in vitroin vitro with an aldolase (EC 4.1.2.55) to give an aqueous solution which contains glycol aldehyde and a salt of pyruvic acid, after which the glycol aldehyde is reduced using an NAD(P)H-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) or an NAD(P)H-dependent xylose reductase (EC 1.1.1.307) and subsequently optionally removing either the salt of pyruvic acid or the ethylene glycol from the solution.
The present invention relates to a method for oxidizing NADH to NAD+ and/or NADPH to NADP+ comprising the step of incubating a protein having NADH and/or NADPH oxidase activity with NADH and/or NADPH in an aqueous solution, said protein comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of i) an amino acid sequence having at least 80% sequence identity with SEQ ID No. 1, ii) an amino acid sequence encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having an identity to SEQ ID No. 2 of at least 80%, and iii) an amino acid sequence encoded by a nucleic acid which binds under stringent conditions to a nucleic acid molecule complementary to the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID No. 2, wherein the stringent conditions preferably comprise washing at 65°C, and at a salt concentration of 0.1 to 2x SSC.
The present invention relates to a variant of a parent NAD(P)H dependent oxidoreductase comprising (a) a Rossman fold with a consensus motif GXnGXmG/A, wherein n is 1, 2 or 3 and m is 1 or 2, and (b) a glycine residue being located 8 to 14 amino acid residues downstream of said consensus motif, wherein in the variant the glycine residue is mutated.
in vitroin vitro from D-fructose, which is dissolved in an aqueous solution, by treating the dissolved D-fructose with an epimerase, whereupon the D-psicose is reduced in vitro to allitol by treating the D-psicose with an NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase, resulting in the formation of oxidized cofactor NAD(P)+, and then the allitol is enzymatically oxidized to obtain allose.
The invention relates to a method for producing an aqueous solution containing d-talitol, wherein d-psicose is formed in vitro from d-fructose, which is provided in a dissolved form in an aqueous solution, by treating the d-fructose with an epimerase. The d-psicose is then reduced in order to form d-talitol in vitro by treating the d-psicose with a NAD(P)H-based oxidoreductase. The D-talitol contained in the aqueous solution can be oxidized in a simple manner by treating the d-talitol with an oxidoreductase in order to form d-tagatose or d-psicose.
A method for producing allitol by treating D-fructose, dissolved in an aqueous solution, with an epimerase to form in vitro D-psicose, which is reduced in vitro to allitol by treatment with an NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase, the NAD(P)+ formed by the reduction being enzymatically reduced to NAD(P)H again using a hydrogen donor, characterized in that the hydrogen donor used is a secondary alcohol.
8.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING L-PSICOSE
in vitroin vitroin vitro, and the allitol is treated with a corresponding NAD(P)+-based oxidoreductase in order to form L-psicose after a deactivation and/or ultrafiltration of the epimerase. The deactivated epimerase and the oxidoreductases are then removed.
9.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING D-PSICOSE
in vitroin vitroin vitro, and after deactivation and/or ultrafiltration of the epimerase in order to form D-psicose is treated with a corresponding NAD(P)+-dependent oxidoreductase, after which the deactiavted epimerase and the oxidoreductases are removed.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Chemicals for use in manufacture; Chemical additives for use in manufacture; Chemical substances for use in manufacture; Chemical additives for food; Chemical and organic compositions for use in the manufacture of food and beverages; Catalysts for use in chemical processes; Enzymes for use in the processing of food by-products; Enzymes for industrial purposes; Enzymes for use in foodstuffs; Enzymes for the food industry; Enzyme preparations for the food industry; Enzymes for use as biochemical catalysts Processing of chemicals; Processing of foodstuffs for use in manufacture Development and test of chemical production methods; Chemical technological research; Chemical research; Chemical laboratories
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Chemicals for use in manufacture; Chemical additives for use in manufacture; Chemical substances for use in manufacture; Chemical additives for food; Chemical and organic compositions for use in the manufacture of food and beverages; Catalysts for use in chemical processes; Enzymes for use in the processing of food by-products; Enzymes for industrial purposes; Enzymes for use in foodstuffs; Enzymes for the food industry; Enzyme preparations for the food industry; Enzymes for use as biochemical catalysts Processing of chemicals; Processing of foodstuffs for use in manufacture Development and test of chemical production methods; Chemical technological research; Chemical research; Chemical laboratories
The present invention relates to a method of preparing a steroid comprising the step of converting a 7-deoxysteroid with a cytochrome P450 enzyme or a functional variant thereof in the presence of at least one redox partner system and a system for regenerating the redox partner system.
