Abstract

A method for producing a lightweight ceramic aggregate, particularly from coal ash, according to the invention is characterized in that the raw material mixture of the total moisture content preferably below 20% by weight consisting of power station ashes originating from combusting coal, or ashes from combusting coal in a mixture with biomass ash, or ashes from co-combusting biomass with coal and phosphogypsum in an amount of up to 50% by weight, taken from dumps and/or from direct dump from a power station or a heat and power station, the raw materials from the dumps preferably being heated up in winter by a mixture of atmospheric air and exhaust gases from the step of burning and sintering, with a content of non-burnt coal above 6% by weight, agglomeration promoting agents like silty non-organic materials, preferably bentonite, preferably in an amount of up to 4% by weight, clay preferably up to 6% by weight, organic waste materials like used paints and lacquers, after-fermentation sludge in an amount preferably of up to 10% by weight, and after-coal mining waste materials in an amount preferably of up to 50% by weight, the mixture being completed with dust separated from exhaust gases produced during the step of burning and sintering, is fed to preferably at least one of two or more granulating disks, or in a cascade-type manner to at least two granulating disks, where it is sprayed with water, preferably in a form of a mist, to the total moisture content preferably below 30% by weight. Next, the screened fraction of grains of the granularity of preferably 6-30 mm, is subjected to counterflow drying in the heat of a mixture of the atmospheric air and cooled exhaust gases from the step of burning and sintering, the cooled exhaust gases having the temperature below the ignition temperature of the granulated material. The dried granulated material is subjected to burning and sintering in a co-flow rotary oven with radial air supply, with filling the oven with the granulated material preferably above 50% of its volume without adding any external fuel. Next, the burnt granulated material is subjected to a non-membrane atmospheric air cooling process in a crossed arrangement in a cooling bed, preferably of a transporter or grate type, the cold air being fed to the cooling bed into its specific cooling zone in such an amount that its mixture with the exhaust gases led out from the oven is suitable for drying the granulated material in the drier, for heating up, particularly in the winter, the raw materials taken from the dumps, and for feeding the nozzles radially delivering hot gases into the rotary oven. Finally, the granulated material cooled down preferably to a temperature below 100° C. is transported to the storage yard for the final product, where the aggregate is sorted into trade fractions, round aggregate, and the overgrains, which, after crushing and re-sorting is a crushed aggregate. A system for producing a lightweight ceramic aggregate, particularly from coal ash according to the invention is characterized in that it is composed of a transporting-sorting device (1) acquiring coal ashes or ashes from combusting coal mixed with biomass ashes, or ashes from co-combusting biomass, coal and phosphogypsum preferably in an amount of up to 50% by weight, from dumps, the device (1) cooperating with an excavator (2), preferably a multibucket excavator, which, by means of a weighting conveyor (3), transfers the batch material to a transporting device, preferably a paddle-type device with a heating functionality, also playing a role of a stirrer and an initial shredder (4), from where the mixture is transported to an intermediate container (5) with a weighting functionality by means of a vertical conveyor, preferably a screw conveyor with a transporting belt without the central shaft, where also the stream of the separated granulated material is directed from granulators (6) as well as the dusts from the dust collector (7), preferably a cyclone, removed from the stream of the gases heating up the batch in the transporting conveyor (4), preferably a paddle conveyor. Further, the mixture of the raw materials is fed, through a magnetic separator (8) of metallic contaminants, two-stage crushing assembly (9), preferably composed of two drum crushers, correspondingly (9.1) and (9.2), and an inter-operation one board relieving screen (9.3), to a stirrer (10), preferably a screw stirrer, preferably a two shaft stirrer, and completed with agglomeration promoting agents taken from storage silos (11) and weighted in the weighting conveyor (12) and then moistened by water supply (13). Further, through a moisture content meter (14), by means of a dosing conveyor (15), preferably a screw conveyor, the mixture enters a system of granulators (6), preferably disk granulators, on the surface of which it is moistened by mist from water nozzles (16), and then, after overflowing over the side walls of the disks of the granulators (6), it is directed to a screen (17), from which overgrains and undergrains are returned to the intermediate container (5), whereas the grains of appropriate size are transported by a distributing conveyor (18) to the highest shelf of the drier (19), preferably a known counterflow drier with movable shelves according to P393175, wherein the drying agent are exhaust gases from the burning and sintering process in the sintering device (21), cooled down by atmospheric air in the cooling bed (20). Further from the drier (19) the grains are led to the chute of the sintering device (21), preferably a known rotary oven according to patent 196842, from where they pour over a pile-up baffle (21A) of the sintering device (21) to the cooling bed (20) and further through the final conveyor (25) to the storage yard (26).

