Abstract

A process for producing C10-C18 dialkyl cycloalkanes comprising: (i) subjecting a furfural compound, a furfuryl alcohol compound or a mixture of a furfural compound and a furfuryl alcohol compound to a reductive rearrangement reaction in the presence of water, hydrogen and hydrogenation catalyst comprising a supported transition metal to produce a reaction product comprising an active methylene group-containing cyclic ketone selected from cyclopentanone, substituted cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone or substituted cyclohexanone, and mixtures thereof; (ii) reacting the active methylene group-containing cyclic ketone obtained in step (i) with a furfural compound in an aldol condensation reaction in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reaction product comprising unsaturated C10-C18 oxygen-containing cyclic organic dimer and/or trimer compounds; (iii) subjecting the C10-C18 oxygen-containing cyclic organic dimer and/or trimer compounds produced in step (ii) to a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst in order to produce saturated C10-C18 oxygen-containing cyclic organic dimer and/or trimer compounds; and (iv) subjecting the saturated C10-C18 oxygen-containing cyclic organic dimer and/or trimer compounds produced in step (iii) to a hydrodeoxygenation step in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon product comprising C10-C18 dialkyl cycloalkanes. The process of the present invention provides increased yields and reduced manufacturing costs. The C10-C18 dialkyl cycloalkanes produced by the process of the present invention can be used as a fuel component in sustainable aviation fuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/247 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by splitting of cyclic ethers
• C07C 13/10 - Monocyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with a five-membered ring with a cyclopentane ring
• C07C 49/395 - Saturated compounds containing a keto group being part of a ring of a five-membered ring
• C07C 45/59 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom in five-membered rings
• C07D 307/46 - Doubly bound oxygen atoms, or two oxygen atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons

Abstract

A process for producing C10-C18 dialkyl cycloalkanes comprising : (i) subjecting a furfural compound, a furfuryl alcohol compound or a mixture of a furfural compound and a furfuryl alcohol compound to a reductive rearrangement reaction in the presence of water, hydrogen and hydrogenation catalyst comprising a supported transition metal to produce a reaction product comprising an active methylene-group containing cyclic ketone selected from cyclopentanone, substituted cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone or substituted cyclohexanone, and mixtures thereof; (ii) reacting the active methylene-group containing cyclic ketone obtained in step (i) with a furfural compound in an aldol condensation reaction in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reaction product comprising unsaturated C10-C18 oxygen-containing cyclic organic dimer and/or trimer compounds; (iii) subjecting the unsaturated C10-C18 oxygen-containing cyclic organic dimer and/or trimer compounds produced in step (ii) to a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst in order to produce saturated C10-C18 oxygen-containing cyclic organic dimer and/or trimer compounds; and (iv) subjecting the saturated C10-C18 oxygen-containing cyclic organic dimer and/or trimer compounds produced in step (iii) to a hydrodeoxygenation step in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon product comprising C10-C18 dialkyl cycloalkanes, wherein the active methylene-group containing cyclic ketone is recovered from the reaction product produced in step (i) by subjecting the reaction product of step (i) to an azeotropic distillation step (ia) to produce a distillate stream comprising a major portion of the active methylene-group containing cyclic ketone and a bottom stream comprising a major portion of water and a minor portion of the active methylene-group containing cyclic ketone, wherein said distillate stream is used as feed in step (ii).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/247 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by splitting of cyclic ethers
• C07C 13/10 - Monocyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with a five-membered ring with a cyclopentane ring
• C07C 45/59 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom in five-membered rings
• C07C 49/395 - Saturated compounds containing a keto group being part of a ring of a five-membered ring
• C07D 307/46 - Doubly bound oxygen atoms, or two oxygen atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

A material for thermal energy storage includes a salt encapsulated in a structural host material. The salt has a solid-liquid phase transition temperature in a range of between 400 °C and 900 °C. The structural host material consists for at least 90 % by mass of a hardened inorganic binder. The material can be made by providing a mixture of salt agglomerates in solid state and dry unreacted inorganic binder capable of reacting with a specified liquid. A paste containing the salt agglomerates is created by mixing in the specified liquid. The paste can be cast in a desired shape, after which the paste is allowed to harden by reacting with the specified fluid. The material can be used for storing thermal energy and heating a process stream with the stored thermal energy.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 5/06 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice-versa

Abstract

222222, CO, and ash particles. The first product stream may be sent to a separator to produce a second product stream comprising ash particles and a gas product stream comprising at least 80% CO.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam

Abstract

2222222 22 fed to the reactor.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10J 3/48 - ApparatusPlants
• C10J 3/58 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
• C10J 3/72 - Other features
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a waste plastics pyrolysis oil feed stream containing hydrocarbons. An oxygen containing stream and a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream are pre-heated outside a autothermal reactor in a burner of the autothermal reactor. Steam is generated in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor. A waste plastics pyrolysis oil feed stream is pre-heated outside the autothermal reactor and then fed into the autothermal reactor. The steam generated in the combustion zone mixes with the pre-heated feed stream in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor. The steam and the pre-heated feed stream are fed into the mixing and cracking zone from substantially opposite directions. The hydrocarbons are pyrolytically cracked to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 47/22 - Non-catalytic cracking in the presence of hydrogen
• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres

Abstract

This invention provides a plug (25) for connecting a charger cable (22) to a charging inlet of an electric vehicle (12, 30). The plug (25) comprises a connector body (100) and a connector housing (120). The connector housing (120) surrounds at least a portion of the connector body (100) and is provided coaxially therewith. The connector housing (120) and the connector body (100) are configured for rotating relative to each other. A connector interface (110) is provided distally from the connector body (100) and configured for being received in a complementary connector interface (110) at the inlet of the electric vehicle (12, 30). An output power contact (101, 102, 103) is provided at an outer surface of the connector body (100) and electrically connected to the connector interface (110). At least two input power contacts (122, 124, 126) are provided at an inner surface of the connector housing (120) and configured for contacting the output power contact (101, 102, 103) depending on a rotational position of the connector housing (120) relative to the connector body (100), each one of the input power contacts (122, 124, 126) being connected to a separate power line (121, 123, 125).

IPC Classes  ?

• B60L 53/18 - Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
• B60L 53/302 - Cooling of charging equipment
• B60L 53/60 - Monitoring or controlling charging stations
• H01R 13/71 - Contact members of coupling parts operating as switch
• H01R 29/00 - Coupling parts for selective co-operation with a counterpart in different ways to establish different circuits, e.g. for voltage selection, for series/parallel selection
• H01R 24/86 - Parallel contacts arranged about a common axis
• H01R 24/00 - Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
• H01H 9/00 - Details of switching devices, not covered by groups
• H01R 13/00 - Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups or
• H01R 35/04 - Turnable line connectors with limited rotation angle

Abstract

A fuel composition comprising: (i) a gasoline base fuel comprising durene at a level of at least 1.5 wt%, by weight of the fuel composition; and (ii) an ionic or non-ionic, oil-soluble polar organic, nitrogen-containing compound which is capable of acting as a wax crystal growth inhibitor in the gasoline base fuel. The fuel composition of the present invention enables an increased level of durene in the fuel composition, while reducing the crystallization issues associated with durene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/10 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/22 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• C10L 1/222 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
• C10L 1/224 - AmidesImides
• C10L 10/16 - Pour-point depressants

Abstract

This invention provides an autonomous charging system (100) for an electric vehicle (300). The charging system (100) comprises a movable platform (116), a robotic arm (112), a sensor system, a charging cable (132) with a charging connector (114), and a controller (119). The platform (116) is configured to move relative to its surroundings, while the robotic arm (112) is supported on the platform (116) for moving therewith. The charging connector (114) is carried by the robotic arm (112) for connection with the charging inlet of the electric vehicle (300). The sensor system is configured to identify and locate a charging inlet of the electric vehicle (300), such that the controller (119) can operate the platform actuator and the robotic arm (112) to connect the charging connector (114) to the charging inlet of the electric vehicle (300), and to subsequently charge the electric vehicle (300). To make this possible, the controller (119) is operatively coupled to the platform actuator, the sensor system, and the robotic arm (112).

IPC Classes  ?

• B60L 53/10 - Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehiclesCharging stations or on-board charging equipment thereforExchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
• B60L 53/14 - Conductive energy transfer
• B60L 53/30 - Constructional details of charging stations
• B60L 53/35 - Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons by pyrolytic cracking of the hydrocarbons in an autothermal reactor. An oxygen containing stream and a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream are pre-heated outside the autothermal reactor. The pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream are fed into a burner of the autothermal reactor. Steam is generated in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor. A feed stream containing hydrocarbons is pre-heated outside the autothermal reactor and then fed into the autothermal reactor. The pre-heated feed stream is mixed with the steam generated in the combustion zone in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor. The steam and the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons are fed into the mixing and cracking zone from substantially opposite directions. The hydrocarbons are pyrolytically cracked the to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 69/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of thermal cracking in the absence of hydrogen

Abstract

This invention provides a plug and socket combination (100, 200) for connecting a charging cable to a charging inlet of an electric vehicle (12, 30). The plug and socket combination (100, 200) comprise ring-shaped male and female couplers (51, 41) arranged around a common longitudinal axis. A first connector (52) and a second connector (42) are provided along the respective longitudinal axes of the plug (25) and the socket (35). At least one of the plug (25) and the socket (35) is rotatable relative to the other one of the plug (25) and the socket (35) and together with its respective connector for aligning the two connectors when the male coupler (51) is received in the female coupler (41). When the connectors are aligned, one or both are moved relative to the couplers and along the common longitudinal axis for establishing a connection between the connectors.