The invention relates to a method for producing an aqueous solution which contains glycerin and a salt of pyruvic acid or lactic acid in that a salt of gluconic acid and/or galactonic acid is treated with an enzyme system, which comprises a dehydratase, an aldolase, an alcohol dehydrogenase together with cofactors, a glyceraldehyde reductase together with cofactors, and optionally a lactate dehydrogenase together with cofactors, in vitro in an aqueous alcohol-containing solution, whereby an aqueous solution is obtained which contains glycerin and a salt of pyruvic acid or lactic acid and from which the enzyme system is separated and is optionally concentrated.
The invention relates to a method for producing an aqueous solution containing alkaline salt of glycolic acid and lactic acid in that alkaline salt of xylonic acid and/or arbonic acid is treated with an enzyme system in vitro in an aqueous solution, said enzyme system containing dehydratase, aldolase, glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and NAD+ as cofactors. The enzyme system is then separated.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Chemicals for use in manufacture; Chemical additives for use in manufacture; Chemical substances for use in manufacture; Chemical additives for food; Chemical and organic compositions for use in the manufacture of food and beverages; Catalysts for use in chemical processes; Enzymes for use in the processing of food by-products; Enzymes for industrial purposes; Enzymes for use in foodstuffs; Enzymes for the food industry; Enzyme preparations for the food industry; Enzymes for use as biochemical catalysts. Processing of chemicals; Processing of foodstuffs for use in manufacture. Development and test of chemical production methods; Chemical technological research; Chemical research; Chemical laboratories.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Chemicals for use in manufacture; Chemical additives for use in manufacture; Chemical substances for use in manufacture; Chemical additives for food; Chemical and organic compositions for use in the manufacture of food and beverages; Catalysts for use in chemical processes; Enzymes for use in the processing of food by-products; Enzymes for industrial purposes; Enzymes for use in foodstuffs; Enzymes for the food industry; Enzyme preparations for the food industry; Enzymes for use as biochemical catalysts. Processing of chemicals; Processing of foodstuffs for use in manufacture. Development and test of chemical production methods; Chemical technological research; Chemical research; Chemical laboratories.
The present invention relates to a process for preparing a steroid, comprising the step of reacting a 7-desoxysteroid with a Cytochrome P450 enzyme or a functional variant thereof in the presence of at least one redox partner system and of a system for regenerating the redox partner system.
The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of D-glucose. The process according to the invention comprises a step a) in which part of the D-glucose is enzymatically oxidized to D-gluconic acid (lactone) and a portion of the D-glucose which is essentially equimolar thereto is reduced to D-sorbitol. In addition to D-glucose, D-fructose is also present in the reaction mixture of step a). The process comprises a further step b) in which D-sorbitol formed from the D-glucose in step a) is enzymatically oxidized to D-fructose.
The present invention provides a process for obtaining n+a oxidation and reduction products from a mixture of n sugars selected from the group consisting of C5 and C6 sugars, wherein n is at least 2 and a is at least 1, wherein at least two of the sugars in the mixture are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other, wherein, in a first stage, at least one of the sugars which are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is oxidized enzymatically and, at the same time, at least one of the other sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is reduced enzymatically, and wherein, in the first stage, a portion of at least one of the sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is not converted, and which is characterized in that, in at least a second stage, at least a portion of the sugar not converted in the first stage is oxidized enzymatically by half and, respectively, is reduced enzymatically by the remaining half.
The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a lignin prepolymer, comprising (a) providing a lignin; (b) reacting the lignin with a hydroxyl functionalization reagent to provide a lignin derivative containing at least one hydroxyl group, said hydroxyl group being obtained as a result of the interaction between the lignin and the hydroxyl functionalization reagent (c) reacting the lignin derivative obtained in step (b) with a functionalization reagent selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives and mixtures thereof capable to react with the lignin derivative resulting in a covalent bond between the fatty acid and/or or the fatty acid derivative and the lignin derivative.