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• C04B 18/08 - Flue dust
• C04B 18/10 - Burned refuse
• C04B 18/12 - Waste materialsRefuse from quarries, mining or the like
• C04B 18/16 - Waste materialsRefuse from building or ceramic industry
• B01J 2/14 - Processes or devices for granulating materials, in generalRendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic in rotating dishes or pans
• C04B 35/447 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on phosphates
• F27B 7/20 - Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for rotary-drum furnaces
• B02C 7/00 - Crushing or disintegrating by disc mills
• C04B 35/64 - Burning or sintering processes

Abstract

A method for producing a lightweight ceramic aggregate is described in that the raw material mixture consisting of power station ashes originating from combusting coal, or ashes from combusting coal in a mixture with biomass ash, or ashes from co-combusting biomass with coal and phosphogypsum in an amount of up to 50% by weight, taken from dumps and/or from direct dump from a power station or a heat and power station with a content of non-burnt coal above 6% by weight, agglomeration promoting agents, clay preferably up to 6% by weight, organic waste materials in an amount preferably of up to 10% by weight, and after-coal mining waste materials, the mixture being completed with dust separated from exhaust gases produced during burning and sintering is granulated, screened, dried and subsequently burned and sintered. A system for producing said lightweight ceramic aggregate is also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• F27B 7/20 - Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for rotary-drum furnaces
• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials

Abstract

A counter-current shaft dryer with moving drawers for drying agglomerates of a small mechanical strength having a vertical, preferably a rectangular shaft (1), which comprises a top, at least one, preferably a two-level charging zone (2), a multi-level drying zone (3), preferably comprising from two thru six levels and a bottom, at least one, preferably a two-level discharging zone (4). An inlet stub pipe or inlet collector (5) of drying gases is situated between the bottom discharging zone (4) and the drying zone (3). An outlet stub pipe or outlet collector (6) of moist gases is situated between the drying zone (3) and the top charging zone (2). Shelves (8) of the charging zone (2) and shelves (10) of the discharging zone (4) are made of a number of rectangular not perforated sheet metal plates. Shelves (9) of the drying zone (3) are made of a number of rectangular perforated sheet metal plates. Every rectangular metal sheet plate shelf (8), (9) and (10) is attached along its long edge to parallel pins (11) mounted swivelling to walls of the shaft (1), transverse against the axis of the shaft (1) ·

IPC Classes  ?

• F26B 17/14 - Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
• F26B 25/00 - Details of general application not covered by group or

Abstract

A counter-current shaft dryer with moving drawers for drying agglomerates of a small mechanical strength having a vertical, preferably a rectangular shaft, which comprises a top, at least one, preferably a two-level charging zone, a multi-level drying zone, preferably comprising from two thru six levels and a bottom, at least one, preferably a two-level discharging zone. An inlet stub pipe or inletcollector of drying gases is situated between the bottom discharging zone and the drying zone. An outlet stub pipe or outlet collector of moist gases is situated between the drying zone and the top charging zone. Shelves of the charging zone and shelves of the discharging zone are made of a number of rectangular not perforated sheet metal plates. Shelves of the drying zone are made of a number ofrectangular perforated sheet metal plates. Everyrectangular metal sheet plate shelf, and is attached along its long edge to parallel pins mounted swiveling to walls of the shaft, transverse against the axis of the shaft.

IPC Classes  ?

• F26B 17/26 - Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating conveyors propelling materials over stationary surfacesMachines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating shelves, sieves or trays
• F26B 25/00 - Details of general application not covered by group or