. The coolant tube array, composite material, flow field and thermal dam comprise a unitary, monolithic structure bound together by the composite material.
An example energy dissipation device for controlling a fuel cell fluid includes a conduit extending in longitudinal direction between a first opening and a second opening. A flow control insert is configured to be received within the conduit. The flow control insert is configured to cause a fuel cell fluid to flow helically relative to the longitudinal direction.
Embodiments are disclosed that relate to a compact steam boiler which may provide steam to a steam reformer in a fuel cell system. For example, one disclosed embodiment provides a steam boiler including an outer shell and a first inner tube and a second inner tube within the outer shell, the first and second inner tubes spaced away from one another. The steam boiler further includes a twisted ribbon positioned inside each of the first and second inner tubes.
H01M 8/06 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
F22B 1/16 - Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being hot liquid or hot vapour, e.g. waste liquid, waste vapour
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
F22B 21/26 - Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes of form other than straight or substantially straight bent helically, i.e. coiled
62.
Fuel processing of feedstocks having components harmful to hydrodesulfurization
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
63.
System and method for operating a high temperature fuel cell as a back-up power supply with reduced performance decay
A method is provided for reducing degradation in a fuel cell assembly, including at least one fuel cell with a PBI membrane, during standby, operation. The method may include electrochemically consuming an oxidant from a cathode coupled to the PBI membrane in response to a disconnection of an external load and supplying fuel to remove or electrochemically consume any back-diffused oxidant to the associated fuel cell sufficient to replace or consume the back-diffused oxidant while the external load is removed, and/or also may include controlling a standby temperature of the fuel cell. In this way, it may be possible to avoid increased cell voltage decay associated with degradation of the PBI in a simple and cost effective system.
Embodiments are disclosed that relate to temperature distribution in a reaction chamber of a steam reformer. For example, one disclosed embodiment provides a steam reformer, comprising a central chamber through which feed gas flows, a reaction chamber surrounding the central chamber and having an inner wall and an outer wall, and a recuperative heat exchanger disposed between the inner wall of the reaction chamber and the central chamber.
Embodiments are disclosed that relate to increasing heat transfer in a steam reformer. For example, one disclosed embodiment provides a steam reformer including an outer wall and an inner wall which includes a step extending outward toward the outer wall and downward toward a bottom of the steam reformer at a position between a top of the steam reformer and the bottom of the steam reformer. The steam reformer further includes a reaction chamber disposed between the outer wall and the inner wall.
H01M 8/06 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
66.
Radiative heat transfer via fins in a steam reformer
Embodiments are disclosed that relate to increasing radiative heat transfer in a steam reformer from an exterior shell which includes a diffusion burner to an interior reactor via angled fins coupled to the exterior shell. For example, one disclosed embodiment provides a steam reformer, comprising an exterior shell which includes a diffusion burner and angled fins, the angled fins extending away from an inner surface of the exterior shell and downward toward the diffusion burner. The steam reformer further comprises an interior reactor positioned at least partly within the exterior shell.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Current generators and emergency power generators. Apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; power generation products; fuel cells; fuel cell assemblies; batteries; apparatus for converting natural gas into electrical and thermal energy. Providing technical information and analysis in the field of power generation.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Power generation products for solar, wind, geothermal and other clean efficient means of power generation, as well as general residential and commercial power generation, namely, fuel cells; fuel cell assemblies comprised of reformers for fuel cells, electrical and electronic sensors, microcomputers and activators for controlling fuel cell drives, fuel processors for molecular extraction, fuel cell stack systems for electricity and heat generation and inverters for transforming DC current into AC current and AC current into DC current and batteries; apparatus for converting natural gas into electrical and thermal energy, namely, fuel cells
69.
Reducing loss of liquid electrolyte from a high temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cell
A method for controlling an amount of a liquid electrolyte in a polymer-electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell is provided. The method comprises enriching one or more of a fuel flow and an air flow with a vapor of the liquid electrolyte, the liquid electrolyte being unreplenishable via an electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell. The method further comprises delivering the vapor of the liquid electrolyte to the fuel cell including the polymer-electrolyte membrane via one or more of the gas-permeable anode and or the gas-permeable cathode. In this manner, loss of liquid electrolyte from the PEM membrane of the fuel cell can be reduced, leading to improved fuel-cell endurance.