The present invention relates to a process for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) via oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF), said HMF being present in a solution in a high-boiling polar solvent and water. The process is characterized by the combination of —a first oxidation step wherein the HMF is at least partly oxidized in said solution to yield a first reaction mixture comprising at least one monoacid selected from the group consisting of -hydroxymethylfuran-2-carboxylic acid (HMFA), 5-formylfuran-2-carboxylic acid (FFCA) and, optionally, FDCA —an extraction step after the first oxidation step wherein said high-boiling polar solvent is extracted from said first reaction mixture by means of an extraction solvent, wherein said at least one monoacid remains in an aqueous phase, —a second oxidation step wherein said at least one monoacid is oxidized to FDCA.
The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a lignin prepolymer, comprising (a) providing a lignin; (b) reacting the lignin with a hydroxyl functionalization reagent to provide a lignin derivative containing at least one hydroxyl group, said hydroxyl group being obtained as a result of the interaction between the lignin and the hydroxyl functionalization reagent (c) reacting the lignin derivative obtained in step (b) with a functionalization reagent selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives and mixtures thereof capable to react with the lignin derivative resulting in a covalent bond between the fatty acid and/or the fatty acid derivative and the lignin derivative.
The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a lignin prepolymer, comprising (a) providing a lignin; (b) reacting the lignin with a hydroxyl functionalization reagent to provide a lignin derivative containing at least one hydroxyl group, said hydroxyl group being obtained as a result of the interaction between the lignin and the hydroxyl functionalization reagent (c) reacting the lignin derivative obtained in step (b) with a functionalization reagent selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives and mixtures thereof capable to react with the lignin derivative resulting in a covalent bond between the fatty acid and/or the fatty acid derivative and the lignin derivative.
The present invention relates to a method for conversion of D-glucose. The method according to the invention comprises a step a), in which a portion of the D-glucose is enzymatically oxidized to D-gluconic acid (lactone) and a portion of the D-glucose substantially equimolar therto is reduced to D-sorbitol. Present in the reaction mixture of step a) is not only D-glucose but also D-fructose. The method comprises a further step b), in which D-sorbitol formed from the D-glucose in step a) is enzymatically oxidized to D-fructose.
The present invention relates to a process for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) via oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF), said HMF being present in a solution in a high-boiling polar solvent and water. The process is characterized by the combination of - a first oxidation step wherein the HMF is at least partly oxidized in said solution to yield a first reaction mixture comprising at least one monoacid selected from the group consisting of -hydroxymethylfuran-2-carboxylic acid (HMFA), 5-formylfuran-2-carboxylic acid (FFCA) and, optionally, FDCA - an extraction step after the first oxidation step wherein said high-boiling polar solvent is extracted from said first reaction mixture by means of an extraction solvent, wherein said at least one monoacid remains in an aqueous phase, - a second oxidation step wherein said at least one monoacid is oxidized to FDCA.
The present invention relates to a process for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) via oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF), said HMF being present in a solution in a high-boiling polar solvent and water. The process is characterized by the combination of - a first oxidation step wherein the HMF is at least partly oxidized in said solution to yield a first reaction mixture comprising at least one monoacid selected from the group consisting of -hydroxymethylfuran-2-carboxylic acid (HMFA), 5-formylfuran-2-carboxylic acid (FFCA) and, optionally, FDCA - an extraction step after the first oxidation step wherein said high-boiling polar solvent is extracted from said first reaction mixture by means of an extraction solvent, wherein said at least one monoacid remains in an aqueous phase, - a second oxidation step wherein said at least one monoacid is oxidized to FDCA.
The present invention provides a process for obtaining n+a oxidation and reduction products from a mixture of n sugars selected from the group consisting of C5 and C6 sugars, where n is at least 2 and a is at least 1, wherein at least two of the sugars are present in the mixture in a non-equimolar ratio to one another, wherein, in a first stage, at least one of the sugars that are present in a non-equimolar ratio to one another is enzymatically oxidized and, at the same time, at least one of the other sugars that are present in a non-equimolar ratio to one another is enzymatically reduced and wherein, in the first stage, a portion of at least one of the sugars that are present in a non-equimolar ratio to one another is not converted, and which is characterized in that, in at least one second stage, at least a portion of the sugar unconverted in the first stage is half enzymatically oxidized and the remaining half is enzymatically reduced.