IPC Classes  ?

• B60L 53/16 - Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles

Abstract

A process for producing a liquid hydrocarbon from renewable sources includes combining first and second liquids, where the first liquid is produced by hydrotreating a first renewable source and the second liquid is produced by hydropyrolyzing a second renewable source. The first liquid has a n-paraffin content greater than or equal to 50 wt. %, while the second liquid has an aromatic content greater than or equal to 5 wt. %. The combined liquid has a first n-paraffin content and a first aromatic content before being subjected to a hydrogenation catalyst and conditions sufficient to cause a hydrodearomatization reaction, and a hydroisomerization catalyst and conditions sufficient to cause a hydroisomerization reaction. The resulting liquid hydrocarbon has a second n-paraffin content that is less than the first n-paraffin content and a second aromatic content that is less than the first aromatic content.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 65/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

The invention provides lubricating oil composition comprising a base oil composition and a friction modifier, said base oil composition comprising i. a first base oil selected from Fischer-Tropsch derived Group III base oils; and ii. no more than 25wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a further base oil consisting of a monoester base oil, wherein the friction modifier is present in an amount in the range of from 0.25 to 2.5wt% based on the overall weight of the lubricating oil composition and is selected from a glycerol mono ester and a mono ester amine salt of formula (I) wherein R is selected from a saturated or unsaturated C4 to C22 hydrocarbon group, R1 is selected from a saturated or unsaturated C1 to C24 hydrocarbon group and n is an integer in the range of from 1 to 4, and wherein the lubricating oil composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100˚C in the range of from 1.5 to 4.0 mm2/s, a flash point, measured by the open cup method, of at least 160˚C and an aniline point of at least 80˚C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10N 10/12 - Groups 6 or 16
• C10N 20/02 - ViscosityViscosity index
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-pointViscosity index
• C10N 30/06 - OilinessFilm-strengthAnti-wearResistance to extreme pressure
• C10N 30/10 - Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 40/04 - Oil-bathGear-boxesAutomatic transmissionsTraction drives
• C10N 40/14 - Electric or magnetic purposes

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons by pyrolytic cracking of the hydrocarbons in an autothermal reactor, said process comprising: pre-heating an oxygen containing stream, a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream and a temperature moderator containing stream outside the autothermal reactor, wherein the temperature moderator containing stream is pre-heated to a temperature in the range of from about 600 ° C to about 1, 200 ° C; feeding the pre-heated oxygen containing stream, the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream and the pre-heated temperature moderator containing stream into a burner of the autothermal reactor; generating steam in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor; pre-heating a feed stream containing hydrocarbons out side the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the autothermal reactor; mixing the steam generated in the combustion zone with the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor, by feeding the steam and the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the mixing and cracking zone f rom substantially opposite directions, and pyrolytically cracking the hydrocarbons to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 9/24 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by heating with electrical means
• C07C 4/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours

Abstract

A downhole tool, with an elongate tool housing that extends around a central longitudinal tool axis, houses a sting, a press device, and a bending arm. The sting is movable in a radially outward direction. The press device acts on the sting, to force the sting in the radially outward direction upon relative movement of the press device, in longitudinal direction, with respect to the sting whereby the sting may extend outside the tool housing. The sting is mounted on a distal end of the bending arm. At its proximal end the bending arm is longitudinally secured stationary relative to the tool housing. The sting and the distal end of the bending arm are movable in unison in a longitudinal-radial plane from the central longitudinal tool axis. The downhole tool can be used to perforate a wall of a downhole tubular arranged within a borehole in the Earth.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/112 - Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means

Abstract

A method of making a selective hydrogenation catalyst includes forming a mixed phase alumina support having a BET surface area in the range of between approximately 30 to approximately 60 square meters/gram (m2/g). The mixed phase alumina support includes alpha alumina and theta alumina. The method also includes impregnating the mixed phase alumina support with an impregnation solution having one or more metals selected from Group VIIIB, Group IB, or both of the Periodic Table of Elements to form an impregnated support, drying the impregnated support at a temperature in the range of between approximately 100 degrees Celsius (°C) and 150 °C to form a dried impregnated support, calcining the dried impregnated support at a temperature range of between 350 °C and approximately 500 °C to form a calcined impregnated support, and reducing the one or more metals on the calcined impregnated support at a temperature in the range of between approximately 400 °C and approximately 600 °C in the presence of hydrogen to form the selective hydrogenation catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 23/38 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of noble metals
• B01J 23/40 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of noble metals of the platinum group metals
• B01J 23/44 - Palladium
• B01J 23/48 - Silver or gold
• B01J 23/50 - Silver
• B01J 35/30 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
• B01J 35/45 - Nanoparticles
• B01J 35/61 - Surface area
• B01J 35/70 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their crystalline properties, e.g. semi-crystalline
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 37/18 - Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
• C07C 7/167 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound by hydrogenation for removal of compounds containing a triple carbon-to-carbon bond
• C10G 45/40 - Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
• C10G 70/02 - Working-up undefined normally gaseous mixtures obtained by processes covered by groups , , , , by hydrogenation

Abstract

An ebullating bed catalyst used for converting a heavy hydrocarbon and controlling sediment yield at a minimum level, the catalyst includes an extrudate having a comulled mixture of an inorganic oxide, at least one metal from Group VIB of the Periodic Table of Elements, and at least one metal from Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements. The at least one metal from Group VIB is present in an amount greater than 7.5 wt.%, and the catalyst has a pore structure such that 8 vol.% to 18 vol.% of the total pore volume is present in pores of a diameter greater than 5,000, and 63 vol.% to 80 vol.% of the total pore volume is present in pores of a diameter less than 250.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/85 - Chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten
• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 35/63 - Pore volume
• B01J 35/64 - Pore diameter
• B01J 35/66 - Pore distribution
• B01J 35/69 - Pore distribution bimodal
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalystsProcesses, in general, for activation of catalysts
• C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
• C10G 45/16 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
• C10G 49/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries

Abstract

This invention provides processes and systems for the regeneration of a supported sorbent material for use indirect air capture of carbon dioxide from air. The process comprises the steps of introducing a stream of regenerating gas or vapour to the supported sorbent in a first direction thereby defining an axis of flow; and collecting the stream of regenerating gas or vapour and recycling it through the supported sorbent at least one or even multiple further times, wherein the supported sorbent comprises an amount of adsorbed carbon dioxide that is released upon exposure to the stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/34 - Regenerating or reactivating
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

xx emissions, while meeting the requirements of flexible fuel specifications, such as US California CCR § 2292.4.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for converting plastics waste into pyrolysis oil for feeding to a steam cracker including the steps of: pre-washing a stream of comminuted waste plastics in a washing liquid comprising washing water and caustic solution; separating the pre-washed comminuted waste plastics to provide a stream of polyolefin-enriched washed comminuted plastics waste; thermally cracking the stream of polyolefin-enriched washed comminuted plastics waste to produce a vaporised hydrocarbon stream; condensing the vaporised hydrocarbon stream into a liquid hydrocarbon stream and gaseous hydrocarbon stream; washing the liquid hydrocarbon stream with caustic solution; separating the liquid hydrocarbon stream from the caustic solution to produce a stream of caustic-washed liquid hydrocarbon and a stream of spent caustic solution; and rinsing the caustic-washed liquid hydrocarbon stream with water; separating the rinsed liquid hydrocarbon stream from the rinsing water to produce a stream of pyrolysis oil and a stream of spent water.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step
• B01D 3/34 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
• B01D 11/04 - Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
• B09B 3/35 - Shredding, crushing or cutting
• B09B 3/40 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
• B09B 3/80 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
• B09B 101/75 - Plastic waste
• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• C10B 57/10 - Drying
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours

Abstract

A downhole tool (1) is provided for plugging a hole in a wall of a downhole tubular (11). The tool has a tool housing (3) and a sting (7) arranged within the tool housing. The sting is moved in radially outward direction from the tool from a retracted position to an expanded position. A distal end of the sting plugs the hole in the wall of the downhole tubular. A spring blade (5) is arranged on the tool housing and in a trajectory of the sting. The sting (7) can extend from the tool housing through the spring blade (5), when the sting is in expanded position, whereby the distal end of the sting is exposed at the outward facing side of the spring blade. The spring blade is configured to be pressed elastically towards the tool housing by the wall of the downhole tubular pushing against an outward facing surface of the spring blade.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
• E21B 29/00 - Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windowsDeforming of pipes in boreholes or wellsReconditioning of well casings while in the ground

Abstract

A system including a vessel having a wall defining a volume. The vessel may contain media. The system also includes a wireless sensing system having a plurality of sensor nodes dispersed within the media and that may measure one or more parameters or conditions within the vessel and to wirelessly transmit a first data signal containing the one or more parameters/conditions, and one or more through-wall communications systems attached to the wall of the vessel and that may wirelessly communicate with the plurality of sensor nodes, to transmit a first communication signal, a first power signal, or both through the wall of the vessel, to receive the first data signal, and to transmit a second data signal through the wall of the vessel, and a control system communicatively coupled to the wireless sensing system and that may determine and profile the one or more parameters/conditions based on the second data signal.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01D 21/02 - Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• G01N 29/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
• H04Q 9/00 - Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom

Abstract

This invention provides direct air capture (DAC) systems and processes for operating such systems that can operate continuously to remove carbon dioxide from an atmosphere under power from a wide range of intermittent renewable energy sources, and which is supplemented with recycled or excess energy derived from a parallel industrial process.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography

Abstract

A process for the preparation of an alkylene glycol from an alkene comprising steps of: a) supplying a gas composition to an alkylene oxide absorber through a gas inlet, the absorber comprising an absorption section and a sump, and allowing the gas composition to pass upwards; b) supplying a lean absorbent to the top of the absorption section and allowing the lean absorbent to pass downwards; c) intimately contacting the gas composition with lean absorbent in the absorption section in the presence of one or more catalysts that promote carboxylation and hydrolysis; and d) withdrawing fat absorbent from the absorption section and passing the fat absorbent and any liquid condensate through the sump, wherein the sump comprises one or more baffles that define a flow pathway from a sump inlet to a sump outlet between the one or more baffles.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/10 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of ethers, including cyclic ethers, e.g. oxiranes
• B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
• B01D 3/20 - Bubble capsRisers for vapourDischarge pipes for liquid
• B01D 3/32 - Other features of fractionating columns

Abstract

A method for producing syngas is provided, which comprises providing a feed stream comprising H2 and CO2; heating the feed stream in a first heat exchanger to provide a first heated feed stream, which is introduced into a first RWGS reactor and subjected to a first catalytic RWGS reaction in the presence of a non-methanation promoting catalyst, thereby obtaining a first syngas containing stream, which is cooled in the first heat exchanger against the feed stream, thereby obtaining a first cooled syngas stream, which is separated in a first gas/liquid separator thereby obtaining a first water-enriched stream and a first water-depleted syngas stream; heating the first water-depleted syngas stream in a second heat exchanger thereby obtaining a heated first water-depleted syngas stream, which is introduced into a second RWGS reactor and subjected to a second catalytic RWGS reaction in the presence of a non-methanation promoting catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts

Abstract

This invention provides a system for the inline treatment of a lubricant fluid used in the lubrication of a device, said system compri sing : a first f low path from the device; a first sensor disposed within the first flow path; a lubricant treatment system comprising one or more filters, a dewatering system and an additive dosing system; a return flow path from the lubricant treatment system to the device; and a second sensor di sposed within the return flow path, said first and second sensors and lubricant treatment system communicating with a means for proces sing data f rom the sensors and providing instructions to the treatment system, allowing a s ses sment of the condition of the lubricant fluid and treatment of the lubricant fluid in the lubricant treatment system, wherein the lubricant f luid is circulated through the device and the system.

IPC Classes  ?

• F01M 1/10 - Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant venting or purifying means, e.g. of filters
• F01M 5/00 - Heating, cooling, or controlling temperature of lubricantLubrication means facilitating engine starting

Abstract

222-containing gas, preferably with a flux of at least 0.01 g/h/t (gram per hour per ton (1000 kg) ) carbonates in the RWGS reactor (2).

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts

Abstract

Bottom hole pressure (BHP) actuals and bottom hole temperature (BHT) actuals in a hydrocarbon production well are recorded as a function of time, during production of hydrocarbon fluids. Selective statistical measures of both the BHP actuals and the BHT actuals are determined as a function of time. These selective statistical measures suitably represent estimates of expected normal BHP actuals and BHT actuals in case there is no imminent sand failure, supplemented with an uncertainty measure of the estimates of expected normal BHP and BHT. The BHP actuals and the BHT actuals are compared with respective BHP and BHT anomaly thresholds based on the selective statistical measures. An anomaly alert is automatically issued upon meeting a condition wherein both the BHP actuals and the BHT actuals exceed their respective anomaly threshold. The anomaly alert is an indication of a predicted imminent sand failure of the hydrocarbon production well in operation.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/02 - Subsoil filtering
• E21B 47/07 - Temperature

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for treatment of a polyether alcohol, comprising : providing a polyether alcohol prepared using a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst; contacting the polyether alcohol with an adsorbent, the adsorbent having a volume-average particle size greater than 20 pm, in an adsorbent bed comprising a powder of the adsorbent, wherein at lea st part of the polyether alcohol is not contacted with the adsorbent before the polyether alcohol contacts the adsorbent in the adsorbent bed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds

Abstract

A method for operating regeneration cycles of a sorbent housing array. The method comprises: starting a regeneration cycle for a first group of sorbent housing apparatus(es) in the array at time TS1, starting a regeneration cycle for a second group of sorbent housing apparatus(es) in the array at time TS2, starting a regeneration cycle for applicable remaining groups of sorbent housing apparatuses in the array, wherein each group has its own respective start time (TSi) at which the respective regeneration cycle is started, where the start time, TSi, for each of the groups in the array is not the same as one another. The method further comprises sequentially performing regeneration of the sorbent in the respective sorbent housing modules of the sorbent housing apparatus(es) in each group to complete the respective regeneration cycle. Performing the regenerating cycle generates a desorbed stream from each respective sorbent housing apparatus. The method further comprises providing the desorbed streams from all sorbent housing apparatuses of the array to a processing equipment.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method of sequestering carbon dioxide which comprises the steps of capturing carbon dioxide from an industrial gaseous waste stream and/or the atmosphere, converting a CO2 from the CO2 gas stream into a (COOH)2 and combining the (COOH)2, a mono-alcohol (X-OH), preferably CH3CH2OH, and a first acid catalyst comprising a H2SO4 at a temperature ranging from about 80° C. to about 100° C. and under atmospheric pressure to produce an ester comprising a (COOX)2 and preferably (COOEt)2; and the ester obtained is reacted with a polyol, preferably glycerine to form a polyester, preferably the polyester is a hydrogel. The present disclosure further relates to the use of a hydrogel which is obtainable by said method.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05G 3/80 - Soil conditioners
• A01G 18/20 - Culture media, e.g. compost
• A01G 24/40 - Growth substratesCulture mediaApparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
• B01J 20/26 - Synthetic macromolecular compounds
• B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
• C05G 5/18 - Semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. foams or gels
• C08G 63/20 - Polyesters having been prepared in the presence of compounds having one reactive group or more than two reactive groups
• C09K 17/16 - Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as platelets or granules
• C09K 17/18 - PrepolymersMacromolecular compounds

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a polyether polyol comprising: continuously feeding into a reactor which contains a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst and (i) a poly(oxyalkylene) polyol or (ii) a polyether polyol obtainable by the process according to the invention: (a) ethylene oxide, (b) a substituted alkylene oxide corresponding to Formula (I) The invention relates to a process for preparing a polyether polyol comprising: continuously feeding into a reactor which contains a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst and (i) a poly(oxyalkylene) polyol or (ii) a polyether polyol obtainable by the process according to the invention: (a) ethylene oxide, (b) a substituted alkylene oxide corresponding to Formula (I) The invention relates to a process for preparing a polyether polyol comprising: continuously feeding into a reactor which contains a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst and (i) a poly(oxyalkylene) polyol or (ii) a polyether polyol obtainable by the process according to the invention: (a) ethylene oxide, (b) a substituted alkylene oxide corresponding to Formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently of each other represent hydrogen, a C1-C12-alkyl group and/or a phenyl group, provided that: (I) at least one of the radicals R1 to R4 does not represent hydrogen and (II) one or more methylene groups in any C1-C12-alkyl radical may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, (c) optionally a starter compound having a hydroxyl functionality of from 1 to 8, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of ethylene oxide fed to the total amount of the substituted alkylene oxide fed is of from 50:50 to 95:5, and wherein the ethylene oxide concentration is below 13,000 parts per million by weight (ppmw) per minute during continuously feeding ethylene oxide, wherein the ethylene oxide concentration is defined as the weight of ethylene oxide in the reactor based on the total weight of the reactor contents. Further, the invention relates to a process for preparing a polyurethane foam comprising reacting a polyether polyol and a polyisocyanate in the presence of a blowing agent, wherein the polyether polyol is a polyether polyol obtained by the above-mentioned process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
• C08G 18/24 - Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 18/76 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic

Abstract

Fuel composition comprising: (i) a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; and (ii) a blend of a first monoalkyl alkenyl succinate and a second monoalkyl alkenyl succinate wherein the first monoalkyl alkenyl succinate and the second monoalkyl alkenyl succinate each have the formula (I) or (II) below, or are an isomeric mixture of formula (I) and (II) below: where R is a linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and R1 is a linear or branched C1 to C8 alkyl group; and wherein the first monoalkyl alkenyl succinate is different from the second monoalkyl alkenyl succinate. The fuel compositions of the present invention have been found to provide a synergistic reduction in engine wear. Fuel composition comprising: (i) a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; and (ii) a blend of a first monoalkyl alkenyl succinate and a second monoalkyl alkenyl succinate wherein the first monoalkyl alkenyl succinate and the second monoalkyl alkenyl succinate each have the formula (I) or (II) below, or are an isomeric mixture of formula (I) and (II) below: where R is a linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and R1 is a linear or branched C1 to C8 alkyl group; and wherein the first monoalkyl alkenyl succinate is different from the second monoalkyl alkenyl succinate. The fuel compositions of the present invention have been found to provide a synergistic reduction in engine wear.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/19 - Esters
• C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricityUse of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for preparing olefins, the method at least comprising the steps of: a) providing a hydrogen- and acetylene-containing stream (10); b) subjecting the hydrogen- and acetylene-containing stream (10) provided in step a) to hydrogenation of acetylene in the gas phase in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, thereby obtaining an ethylene- enriched stream (20); c) combining a part (30) of the ethylene-enriched stream (20) obtained in step b) with the hydrogen- and acetylene-containing stream (10) provided in step a) thereby obtaining a combined stream (15); and d) subjecting the combined stream (15) obtained in step c) to the hydrogenation in step b).