A fluidized contaminant separator and water-control loop (10) decontaminates a fuel reactant stream of a fuel cell (12). Water passes over surfaces of an ammonia dissolving media (61) within a fluidized bed (62) while the fuel reactant stream simultaneously passes over the surfaces to dissolve contaminants from the fuel reactant stream into a separated contaminant and water stream. A fuel-control heat exchanger (57) upstream from the scrubber (58) removes heat from the fuel stream. A water-control loop (78) directs flow of the separated contaminants and water stream from an accumulator (68) through an ion exchange bed (88) which removes contaminants from the stream. Decontaminated water is directed back into the scrubber (58) to flow through the fluidized bed (62). Separating contaminants from the fuel reactant stream and then isolating and concentrating the separated contaminants within the ion exchange material (88) minimizes costs and maintenance requirements.
H01M 8/06 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
71.
Preventing migration of liquid electrolyte out of a fuel cell
A stack (10) of fuel cells (11) is provided with barriers (32) to prevent migration of a liquid electrolyte (such as phosphoric acid) out of the cells (11). The barrier (32) is secured within a step (34) defined within a land region (28) of a separator plate assembly (18) and extends from an edge (30) of the separator plate assembly (18) all or a portion of a distance between the edge (30) and a flow channel (24) defined within the separator plate assembly (18). The barrier (32) also extends away from the edge (30) a distance of between 0.051 and 2.0 millimeters (2 and 80 mils). The barrier (32) includes a hydrophobic, polymeric film (36), a pressure sensitive adhesive (38), as an assembly aid, and a fluoroelastomer bonding agent (40).
A stack (10) of fuel cells (11) is manufactured with barriers (32) to prevent migration of a liquid electrolyte (such as phosphoric acid) out of the cells (11). The barrier (32) is secured within a step (34) formed within a land region (28) of a separator plate assembly (18) and extends from an edge (30) of the separator plate assembly (18) all or a portion of a distance between the edge (30) and a flow channel (24) defined within the separator plate assembly (18). The barrier (32) also extends away from the edge (30) a distance of between 0.051 and about 2.0 millimeters (about 2 and about 80 mils. The barrier (32) includes a hydrophobic, polymeric film (36), a pressure sensitive adhesive (38) as an assembly aid, and a fluoroelastomer bonding agent (40).
A fuel cell system is disclosed that includes a heat exchanger having first and second heat exchanger portions arranged in a fluid flow passage. The second heat exchanger portion is arranged downstream from the first heat exchanger portion. The first and second heat exchanger portions include a coolant flow passage and are configured to transfer heat between the fluid flow and coolant flow passages. The first heat exchanger portion includes a first corrosion-resistant material and the second heat exchanger portion includes a second corrosion-resistant material that is less corrosion-resistant than the first corrosion-resistant material. A collector, which includes a tray and/or a mist trap, is configured to collect acid in the first heat exchanger portion from a gas stream in the fluid flow passage. Collected acid can be sprayed into a gas stream upstream from a flow field of the fuel cell.
a) between the outer wall and a thin shell (92). The outer diameter of the thin shell is at least about 3/16 inch (about 4 mm) less than the inner diameter of an inner wall (20) of an annular hydrodesulfurizer (10), to facilitate inserting the shift converter and heat exchanger into the hydrodesulfurizer to form a unitized assembly (2). The spiral passages open into the hydrodesulfurizer.
F28D 7/10 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
F28D 1/06 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with the heat-exchange conduits forming part of, or being attached to, the tank containing the body of fluid
F28D 7/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
F28F 1/36 - Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically-wound fins or wire spirals
75.
Acid dilution device in condenser of phosphoric acid fuel cell
The condenser heat exchanger includes a housing that provides a gaseous stream flowpath and a bottom wall. A gaseous stream contains acid. The housing has a fluid inlet configured to introduce a liquid, such as water. A coolant tube is disposed within the housing in the gaseous stream flowpath and provides a coolant path. Acid condenses on and falls from the coolant tube into a collection area that is provided at the bottom wall near the coolant tube. The collection area is configured to maintain storage of a predetermined amount of fluid that includes the liquid, which dilutes the condensed acid.
A system and method for recovering and separating water vapor and electrolyte vapor from an exhaust stream (22) of a fuel cell uses a membrane tube (72) comprising membrane (74) having an outer wall (76) and an inner wall (78), wherein exhaust stream (22) is directed to contact outer wall (76), electrolyte vapor is condensed on outer wall (76), and water vapor is condensed inside the membrane (74), the condensed water drawn from the membrane (74) to inner wall (78), leaving behind condensed electrolyte (88) on outer wall (76).