A method for the isolation of lignin from a lignocellulosic biomass, comprising providing a lignocellulosic biomass; extracting sugar free lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass by contacting said biomass with an organic aqueous solution comprising water and at least one water miscible organic solvent, either discontinuously or continuously, whereby a biomass-solvent suspension is formed; separating the sugar free lignin solution from the biomass-solvent suspension to obtain a sugar free lignin solution and a cellulosic material enriched with lignin carbohydrate complexes and hemicellulose, and optionally isolating sugar free lignin from the sugar free lignin solution; extracting the lignin carbohydrate complexes from the cellulosic material enriched with lignin carbohydrate complexes and hemicellulose by contacting said cellulosic material with a liquid comprising at least water, whereby treated biomass suspension is formed; separating the lignin carbohydrate complexes solution from said treated biomass suspension to obtain a lignin carbohydrate complexes solution and cellulosic material enriched with hemicellulose, and, optionally isolating lignin carbohydrate complexes from the solution obtained and isolating further sugar free lignin from the mother liquor of said lignin carbohydrate complexes isolation, optionally after combining the mother liquor of said lignin carbohydrate complexes isolation with the sugar free lignin solution obtained from extracting sugar free lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass.
3 have different meanings in the compounds, characterized in that a mixture of glucose and fructose is used as a starting material. Furthermore, the use of fructose thus produced in a method for producing furan derivatives is disclosed.
Process for the selective production of oxidized furan derivatives starting from 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in the presence of a solvent, an oxidation agent, a catalyst, and optionally a base, which process is characterized in that the oxidation process is carried out continuously in flow, and there are provided means for varying reaction parameters.
Process for the selective production of oxidized furan derivatives starting from 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in the presence of a solvent, an oxidation agent, a catalyst, and optionally a base, which process is characterized in that the oxidation process is carried out continuously in flow, and there are provided means for varying reaction parameters.
A method for the enzymatic production of D-fructose from D-glucose in a one-pot synthesis, wherein D-glucose is oxidized enzymatically to D-glucosone and D-glucosone is reduced enzymatically to D-fructose and the use of the D-fructose produced in this way for the production of furan derivatives.
A process for converting a sugar from a hemicellulose-containing material into the form of a compound having at least one ionic binding site, which is characterized in that the hemicellulose-containing material is hydrolyzed enzymatically or non-enzymatically and the obtained hydrolysate is subjected to a conversion involving at least one enzymatic step, wherein sugars are released and the released sugars are converted into compounds having at least one ionic binding site, and the use of such a process.
A method for removing inorganic salts from an alcoholic basic lignin solution, comprising the steps of adding an acid to said solution whereby an alcoholic lignin solution is formed, and separating a precipitate comprising an inorganic precipitate from said solution, and a method for separating lignin from an alcoholic basic lignin solution, comprising the steps of adding an acid to said solution whereby an alcoholic lignin solution is formed, separating a precipitate comprising an inorganic precipitate from said solution, removing ethanol from said solution, optionally adjusting the pH of the mixture obtained, and separating lignin from said mixture, and, a method for avoiding foaming during alcohol recovery from an alcoholic mixture comprising lignin, optionally after separation of an inorganic precipitate, which method is characterized in that a pH of 2 to 9 of the alcoholic mixture is adjusted during alcohol recovery.
A method for removing inorganic salts from an alcoholic basic lignin solution, comprising the steps of adding an acid to said solution whereby an alcoholic lignin solution is formed, and separating a precipitate comprising an inorganic precipitate from said solution, and a method for separating lignin from an alcoholic basic lignin solution, comprising the steps of adding an acid to said solution whereby an alcoholic lignin solution is formed, separating a precipitate comprising an inorganic precipitate from said solution, removing ethanol from said solution, optionally adjusting the pH of the mixture obtained, and separating lignin from said mixture, and, a method for avoiding foaming during alcohol recovery from an alcoholic mixture comprising lignin, optionally after separation of an inorganic precipitate, which method is characterized in that a pH of 2 to 9 of the alcoholic mixture is adjusted during alcohol recovery.