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 70/02 - Working-up undefined normally gaseous mixtures obtained by processes covered by groups , , , , by hydrogenation
• C07C 5/09 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon triple bonds to carbon-to-carbon double bonds
• C07C 2/80 - Processes with the aid of electrical means
• C07C 11/24 - Acetylene
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• C07C 7/167 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound by hydrogenation for removal of compounds containing a triple carbon-to-carbon bond
• C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives
• C07C 11/06 - Propene
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 9/04 - Methane

Abstract

This invention relates to a containment system for storing liquid hydrogen (3), comprising one or more walls forming a containment space (2). At least one of the one or more walls comprises an inner barrier layer (11), an outer barrier layer (12) and one or more spacer elements (14) disposed between the inner barrier layer (11) and the outer barrier layer (12) to separate the first and second barrier layers (11, 12), thereby creating space for a vacuum layer (13) in between the inner and outer barrier layers (11, 12). The outer barrier layer (12) is made of cryogenic ice having a temperature of below minus 150° C.

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 1/12 - Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation

Abstract

A process for improving yield of kerosene from a renewable feedstock involves directing a hydroprocessed liquid stream to a lead stripper to separate a lead stripper bottoms stream and a lead stripper overhead stream comprising naphtha, lower and higher boiling point range hydrocarbons and water. Bulk water is removed from the lead stripper overhead stream resulting in an unstabilized hydrocarbon stream, which is passed to a stabilization column to separate a stabilized naphtha-containing stream from the lower boiling point range hydrocarbons. The stabilized naphtha-containing stream is passed to a rectification column to separate a rectification bottoms stream and a naphtha product stream. Kerosene and diesel boiling range product streams are separated from the lead stripper bottoms stream in a vacuum fractionator.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 49/22 - Separation of effluents

Abstract

A process for the preparation of a catalyst composition, which process comprises: forming a carrier from a mixture comprising a pentasil zeolite, one or more porous refractory oxide binders selected from alumina, amorphous silica-alumina, aluminum phosphate, magnesia, chromia, titania, boria and silica, and an aqueous solution of a zirconia precursor, and impregnating said carrier with metal dopants comprising one or more Group 10 metals selected from platinum, palladium and mixtures thereof in a total amount in the range of from 0.001 to 1 wt. % and, optionally, in the range of from 0.01 to 0.5 wt. % tin, based on the total weight of the catalyst composition; a catalyst composition prepared by said process; and a process for the use of said catalyst composition in xylene isomerisation are provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 29/44 - Noble metals
• B01J 6/00 - CalciningFusing
• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalystsProcesses, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• C07C 5/27 - Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for preparing olefins, the method at least comprising the steps of: a) providing a hydrocarbon-containing stream (10); b) subjecting the hydrocarbon-containing stream (10) provided in step a) to steam cracking, thereby obtaining a first stream (20) comprising at least methane and olefins; c) separating the first stream (20) obtained in step b) in a first separator section (3) thereby obtaining at least an olef in-enriched stream (30) and a gaseous methane-rich stream (40); d) subjecting the gaseous methane-rich stream (40) obtained in step c) to non-catalytic pyrolysis thereby obtaining at least a hydrogen- and acetylene-containing stream ( 50 ); e) subjecting at least a part of the hydrogen- and acetylene-containing stream (50) obtained in step d) to hydrogenation of acetylene in the gas phase in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst at a temperature of at least 200°C, thereby obtaining an ethylene-enriched stream (70) and heat; and f) passing the ethylene-enriched stream obtained (70) in step e) to the first separator section (3) for separation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 70/02 - Working-up undefined normally gaseous mixtures obtained by processes covered by groups , , , , by hydrogenation
• C10G 9/24 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by heating with electrical means
• C07C 5/09 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon triple bonds to carbon-to-carbon double bonds
• C01B 3/24 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
• C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives
• C07C 2/80 - Processes with the aid of electrical means
• C07C 9/04 - Methane
• C07C 11/24 - Acetylene
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• C07C 11/06 - Propene
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms

Abstract

A method for blending two liquified hydrocarbon streams. The method comprises pumping a stream of a first liquified hydrocarbon to a first blending point; pumping a stream of a second liquified hydrocarbon to the first blending point; combining the first and second liquified hydrocarbon streams at the blending point in a volumetric ratio of the first to the second liquified hydrocarbon stream in a range from 1:500, preferably 1:100, and up to 500:1 to provide a combined stream. The combined stream is provided from the first blending point to a blended-product storage container via the combined conduits, under an operating pressure that is higher than the saturation pressure of the combined stream, at least while the combined stream travels from the first blending point to the final valve immediately upstream of an inlet of the blended-product storage container.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 3/08 - Production of synthetic natural gas
• C10L 3/12 - Liquefied petroleum gas

Abstract

A method for blending two liquified hydrocarbon streams, particularly from two vessels. The method comprises pumping a stream of a first liquified hydrocarbon to a first blending point; pumping a stream of a second liquified hydrocarbon to the first blending point; combining the first and second liquified hydrocarbon streams at the blending point in a volumetric ratio of the first to the second liquified hydrocarbon stream in a range from 1 : 500, preferably 1 : 100, and up to 500: 1 to provide a combined stream. The combined stream is provided from the first blending point back to an inlet of the source of the first liquified hydrocarbon via the combined conduits, under an operating pressure that is higher than the saturation pressure of the combined stream, at least while the combined stream travels from the first blending point to a final valve immediately upstream of the inlet of the source of the first liquified hydrocarbon.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 3/08 - Production of synthetic natural gas
• C10L 3/12 - Liquefied petroleum gas

Abstract

A method for blending two liquified hydrocarbon streams. The method comprises pumping a stream of a first liquified hydrocarbon to a first blending point; pumping a stream of a second liquified hydrocarbon to the first blending point; combining the first and second liquified hydrocarbon streams at the blending point in a volumetric ratio of the first to the second liquified hydrocarbon stream in a range from 1 :500, preferably 1 : 100, and up to 500: 1 to provide a combined stream. The combined stream is provided from the first blending point to a send out system via the combined conduits, under an operating pressure that is higher than the saturation pressure of the combined stream, at least while the combined stream travels from the first blending point to the final valve immediately upstream of an inlet of the send out system.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 3/08 - Production of synthetic natural gas
• C10L 3/12 - Liquefied petroleum gas

Abstract

This invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising at least 80wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating oil composition, of base oil, wherein the base oil is selected from Group II, Group III and Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils and mixtures thereof, one or more additives, other than citric acid, selected from the group consisting of anti-wear additives, rust and corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, anti-oxidants, and one or more of citric acid and a derivative thereof. This invention also provides use of an additive selected from one or more of citric acid and its derivatives in a lubricating oil composition comprising at least 80wt% based on the overall weight of the lubricating oil composition of base oil, wherein the base oil is selected from Group II, Group III and Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils and mixtures thereof and one or more additives, other than citric acid, selected from the group consisting of anti-wear additives, rust and corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, anti-oxidants, in order to improve the air release properties of said lubricating oil composition as measured by ASTM D3427.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
• C10N 30/18 - Anti-foaming property
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 40/08 - Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Abstract

A process for hydroprocessing a renewable feedstock in a fixed-bed reactor system having at least one catalytic bed involves directing a downward flow of the renewable feedstock to a filtering zone having top-open interstitial portions to receive the downward flow and top-covered annular portions that are in fluid communication with a headspace between the filtering zone and a catalytic zone. The feedstock flows from the interstitial portions to the annular portions through a filtering material disposed between the interstitial portions and the annular portions, resulting in a filtered feedstock, which then flows to the catalytic zone. In the catalytic zone, filtered feedstock is reacted under hydroprocessing conditions sufficient to cause a reaction selected from the group consisting of hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodesulphurization, hydrodemetalation, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, and combinations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 49/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or
• B01D 29/17 - Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration open-ended
• B01D 39/20 - Other self-supporting filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper or metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds

Abstract

The invention relates to pre-treating an oil derived from a renewable feedstock to remove at least a portion of one or more contaminants by filtering the oil with a nanofiltration membrane. The resulting permeate oil has a reduced concentration of the contaminant relative to the feed stream to the nanofiltration membrane.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 61/02 - Reverse osmosisHyperfiltration
• B01D 65/02 - Membrane cleaning or sterilisation
• B01D 69/10 - Supported membranesMembrane supports
• B01D 71/02 - Inorganic material
• B01D 71/76 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups

Abstract

A system and method for the automatic and continuous high-speed measurement of color and geometry characteristics of solid shaped particles. The system includes a shaped particle feeder that sorts and aligns singularized particles and feeds them onto a means for moving the singularized shaped particles to a color inspection station and a shape inspection station. The color inspection station provides for measuring the color of each singularized shaped particle and the shape inspection station provides for measuring the geometry characteristics of each singularized shaped particle. This information is analyzed by a master computer with the statistical information displayed.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 21/84 - Systems specially adapted for particular applications
• G01B 11/24 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
• G01N 21/25 - ColourSpectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands

Abstract

A mineral insulated cable which includes a core comprising of a resistive tube having a bore surrounded by a cylindrical wall, and a semi-conducting filler packed in the bore. The cylindrical wall is surrounded by an electrically insulating layer which includes a mineral material. The cylindrical wall is made of a metal material having a resistivity of at least 0.05 μΩ∙m at 20°C. The semi-conducting filler is in electrical contact with said wall along a substantial length of the resistive tube. The semi-conducting filler has an electric bandgap that is smaller than an electric bandgap of the mineral material of the electrically insulating layer. A current may be passed through the core at high voltage, to generate up to 15kW per meter of cable in heat.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
• F24S 10/10 - Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids forming pools or ponds
• F24S 20/40 - Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
• F24S 60/30 - Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
• H05B 3/56 - Heating cables

Abstract

A regenerating unit comprising: a pair of opposing doors, at least one door comprises (i) an inlet to provide a regenerating fluid to the sorbent housing module, the inlet being located near a top portion of the respective door and/or an outlet near a bottom portion of the respective door. In a closed position, the doors contact a seal assembly of respective face of the sorbent housing module. The contact is configured to provide one or more isolated zones between an end of the sorbent structure and the respective door. In the closed position, the regenerating unit comprises a regenerating-fluid-flow-path that traverses from a first isolated zone of the inlet door to a first isolated zone of the opposing door and downward and subsequently back to a second isolated zone of the inlet door before reaching the outlet.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

A system comprising: a sorbent housing module comprising: two side segments, and top and bottom segments, all of which define an opening to contain a sorbent. The opening comprises first and second seal assemblies. The system further comprises a regenerating unit comprising: two opposing doors, each facing a respective face opening. One door comprises an inlet for regenerating fluid, located near the top of the door. One door comprises an outlet near the bottom of the door. In a closed position, the doors contact the respective seal assembly to provide (i) at least one isolated zone between an end of the sorbent structure and the respective door, and (ii) a regenerating-fluid-flow-path that traverses from a first isolated zone of the inlet door to a first isolated zone of the opposing door and downward and subsequently back to a second isolated zone of the inlet door before reaching the outlet.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion

Abstract

A mineral insulated cable includes an elongate core comprising a conducting ceramic-based material having a negative temperature coefficient. The elongate core is arranged on a central axis of the mineral insulated cable, and surrounded by an electrically insulating layer which comprises a mineral material. The conducting ceramic-based material is conductive relative to the electrically insulating layer. A metallic outer sheath concentrically envelopes around the electrically insulating layer. A current may be passed through the elongate core at high voltage, to generate up to 15kW per meter of cable in heat.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05B 3/56 - Heating cables
• H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
• F24S 10/10 - Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids forming pools or ponds
• F24S 20/40 - Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
• F24S 60/30 - Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids

Abstract

A sorbent housing module comprising two side segments, a top segment, and a bottom segment; an opening comprising two opposing faces, the opening being defined at least by the two side segments and the top and bottom segments. One face opening comprises a first seal assembly providing at least two zones being isolatable to each other. The other face opening comprises a second seal assembly providing at least one isolatable zone. Both seal assemblies comprise a plurality of seal elements that extend laterally across the opening, from one side segment to another side segment. At least one of the top segment and the bottom segment comprises a sliding mount component to enable the sorbent housing module to be moved along a track (202). The opening being configured to hold one or more sorbent structure(s) during adsorption and desorption of a selected gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

The present invention provides a biodegradable grease composition, comprising a base oil, a thickener, and an inorganic powder, wherein the base oil comprises a polyol ester oil and the thickener comprises a calcium complex soap.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential

Abstract

1212122 has an equivalent weight of from 10 to 300 g/mol; no alkylene oxide is added between steps a) and b), and the continuous addition of alkylene oxide in step b) is not interrupted before the total weight of alkylene oxide needed to prepare polyether alcohol P has been added.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08J 9/04 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent

Abstract

12122; wherein no alkylene oxide is added between steps a) and b), and the continuous addition of alkylene oxide in step b) is not interrupted before the total weight of alkylene oxide needed to prepare polyether alcohol P has been added; step c) is stopped before step b) is stopped and step c) is stopped once less than 80% of the total weight of alkylene oxide needed to prepare polyether alcohol P has been added in step b).

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08J 9/04 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent

Abstract

Syngas is produced from hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. A steam methane reformer is configured to receive a hydrocarbon containing stream and steam, and to produce a first intermediate syngas stream from the hydrocarbon containing stream and the steam. At least a fraction of the hydrogen produced in the steam methane reformer is removed from the first intermediate syngas stream, and fed to a reverse water gas shift reactor in which carbon dioxide is reverse shifted to CO. The resulting CO-containing effluent stream is combined with a second intermediate syngas stream, which is a residue stream from the first intermediate syngas stream from which the fraction of hydrogen has been removed. Unconverted hydrogen which is discharged from the reverse water gas shift reactor, can be reintroduced in the second intermediate syngas stream together with the CO. The combined stream is a final syngas stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

A process for the removal of contaminant from a contaminated liquid waste plastics oil, said process comprising: (i) contacting the contaminated liquid waste plastics oil having an initial contaminant content with a washing stream having a pH of greater than, the washing stream comprising a washing solvent, a phase transfer catalyst, and optionally a reducing agent; (ii) mixing the contaminated liquid waste plastics oil with the washing stream to produce a reaction mixture; (iii) settling the reaction mixture into at least a hydrocarbon phase having a final contaminant content that is less than the initial contaminant content, and an aqueous phase containing at least one reaction product of the contaminant and the washing stream, and (iv) separating the hydrocarbon phase from the aqueous phase.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 11/00 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
• C10G 19/02 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step
• C10G 55/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one catalytic cracking step
• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• C10G 53/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one alkaline-treatment step
• C10G 21/12 - Organic compounds only

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons by pyrolytic cracking of the hydrocarbons in a cracker furnace, said process comprising: pre-heating the feed stream outside the cracker furnace; feeding the pre-heated feed stream to a tube in the convection section of the cracker furnace; further pre-heating the feed stream in the convection section; feeding the further pre-heated feed stream to a tube in the radiant section of the cracker furnace; pre-heating an oxygen containing stream; contacting the pre-heated oxygen containing stream with a fuel gas in a burner in the radiant section; and pyrolytic cracking the feed stream in the radiant section resulting in an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 9/40 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by indirect contact with preheated fluid other than hot combustion gases

Abstract

A heat integration process across two or more industrial processes including a first process in which a hydrocarbon feed is contacted with a regenerated catalyst, passing the hydrocarbon feed and the catalyst admixed therewith through the reactor, thereby converting the hydrocarbon feed and deactivating the catalyst by deposition of carbonaceous deposits thereon, separating the deactivated catalyst from the converted hydrocarbon feed, passing the deactivated catalyst to a regenerator vessel wherein deposits are removed from the deactivated catalyst under exothermic process conditions by means of a regenerating medium, thereby regenerating and heating the catalyst, and passing the regenerated hot catalyst to the upstream section of the reactor, wherein a chemical feedstock for a second process is passed through a heat exchange system in direct contact with the regenerator vessel in order to provide heat to said chemical feedstock and second process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C07C 5/32 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen

Abstract

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a method for operating a direct air capture (DAC) process. The method may include an array comprising a plurality of DAC units, each unit may include at least one side inlet face and an outlet. The array may have a shape that is not a single line formation and may have upwind and downwind sides dependent on a direction of a wind stream in the surrounding atmosphere. An air feed stream may be received at the inlet faces and may have an average CO2 concentration of at least 300 ppmv for all atmospheric conditions. A CO2 depleted outlet stream may be provided at the outlets and may have a flow generated by a device. Multiple recirculation zones may be generated by a subset of DAC units, and each zone may have an inner and outer sections, and a recirculation flow.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

Methods and systems for steam production are provided. Methods include providing feedwater having an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS/cm to an electrode boiler, and converting the feedwater to saturated steam by the electrode boiler. The saturated steam is provided as a first fluid to a heat exchange component. Water having an electrical conductivity of more than 200 μS/cm is provided to the heat exchange component as a second fluid, where the second fluid is heated through indirect thermal transfer with the saturated steam to generate wet steam. The saturated steam is at least partially condensed in the heat exchange component through the indirect thermal transfer with the second fluid. At least a portion of the thus obtained condensed fluid is fed back to the electrode boiler for use as part of the low-conductivity water to generate said saturated steam.

IPC Classes  ?

