A method for removing metal salts from alkylaromatic oxidate streams used for alkene oxide production, or used in the co-production of propylene oxide and styrene monomer (“POSM”), and methods for caustic washing of oxidate streams formed in these processes. The concentration of metal salts carried over from a caustic washing may be reduced by washing the organic phase resulting from the caustic wash with water in the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 may be provided in any form, such as gaseous CO2, dry ice, carbonated water, supercritical (liquid) CO2, or any other suitable form.
C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
Methods and systems for removing or reducing water and producing epoxide. The methods may include providing a first mixture that includes /-butyl hydroperoxide, /-butyl alcohol, and a first amount of water; and contacting at least a portion of the first mixture with a membrane to reduce the amount of water in the first mixture.
C07D 301/19 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides
4.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REMOVING OR REDUCING WATER IN MIXTURES THAT INCLUDE T-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE
Methods and systems for removing or reducing water and producing epoxide. The methods may include providing a first mixture that includes t-butyl hydroperoxide, t-butyl alcohol, and a first amount of water; and contacting at least a portion of the first mixture with a membrane to reduce the amount of water in the first mixture.
C07D 301/19 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
A skeletal isomerization process for isomerizing olefins is described. The process utilizes added hydrogen as a diluent to extend the isomerization catalyst's lifetime and increase the yield of skeletal isomer products compared to process that utilize inert gas diluents. The methods of this disclosure can be applied to feeds containing iso-olefins (for the production of linear olefins) or linear olefins (for the production of iso-olefins).
Disclosed herein are hydrogen peroxide solutions in non-aqueous solvents and processes for manufacturing the non-aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions starting from an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. Exemplary non-aqueous solvents include alcohols such as tert-butyl alcohol. It has been discovered that when tert-butyl alcohol and an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution are combined in certain ratios, and water from this mixture is removed by an azeotropic distillation, tert-butyl alcohol-based hydrogen peroxide solution comprising less than 1 wt % water are readily achieved.
Disclosed herein are hydrogen peroxide solutions in non-aqueous solvents and processes for manufacturing the non-aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions starting from an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. Exemplary non-aqueous solvents include alcohols such as tert-butyl alcohol. It has been discovered that when tert-butyl alcohol and an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution are combined in certain ratios, and water from this mixture is removed by an azeotropic distillation, tert-butyl alcohol-based hydrogen peroxide solution comprising less than 1 wt% water are readily achieved.
A process for the production of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde is described. The process comprises reacting allyl alcohol with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of methylcyclohexane as a reaction solvent and a catalyst system comprising a rhodium complex and a substituted or unsubstituted diphosphine ligand. The use of the methylcyclohexane increases the reaction rate while also giving a high yield of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde compared to 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde and improving the separation of the hydroxyaldehyde products from the catalyst system.
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
A process for the production of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde is described. The process comprises reacting allyl alcohol with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of methylcyclohexane as a reaction solvent and a catalyst system comprising a rhodium complex and a substituted or unsubstituted diphosphine ligand. The use of the methylcyclohexane increases the reaction rate while also giving a high yield of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde compared to 3-hydroxy- 2-methylpropionaldehyde and improving the separation of the hydroxy aldehyde products from the catalyst system.
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
C07C 47/19 - Saturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to hydrogen containing hydroxy groups
C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
A skeletal isomerization process for isomerizing olefins is described. The process includes the steps of feeding an olefin-containing feed to a reactor having an isomerization catalyst with a small crystalline size that is less than 1 pm in all directions. The small crystalline size increases the life of the catalyst and the yield of skeletal isomer products, as well as reducing the formation of heavy C5+ olefin byproducts, as compared to processes using conventional catalyst with crystalline sizes of 1 µm or more.
A skeletal isomerization process for isomerizing olefins is described. The process includes the steps of feeding an olefin-containing feed to a reactor at a space velocity of 1-100 hr-1 for a first period of time at a first temperature, followed by discontinuing, or stopping, the olefin- containing feed for a second period of time while maintaining the reactor at a second temperature, before resuming the flow of the olefin-containing feed for a third period of time. The methods of this disclosure increase the yield of the skeletal isomers product while reducing the production of C5+ heavy olefins. Additionally, the methods of this disclosure can be applied to feeds containing iso-olefins (for the production of linear olefins) or linear olefins (for the production of iso-olefins).
−1 for a first period of time at a first temperature, followed by discontinuing, or stopping, the olefin-containing feed for a second period of time while maintaining the reactor at a second temperature, before resuming the flow of the olefin-containing feed for a third period of time. The methods of this disclosure increase the yield of the skeletal isomers product while reducing the production of C5+ heavy olefins. Additionally, the methods of this disclosure can be applied to feeds containing iso-olefins (for the production of linear olefins) or linear olefins (for the production of iso-olefins).
A process of co-feeding gaseous ethylene with liquid allyl alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to produce 1,4-butanediol and n-propanol may include: introducing a gaseous mixture of ethylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen into a reactor in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst in a solvent; introducing liquid allyl alcohol (AA) into the reactor; and carrying out hydroformylation reaction at a temperature between 50 and 100° C. to obtain hydroformylation products.
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
C07C 29/00 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
C07C 29/158 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals, platinum group metals, or compounds thereof containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof containing rhodium or compounds thereof
15.
CO-FEEDING ETHYLENE WITH ALLYL ALCOHOL IN HYDROFORMYLATION TO MAKE 1,4-BUTANEDIOL AND N-PROPANOL
A process of co-feeding gaseous ethylene with liquid allyl alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to produce 1,4-butanediol and n-propanol may include: introducing a gaseous mixture of ethylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen into a reactor in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst in a solvent; introducing liquid allyl alcohol (AA) into the reactor; and carrying out hydroformylation reaction at a temperature between 50 and 100°C to obtain hydroformylation products.
Disclosed herein is a process for upgrading a raffinate butene (C4 Raffinate) stream to propylene which can produce polymer grade propylene (PGP) by a metathesis process, without consuming fresh ethylene as a feedstock. By recycling ethylene byproduct in the metathesis equilibrium, propylene selectivity can be further improved without negatively impacting butene conversion. Additionally, upon PGP separation, this technology can provide an effluent acceptable for alkylate production by achieving a balanced butene conversion and heavies coproduction. The disclosed process is a relatively low temperature process which can be deployed as a drop-in option for conventional ethylene/butene metathesis unit and provide additional flexibility to existing operations to balance the supply and demand of C2-C4 light olefins.