A method for the isolation of lignin from a lignocellulosic biomass, comprising providing a lignocellulosic biomass; extracting sugar free lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass by contacting said biomass with an organic aqueous solution comprising water and at least one water miscible organic solvent, either discontinuously or continuously, whereby a biomass-solvent suspension is formed; separating the sugar free lignin solution from the biomass-solvent suspension to obtain a sugar free lignin solution and a cellulosic material enriched with lignin carbohydrate complexes and hemicellulose, and optionally isolating sugar free lignin from the sugar free lignin solution; extracting the lignin carbohydrate complexes from the cellulosic material enriched with lignin carbohydrate complexes and hemicellulose by contacting said cellulosic material with a liquid comprising at least water, whereby treated biomass suspension is formed; separating the lignin carbohydrate complexes solution from said treated biomass suspension to obtain a lignin carbohydrate complexes solution and cellulosic material enriched with hemicellulose, and, optionally isolating lignin carbohydrate complexes from the solution obtained and isolating further sugar free lignin from the mother liquor of said lignin carbohydrate complexes isolation, optionally after combining the mother liquor of said lignin carbohydrate complexes isolation with the sugar free lignin solution obtained from extracting sugar free lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass.
A method for working up an aqueous, alkaline-alcoholic and lignin containing solution via nanofiltration, wherein a permeate and a retentate are obtained, which permeate is an aqueous, lignin-starved solution and which retentate is an aqueous lignin-enriched solution.
1-4 alcohol, in particular ethanol or isopropanol, in the range of 40% to 90%, in particular of from 75% to 85%, whereby a first aqueous solution of an alkali acetate is obtained, and wherein said first solution of an alkali acetate is used to treat additional lignocellulose in order to enrich additional acetate in said first solution.
Disclosed is a method for the isomerisation of glucose by reduction to sorbitol and subsequent oxidation into fructose, in which the redox cofactors NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH are regenerated in a one-pot reaction, wherein one of the two redox cofactors is obtained in the reduced form thereof while the other redox cofactor is obtained in the oxidized form thereof as a result of at least two additional enzymatically catalysed redox reactions (product forming reactions) taking place in the same reaction batch, wherein (a) in the regeneration reaction, which transfers the reduced cofactor back into its originally oxidised form, oxygen or a compound of the general formula R1C(O)COOH is reduced, and (b) in the regeneration reaction, which transfers the oxidised cofactor back into its originally reduced form, a compound of the general formula R2CH(OH)R3 is oxidised, wherein R1, R2 und R3 have different meanings in the compounds, characterised in that a mixture of glucose and fructose is used as a starting material and by the use of fructose thus produced in a method for producing furan derivatives.
Disclosed is a method for the isomerisation of glucose by reduction to sorbitol and subsequent oxidation into fructose, in which the redox cofactors NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH are regenerated in a one-pot reaction, wherein one of the two redox cofactors is obtained in the reduced form thereof while the other redox cofactor is obtained in the oxidized form thereof as a result of at least two additional enzymatically catalysed redox reactions (product forming reactions) taking place in the same reaction batch, wherein (a) in the regeneration reaction, which transfers the reduced cofactor back into its originally oxidised form, oxygen or a compound of the general formula R1C(O)COOH is reduced, and (b) in the regeneration reaction, which transfers the oxidised cofactor back into its originally reduced form, a compound of the general formula R2CH(OH)R3 is oxidised, wherein R1, R2 und R3 have different meanings in the compounds, characterised in that a mixture of glucose and fructose is used as a starting material and by the use of fructose thus produced in a method for producing furan derivatives.
The invention relates to a method for enzymatically producing D-fructose from D-glucose in a one-pot synthesis, in which D-glucose is enzymatically oxidised into D-glucosone and D-glucosone is enzymatically reduced into D-fructose. The invention also relates to the use of the thus produced D-fructose for producing furan derivatives.
The invention relates to a method for enzymatically producing D-fructose from D-glucose in a one-pot synthesis, in which D-glucose is enzymatically oxidised into D-glucosone and D-glucosone is enzymatically reduced into D-fructose. The invention also relates to the use of the thus produced D-fructose for producing furan derivatives.
The invention relates to a method for producing phenol formaldehyde resin-based polymers, wherein a phenolic component is reacted with formaldehyde, wherein 60% to 100% of the phenolic component of the resin is replaced by a lignin, and wherein the quantity of formaldehyde is more than 0% by weight, but no more than 5% by weight relative to the total mass of aromatic raw materials. The invention further relates to PF-based resins which can be produced according to such a method and also to materials which can be produced from such PF-based resins.