• F22B 1/12 - Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being steam produced by an indirect cyclic process
• E21B 43/24 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
• F22B 1/30 - Electrode boilers

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing syngas using a catalytic reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, the method at least comprising the steps of: a) providing a feed stream (10) comprising at least hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2); b) heating the feed stream (10) provided in step a) in a first heat exchanger (3) thereby obtaining a first heated feed stream (20); c) introducing the first heated feed stream (20) into a RWGS reactor (2) and subjecting it to a catalytic RWGS reaction, thereby obtaining a syngas containing stream (30); d) cooling the syngas containing stream (30) obtained in step c) in the first heat exchanger (3) against the feed stream (10) provided in step a), thereby obtaining a first cooled syngas stream (40); c) cooling the first cooled syngas stream (40) obtained in step d) in a second heat exchanger (5) thereby obtaining a second cooled syngas stream (50); f) separating the second cooled syngas stream (50) obtained in step e) in a gas/liquid separator (6) thereby obtaining a water-enriched stream (110) and a water-depleted syngas stream (100); g) separating the water-depleted syngas stream (100) obtained in step f) in a CO2 removal unit (8) thereby obtaining a CO2-enriched stream (120) and a CO2-depleted syngas stream (130): and—31−h) combining the CO2-enriched stream (120) obtained in step g) with the feed stream (10) provided in step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• C01B 3/52 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquidsRegeneration of used liquids

Abstract

A feed nozzle assembly for co-currently introducing vapor and liquid into a reactor vessel which feed nozzle assembly includes: (a) an annular enclosure surrounding an annular feed conduit, (b) an atomizing vapor conduit surrounded by the annular feed conduit, wherein the annular feed conduit comprises a first portion comprising a first outlet and a second portion comprising a second outlet opposite the first outlet, the first outlet fluidly connecting the first portion and the second portion. The second outlet of the annular feed conduit traverses the annular enclosure. The atomizing vapor conduit has an outlet end comprising one or more openings disposed upstream of the first outlet of the annular feed conduit. In some embodiments, the annular enclosure includes an insulating material having a thermal conductivity ranging from about 0.00173 to about 1.73 watt/(m-°K).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles

Abstract

A feed nozzle assembly for co-currently introducing vapor and liquid into a reactor vessel which feed nozzle assembly includes: (a) an annular enclosure surrounding an annular feed conduit, (b) an atomizing vapor conduit surrounded by the annular feed conduit. The annular feed conduit includes a first portion having a first outlet and a second portion having a second outlet opposite the first outlet. The first outlet fluidly connects the first portion and the second portion. The second portion is lined with a non-metallic conduit. The second outlet of the annular feed conduit traverses the annular enclosure. The atomizing vapor conduit has an outlet end having one or more openings disposed upstream of the first outlet of the annular feed conduit.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• B01J 19/02 - Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
• B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
• B01J 6/00 - CalciningFusing

Abstract

2333). The channel walls further comprise a metal-containing support in an amount in a range from 40 wt% and up to 95 wt%. The metal-containing support is selected from the group consisting of a metal alloy, metal oxide, metal-non-metal alloy, ceramic, and any combination thereof. The metal-containing support comprises a total accessible porosity (ε) in a range from 0.4–0.8.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
• B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxideSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
• B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 20/32 - Impregnating or coating
• B01J 20/34 - Regenerating or reactivating
• C04B 35/00 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products

Abstract

A sorbent structure comprising: a first end and a second end; a plurality of flow channels; and a plurality of channel walls. The channel walls comprise a carbonate in an amount in a range from greater than 5 wt% and up to 50 wt%. The channel walls further comprise a metal-containing support in an amount in a range from 40 wt% and up to 95 wt%. The metal-containing support is selected from the group consisting of a metal alloy, metal oxide, metal-non-metal alloy, ceramic, and any combination thereof. The metal- containing support comprises a total accessible porosity (ε) in a range from 0.4 – 0.8. A surface of the metal-containing support comprises a reaction product between the metal-containing support and a passivating material, wherein the reaction product being less reactive to the carbonate than the metal-containing support without the reaction product.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
• B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxideSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
• B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 20/32 - Impregnating or coating

Abstract

A method for capturing long-range dependencies in seismic images involves dependency-training a backpropagation-enabled process, followed by label-training the dependency-trained backpropagation-enabled process. Dependency-training computes spatial relationships between elements of the training seismic data set. Label-training computes a prediction selected from an occurrence, a value of an attribute, and combinations thereof. The label-trained backpropagation-enabled process is used to capture long-range dependencies in a non-training seismic data set by computing a prediction selected from the group consisting of a geologic feature occurrence, a geophysical property occurrence, a hydrocarbon occurrence, an attribute of subsurface data, and combinations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/30 - Analysis

Abstract

A method for treating grains having starch and non-starch carbohydrates, wherein the starch is present in an amount of at least 10 wt.% based on the dry weight of the grain. The grain is contacted with a solution containing at least one α-hydroxysulfonic acid; and to react under acid hydrolysis conditions to produce a product that is suitable for producing chemicals and/or fuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
• C12P 19/02 - Monosaccharides
• C12P 19/04 - Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
• C13K 1/06 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of starch or raw materials containing starch

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of preparing a hydropyrolysis catalyst, said process comprising the steps of: i) forming a slurry comprising alpha alumina, an alumina precursor, a binder and water; ii) performing spray granulation of said slurry to prepare solid catalyst or carrier spheres; and iii) drying the catalyst or carrier spheres and then calcining them at a temperature in the range of at least 450 °C and no more than 900 °C, wherein active species comprising a molybdenum and a metal selected from those in groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table are incorporated into the hydropyrolysis catalyst, either by incorporating a molybdenum source and a source of a metal selected from those in groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table into the slurry in step i) or by impregnating the calcined carrier spheres with a solution comprising a molybdenum source and a source of a metal selected from those in groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table and subsequently drying and then calcining at a temperature in the range of at least 450 °C and no more than 900 °C the thus-impregnated carrier spheres to provide the hydropyrolysis catalyst. The present invention also provides a biomass hydropyrolysis process with the obtained catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/28 - Molybdenum
• B01J 27/19 - Molybdenum
• B01J 35/32 - Bulk density
• B01J 35/40 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalystsProcesses, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
• B01J 37/28 - Phosphorising

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a hydropyrolysis catalyst that includes molybdenum and a metal selected from those in groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table as active species and in the range of from 35 to 60wt% of alpha alumina with a particle density of at least 3.5 g/cm3and 30 to 60wt% of an alumina, which is not alpha alumina, with a particle density of at least 0.8 g/cm3, based on the overall weight of the catalyst in oxidic form. The present disclosure also provides a method of producing the hydropyrolysis catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 23/882 - Molybdenum and cobalt
• B01J 35/31 - Density
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a feed stream containing a renewable feedstock by pyrolytic cracking of the renewable feedstock in an autothermal reactor, said process comprising: pre-heating an oxygen containing stream and a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream into a burner of the autothermal reactor; generating steam in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor; pre-heating a feed stream containing a renewable feedstock outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated feed stream containing the renewable feedstock into the autothermal reactor; mixing the steam generated in the combustion zone with the pre-heated feed stream containing the renewable feedstock in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor, by feeding the steam and the pre-heated feed stream containing the renewable feedstock into the mixing and cracking zone from substantially opposite directions, and pyrolytically cracking the renewable feedstock to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles

Abstract

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition used in the reduction gearbox or transmission of an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, wherein the lubricating oil contains a base oil, and the aromatic ring content of the base oil is from 3,500 to 15,000 ppm in terms of the mass of the base oil.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
• C10M 101/02 - Petroleum fractions
• C10M 107/02 - Hydrocarbon polymersHydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
• C10M 111/02 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
• C10N 20/02 - ViscosityViscosity index
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-pointViscosity index
• C10N 30/12 - Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents, anti-corrosives
• C10N 40/04 - Oil-bathGear-boxesAutomatic transmissionsTraction drives

Abstract

A system for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feedstock having a first stage including one or more first reactors that may receive the hydrocarbon feedstock and convert the hydrocarbon feedstock into an intermediate product. The feedstock has a total chlorine (Cl) content greater than 3 parts per million weight (ppmw), and the intermediate product includes hydrogen chloride (HCl), ammonia (NH3), and an ammonium salt. The system also includes a heating system having a plurality of heat exchangers arranged in a loop and having a heat transfer fluid that may recover and dispense heat to one or more fluids in the first stage. At least one heat exchanger of the plurality of heat exchangers is disposed between the first stage and a separation section, and the at least one heat exchanger may maintain a temperature of the intermediate product above a desublimation temperature of ammonia with hydrogen halide.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
• C10G 45/32 - Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds
• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 49/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or
• C10G 75/00 - Inhibiting corrosion or fouling in apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbon oils, in general
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation

Abstract

A fuel composition comprising: (i) at least 30 vol% of renewable gasoline component, wherein the renewable gasoline component has a RON of at least 80 and has been derived from an ethanol to gasoline process; and (ii) at least 5 vol% of a renewable alcohol component; and (iii) from 15 vol% to 50 vol% of petroleum-derived gasoline component; wherein the fuel composition has a RON of 95 or greater and comprises at least 50 vol% of renewable components. The fuel compositions of the present invention allow the formulation of a higher bio-content fuel, while still maintaining high RON, an improved distillation profile and low particulate emissions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof
• C10L 10/10 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number

Abstract

A system for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feedstock having a first stage including one or more first reactors that may receive the hydrocarbon feedstock and convert the hydrocarbon feedstock into an intermediate product. The feedstock has a total chlorine (Cl) content greater than 3 parts per million weight (ppmw), and the intermediate product includes hydrogen chloride (HCl), ammonia (NH3), and an ammonium salt. The system also includes a heating system having a plurality of heat exchangers arranged in a loop and having a heat transfer fluid that may recover and dispense heat to one or more fluids in the first stage. At least one heat exchanger of the plurality of heat exchangers is disposed between the first stage and a separation section, and the at least one heat exchanger may maintain a temperature of the intermediate product above a desublimation temperature of ammonia with hydrogen halide.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps

Abstract

A process for removing hydrogen from an oxygen gas stream includes electrolysing water in an electrolyser to generate a hydrogen-rich stream and an oxygen-rich stream. The oxygen-rich stream includes hydrogen. The process also includes feeding the oxygen-rich stream to a reactor having a gold-containing catalyst and contacting, in the reactor, the oxygen-rich stream with the gold-containing catalyst. The gold-containing catalyst includes gold and a second metal on an oxidic support and an oxygen partial pressure of the oxygen-rich stream in the reactor is greater than 1 bar.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 23/52 - Gold
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/16 - Reducing
• B01J 37/18 - Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen

Abstract

The present invention provides the use of a re-refined base oil in an industrial lubricating fluid, said industrial lubricating fluid comprising at least one base oil and at least one additive, in order to improve one or more of oxidation stability and low temperature performance of said industrial lubricating fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 175/00 - Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products
• C10M 175/02 - Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products mineral-oil based
• C10N 20/02 - ViscosityViscosity index
• C10N 20/00 - Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-pointViscosity index
• C10N 30/08 - Resistance to extreme temperature
• C10N 30/10 - Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 40/08 - Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
• C10N 30/12 - Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents, anti-corrosives
• C10N 30/18 - Anti-foaming property
• C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents

Abstract

This invention provides a thermal energy storage device (100) comprising a powder bed (110), at least two electrodes (301, 302, 303), and at least one heat transfer tube (200). The powder bed (110) has an electrical resistivity in a range of 500-50,000 Qm. The at least two electrodes (301, 302, 303) are embedded in the powder bed (110) and arranged to heat the powder bed (110) by providing a voltage between the electrodes (301, 302, 303). The at least one heat transfer tube (200) is arranged to contain a heat transfer fluid and has an inlet (210) and an outlet (220) connectable to a thermal energy consumer (30). The heat transfer tube (200) and the powder bed (110) are thermally coupled via an electrically insulating material.

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 20/00 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in generalRegenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or
• F28D 20/02 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in generalRegenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or using latent heat

Abstract

Fuel composition comprising: (a) a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; (b) a tetraalkylethane compound having the formula (I): wherein Ar represents an aryl group and each X is independently selected from a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted, straight chain or branched C1-C12 alkyl group, (CH2)nOH or (CH2)nNH2, wherein n is in the range of 1 to 9, provided that at least one of the X groups in each CX3 group is a hydrogen atom. The fuel composition of the present invention provides improved power and acceleration benefits, as well as increased flame speed and burn duration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/23 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites

Abstract

1212122 has an equivalent weight of from 10 to 300 g/mol; no alkylene oxide is added in step a) or between steps a) and b), and the continuous addition of alkylene oxide in step b) is not interrupted before the total weight of alkylene oxide needed to prepare polyether alcohol P has been added; and step c) starts before step b).

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds

Abstract

1212122 has an equivalent weight of from 10 to 300 g/mol; no alkylene oxide is added between steps a) and b), and the continuous addition of alkylene oxide in step b) is not interrupted before the total weight of alkylene oxide needed to prepare polyether alcohol P has been added; and step c) starts before step b).

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of catalytically pyrolyzing a methane-containing stream, the method at least comprising the steps of: (a) providing a gaseous methane-containing stream (10); (b) feeding the gaseous methane-containing stream (10) in the form of gas bubbles into a reaction zone (3) containing molten salt and catalyst particles, wherein the catalyst particles are suspended in the molten salt; (c) subjecting the methane-containing stream to catalytic pyrolysis in the reaction zone (3) thereby obtaining solid carbon and gaseous hydrogen; (d) allowing the molten salt, solid carbon and gaseous hydrogen to move upwards from the reaction zone (3) to an intermediate zone (4) whilst catalyst particles are kept in the reaction zone (3); (e) optionally, allowing a first part of the molten salt to flow from the intermediate zone (4) to the reaction zone (3), or from an upper part of the reaction zone (3) to a lower part of the reaction zone (3), via a return loop (6); (f) allowing solid carbon, gaseous hydrogen and a second part of the molten salt to move further upwards from the intermediate zone (4) to a separation zone (5) by gas entrainment using an inverted funnel (9); (g) removing solid carbon and gaseous hydrogen from the separation zone (5); wherein gas bubbles are broken by first bubble breakers (7) having an open area of greater than 90% when the molten salt, solid carbon and gaseous hydrogen are moving - 23 - upwards in step (d) from the reaction zone (3) to the intermediate zone (4); and wherein gas bubbles are broken by second bubble breakers (8) when the molten salt, solid carbon and gaseous hydrogen are moving upwards in step (f) from the intermediate zone (4) to the separation zone (5).

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
• C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
• C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for the hydropyrolysis of biomass, said process comprising the steps of contacting biomass with a hydropyrolysis catalyst in a bubbling fluidised bed reactor under a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the hydropyrolysis catalyst is prepared by a process comprising the steps of impregnating a gamma alumina carrier with a first impregnation solution comprising a tungsten salt, drying the tungsten-impregnated carrier; then impregnating the dried tungsten-impregnated carrier with a second impregnation solution comprising a source of a metal selected from those in groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table, and, optionally, a molybdenum source, drying the fully impregnated carrier and then calcining it.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
• B01J 23/882 - Molybdenum and cobalt
• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 23/888 - Tungsten
• B01J 23/85 - Chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten

Abstract

A method for predicting an occurrence of a geological feature in a geologic thin section image uses a backpropagation-enabled classification process trained by inputting extracted training image fractions having substantially the same absolute horizontal and vertical length and associated labels for classes from a predetermined set of geological features, and iteratively computing a prediction of the probability of occurrence of each of the classes for the extracted training image fractions. The trained backpropagation-enabled classification model is used to predict the occurrence of the classes in extracted fractions of non-training geologic thin section images having substantially the same absolute horizontal and vertical length as the training image fractions.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06N 3/084 - Backpropagation, e.g. using gradient descent

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from a CO2-containing stream, the method at least comprising the steps of: a) providing a CO2-containing stream (10), preferably air wherein the CO2-containing stream (10) has a CO2 content in the range of from 10 to 1000 ppmv, preferably from 100 to 1000 ppmv; b) removing CO2 from the CO2-containing stream (10) provided in step a) in a first CO2 removal unit (2), thereby obtaining a first CO2-enriched stream (30) and a first CO2-depleted stream (20); c) liquefying the first CO2-enriched stream (30) obtained in step b) in a liquefaction unit (3); d) removing from the liquefaction unit (3) at least a liquefied CO2 stream (40) and a gaseous stream (15) containing at least nitrogen [N2 (g)], oxygen [O2 (g)] and CO2 (g).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
• F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen

Abstract

Fuel composition comprising: (a) a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; (b) a tetraalkylethane compound having the formula (I) : wherein Ar represents an aryl group and each X is independently selected from a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted, straight chain or branched C1-C12 alkyl group, (CH2)nOH or (CH2)nNH2, wherein n is in the range of 1 to 9, provided that at least one of the X groups in each CX3 group is a hydrogen atom; and c) an alkylbenzene compound having the formula (II) wherein each R1-R6 group is independently selected from hydrogen and a C1-C15 alkyl group, wherein at least one of the R1-R6 groups is a C1-C6 alkyl group. The fuel composition of the present invention provides improved power and acceleration benefits, as well as increased flame speed and burn duration. Fuel composition comprising: (a) a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; (b) a tetraalkylethane compound having the formula (I) : wherein Ar represents an aryl group and each X is independently selected from a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted, straight chain or branched C1-C12 alkyl group, (CH2)nOH or (CH2)nNH2, wherein n is in the range of 1 to 9, provided that at least one of the X groups in each CX3 group is a hydrogen atom; and c) an alkylbenzene compound having the formula (II) wherein each R1-R6 group is independently selected from hydrogen and a C1-C15 alkyl group, wherein at least one of the R1-R6 groups is a C1-C6 alkyl group. The fuel composition of the present invention provides improved power and acceleration benefits, as well as increased flame speed and burn duration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a waste plastics feedstock said process comprising: pyrolyzing a waste plastics feedstream at a temperature in the range from 200°C to 600°C to produce a waste plastics pyrolysis feedstream containing gaseous hydrocarbons; feeding the waste plastics pyrolysis feedstream containing gaseous hydrocarbons into an autothermal reactor; pre-heating an oxygen containing stream and a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream into a burner of the autothermal reactor; generating steam in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor by the reaction of the pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream; mixing the steam generated in the combustion zone with the waste plastics pyrolysis feedstream containing gaseous hydrocarbons in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor, by feeding the steam and the feedstream containing gaseous hydrocarbons into the mixing and cracking zone from substantially opposite directions, and pyrolytically cracking the gaseous hydrocarbons to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours

Abstract

22) in co-existence (3); (c) maintaining the co-existence of liquid and solid hydrogen in the storage tank (2) using a heat exchanger (4); (d) feeding the hydrogen gas stream (10) provided in step (a) into the storage tank (2); (e) condensing the hydrogen gas (10) as fed into in the storage tank (2) in step (d).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of compressing a water-containing oxygen-containing stream originating from an electrolyzer, the method at least comprising the steps of: (a) providing a water-containing oxygen-containing stream (10); (b) combining the water-containing oxygen-containing stream (10) provided in step (a) as a suction fluid in an ejector (2) with a water-containing stream (20) as a motive fluid, thereby obtaining a combined stream; (c) flashing the combined stream by the ejector (2), thereby obtaining a two-phase fluid (30) discharged from the ejector (2); (d) separating the two-phase fluid (30) discharged from the ejector (2) into an oxygen-containing gas stream (40) and a liquid stream (50); (e) pressurizing the liquid stream (40) obtained in step (d), thereby obtaining a pressurized liquid stream; (f) using the pressurized liquid stream obtained in step (e) as the motive fluid (20) in step (b); (g) dehydrogenating the oxygen-containing gas stream (40) obtained in step (d), thereby obtaining a dehydrogenated oxygen-containing stream (70); (h) dehydrating the dehydrogenated oxygen-containing stream (70) obtained in step (g), thereby obtaining a dehydrated dehydrogenated oxygen-containing stream (80); (i) compressing the dehydrated dehydrogenated oxygen-containing stream (80) obtained in step (h) thereby obtaining a compressed oxygen-containing stream (90); and (j) using the compressed oxygen-containing stream (90) obtained in step (i), in particular in a gasifier (9).