Disclosed herein is a process for upgrading a raffinate butene (C4 Raffinate) stream to propylene which can produce polymer grade propylene (PGP) by a metathesis process, without consuming fresh ethylene as a feedstock. By recycling ethylene byproduct in the metathesis equilibrium, propylene selectivity can be further improved without negatively impacting butene conversion. Additionally, upon PGP separation, this technology can provide an effluent acceptable for alkylate production by achieving a balanced butene conversion and heavies coproduction. The disclosed process is a relatively low temperature process which can be deployed as a drop-in option for conventional ethylene/butene metathesis unit and provide additional flexibility to existing operations to balance the supply and demand of C2-C4 light olefins.
C07C 29/84 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation by extractive distillation
C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration
C07C 29/14 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group
19.
GLYCERIN-ONLY REACTION FOR ALLYL ALCOHOL PRODUCTION
C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration
C07C 33/03 - Acyclic alcohols with carbon-to-carbon double bonds with only one double bond in beta-position, e.g. allyl alcohol, methallyl alcohol
C07C 45/52 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition by dehydration and rearrangement involving two hydroxy groups in the same molecule
C07C 29/17 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
C07C 31/10 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing three carbon atoms
Improved systems and methods for producing propylene from olefins including isobutylene is disclosed. The improvements combine streams containing co-produced 1-butene, 2- butene, butadiene, and heavy olefins (C5+) exiting both a metathesis reactor and a skeletal isomerization reactor in a gasoline fractionation tower to remove the heavy olefins. The C4- containing distillate from the gasoline fractionation tower is then fed to a hydroisomerization unit to form mono-olefins and 2-butene. The resulting 2-butene rich stream can then be utilized in metathesis reactions to increase the production of propylene while increasing the lifetime of the metathesis catalyst.
Methods for preparing molybdenum-based catalyst for epoxidation reactions using MPG sourced from a propylene oxide/styrene monomer (POSM) production process are described. Streams exiting from the POSM reactor are combined and separated to isolate an aqueous-based, MPG-containing purge stream from other recoverable byproducts of the POSM process. This MPG-containing purge stream is then used as is in the catalyst preparation of molybdenum-based catalyst for epoxidation. Alternatively, the MPG-containing purge stream can undergo additional purification treatments before being utilized in the catalyst preparation.
C07D 301/19 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides
Improved systems and methods for producing propylene from olefins including isobutylene is disclosed. The improvements combine streams containing co-produced 1-butene, 2-butene, butadiene, and heavy olefins (C5+) exiting both a metathesis reactor and a skeletal isomerization reactor in a gasoline fractionation tower to remove the heavy olefins. The C4-containing distillate from the gasoline fractionation tower is then fed to a hydroisomerization unit to form mono-olefins and 2-butene. The resulting 2-butene rich stream can then be utilized in metathesis reactions to increase the production of propylene while increasing the lifetime of the metathesis catalyst.
C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives
C07C 6/02 - Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond
C07C 5/13 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation with simultaneous isomerisation
C07C 5/25 - Migration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds
C07C 5/23 - Rearrangement of carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
C07C 5/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
C07C 5/03 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
Methods for preparing molybdenum-based catalyst for epoxidation reactions using MPG sourced from a propylene oxide/styrene monomer (POSM) production process are described. Streams exiting from the POSM reactor are combined and separated to isolate an aqueous-based, MPG-containing purge stream from other recoverable byproducts of the POSM process. This MPG-containing purge stream is then used as is in the catalyst preparation of molybdenum-based catalyst for epoxidation. Alternatively, the MPG-containing purge stream can undergo additional purification treatments before being utilized in the catalyst preparation.
A low temperature on-purpose propylene production method is described. The method includes autometathesis of butene streams without an initial ethylene feedstock stream using supported autometathesis catalysts that are active at low temperatures. The low temperature allows for liquid phase reactions, which increases the selective production of propylene. The lack of an initial ethylene feedstock stream and low reaction temperature also reduces coking on the autometathesis catalysts, thus extending its lifetime.
Methods of preparing titanated silica catalysts, and titanated silica catalysts. The titanated silica catalysts may include a silica support, which may include spherical beads. Methods of olefin epoxidation, which may include contacting an olefin with a titanated silica catalyst in the presence of an oxidant.
B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
C07D 301/19 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides
26.
TITANATED CATALYSTS, METHODS OF PREPARING TITANATED CATALYSTS, AND METHODS OF EPOXIDATION
Methods of preparing titanated silica catalysts and titanated silica catalysts are presented. The titanated silica catalysts may include a silica support, which may include spherical beads. The spherical silica beads may have an average diameter of about 0.1 mm to about 5 mm Methods of olefin epoxidation, which may include contacting an olefin with a titanated silica catalyst in the presence of an oxidant.
C07D 301/19 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides
B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
Methods of preparing titanated silica catalysts, and titanated silica catalysts. The titanated silica catalysts may include a silica support, which may include spherical beads. Methods of olefin epoxidation, which may include contacting an olefin with a titanated silica catalyst in the presence of an oxidant.
Methods of preparing titanated silica catalysts and titanated silica catalysts are presented. The titanated silica catalysts may include a silica support, which may include spherical beads. The spherical silica beads may have an average diameter of about 0.1 mm to about 5 mm Methods of olefin epoxidation, which may include contacting an olefin with a titanated silica catalyst in the presence of an oxidant.
C07D 301/12 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxides or peracids
A process for selectively producing 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde from allyl alcohol is described. The process comprises reacting allyl alcohol with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst system comprising a rhodium complex and a trans-1,2-bis (bis(3,4,5-tri-n-alkylphenyl) phosphinomethyl)-cyclobutane. The process gives high yield of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde compared to temperature.
C07C 43/178 - Unsaturated ethers containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
Methods of drying streams that include propylene oxide. The methods may include contacting a stream that includes propylene oxide with molecular sieves. The molecular sieves may be in a drying unit, and may be regenerated. The streams that include propylene oxide may include one or more other organic compounds.
Methods of drying streams that include propylene oxide. The methods may include contacting a stream that includes propylene oxide with molecular sieves. The molecular sieves may be in a drying unit, and may be regenerated. The streams that include propylene oxide may include one or more other organic compounds.
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
Methods and systems for recovering materials from streams from processes for the co-production of propylene oxide and styrene monomer. The processes may permit the recovery of products, such a mono-propylene glycol, or the recycling of products, such as α-methyl benzyl alcohol.
C07C 45/82 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
C07C 45/83 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation by extractive distillation
Methods and systems for recovering materials from streams from processes for the co¬ production of propylene oxide and styrene monomer. The processes may permit the recovery of products, such a mono-propylene glycol, or the recycling of products, such as a-methyl benzyl alcohol.