C08G 8/00 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
B22C 1/22 - Compositions of refractory mould or core materialsGrain structures thereofChemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agentsMixtures of binding agents of organic agents of resins or rosins
B32B 27/42 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin comprising condensation resins of aldehydes, e.g. with phenols, ureas or melamines
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
C09J 161/00 - Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesAdhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
C09J 197/00 - Adhesives based on lignin-containing materials
C08L 97/00 - Compositions of lignin-containing materials
The invention relates to a method for converting a sugar into the form of a compound that has at least one ionic binding site, the sugar coming from a material containing hemicellulose, the method being characterized in that the material containing hemicellulose is enzymatically or non-enzymatically hydrolyzed and the obtained hydrolysate is subjected to a reaction containing at least one enzymatic step, wherein sugars are released and released sugars are converted into compounds that have at least one ionic binding site, and the use of such a method.
The invention relates to a method for converting a sugar into the form of a compound that has at least one ionic binding site, the sugar coming from a material containing hemicellulose, the method being characterized in that the material containing hemicellulose is enzymatically or non-enzymatically hydrolyzed and the obtained hydrolysate is subjected to a reaction containing at least one enzymatic step, wherein sugars are released and released sugars are converted into compounds that have at least one ionic binding site, and the use of such a method.
A process for the production of furan derivatives from carbohydrates in the presence of an acidic catalyst, characterized in that N-methylpyrrolidone is used as a solvent and that the acidic catalyst is homogeneous.
A process for the production of furan derivatives from carbohydrates in the presence of an acidic catalyst, characterized in that N-methylpyrrolidone is used as a solvent and that the acidic catalyst is homogeneous.
A method for producing lignin derivatives from technical lignins by treatment with proteolytic enzymes (proteases), characterized in that the proteolytic treatment of the technical lignins significantly reduces the molar mass thereof.
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
52.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING PULP HAVING LOW LIGNIN CONTENT FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL
The invention relates to a method for obtaining pulp having low lignin content, characterized by a combination of the measures in which a) lignocellulosic material is treated with an aqueous solution, which contains a C1-6 alcohol and has a pH value of 10 to 14, at a temperature below 100°C, whereupon the aqueous solution, in which lignin that was cleaved from the lignocellulose is dissolved, is separated from the solid, which is a material enriched with cellulose and hemicellulose, b) hemicellulose is removed from the material enriched with cellulose and hemicellulose from a), c) the material obtained in b), which is depleted of hemicellulose, is treated in aqueous alkaline solution with an alkali, alkaline-earth, or ammonium sulfite, in particular Na2SO3, and/or with oxygen, wherein lignin goes into solution and pulp having low lignin content is obtained; and pulp that can be produced by means of the method.
1-4 alcohol, water and a base, in particular NaOH, at a temperature below 100° C., in particular from 40° C. to 90° C., in particular from 50° C. to 70° C., characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base, in particular 4 to 10 parts of base, in particular preferable 5 to 8 parts of base, are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.
Disclosed is a method for enzymatically regenerating the redox confactors NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in a one-pot reaction. In said method, one of the two redox cofactors is obtained in the reduced form thereof while the other redox cofactor is obtained in the oxidized form thereof as a result of at least two additional enzymatically catalyzed redox reactions (product forming reactions) taking place in the same reaction batch. The disclosed method is characterized in that a) oxygen or a compound of general formula R1C(O)COOH is reduced during the regeneration reaction converting the reduced cofactor back into the original oxidized form thereof, and b) a compound of general formula R2CH(OH)R3 is oxidized during the regeneration reaction converting the oxidized cofactor back into the original reduced form thereof, R1, R2, and R3 in the compounds having different meanings.
Disclosed is a method for enzymatically regenerating the redox confactors NAD+/NADH und NADP+/NADPH in a one-pot reaction. In said method, one of the two redox cofactors is obtained in the reduced form thereof while the other redox cofactor is obtained in the oxidized form thereof as a result of at least two additional enzymatically catalyzed redox reactions (product forming reactions) taking place in the same reaction batch. The disclosed method is characterized in that a) oxygen or a compound of general formula R1C(O)COOH is reduced during the regeneration reaction converting the reduced cofactor back into the original oxidized form thereof, and b) a compound of general formula R2CH(OH)R3 is oxidized during the regeneration reaction converting the oxidized cofactor back into the original reduced form thereof, R1, R2, and R3 in the compounds having different meanings.
