A method produces a void fraction (VF) error curve which correlates an apparent VF with the actual VF of a multi-phase flow, the method comprising (a) using a device to measure a property of the multi-phase flow from which an apparent VF may be calculated; (b) calculating the apparent VF using the measured property from the device; (c) determining the actual VF of the multiphase flow using a radiometric densitometer; (d) using the values from steps (b) and (c) to calculate the VF error; (e) repeating steps (b) through (d) for all expected flow conditions to generate a VF error curve.
G01N 9/36 - Analysing materials by measuring the density or specific gravity, e.g. determining quantity of moisture
G01F 25/10 - Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters
G01F 1/40 - Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
G01F 1/74 - Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
G01F 1/84 - Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
G01N 9/00 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
G01N 23/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid
A fluid sensor has a core defining a fluid flow path and a cavity member located externally of the core. The cavity member includes an electrically-conductive composite material including a matrix and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix. The cavity member is configured so as to provide confinement for an electromagnetic field and the core is configured so as to permit transmission therethrough of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field may be a radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field. The fluid sensor can be used in the measurement of the composition and/or flow characteristics of fluid in the fluid flow path.
G01F 1/66 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
G01F 15/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
G01F 1/74 - Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
The present invention provides a method for calculating the mass flow rate of one or more of the phases in a multiphase flow. The method comprises: comprising:a) Using a Coriolis meter to measure the apparent bulk density of the multiphase flow;b) Calculating a first apparent VF using the apparent bulk density from a);c) Using a microwave meter to measure the permittivity of the multiphase flow;d) Calculating a second apparent VF using the permittivity measurement from c);e) Calculating the phase volume fractions of the multiphase flow using the results from b) and d);f) Determining the actual bulk mass flow rate of the multiphase flow;g) Calculating the mass flow rate of one or more of the phases using the values from e) and f).
According to the invention, a method is provided of producing a void fraction (VF) error curve which correlates an apparent VF with the actual VF of a multi-phase flow, the method comprising: a) Using a device to measure a property of the multi-phase flow from which an apparent VF may be calculated; b) Calculating the apparent VF using the measured property from the device; c) Determining the actual VF of the multiphase flow using a radiometric densitometer; d) Using the values from b) and c) to calculate the VF error; e) Repeating b) - d) for all expected flow conditions to generate a VF error curve.
According to the invention, a method is provided of producing a void fraction (VF) error curve which correlates an apparent VF with the actual VF of a multi-phase flow, the method comprising: a) Using a device to measure a property of the multi-phase flow from which an apparent VF may be calculated; b) Calculating the apparent VF using the measured property from the device; c) Determining the actual VF of the multiphase flow using a radiometric densitometer; d) Using the values from b) and c) to calculate the VF error; e) Repeating b) - d) for all expected flow conditions to generate a VF error curve.
A composite fluid conduit assembly with a fluid conduit having a wall defining a fluid flow path is disclosed. The wall has an inner region and an outer region. The outer region includes a composite material having reinforcing elements within a matrix material and the inner region having a material which is substantially devoid of reinforcing elements. The inner region of the wall defines a first sealing surface around the fluid flow path at one end of the fluid conduit. The composite fluid conduit assembly has an interface member substantially devoid of reinforcing elements and located at the end of the fluid conduit. The interface member defines an aperture in fluid flow communication with the fluid flow path and a second sealing surface. A compression arrangement forces the interface member and the fluid conduit together forming a seal around the fluid flow path between the first and second sealing surfaces.
F16L 23/024 - Flanged joints the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially characterised by how the flanges are joined to, or form an extension of, the pipes
F16L 23/22 - Flanged joints characterised by the sealing means the sealing means being rings made exclusively of a material other than metal
G01F 1/58 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
G01F 15/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
G01F 15/18 - Supports or connecting means for meters
G01F 1/56 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
A method for forming a composite fluid conduit includes providing an inner pipe having a variation in cross-section between at least two different longitudinal sections thereof and applying a fiber reinforced composite material to the inner pipe. In some disclosed examples the variation in cross section may be provided intermediate opposing ends of the inner pipe. In other disclosed examples the variation in cross section may be provided at an end region of the inner pipe.
B29C 63/06 - Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plasticsApparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like around tubular articles
B29C 51/14 - Shaping by thermoforming, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawingApparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets
B29C 57/04 - Belling or enlarging, e.g. combined with forming a groove using mechanical means
B29C 63/10 - Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plasticsApparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like by winding helically around tubular articles
B29K 105/06 - Condition, form or state of moulded material containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
B29C 70/32 - Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or coreShaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
B29C 51/12 - Shaping by thermoforming, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawingApparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements
8.