Methods of improving the selectivity of selective hydrogenation of residual 1,3-butadiene in a C4 fraction of a hydrocarbon raffinate stream in a fixed-bed reactor are described. The methods may include co-feeding a competitive chemical species that increases the mechanistic selectivity to 1- and 2-butenes while increasing isomerization selectivity to 2-butene in the product stream. The hydrogenation reactor and competitive chemical species conditions may be tailored to selectively produce butenes over butane or iso-butane, where the butenes comprise 1-butene and/or 2-butene.
C07C 7/163 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound by hydrogenation
Epoxidation methods and catalyst are described herein. The epoxidation catalysts generally include a metal component including silver and a support material including kaolinite, wherein the epoxidation catalyst includes less than 55 wt. % metal component.
B01J 23/68 - Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
B01J 23/89 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
B01J 31/26 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups
B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
C07D 301/03 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
C07D 301/10 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
36.
High linear selectivity ligand for allyl alcohol hydroformylation
A process for selectively producing 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde from allyl alcohol is described. The process comprises reacting allyl alcohol with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst system comprising a rhodium complex and a trans-1,2-bis(bis(3,4,5-tri-n-alkylphenyl)phosphinomethyl)-cyclobutane. The process gives high yield of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde compared to temperature.
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
B01J 23/46 - Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
C07F 9/28 - Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
C07C 47/19 - Saturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to hydrogen containing hydroxy groups
37.
Methods and apparatuses for purifying crude propane
Systems and methods for purifying crude propane streams are provided herein. For example, in some embodiments, methods are provided including passing a crude propane stream to a fixed bed reactor containing a Beta zeolite configured to reduce the propylene oxide content of the crude propane stream and produce a propylene-treated stream and contacting the propylene-treated stream with an acetaldehyde scavenger to produce a treated propane stream. In some embodiments, methods are provided including passing a crude propane stream through a water wash system to provide a treated propane stream having a lower propylene oxide content, a lower acetaldehyde content, or both.
C07C 7/13 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique
B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
An aviation gasoline composition having: from about 70 vol% to about 80 vol% isooctane; from about 5 vol% to about 9 vol% isopentane; from about 10 vol% to about 20 vol% of one or more dialkyl ether; and from about 1 vol% to about 5 vol% of one or more alcohol, from about 0.02. vol% to about 0.07 vol% of one or more octane enhancer such as MMT, and, optionally, one or more additives selected from the group consisting of: antioxidants, anti-icing agents, antistatic additives, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, lubricants, and mixtures thereof, wherein the aviation gasoline has a motor octane number of at least 99.6.
Provided are methods of treating a mixture, such as a hydrocarbon mixture, that includes one or more C2-C4 carbonyl containing organic compounds. The methods may include contacting a hydrocarbon mixture with an aqueous liquid including an agent. The agent may reduce the amount of one or more C2-C4 carbonyl containing organic compounds in the mixture.
23225322), or (vi) a combination thereof; wherein the one or more C2-C4 carbonyl-containing organic compounds comprise propanal, propenal, butanone, butenone, butanal, butenal, or a combination thereof. The methods may include contacting a hydrocarbon mixture with an aqueous liquid including an agent. The agent may reduce the amount of one or more C2-C4 carbonyl containing organic compounds in the mixture.
C07C 7/148 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
C07C 7/17 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound with acids or sulfur oxides
C07C 7/152 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound by forming adducts or complexes
Methods of reducing a phosphorus content of a liquid hydrocarbon. The liquid hydrocarbon may be co-fed with an olefin to an alkylation unit to produce a low-phosphorus content liquid hydrocarbon product.
A method of producing one or more glycerol ethers, the method comprising contacting glycerol and tertiary butanol (TBA) in the presence of an acidic catalyst to produce one or more glycerol ethers selected from mono-tert butyl glycerol ethers, di-tert butyl glycerol ethers, tri-tert butyl glycerol ethers, or a combination thereof; separating water and a stream comprising isobutylene, unreacted TBA, or a combination thereof from the one or more glycerol ethers; and recycling at least a portion of the stream comprising isobutylene, unreacted TBA, or a combination thereof to the contacting. Also disclosed is a process of co-producing isooctene, wherein the process involves contacting glycerol and tertiary butanol in the presence of a dehydrating catalyst and dimerizing/oligomerizing the dehydrated products in the presence of an oligomerizing catalyst to form isooctene, a precursor of isooctane and isomers thereof.
A method of producing one or more glycerol ethers, the method comprising contacting glycerol and tertiary butanol (TBA) in the presence of an acidic catalyst to produce one or more glycerol ethers selected from mono-tert butyl glycerol ethers, di-tert butyl glycerol ethers, tri-tert butyl glycerol ethers, or a combination thereof; separating water and a stream comprising isobutylene, unreacted TBA, or a combination thereof from the one or more glycerol ethers; and recycling at least a portion of the stream comprising isobutylene, unreacted TBA, or a combination thereof to the contacting. Also disclosed is a process of co-producing isooctene, wherein the process involves contacting glycerol and tertiary butanol in the presence of a dehydrating catalyst and dimerizing/oligomerizing the dehydrated products in the presence of an oligomerizing catalyst to form isooctene, a precursor of isooctane and isomers thereof.
Systems and methods for purifying crude propane streams are provided herein. For example, in some embodiments, methods are provided including passing a crude propane stream to a fixed bed reactor containing a Beta zeolite configured to reduce the propylene oxide content of the crude propane stream and produce a propylene-treated stream and contacting the propylene-treated stream with an acetaldehyde scavenger to produce a treated propane stream. In some embodiments, methods are provided including passing a crude propane stream through a water wash system to provide a treated propane stream having a lower propylene oxide content, a lower acetaldehyde content, or both.
C07C 7/13 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique
C07C 7/148 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
Systems and methods for purifying crude propane streams are provided herein. For example, in some embodiments, methods are provided including passing a crude propane stream to a fixed bed reactor containing a Beta zeolite configured to reduce the propylene oxide content of the crude propane stream and produce a propylene-treated stream and contacting the propylene-treated stream with an acetaldehyde scavenger to produce a treated propane stream. In some embodiments, methods are provided including passing a crude propane stream through a water wash system to provide a treated propane stream having a lower propylene oxide content, a lower acetaldehyde content, or both.
C07C 7/08 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by distillation with the aid of auxiliary compounds by extractive distillation
C07C 7/148 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
Methods of forming propylene and alkylate are provided. The methods may include providing a stream that includes n-butenes, and contacting the stream with ethylene in the presence of a disproportionation catalyst to form a stream that includes propylene. Propylene then may be removed from the stream, and the stream may be disposed in an alkylation unit to form alkylate.