Embodiments are disclosed that relate to increasing a temperature in a low temperature zone in a steam reforming reactor via a radiative heating shunt. For example, one disclosed embodiment provides a steam reforming reactor comprising a reaction chamber having an interior surface, a packing material located within the reaction chamber, and a radiative heating shunt extending from the interior surface into the reaction chamber. The radiative heating shunt comprises a porous partition enclosing a sub-volume of the reaction chamber bounded by the porous partition and a portion of the interior surface, the sub-volume being at least partly free of packing material such that radiative heat has a path from the interior surface to a distal portion of the porous partition that is unobstructed by packing material.
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
78.
Radiative heat transfer via fins in a steam reformer
Embodiments are disclosed that relate to increasing radiative heat transfer in a steam reformer from an exterior shell which includes a diffusion burner to an interior reactor via angled fins coupled to the exterior shell. For example, one disclosed embodiment provides a steam reformer, comprising an exterior shell which includes a diffusion burner and angled fins, the angled fins extending away from an inner surface of the exterior shell and downward toward the diffusion burner. The steam reformer further comprises an interior reactor positioned at least partly within the exterior shell.
In one example, a specimen is immersed in an electrolyte, and a plurality of potentials of the specimen are experimentally related to a plurality of currents by applying the potentials to the specimen while measuring the currents, or, by drawing the currents through the specimen while measuring the potentials. The potentials are referenced to a hydrogen reference electrode. Hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen reference electrode via an electrolysis cathode distinct from the hydrogen reference electrode. In another example, an electrochemical cell confines a head gas disposed over the electrolyte. A partial pressure of water vapor in the head gas is adjusted so that the concentration of water in the electrolyte, when equilibrated with the head gas, falls within a predetermined concentration range. The head gas and electrolyte are then equilibrated, thereby controlling the concentration of water in the electrolyte, and an electrochemical property of the specimen is measured.
A method for controlling an amount of a liquid electrolyte in a polymer-electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell is provided. The method comprises enriching one or more of a fuel flow and an air flow with a vapor of the liquid electrolyte, the liquid electrolyte being unreplenishable via an electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell. The method further comprises delivering the vapor of the liquid electrolyte to the fuel cell including the polymer-electrolyte membrane via one or more of the gas-permeable anode and or the gas-permeable cathode. In this manner, loss of liquid electrolyte from the PEM membrane of the fuel cell can be reduced, leading to improved fuel-cell endurance.
Fuel processing by a reformer (42) and a shift reactor (44) converts hydrocarbon feedstock (12) and steam (36) to hydrogen-rich reformate (11), such as for use in a fuel cell power plant (47). Some of the reformate is recycled through a restriction (18) to the inlet (15) of a feedstock pump (14), thereby increasing its pressure sufficiently to cause recycle flow through a hydrodesulfurizer (21) and the secondary inlet (26) of an ejector (28) driven by the steam (36). Recycle pressure (48) is maintained by steam pressure through a valve (34) regulated by a controller (17).
H01M 8/06 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
C01B 3/24 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
A fuel cell separator plate assembly (20) includes a separator plate layer (22) and flow field layers (24, 26). In one disclosed example, the separator plate layer (22) comprises graphite and a hydrophobic resin. The hydrophobic resin of the separator plate layer (22) serves to secure the separator plate layer to flow field layers on opposite sides of the separator plate layer. In one example, at least one of the flow field layers (24, 26) comprises graphite and a hydrophobic resin such that the flow field layer is hydrophobic and nonporous. In another example, two graphite and hydrophobic resin flow field layers are used on opposite sides of a separator plate layer. One disclosed example includes all three layers comprising graphite and a hydrophobic resin.
An integrated contaminant separator and water-control loop (10) decontaminates a fuel reactant stream of a fuel cell (12). Water passes over surfaces of an ammonia dissolving means (61) within a separator scrubber (58) while the fuel reactant stream simultaneously passes over the surfaces to dissolve contaminants from the fuel reactant stream into the water. An accumulator (68) collects the separated contaminant stream, and ion exchange material (69) integrated within the accumulator removes contaminants from the stream. A water-control pump (84) directs flow of a de-contaminated water stream from the accumulator (68) through a water-control loop (78) having a heat exchanger (86) and back onto the scrubber (58) to flow over the packed bed (62). Separating contaminants from the fuel reactant stream and then isolating and concentrating the separated contaminants within the ion exchange material (69) minimizes cost and maintenance requirements.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
84.