Method and apparatus for measuring a composition of a multiphase fluid
A method for use in measuring a composition of a multiphase fluid which includes flowing a multiphase fluid through a fluid flow path defined by a wall of a fluid conduit is disclosed. The wall includes an electrically non-conductive material. The method includes establishing an electromagnetic field which extends through the electrically non-conductive material of the wall of the fluid conduit into the fluid and measuring a property of the electromagnetic field over a measurement time period. The method also includes transmitting additional energy through the fluid over the measurement time period independently of the electromagnetic field and measuring the additional energy transmitted through the fluid over the measurement time period. The method may be used to unambiguously determine a composition of a multiphase fluid which has different components.
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
G01N 9/24 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material
G01N 23/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid
An apparatus for measuring a composition of a fluid has a fluid conduit with a wall defining a fluid flow path, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, and an electrically conductive waveguide member for electromagnetic coupling with the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna and for guiding an electromagnetic field from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna along a waveguide path. The waveguide member is separated from the fluid flow path by an electrically insulating inner region of the wall. The waveguide member defines an opening disposed towards the fluid flow path to permit a portion of the electromagnetic field to extend through the opening and the inner region of the wall into the fluid flow path.
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
An apparatus (2) for measuring a composition of a fluid, comprises a fluid conduit (4) having a wall (6) which defines a fluid flow path (8), a transmitting antenna (10), a receiving antenna (12), and an electrically conductive waveguide member (20) comprising an groove (30) that defines a waveguide path (22) for guiding an electromagnetic field from the transmitting antenna (10) to the receiving antenna (12). The electrically conductive waveguide member (20) is separated from the fluid flow path (8) by an electrically insulating inner region (24) of the wall (6). The opening (32) of the groove (30) is disposed towards the fluid flow path (8) to permit a portion of the electromagnetic field to extend into the fluid flow path (8). The apparatus may be used for measuring a composition of a fluid, in particular for measuring the proportion of water in the liquid content of a two- or three-phase fluid produced from an oil or gas well.
An apparatus (2) for measuring a composition of a fluid, comprises a fluid conduit (4) having a wall (6) which defines a fluid flow path (8), a transmitting antenna (10), a receiving antenna (12), and an electrically conductive waveguide member (20) comprising an groove (30) that defines a waveguide path (22) for guiding an electromagnetic field from the transmitting antenna (10) to the receiving antenna (12). The electrically conductive waveguide member (20) is separated from the fluid flow path (8) by an electrically insulating inner region (24) of the wall (6). The opening (32) of the groove (30) is disposed towards the fluid flow path (8) to permit a portion of the electromagnetic field to extend into the fluid flow path (8). The apparatus may be used for measuring a composition of a fluid, in particular for measuring the proportion of water in the liquid content of a two- or three-phase fluid produced from an oil or gas well.
A fluid sensor comprises a fluid conduit having a wall defining a fluid flow path and an acoustic transducer located externally of the fluid flow path. The wall of the fluid conduit comprises a composite region between the acoustic transducer and the fluid flow path, the composite region comprising a composite material including a polymer matrix material and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the polymer matrix material. Such a fluid sensor may be used for sensing a property of a fluid and, in particular though not exclusively for sensing a property of a fluid produced from or injected into an oil or gas well.
G01F 1/66 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
G01F 15/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
A composite fluid conduit assembly (6) comprises a fluid conduit (20) having a wall (32) defining a fluid flow path (30). The wall (32) comprises an inner region (34) and an outer region (36), the outer region (36) comprising a composite material having one or more reinforcing elements embedded within a matrix material and the inner region (34) comprising a material which is substantially devoid of reinforcing elements. The inner region (34) of the wall defines a first sealing surface around the fluid flow path at one end of the fluid conduit. The composite fluid conduit assembly comprises an interface member (22) located at the end of the fluid conduit, the interface member being substantially devoid of reinforcing elements. The interface member (22) defines an aperture (28) in fluid flow communication with the fluid flow path (30) and a second sealing surface. The composite fluid conduit assembly comprises a compression arrangement (24) which forces the interface member (22) and the fluid conduit (2) towards one another so that a seal arrangement (60) forms a seal around the fluid flow path between the first and second sealing surfaces.