C07C 2/36 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as phosphines, arsines, stilbines or bismuthines
C07C 6/04 - Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond
B01J 31/02 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
B01J 31/14 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
A method of producing dimethoxymethane oligomers (DMMn), the method comprising: reacting a formaldehyde source and dimethoxymethane monomer (DMM1) in the presence of an acidic catalyst to produce a reaction effluent comprising DMMn and unreacted DMM1; and separating, from the reaction effluent, DMM1-2 including unreacted DMM1 and DMMn having a chain length n equal to 2 (DMM2), dimethoxymethane oligomers having a chain length n in the range of from 2-5 (DMM2-5), dimethoxymethane oligomers having a chain length n of ≥5 (DMM5+), or a combination thereof, wherein the separating comprises distillation in the presence of at least one alcohol, a distillate fuel, or both.
C08G 4/00 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with polyalcoholsAddition polymers of heterocyclic oxygen compounds containing in the ring at least once the grouping —O—C—O—
C07C 41/58 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
C07C 41/56 - Preparation of compounds having groups by reactions producing groups by condensation of aldehydes, paraformaldehyde, or ketones
A method of producing dimethoxymethane oligomers (DMMn), the method comprising: reacting a formaldehyde source and dimethoxymethane monomer (DMM1) in the presence of an acidic catalyst to produce a reaction effluent comprising DMMn and unreacted DMM1; and separating, from the reaction effluent, DMM1-2 including unreacted DMM1 and DMMn having a chain length n equal to 2 (DMM2), dimethoxymethane oligomers having a chain length n in the range of from 2-5 (DMM2-5), dimethoxymethane oligomers having a chain length n of ≥ 5 (DMM5+), or a combination thereof, wherein the separating comprises distillation in the presence of at least one alcohol, a distillate fuel, or both.
A catalyst system for the conversion of glycerin to allyl alcohol, the catalyst system comprising: a rhenium compound selected from rhenium dioxide, rhenium trioxide, and a combination thereof. A method of producing allyl alcohol from glycerin via the catalyst system, the method comprising exposing glycerin to a temperature of greater than 140° C. in the presence of a catalyst comprising rhenium trioxide, rhenium dioxide, or a combination thereof to produce a product comprising allyl alcohol.
C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C07C 29/143 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones
C07C 33/03 - Acyclic alcohols with carbon-to-carbon double bonds with only one double bond in beta-position, e.g. allyl alcohol, methallyl alcohol
C07C 47/19 - Saturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to hydrogen containing hydroxy groups
50.
Producing BDO via hydroformylation of allyl alcohol made from glycerin
A method including hydroformylating, with syngas, allyl alcohol in an allyl alcohol feed, to produce a hydroformylation product comprising 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde; and producing a 1,4-butanediol (BDO) product comprising BDO and 1,3-methylpropanediol via hydrogenation of at least a portion of the hydroformylation product. A method including hydroformylating, with syngas, allyl alcohol in a feed comprising bio-allyl alcohol, to produce a hydroformylation product comprising 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde; and producing a BDO product comprising BDO and 1,3-methylpropanediol via hydrogenation of at least a portion of the hydroformylation product. A method including hydroformylating, with syngas, bio-allyl alcohol in a feed comprising bio-allyl alcohol, to produce a hydroformylation product comprising 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde; producing a BDO product comprising BDO and 1,3-methylpropanediol via hydrogenation of at least a portion of the hydroformylation product; and removing a byproduct of the production of the bio-allyl alcohol prior to hydroformylating the bio-allyl alcohol and/or from the BDO-product.
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration
B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C07C 29/143 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones
C07C 33/03 - Acyclic alcohols with carbon-to-carbon double bonds with only one double bond in beta-position, e.g. allyl alcohol, methallyl alcohol
C07C 47/19 - Saturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to hydrogen containing hydroxy groups
51.
PRODUCING BDO VIA HYDROFORMYLATION OF ALLYL ALCOHOL MADE FROM GLYCERIN
A method including hydroformylating, with syngas, ally] alcohol in an allyl alcohol feed, to produce a hydroformylation product comprising 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and 3-hydroxy-2- methylpropionaldehyde; and producing a 1,4-butanediol (BDO) product comprising BDO and 1,3- methylpropanediol via hydrogenation of at least a portion of the hydrofonnylation product. A method including hydroformylating, with syngas, allyl alcohol in a feed comprising bio-allyl alcohol, to produce a hydroformylation product comprising 4-hydroxybutyralderryde and 3- hydroxy-2-methylpropiona3dehyde; and producing a BDO product comprising BDO and 1,3- methylpropanediol via hydrogenation of at least a portion of the hydroformylation product. A method including hydroformylating, with syngas, bio-allyl alcohol in a feed comprising bio-allyl alcohol, to produce a hydroformylation product comprising 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and 3- hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde; producing a BDO product comprising BDO and 1,3- methylpropanediol via hydrogenation of at least a portion of the hydroformylation product; and removing a byproduct of the production of the bio-allyl alcohol prior to hydroformylating the bio- allyl alcohol and/or from the BDO-product.
C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
C07C 33/03 - Acyclic alcohols with carbon-to-carbon double bonds with only one double bond in beta-position, e.g. allyl alcohol, methallyl alcohol
C07C 47/19 - Saturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to hydrogen containing hydroxy groups
C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
4 hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof, and discharge a rich solvent bottoms stream comprising a majority of the propylene oxide entering via the heavies distillation column overhead stream. A propylene oxide purification method is also provided.
5+344 hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof, and discharge a rich solvent bottoms stream comprising a majority of the propylene oxide entering via the heavies distillation column overhead stream. A propylene oxide purification method is also provided.
A composition comprising a distillate fuel, an oligomer portion comprising at least one dimethoxymethane oligomer, and a stabilizer comprising one or more alcohols. A composition comprising a distillate fuel, and an oligomer portion comprising at least one dimethoxymethane oligomer, DMMn, wherein n is less than 3 and/or greater than 4. A composition comprising a distillate fuel, and less than 10 volume percent of an oligomer portion, wherein the oligomer portion comprises at least one dimethoxymethane oligomer. A method comprising separating, from a mixture of DMMn oligomers, one or more DMMn fractions comprising oligomers of a desired chain length n, and combining a desired amount of one or more of the separated DMMn fractions with a distillate fuel to provide a fuel composition. A composition comprising a distillate fuel that includes renewable distillate fuel, DMMn and/or alcohol.
Methods of producing at least one of ethylene and propylene. The methods may include contacting a mixture of C4+ compounds with a catalyst to convert at least a portion of the C4+ compounds to at least one of ethylene and propylene. The catalyst can include a phosphorus treated zeolite, and the mixture of C4+ compounds can include at least one of t-butyl alcohol and methyl t-butyl ether.