IPC Classes  ?

• F04F 5/04 - Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which fluid flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid displacing elastic fluids
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• F04F 5/10 - Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which fluid flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid displacing liquids, e.g. containing solids, or liquids and elastic fluids
• C25B 9/05 - Pressure cells
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

Novel modular reactor configurations utilizing resistance heating elements are provided. The resistance heating elements pass through the reaction zone of reactor modules and conduct electricity thereby providing resistance heating in the reaction zone to facilitate the conversion of the reactants to products when reactants are present in the reaction zone. The resistance heating elements may be configured as plurality of wires, a plurality of plates, wiremesh, gauze, and/or a metallic monolith.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 19/32 - Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus

Abstract

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a method for operating a direct air capture (DAC) process including a fractal network layout. The method may include providing a plurality of base units, each base unit may include a plurality of DAC modules and a primary level node. Each primary level node may be connected to each of the DAC modules within the base unit by a process connection and/or a utility connection. A secondary level unit may include the plurality of base units. The secondary level unit may include a secondary level node which may be connected to each of the primary level nodes by process and/or utility connections. The method may include receiving an air stream at each of the DAC modules, contacting the air stream with a sorbent material, generating and transporting an outlet stream comprising CO2 from each of the DAC modules to the secondary level node.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

A method of installing a sensor unit in a wellbore tubular arranged with the borehole, comprising a tubular bore. A punch tool is run into the tubular bore to a desired depth, and the sensor unit is pushed by the punch tool into a wall of the wellbore tubular. The punch tool is subsequently removed from the tubular bore, while leaving the sensor unit behind in the wall.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/112 - Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means
• E21B 47/01 - Devices for supporting measuring instruments on drill bits, pipes, rods or wirelinesProtecting measuring instruments in boreholes against heat, shock, pressure or the like

Abstract

A process for carbon capture and sequestration by injection of liquefied biomass in a subsurface formation having a porous medium. A carbon-containing biomass is transformed into a liquid bio-oil. A liquid bio-oil injection rate is determined based on viscosity of the liquid bio-oil, the in-situ formation pressure, the reservoir transmissibility of the subsurface formation, and/or the mobility of the in-situ reservoir fluids. The liquid bio-oil is injected into the subsurface formation via a wellbore in the subsurface formation at an injection pressure sufficient to cause fracturing of a portion of the subsurface formation proximate the wellbore, thereby sequestering carbon in the subsurface formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 41/00 - Equipment or details not covered by groups
• B09B 3/40 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
• C09K 8/64 - Oil-based compositions
• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

Abstract

A method for predicting fault seal behaviour involves training a backpropagation-enabled process using a training data set of seismic data, well data, and training labels. The seismic data has at least three spatial dimensions and a seismic resolution. The well data has a vertical resolution greater than the seismic resolution. The training data set is used for training the process to predict a contained column height and/or a fluid flow capacity at a fault juxtaposition location. The trained backpropagation-enabled process is used in a non-training data set to predict a contained column height and/or a fluid flow capacity at a fault juxtaposition location.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/30 - Analysis
• G01V 1/52 - Structural details

Abstract

The present invention provides an electrically heated apparatus (1), at least comprising: —an electrically heated furnace (2) having a roof (2A) and walls defining a space (3); —at least one tube (10) miming through the space (3), wherein the at least one tube (10) has an inlet (11) and an outlet (12) outside of the space (3); —electrical radiative heating elements (20) located in the space (3), which heating elements (20) can heat the at least one tube (10); wherein the heating elements (20) suspend from the roof (2A) of the space (3); and wherein the roof (2A) of the space (3) has a shape configured to have heating elements (20) suspending at different heights.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside

Abstract

The specification discloses a highly macroporous catalyst for hydroprocessing and hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks. The high macroporosity catalyst incudes an inorganic oxide, molybdenum, and nickel components. It has a pore structure such that at least 18% of its total pore volume is in pores of a diameter greater than 5,000 angstroms and at least 25% of its total pore volume is in pores of a diameter greater than 1,000 angstroms. Preferably, the pore structure is bimodal. The catalyst is made by co-mulling the catalytic components with a high molecular weight polyacrylamide followed by forming the co-mulled mixture into a particle or an extrudate. The particle or extrudate is dried and calcined under controlled calcination temperature conditions to yield a calcined particle or extrudate of the high macroporosity catalyst composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• B01J 31/06 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
• B01J 35/64 - Pore diameter
• B01J 35/69 - Pore distribution bimodal
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalystsProcesses, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 37/04 - Mixing
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
• C10G 45/20 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing with moving solid particles according to the "fluidised bed" technique

Abstract

A method for maximizing the selectivity (S) of an epoxidation catalyst in an ethylene oxide reactor system, comprising: receiving a measured reactor selectivity (Smeas), a measured reactor temperature (Tmeas), and one or more operational parameters from an ethylene oxide production system, the measured reactor selectivity (Smeas), the measured reactor temperature (Tmeas), and the one or more operational parameters comprise real-time and historical operating data points over time generated by the ethylene oxide production system, and using a processor to conduct various calculations and determination in order to output an actionable recommendation that includes a target change (Mchange) of a moderator level (M) of a chloride-containing catalyst moderator to its optimal value (Mopt). The method further includes using the processor to (f) display the actionable recommendation on a display.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 301/10 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
• G16C 20/10 - Analysis or design of chemical reactions, syntheses or processes

Abstract

The invention relates to a batch process for preparing a polyether polyol P having a hydroxyl number of greater than 115 mg KOH/g by reacting starter compound S1 and optionally starter compound S2, which starter compounds have a plurality of active hydrogen atoms, with one or more alkylene oxides in the presence of a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst, comprising a) forming a starter mixture comprising starter compound S1 and the catalyst, followed by b) continuously adding an alkylene oxide; and c) optionally: continuously adding starter compound S2; wherein starter compound S1 has (I) a nominal functionality which equals the nominal functionality of polyether polyol P and a hydroxyl number which is within 10% of the hydroxyl number of polyether polyol P and/or (II) an equivalent weight of from 10 to 500 g/mol; optional starter compound S2 has an equivalent weight of from 10 to 70 g/mol; and no alkylene oxide is added in step a) or between steps a) and b), and the continuous addition of alkylene oxide in step b) is not interrupted before the total weight of alkylene oxide needed to prepare polyether polyol P has been added.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds

Abstract

1122n2n233 group is a hydrogen atom. The fuel compositions of the present invention provide improved engine power and reduced burn duration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons

Abstract

The present invention provides an apparatus (1) for separating a solids-containing and molten salt containing stream (10), the apparatus (1) at least comprising: - a cyclone separator (2) having an inlet (21) for a solids-containing and molten salt containing stream (10) to be separated, a bottom dipleg outlet (22) for a wet solids stream and an overhead outlet (23) for a gas stream; - a hopper (3) containing an overhead inlet (31), an overhead outlet (32) and a bottom outlet (33), wherein the overhead inlet (31) of the hopper (3) is fluidly connected with the bottom dipleg outlet (22) of the cyclone separator (2); and - a heater (5) for heating wet solids (34) in the hopper (3); wherein a pressure reducing pump (4) is connected to an overhead space (36) in the hopper (3) defined by the walls of the hopper and the surface level (35) of wet solids in the hopper (3).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 45/16 - Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream
• B04C 5/00 - Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
• B04C 5/20 - Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed with heating or cooling, e.g. quenching, means

Abstract

An unleaded gasoline fuel composition for improving engine performance in spark ignition internal combustion engines, wherein the unleaded a gasoline fuel composition comprises: a major amount of gasoline base fuel, and a detergent additive package, wherein the detergent additive package comprises a quaternary ammonium internal salt detergent and a Mannich base detergent mixture, wherein the quaternary ammonium internal salt is obtained from amines or polyamines that is substantially devoid of any free anion species, wherein the Mannich base detergent mixture comprises a first Mannich base detergent component derived from a di- or polyamine and a second Mannich base detergent component derived from a monoamine, wherein the weight ratio of the first Mannich base detergent to the second Mannich base detergent mixture ranges from about 1:6 to about 3:1, and wherein the weight ratio of the quaternary ammonium internal salt detergent and the Mannich base detergent mixture ranges from about 1:10 to about 1:100.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/22 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• C10L 10/18 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups

Abstract

This invention provides a method for assessing the copper corrosion potential of a lubricant fluid comprising the steps of: a) placing a sample of said lubricant fluid in a vial, wherein said sample partially fills said vial, such that a space exists in the vial above the sample suitable for sampling vapour phase materials in said space; b) sealing the vial; c) heating the sample in said sealed vial for greater than 12 hours at a temperature of at least 80 °C; and d) analysing the vapour phase portion using headspace GC-MS with full scan and selected ion monitoring.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 17/00 - Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion or to light
• G01N 33/28 - Oils