F16L 23/024 - Flanged joints the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially characterised by how the flanges are joined to, or form an extension of, the pipes
F16L 23/22 - Flanged joints characterised by the sealing means the sealing means being rings made exclusively of a material other than metal
F16L 39/00 - Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
A method for forming a composite fluid conduit comprises providing an inner pipe (2) having a variation in cross-section between at least two different longitudinal sections thereof, and applying a fibre reinforced composite material (30) to the inner pipe (2). In some disclosed examples the variation in cross section may be provided intermediate opposing ends of the inner pipe (2). In other disclosed examples the variation in cross section may be provided at an end region of the inner pipe (2).
B29C 70/32 - Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or coreShaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
A method for forming a composite fluid conduit comprises providing an inner pipe (2) having a variation in cross-section between at least two different longitudinal sections thereof, and applying a fibre reinforced composite material (30) to the inner pipe (2). In some disclosed examples the variation in cross section may be provided intermediate opposing ends of the inner pipe (2). In other disclosed examples the variation in cross section may be provided at an end region of the inner pipe (2).
B29C 70/32 - Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or coreShaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
A composite fluid conduit assembly (6) comprises a fluid conduit (20) having a wall (32) defining a fluid flow path (30). The wall (32) comprises an inner region (34) and an outer region (36), the outer region (36) comprising a composite material having one or more reinforcing elements embedded within a matrix material and the inner region (34) comprising a material which is substantially devoid of reinforcing elements. The inner region (34) of the wall defines a first sealing surface around the fluid flow path at one end of the fluid conduit. The composite fluid conduit assembly comprises an interface member (22) located at the end of the fluid conduit, the interface member being substantially devoid of reinforcing elements. The interface member (22) defines an aperture (28) in fluid flow communication with the fluid flow path (30) and a second sealing surface. The composite fluid conduit assembly comprises a compression arrangement (24) which forces the interface member (22) and the fluid conduit (2) towards one another so that a seal arrangement (60) forms a seal around the fluid flow path between the first and second sealing surfaces.
F16L 23/024 - Flanged joints the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially characterised by how the flanges are joined to, or form an extension of, the pipes
F16L 23/22 - Flanged joints characterised by the sealing means the sealing means being rings made exclusively of a material other than metal
G01F 1/58 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
G01F 15/18 - Supports or connecting means for meters
A method for use in measuring a composition of a multiphase fluid comprises flowing a multiphase fluid through a fluid flow path defined by a wall of a fluid conduit. The wall comprises an electrically non-conductive material. The method comprises establishing an electromagnetic field which extends through the electrically non- conductive material of the wall of the fluid conduit into the fluid and measuring a property of the electromagnetic field over a measurement time period. The method comprises transmitting additional energy through the fluid over the measurement time period independently of the electromagnetic field and measuring the additional energy transmitted through the fluid over the measurement time period. Such a method may be used to unambiguously determine a composition of a multiphase fluid which has different components.
A method for use in measuring a composition of a multiphase fluid comprises flowing a multiphase fluid through a fluid flow path defined by a wall of a fluid conduit. The wall comprises an electrically non-conductive material. The method comprises establishing an electromagnetic field which extends through the electrically non- conductive material of the wall of the fluid conduit into the fluid and measuring a property of the electromagnetic field over a measurement time period. The method comprises transmitting additional energy through the fluid over the measurement time period independently of the electromagnetic field and measuring the additional energy transmitted through the fluid over the measurement time period. Such a method may be used to unambiguously determine a composition of a multiphase fluid which has different components.
A fluid sensor includes a core defining a fluid flow path, a confinement member located externally of the core, and a patch antenna located between the fluid flow path and the confinement member. The confinement member is configured to confine an electromagnetic field which extends into the fluid flow path. The patch antenna is configured to couple an electrical signal to and/or from the electromagnetic field. The fluid sensor may be configured for measuring the composition and/or flow rate of a fluid and, in particular but not exclusively, for measuring the composition and/or flow rate of mixtures of oil, water and gas.
G01F 1/56 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
G01F 1/58 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
G01F 1/66 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
G01F 1/74 - Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
A fluid sensor (10) comprises a base member (20) defining a fluid flow path (21), a cavity filler member (26) located externally of the base member (20), and a cavity member (30) located externally of the base member (20) and the cavity filler member (26). The cavity member (30) is configured so as to provide confinement for an electromagnetic field. The base member (20) and the cavity filler member (26) are both configured so as to permit transmission of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of the electromagnetic field therethrough. The electromagnetic field may be a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field. The base member (20) and/or the cavity member (30) may define an outer cavity region externally of the base member (20). The cavity filler member (26) may completely or partially fill the outer cavity region. The fluid sensor (10) may be used in the measurement of the composition and/or flow characteristics of a fluid in the fluid flow path (21).