C07C 1/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by reduction
Methods of producing at least one of ethylene and propylene. The methods may include contacting a mixture of C4+ compounds with a catalyst to convert at least a portion of the C4+ compounds to at least one of ethylene and propylene. The catalyst can include a phosphorus treated zeolite, and the mixture of C4+ compounds can include at least one of t-butyl alcohol and methyl t-butyl ether.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
Methods of producing propylene and/or ethylene. The methods can include contacting a mixture of C4+ compounds with a catalyst, such as a fixed bed catalyst, that includes a phosphorus treated zeolite. The mixture of C4+ compounds can include a plurality of C4 olefins, a plurality of C5 olefins, and/or a plurality of C6+ olefins.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
Methods of producing propylene and/or ethylene. The methods can include contacting a mixture of C4+ compounds with a catalyst, such as a fixed bed catalyst, that includes a phosphorus treated zeolite. The mixture of C4+ compounds can include a plurality of C4 olefins, a plurality of C5 olefins, and/or a plurality of C6+ olefins.
C07C 4/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
A composition comprising a distillate fuel, an oligomer portion comprising at least one dimethoxymethane oligomer, and a stabilizer comprising one or more alcohols. A composition comprising a distillate fuel, and an oligomer portion comprising at least one dimethoxymethane oligomer, DMMn, wherein n is less than 3 and/or greater than 4. A composition comprising a distillate fuel, and less than 10 volume percent of an oligomer portion, wherein the oligomer portion comprises at least one dimethoxymethane oligomer. A method comprising separating, from a mixture of DMMn oligomers, one or more DMMn fractions comprising oligomers of a desired chain length n, and combining a desired amount of one or more of the separated DMMn fractions with a distillate fuel to provide a fuel composition. A composition comprising a distillate fuel that includes renewable distillate fuel, DMMn and/or alcohol.
The present disclosure relates to a method including subjecting an organic stream comprising at least one oxygenate to hydrotreatment, whereby a hydro treatment product comprising ethylbenzene is produced, wherein the organic stream, is a product of a process for the production of propylene oxide; and separating an ethylbenzene product stream from the hydrotreatment product, to yield a residual stream.
C07C 1/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by reduction
C07D 301/19 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides
61.
By-product stream upgrading in a propylene oxide/styrene coproduction process
The present disclosure relates to a method including subjecting an organic stream comprising at least one oxygenate to hydrotreatment, whereby a hydrotreatment product comprising ethylbenzene is produced, wherein the organic stream is a product of a process for the production of propylene oxide; and separating an ethylbenzene product stream from the hydrotreatment product, to yield a residual stream.
C07C 5/56 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with an acceptor system containing at least two compounds provided for in more than one of groups containing only oxygen and either halogens or halogen-containing compounds
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
C07D 301/08 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase
C07C 1/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by reduction
C07D 301/19 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides
62.
Waste stream upgrading in a propylene oxide/styrene coproduction process
2-saturated water stream with the organic stream, and/or combining the organic stream and the water to form a mixture and injecting the carbon dioxide as a gas thereinto. The method can further include repeating the contacting and the separating one or more times on the organic phase, subjecting the organic phase to ion exchange, or both, to obtain an organic phase having a further reduced sodium content. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.
C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
B01D 11/04 - Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
C07C 7/12 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
222-saturated water stream with the organic stream, and/or combining the organic stream and the water to form a mixture and injecting the carbon dioxide as a gas there into. The method can further include repeating the contacting and the separating one or more times on the organic phase, subjecting the organic phase to ion exchange, or both, to obtain an organic phase having a further reduced sodium, content, A system for carrying out the method is also provided.
C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
The present disclosure relates to a method for effecting catalytic selective oxidation in liquid phase comprising a perfluorinated solvent and an olefinic compound with molecular oxygen to produce an epoxide. The method may provide enhanced selectivity to the epoxide of greater than 60%. The olefinic compound may be ethylene, propylene, butenes, 1-octene, butadiene, allyl chloride, allyl alcohol, styrene, and the like. The perfiuormated solvent may be perfluoro methyldecalin, peril uorodecalm, perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene, perfluoro (butyltetrahydrofuran), isomers thereof, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the method includes catalytically epoxidizing, in a liquid phase comprising a perfluorinated solvent, propylene with molecular oxygen to produce propylene oxide. A system for carrying out the method is also provided, the system comprising a source of a perfluorinated solvent and a liquid phase reactor fluidlv connected with the source, and configured for effecting catalytic selective oxidation, in a liquid phase comprising the perfiuormated solvent, of an olefinic compound with molecular oxygen to produce an epoxide.
C07D 301/10 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
65.
Liquid phase selective oxidation to epoxides with molecular oxygen
The present disclosure relates to a method for effecting catalytic selective oxidation in liquid phase comprising a perfluorinated solvent and an olefinic compound with molecular oxygen to produce an epoxide. The method may provide enhanced selectivity to the epoxide of greater than 60%. The olefinic compound may be ethylene, propylene, butenes, 1-octene, butadiene, allyl chloride, allyl alcohol, styrene, and the like. The perfluorinated solvent may be perfluoro methyldecalin, perfluorodecalin, perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene, perfluoro (butyltetrahydrofuran), isomers thereof, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the method includes catalytically epoxidizing, in a liquid phase comprising a perfluorinated solvent, propylene with molecular oxygen to produce propylene oxide. A system for carrying out the method is also provided, the system comprising a source of a perfluorinated solvent, and a liquid phase reactor fluidly connected with the source, and configured for effecting catalytic selective oxidation, in a liquid phase comprising the perfluorinated solvent, of an olefinic compound with molecular oxygen to produce an epoxide.
C07D 301/06 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the liquid phase
C07C 23/36 - Halogenated completely or partially hydrogenated naphthalenes
C07D 303/04 - Compounds containing oxirane rings containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring oxygen atoms
C07C 23/44 - Halogenated completely or partially hydrogenated phenanthrenes
C07D 301/10 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
66.
METHODS OF REDUCING PHOSPHORUS CONTENT IN LIQUID HYDROCARBONS
Provided herein are methods of reducing phosphorus content of a liquid hydrocarbon. The liquid hydrocarbon may be contacted with a catalyst that includes copper (II) oxide to produce a low-phosphorus liquid hydrocarbon.
C07C 7/148 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
67.
Methods of reducing phosphorus content in liquid hydrocarbons
Provided herein are methods of reducing phosphorus content of a liquid hydrocarbon. The liquid hydrocarbon may be contacted with a catalyst that includes copper (II) oxide to produce a low-phosphorus liquid hydrocarbon.