Air-cooled thermal management for a fuel cell stack
The air-cooled thermal management of a fuel cell stack is disclosed. One disclosed embodiment comprises a cooling plate apparatus for an air-cooled fuel cell stack, where the cooling plate comprises a body configured to receive heat from one or more fuel cells in thermal communication with the body, and airflow channels formed in the body and configured to allow a flow of a cooling air to pass across the body. An insulating structure is disposed in the airflow channels, wherein the insulating structure has decreasing thickness from a cooling air inlet toward a cooling air outlet.
An example fuel cell assembly includes a separator plate. Non-porous and hydrophobic flow field layers are associated with the separator plate. An electrolyte retaining matrix comprises silicon carbide powder and has a mean particle size of about 3 microns and a thickness of about 0.05 mm Hydrophilic substrates are associated with catalyst layers. The hydrophilic substrates are about 70% porous and have a void volume that is about 40% filled with transferable phosphoric acid in an initial condition. A condensation zone cools a vapor passing from the assembly to less than about 140° C.
An ammonia contact scrubber system (10) for removing ammonia from a fuel stream for a fuel cell (16) includes a contact scrubber (12) having a scrubber fuel inlet (14) and a scrubber fuel exhaust (20) for directing flow of the fuel stream through support material (24) within the scrubber (12) and into the fuel cell (16). An acid circulating loop (26) has an acid holding tank (28) holding a liquid acid solution (30), an acid feed line (32) secured in fluid communication between the holding tank (28) and a scrubber acid inlet (36) of the contact scrubber (12), an acid return (38) for returning the acid solution from the scrubber (12) to the acid holding tank (28), and an acid circulation pump (42) for pumping the acid solution (30) through the acid circulating loop (26) and through the support material (24) within the scrubber (12).
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
87.
Control for reformer, fuel cell and battery management system in a stationary power plant
A method of operating a power generating system including a fuel cell coupled to an electrical buffer, wherein the fuel cell is further coupled to a steam reformer, comprising adjusting operation of the reformer based on a voltage affected by the electrical buffer while maintaining a steam to carbon ratio of the reformer to control charging of the electrical buffer by the fuel cell.
a) in contact with the cathode catalyst, the anode substrate being thicker than the cathode substrate by a ratio of between 1.75 to 1.0 and 3.0 to 1.0. Non-porous, hydrophobic separator plate assemblies (19) provide fuel flow channels (20) and oxidant flow channels (21) as well as demarcating the fuel cells.
A method is provided for reducing degradation in a fuel cell assembly, including at least one fuel cell with a PBI membrane, during standby, operation. The method may include electrochemically consuming an oxidant from a cathode coupled to the PBI membrane in response to a disconnection of an external load and supplying fuel to remove or electrochemically consume any back-diffused oxidant to the associated fuel cell sufficient to replace or consume the back-diffused oxidant while the external load is removed, and/or also may include controlling a standby temperature of the fuel cell. In this way, it may be possible to avoid increased cell voltage decay associated with degradation of the PBI in a simple and cost effective system.
A separator scrubber (58) and isolation loop (78) decontaminates a fuel reactant stream of a fuel cell (12). Water passes over surfaces of an ammonia dissolving means (61) within the scrubber (58) while the fuel reactant stream simultaneously passes over the surfaces to remove contaminants from the fuel reactant into the water. An accumulator (68) collects the separated contaminants and water, and an isolation loop pump (84) directs flow of the separated contaminant stream through the isolation loop (78). A heat exchanger (86) and an ion exchange bed (88) modify the heat of, and remove contaminants from, the separated contaminant stream, and the isolation loop (78) directs the decontaminated stream back onto the packed bed (62)-. Separating contaminants from the fuel reactant stream and then isolating and concentrating the separated contaminants within the ion exchange bed (88) minimizes cost and maintenance requirements.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
91.
Fuel cell assembly having long life characteristics
A fuel cell assembly (20) has an extended operational life, in part, because of unique startup and shutdown procedures used for operating the fuel cell assembly. In disclosed examples, a purge gas mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen includes less than 2% hydrogen for selectively purging portions of the assembly during a startup or shutdown procedure. In a disclosed example, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture contains less than 0.1% hydrogen.
Substantially pure oxygen is provided to an up flow reformer (49a) from a separator (108) downwardly impelled water droplets (53) mix with the outflow (58) of a CPO (59), flowing upwardly through high temperature (68) and low temperature (73) water gas shift reactors. The reformer output flows through a mixer (79) to a down-flow PrOx containing two beds (82, 94) of preferential CO oxidation catalyst therein. A series of compressors (120-122) compress water and carbon dioxide out of the gaseous flow to provide pure, pressurized hydrogen. Oxygen (111) is separated (105, 108) from nitrogen (112).