Disclosed is a method for obtaining furan derivatives from D-glucose. In said method, A) D-glucose is transformed into D-fructose in an enzymatic process in which redox cofactors are used and regenerated, one of the two redox cofactors being obtained in the reduced form thereof and the other redox cofactor being obtained in the oxidized form thereof as a result of at least two additional enzymatically catalyzed redox reactions taking place in the same reaction batch, D-glucose being transformed into D-fructose with the aid of two or more oxidoreductases, and B) D-fructose is converted into furan derivatives. The use of furan derivatives produced in said manner is also disclosed.
Disclosed is a method for enzymatically regenerating the redox confactors NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in a one-pot reaction. In said method, one of the two redox cofactors is obtained in the reduced form thereof while the other redox cofactor is obtained in the oxidized form thereof as a result of at least two additional enzymatically catalyzed redox reactions (product forming reactions) taking place in the same reaction batch. The disclosed method is characterized in that a) oxygen or a compound of general formula R1C(O)COOH is reduced during the regeneration reaction converting the reduced cofactor back into the original oxidized form thereof, and b) a compound of general formula R2CH(OH)R3 is oxidized during the regeneration reaction converting the oxidized cofactor back into the original reduced form thereof, R1, R2, and R3 in the compounds having different meanings.
Disclosed is a method for obtaining furan derivatives from D-glucose. In said method, A) D-glucose is transformed into D-fructose in an enzymatic process in which redox cofactors are used and regenerated, one of the two redox cofactors being obtained in the reduced form thereof and the other redox cofactor being obtained in the oxidized form thereof as a result of at least two additional enzymatically catalyzed redox reactions taking place in the same reaction batch, D-glucose being transformed into D-fructose with the aid of two or more oxidoreductases, and B) D-fructose is converted into furan derivatives. The use of furan derivatives produced in said manner is also disclosed.
Process for the production of polyols comprising the steps i) preparing lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol, in particular with a C1-4 alcohol, in particular ethanol, isopropanol; water and a base (1), in particular a hydroxide, in particular Na OH, at a temperature below 100°C, in particular from 40°C to 90°C, in particular from 50°C to 70°C, ii) reacting lignin obtained in i) with an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated epoxide, in particular an alkylene oxide, in particular ethylene oxide or propylene oxide in the presence of a base (2), and iii) isolating the polyols obtained, the use of polyols obtained or obtainable by such process, and oxypropylated lignin obtained or obtainable by such process.
Process for obtaining resin or synthetic material using lignocellulosic material by treating lignocellulosic material with an aqueous extraction solution with a content of a C1-4-alcohol of 70% v/v to 95% v/v at a pH of 12 to 14, where a first aqueous solution of low molecular weight lignin (LML) is obtained which is converted to resin or synthetic material; and a process for obtaining LML and a process for concentrating LML where the first aqueous solution of LML is used for treating further lignocellulosic material to obtain aqueous solutions in which the LML is enriched compared with the first aqueous solution.
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 3/03 - Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
C08L 97/00 - Compositions of lignin-containing materials
61.
METHOD FOR REPROCESSING AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING LIGNIN
The invention relates to a method for reprocessing an aqueous, alkaline alcoholic solution containing lignin by means of nanofiltration (membrane materials MU1 - MU5), wherein a permeate and a retentate are obtained, which permeate is an aqueous lignin-depleted solution (retention rate on the y axis) and which retentate is an aqueous lignin-enriched solution.
Process for obtaining resin or synthetic material using lignocellulosic material by treating lignocellulosic material with an aqueous extraction solution with a content of a C1-4-alcohol of 70% v/v to 95% v/v at a pH of 12 to 14, where a first aqueous solution of low molecular weight lignin (LML) is obtained which is converted to resin or synthetic material; and a process for obtaining LML and a process for concentrating LML where the first aqueous solution of LML is used for treating further lignocellulosic material to obtain aqueous solutions in which the LML is enriched compared with the first aqueous solution.