A process for forming a concentrated solution, including distilling in a distillation zone comprised of 10 or more theoretical distillation stages, at a pressure of no greater than 300 mm Hg and a reflux ratio (D/L) of at least 1:1, an amount of an initial solution comprised of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) having a TBHP concentration of up to 60 wt. % and a total impurity content greater than 0.01 wt. %, for a time and under distillation conditions to form a concentrated solution comprised of TBHP in TBA; and separating an overhead distillate from the distillation zone so that the concentrated solution thereafter has a TBHP concentration greater than 60 wt. %, a TBA concentration less than 40 wt. %, a water impurity content no greater than 0.1 wt. % and a total impurity content of no greater than 1 wt. %. Related epoxidation catalyst formation and epoxidation processes are also described.
C07D 301/19 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides
4 containing stream over a semi-permeable membrane and combinations thereof; and recovering the olefin rich stream from the paraffin removal process, wherein the olefin rich stream includes less than 5 wt. % paraffins.
C07C 7/08 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by distillation with the aid of auxiliary compounds by extractive distillation
C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
C07C 9/10 - Acyclic saturated hydrocarbons with one to four carbon atoms with four carbon atoms
C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
C07C 41/06 - Preparation of ethers by addition of compounds to unsaturated compounds by addition of organic compounds only
C07C 7/144 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
C10G 31/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
C10G 45/60 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used
C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process
C10G 67/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
C10G 70/04 - Working-up undefined normally gaseous mixtures obtained by processes covered by groups , , , , by physical processes
The present disclosure relates to processes for the removal of paraffins. The processes generally include providing a C4 containing stream including isobutylene, 1 -butene, 2-butene, n- butane and isobutane, introducing the C4 containing stream into a paraffin removal process to form an olefin rich stream, wherein the paraffin removal process is selected from extractive distillation utilizing a solvent including an organonitrile, passing the C4 containing stream over a semi-permeable membrane and combinations thereof; and recovering the olefin rich stream from the paraffin removal process, wherein the olefin rich stream includes less than 5 wt.% paraffins.
C07C 41/06 - Preparation of ethers by addition of compounds to unsaturated compounds by addition of organic compounds only
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
C07C 7/08 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by distillation with the aid of auxiliary compounds by extractive distillation
C07C 7/144 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
The present disclosure relates to processes for the removal of paraffins. The processes generally include providing a C4 containing stream including isobutylene, 1 -butene, 2-butene, n- butane and isobutane, introducing the C4 containing stream into a paraffin removal process to form an olefin rich stream, wherein the paraffin removal process is selected from extractive distillation utilizing a solvent including an organonitrile, passing the C4 containing stream over a semi-permeable membrane and combinations thereof; and recovering the olefin rich stream from the paraffin removal process, wherein the olefin rich stream includes less than 5 wt.% paraffins.
C07C 41/06 - Preparation of ethers by addition of compounds to unsaturated compounds by addition of organic compounds only
C10G 70/04 - Working-up undefined normally gaseous mixtures obtained by processes covered by groups , , , , by physical processes
C07C 7/08 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by distillation with the aid of auxiliary compounds by extractive distillation
C07C 7/144 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
The present disclosure relates to a method of using homogenous rhodium-BIPHEPHOS catalysts comprising for the hydroformylation of an allyl alcohol. In some aspects, the methods provided herein relate to the hydroformylation of allyl alcohol to produce 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde in a continuous process.
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
The present disclosure relates to chemical catalysts and methods that may be used for the production and/or interconversion of olefins. In some embodiments, methods for producing propylene from ethylene and butene comprising, (a) obtaining a catalyst composition comprising an isomerization catalyst and a disproportionation catalyst, wherein the weight ratio of the isomerization catalyst to the disproportionation catalyst is from 10: 1 to 1 : 10: and (b) reacting butene with ethylene at a temperature from about 500 °F (260 °C) to about 650 °F (350 °C) in the presence of the catalyst composition under conditions sufficient to produce propylene are provided.
The present disclosure relates to chemical catalysts and methods that may be used for the production and/or interconversion of olefins. In some embodiments, methods for producing propylene from ethylene and butene comprising, (a) obtaining a catalyst composition comprising an isomerization catalyst and a disproportionation catalyst, wherein the weight ratio of the isomerization catalyst to the disproportionation catalyst is from 10: 1 to 1 : 10: and (b) reacting butene with ethylene at a temperature from about 500 °F (260 °C) to about 650 °F (350 °C) in the presence of the catalyst composition under conditions sufficient to produce propylene are provided.
The present disclosure relates to chemical catalysts and methods that may be used for the production and/or interconversion of olefins. In some embodiments, methods for producing propylene from ethylene and butene comprising, (a) obtaining a catalyst composition comprising an isomerization catalyst and a disproportionation catalyst, wherein the weight ratio of the isomerization catalyst to the disproportionation catalyst is from 10:1 to 1:10; and (b) reacting butene with ethylene at a temperature from about 500° F. (260° C.) to about 650° F. (350° C.) in the presence of the catalyst composition under conditions sufficient to produce propylene are provided.
A catalyst composition which comprises titanium, wherein part of the titanium is present as a titanium dioxide phase and at least some of the titanium dioxide phase is in the brookite polymorphic form is provided. In some embodiments, the catalyst also comprises a silica support which exhibits a high surface area and pore volume. Methods of preparing the catalyst and its use in an epoxidation reaction are also provided.
B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
C07D 301/19 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides
B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
A catalyst composition which comprises titanium, wherein part of the titanium is present as a titanium dioxide phase and at least some of the titanium dioxide phase is in the brookite polymorphic form is provided. In some embodiments, the catalyst also comprises a silica support which exhibits a high surface area and pore volume. Methods of preparing the catalyst and its use in an epoxidation reaction are also provided.
B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
C07D 301/19 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides
78.
ALLYL ALCOHOL BY CATALYTIC ISOMERIZATION OF A PROPYLENE OXIDE STREAM
Allyl alcohol production processes are generally described herein. One or more of the processes generally include contacting a propylene oxide stream with an isomerization catalyst under isomerization conditions sufficient to form an isomerization product stream including allyl alcohol, wherein the propylene oxide stream includes a total impurity concentration of at least 100 ppm. One or more of the processes generally includes purging at least a portion of a stream from one or more separation unit(s).
C07C 29/56 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by isomerisation
Butanediol production processes are described herein. In some embodiments, the processes include contacting an allyl alcohol stream with a hydroformylation catalyst in the presence of a gas stream including carbon monoxide and hydrogen under hydroformylation conditions sufficient to form a hydroformylation product stream including a butanediol intermediate, wherein the allyl alcohol stream includes less than 98 wt.,% allyl alcohol.