G01N 27/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
A fluid sensor comprises a fluid conduit having a wall defining a fluid flow path and an acoustic transducer located externally of the fluid flow path. The wall of the fluid conduit comprises a composite region between the acoustic transducer and the fluid flow path, the composite region comprising a composite material including a polymer matrix material and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the polymer matrix material. Such a fluid sensor may be used for sensing a property of a fluid and, in particular though not exclusively for sensing a property of a fluid produced from or injected into an oil or gas well.
G01F 1/66 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
G01F 15/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
A fluid sensor (10) comprises a core (27) defining a fluid flow path (21) and a cavity member (30) located externally of the core. The cavity member (30) comprises an electrically-conductive composite material including a matrix and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix. The cavity member (30) is configured so as to provide confinement for an electromagnetic field and the core (27) is configured so as to permit transmission therethrough of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field may be a radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field. The fluid sensor (10) may be used in the measurement of the composition and/or flow characteristics of fluid in the fluid flow path (21).
G01R 33/561 - Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques by reduction of the scanning time, i.e. fast acquiring systems, e.g. using echo-planar pulse sequences
G01F 1/66 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
G01F 1/74 - Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
G01F 15/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
A fluid sensor comprises a core defining a fluid flow path, a confinement member located externally of the core, and a patch antenna located between the fluid flow path and the confinement member. The confinement member is configured to confine an electromagnetic field which extends into the fluid flow path. The patch antenna is configured to couple an electrical signal to and/or from the electromagnetic field. The fluid sensor may be configured for measuring the composition and/or flow rate of a fluid and, in particular but not exclusively, for measuring the composition and/or flow rate of mixtures of oil, water and gas.
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
24.
WAVEGUIDE SENSOR WITH A DIELECTRIC SAMPLE TUBE AND WITH A DIELECTRIC MEMBER FILLING THE WAVEGUIDE
A fluid sensor (10) comprises a base member (20) defining a fluid flow path (21), a cavity filler member (26) located externally of the base member (20), and a cavity member (30) located externally of the base member (20) and the cavity filler member (26). The cavity member (30) is configured so as to provide confinement for an electromagnetic field. The base member (20) and the cavity filler member (26) are both configured so as to permit transmission of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of the electromagnetic field therethrough. The electromagnetic field may be a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field. The base member (20) and/or the cavity member (30) may define an outer cavity region externally of the base member (20). The cavity filler member (26) may completely or partially fill the outer cavity region. The fluid sensor (10) may be used in the measurement of the composition and/or flow characteristics of a fluid in the fluid flow path (21).
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
A fluid sensor (10) comprises a core (27) defining a fluid flow path (21) and a cavity member (30) located externally of the core. The cavity member (30) comprises an electrically-conductive composite material including a matrix and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix. The cavity member (30) is configured so as to provide confinement for an electromagnetic field and the core (27) is configured so as to permit transmission therethrough of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field may be a radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field. The fluid sensor (10) may be used in the measurement of the composition and/or flow characteristics of fluid in the fluid flow path (21).
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
A fluid sensor (10) comprises a base member (20) defining a fluid flow path (21), a cavity filler member (26) located externally of the base member (20), and a cavity member (30) located externally of the base member (20) and the cavity filler member (26). The cavity member (30) is configured so as to provide confinement for an electromagnetic field. The base member (20) and the cavity filler member (26) are both configured so as to permit transmission of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of the electromagnetic field therethrough. The electromagnetic field may be a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field. The base member (20) and/or the cavity member (30) may define an outer cavity region externally of the base member (20). The cavity filler member (26) may completely or partially fill the outer cavity region. The fluid sensor (10) may be used in the measurement of the composition and/or flow characteristics of a fluid in the fluid flow path (21).
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
A fluid sensor (10) comprises a core (27) defining a fluid flow path (21) and a cavity member (30) located externally of the core. The cavity member (30) comprises an electrically-conductive composite material including a matrix and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix. The cavity member (30) is configured so as to provide confinement for an electromagnetic field and the core (27) is configured so as to permit transmission therethrough of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field may be a radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field. The fluid sensor (10) may be used in the measurement of the composition and/or flow characteristics of fluid in the fluid flow path (21).
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
patents