C07G 1/00 - Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
C08J 3/03 - Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08L 97/00 - Compositions of lignin-containing materials
A method of obtaining an aqueous solution of an alkali acetate from lignocellulose, wherein lignocellulose is treated with a first aqueous extraction solution having a pH value in the range of 12 to 14 and a content of a C1-4 alcohol, in particular ethanol or isopropanol, in the range of 40% to 90%, in particular of from 75% to 85%, whereby a first aqueous solution of an alkali acetate is obtained, and wherein said first solution of an alkali acetate is used to treat additional lignocellulose in order to enrich additional acetate in said first solution.
Method for obtaining an aqueous solution of an alkali acetate from lignocellulose, wherein lignocellulose is treated with a first aqueous extraction solution having a pH value of 12 and 14 and containing a C1-4 alcohol, in particular ethanol or isopropanol, of 40% to 90%, more particularly 75% to 85%, wherein a first aqueous solution of an alkali acetate is obtained, and this first solution of an alkali acetate is used to treat additional lignocellulose in order to enrich the first solution with alkali acetate.
1-4-alcohol or a phenol, and having a pH-value of between 11.0 and 14.0 in order to cleave lignocellulose and separate cleavage products from the material, whereby a material enriched with cellulose and hemicellulose is obtained, and the obtained material enriched with cellulose and hemicellulose is treated with at least one carbohydrate-cleaving enzyme in order to obtain the carbohydrate cleavage products.
Method for producing lignin derivatives from technical lignins by treatment with proteolytic enzymes (proteases), characterized in that the proteolytic treatment of the technical lignins significantly decreases the molecular mass thereof.
Method for producing lignin derivatives from technical lignins by treatment with proteolytic enzymes (proteases), characterized in that the proteolytic treatment of the technical lignins significantly decreases the molecular mass thereof.
Method for production of lignin which is characterized in that acid is added to an alkaline, alcoholic solution of lignin and the precipitated lignin is separated off and optionally alcohol is removed from the filtrate for producing further lignin; and also a method for preparing a concentrated lignin-containing alkaline, alcoholic solution of lignin by membrane filtration; the use of the lignin produced; and the production of hydroxycinnamic acids from the solution from which the lignin was separated off.
The invention relates to a method for the production of erythritol, in which erythrose is reduced to erythritol using a NADPH-specific enzyme, wherein the enzyme is an erythrose reductase which was isolated from the group of saprophytes selected from the strains of Hypocrea, Gibberella, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Hereby it is possible to produce erythritol in high yields.
Method for recovering lignin from lignocellulosic material by digestion with alcohol, more particularly with a C1-4 alcohol, water and a base, more particularly NaOH, at a temperature of below 100°C, more particularly from 40°C to 90°C, more particularly from 50°C to 70°C, characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base, more particularly 4 to 10 parts of base, with more particular preference 5 to 8 parts of base, are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be digested.
A process for the production of carbohydrate cleavage products, characterized by a combination of the measures that a lignocellulosic material is treated with an aqueous solution containing an alcohol, in particular a C1-4-alcohol or a phenol, and having a pH-value of between 11.0 and 14.0 in order to cleave lignocellulose and separate cleavage products from the material, whereby a material enriched with cellulose and hemicellulose is obtained, and the obtained material enriched with cellulose and hemicellulose is treated with at least one carbohydrate-cleaving enzyme in order to obtain the carbohydrate cleavage products.
The invention relates to a method for producing carbohydrate cleavage products, characterized by the combination of the measures in which lignocellulosic material having an aqueous solution that contains an alcohol, in particular a C1-4 alcohol or a phenol, and has a pH between 11.0 and 14.0 is treated in order to cleave lignocellulose and to remove cleavage products from the material, a material enriched with cellulose and hemicellulose being obtained, and the obtained material enriched with cellulose and hemicellulose being treated with at least one carbohydrate-cleaving enzyme in order to obtain the carbohydrate cleavage products.
The invention relates to a method for producing carbohydrate cleavage products, characterized by a combination of the following measures: lignocellulosic material is treated with an aqueous solution that contains hydrogen peroxide, an alcohol, in particular a C1-4 alcohol or a phenol, and a base, in order to oxidatively cleave lignocellulose and to separate the cleavage products from the material. According to the invention, a material enriched with cellulose and hemicellulose is obtained, and the material obtained, which is enriched with cellulose and hemicellulose, is treated with a carbohyrate-cleaving enzyme in order to obtain the carbohydrate cleavage products.