C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
C07C 47/19 - Saturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to hydrogen containing hydroxy groups
Allyl alcohol production processes are generally described herein. One or more of the processes generally include contacting a propylene oxide stream with an isomerization catalyst under isomerization conditions sufficient to form an isomerization product stream including allyl alcohol, wherein the propylene oxide stream includes a total impurity concentration of at least 100 ppm. One or more of the processes generally includes purging at least a portion of a stream from one or more separation unit(s).
C07C 29/56 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by isomerisation
C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
Butanediol production processes are described herein. In some embodiments, the processes include contacting an allyl alcohol stream with a hydroformylation catalyst in the presence of a gas stream including carbon monoxide and hydrogen under hydroformylation conditions sufficient to form a hydroformylation product stream including a butanediol intermediate, wherein the allyl alcohol stream includes less than 98 wt. % allyl alcohol.
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
C07C 29/00 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
82.
Alkylene oxide separation systems, methods, and apparatuses
A propylene oxide separation system that comprises a distillation column, a decanter, and water wash system. The distillation column is configured to receive a crude propylene oxide stream, discharge an impurity stream that comprises methanol and water, and discharge a bottoms stream that comprises a majority of the propylene oxide entering in the crude propylene oxide stream. The decanter is configured to receive at least a portion of the impurity stream and a hydrocarbon solvent to provide for formation in the decanter of an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The organic phase comprises propylene oxide and hydrocarbon solvent, and is sent to the distillation column. The aqueous phase comprises a majority weight percent of the methanol and the water entering in the impurity stream. The water wash system is configured to receive and purge the aqueous phase from the propylene oxide separation system.
Propylene production processes are discussed herein. The propylene production processes may include contacting an olefin feed including butene with ethylene in the presence of a catalyst system including a metathesis catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to form a product stream including propylene, wherein the metathesis catalyst includes molybdenum and the reaction conditions include a reaction temperature of less than 250° C.
The present technology relates to methods of hydroformylating allyl alcohol to 4- hydroxybutanal and 2-memyl-3-hydroxypropanal, comprising (i) admixing allyl alcohol with CO and H2 to form a starting material mixture, and (ii) reacting the starting material mixture in the presence of a catalyst under conditions capable of forming a product mixture comprising 4- hydroxybutanal and 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanal, wherein the catalyst is a transition metal complex comprising a transition metal ion and a diphosphine ligand with a bite angle from, about 70° to about 100°, and wherein the ratio of 4-hydroxybutanal to 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanal in the product mixture is less than 1.5: 1.
C07C 45/49 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
C07C 47/19 - Saturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to hydrogen containing hydroxy groups
85.
PROPYLENE PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND CATALYST SYSTEMS FOR USE THEREIN
Propylene production processes are discussed herein. The propylene production processes may include contacting an olefin feed including butene with ethylene in the presence of a catalyst system including a metathesis catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to form a product stream including propylene, wherein the metathesis catalyst includes molybdenum and the reaction conditions include a reaction temperature of less than 250 °C.
2 to form a starting material mixture, and (ii) reacting the starting material mixture in the presence of a catalyst under conditions capable of forming a product mixture comprising 4-hydroxybutanal and 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanal, wherein the catalyst is a transition metal complex comprising a transition metal ion and a diphosphine ligand with a bite angle from about 70° to about 100°, and wherein the ratio of 4-hydroxybutanal to 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanal in the product mixture is less than 1.5:1.
C07C 45/49 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
Processes for producing propylene glycol monoalkyl ether are described herein and include contacting propylene oxide and an alcohol in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal alkoxide catalyst to produce an alkoxylation mixture including propylene glycol monoalkyl ether; distilling the alkoxylation mixture to produce a first overhead stream including propylene oxide and the alcohol and a first bottoms stream including propylene glycol monoalkyl ether; distilling the first bottoms stream to produce a second overhead stream including purified propylene glycol monoalkyl ether and a second bottoms stream including heavier byproducts; further distilling the second bottoms stream to form a resulting bottoms stream including caustic and heavier byproducts; introducing an alkali metal borohydride into at least a portion of the resulting bottoms stream to form an alkali metal borohydride containing stream; and introducing the alkali metal borohydride containing stream into one or more distillations upstream of recovery of the second overhead stream.
Epoxidation methods and catalyst are described herein. The epoxidation catalysts generally include a metal component including silver and a support material including kaolinite, wherein the epoxidation catalyst includes less than 55 wt.% metal component.
B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
C07D 301/10 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
B01J 23/89 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
B01J 31/26 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups
The present disclosure generally relates to a silver-based epoxidation catalyst. In certain embodiments, a method is provided for modulating the reactivity of the silver-based epoxidation catalyst, comprising the catalyst being post-treated with at least two different salt solutions. In some embodiments, the treatment results in the deposition of one or more metals onto the surface of the catalyst. In further embodiments, method is also provided of using the silver catalyst to generate an epoxide from an olefin.
C07D 301/10 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
The present disclosure generally relates to a silver-based epoxidation catalyst. In certain embodiments, a method is provided for modulating the reactivity of the silver-based epoxidation catalyst, comprising the catalyst being post-treated with at least two different salt solutions. In some embodiments, the treatment results in the deposition of one or more metals onto the surface of the catalyst. In further embodiments, method is also provided of using the silver catalyst to generate an epoxide from an olefin.
B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
B01J 23/06 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of zinc, cadmium or mercury
C07D 301/10 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
B01J 23/68 - Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
B01J 23/62 - Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead
B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
B01J 23/89 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
91.
PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER (MTBE) AND HYDROCARBONS
A process for manufacturing methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) including (A) an optional first step including cracking raw material made from or containing ethane and/or propane, to form ethylene and recovering the residual uncracked raw material, (B) a second step including dimerizing ethylene to form n-butylene, (C) a third step including isomerizing the n-butylene to form isobutylene, (D) an optional fourth step including oxidizing methane to form methanol, (E) a fifth step including etherifying the isobutylene with methanol to form methyl t-butyl ether, and (F) a sixth step including collecting the methyl t-butyl ether is provided. The process can also be used to prepare gasoline alkylate, a higher molecular weight ethylene oligomer, a higher-molecular-weight-ethylene-oligomer-based methyl ether, an isomerized higher molecular weight ethylene oligomer, or an isomerized-higher-molecular-weight-ethylene-oligomer-based methyl ether.
C07C 29/48 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by oxidation reactions with formation of hydroxy groups
A process for manufacturing methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) including (A) an optional first step including cracking raw material made from or containing ethane and/or propane, to form ethylene and recovering the residual uncracked raw material, (B) a second step including dimerizing ethylene to form n-butylene, (C) a third step including isomerizing the n-butylene to form isobutylene, (D) an optional fourth step including oxidizing methane to form methanol, (E) a fifth step including etherifying the isobutylene with methanol to form methyl t-butyl ether, and (F) a sixth step including collecting the methyl t-butyl ether is provided. The process can also be used to prepare gasoline alkylate, a higher molecular weight ethylene oligomer, a higher-molecular-weight-ethylene-oligomer-based methyl ether, an isomerized higher molecular weight ethylene oligomer, or an isomerized-higher-molecular-weight-ethylene-oligomer-based methyl ether.
C07C 41/06 - Preparation of ethers by addition of compounds to unsaturated compounds by addition of organic compounds only
C07C 2/22 - Metal halidesComplexes thereof with organic compounds
C07C 5/27 - Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
C07C 29/48 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by oxidation reactions with formation of hydroxy groups
A process for manufacturing methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) including (A) an optional first step including cracking raw material made from or containing ethane and/or propane, to form ethylene and recovering the residual uncracked raw material, (B) a second step including dimerizing ethylene to form n-butylene, (C) a third step including isomerizing the n-butylene to form isobutylene, (D) an optional fourth step including oxidizing methane to form methanol, (E) a fifth step including etherifying the isobutylene with methanol to form methyl t-butyl ether, and (F) a sixth step including collecting the methyl t-butyl ether is provided. The process can also be used to prepare gasoline alkylate, a higher molecular weight ethylene oligomer, a higher-molecular-weight-ethylene-oligomer-based methyl ether, an isomerized higher molecular weight ethylene oligomer, or an isomerized-higher-molecular-weight-ethylene-oligomer-based methyl ether.
C07C 41/06 - Preparation of ethers by addition of compounds to unsaturated compounds by addition of organic compounds only
C07C 4/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
C07C 5/25 - Migration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds
C07C 29/50 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by oxidation reactions with formation of hydroxy groups with molecular oxygen only
C07C 5/327 - Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
C07C 2/36 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as phosphines, arsines, stilbines or bismuthines
C07C 2/22 - Metal halidesComplexes thereof with organic compounds
C07C 5/27 - Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
94.
IMPROVED CATALYST PERFORMANCE IN PROPYLENE EPOXIDATION
The present disclosure relates to a method of epoxidizing an olefin to form an epoxide, the method comprising contacting an alkene,(C≤12) or aralkene(C≤12) with a titanium silica catalyst, a peroxide, a buffer, and one or more organic solvents in a reaction mixture, wherein the one or more organic solvents comprise a first organic solvent selected from: R1-OH (I), R2-CN (II), R3-C(O)-R4 (III) or R5-O-R6 (IV) wherein: R1 is alkyl(C≤12), aryl(C≤12), aralkyl(C≤12)or a substituted version of any of these groups; R2 is alkyl(C≤12), aryl(C≤12), aralkyl(C≤12) or a substituted version of any of these groups; R3 is hydrogen, alkl(C≤6) or substituted alkyl(C≤6); and R4, R5, and R6 are each independently selected from alkyl(C≤12), aryl(C≤12), aralkyl(C≤12) or a substituted version of any of these groups, or are taken together are alkoxydiyl(C≤12), alkanediyl(C≤12), substituted alkoxydiyl(C≤12) or substituted alkanediyl(C≤12).
C07D 301/12 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxides or peracids
C07D 301/12 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxides or peracids
B01J 29/89 - Silicates, aluminosilicates or borosilicates of titanium, zirconium or hafnium
96.
Process for forming propylene oxide from oxidation of methyl benzyl alcohol
C07D 301/12 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxides or peracids
C07D 303/04 - Compounds containing oxirane rings containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring oxygen atoms
B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
The present disclosure relates to a method of preparing propylene oxide comprising the steps: (a) oxidizing alpha-methylbenzyl alcohol with air to form a first reaction mixture comprising hydrogen peroxide and acetophenone; (b) reacting propylene with the first reaction mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a second reaction mixture comprising propylene oxide; (c) separating the propylene oxide from the second reaction mixture to form a third reaction mixture; (d) heating the third reaction mixture to decompose hydrogen peroxide, whereby a fourth reaction mixture is formed; (e) hydrogenating the acetophenone in the fourth reaction mixture with hydrogen to form a fifth reaction mixture comprising alpha-methylbenzyl alcohol; and (f) separating alpha-methylbenzyl alcohol from the fifth reaction mixture and returning the methyl benzyl alcohol to step (a).
C07D 301/12 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxides or peracids
C07D 303/04 - Compounds containing oxirane rings containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring oxygen atoms
Embodiments of the present disclosure include methods for producing aromatic products, the methods including separating a crude oil and condensate feed into at least a light naphtha stream, a heavy naphtha stream, and a bottoms stream, reforming at least a portion of the heavy naphtha stream to produce a reformate stream, feeding a cracker feed stream, comprising the light naphtha stream, the bottoms stream, and a reformate extraction raffinate, to an olefins cracker to produce cracker products comprising pyrolysis gasoline, and introducing an extractor feed stream comprising the pyrolysis gasoline and the reformate to an aromatic extraction unit to produce an aromatic product and the reformate extraction raffinate.
C07C 4/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
C10G 55/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only
C10G 63/04 - Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one cracking step
99.
EPOXIDATION CATALYSTS BASED ON METAL ALKOXIDE PRETREATED SUPPORTS
The present disclosure generally relates to a silica-titanium catalyst prepared by first reacting a solid support with a metal alkoxide and then depositing titanium onto the solid support for the epoxidation of alkenes and aralkenes and a method of preparing the catalyst thereof, in some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to methods of using the catalyst described herem for the production of epoxides.
B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
C07C 29/03 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2
C01B 37/00 - Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
C07D 301/06 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the liquid phase
B01J 29/03 - Catalysts comprising molecular sieves not having base-exchange properties
B01J 29/89 - Silicates, aluminosilicates or borosilicates of titanium, zirconium or hafnium
B01J 31/02 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalystsProcesses, in general, for activation of catalysts
B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
100.
Epoxidation catalysts based on metal alkoxide pretreated supports
The present disclosure generally relates to a silica-titanium catalyst prepared by first reacting a solid support with a metal alkoxide and then depositing titanium onto the solid support for the epoxidation of alkenes and aralkenes and a method of preparing the catalyst thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to methods of using the catalyst described herein for the production of epoxides.
C07D 301/19 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides
B01J 21/00 - Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
B01J 31/02 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
B01J 31/38 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups of titanium, zirconium or hafnium
B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
