A foldable non-highway electric vehicle (EV) for recreational use. The non-highway EV may include a chassis and a foldable battery module coupled to the chassis. The foldable battery module may fold to a position to allow portable transport of the non-highway EV. Suspension may control movement of the wheels relative to the chassis. The suspension may also be set in a plurality of different configurations, including a configuration where the suspension is set in a transport position. With the battery folded and the suspension set in the transport position, the footprint of the non-highway EV may be significantly reduced, to allow for convenient transportation of the non-highway EV.
B60K 1/02 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
B60G 3/20 - Resilient suspensions for a single wheel with two or more pivoted arms, e.g. parallelogram all arms being rigid
B60G 13/02 - Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location, or type of vibration-dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally
B60K 1/04 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
B60K 7/00 - Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60N 2/30 - Non-dismountable seats storable in a non-use position, e.g. foldable spare seats
B62D 5/04 - Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
B60G 11/00 - Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of springs
A foldable non-highway electric vehicle (EV) for recreational use. The non-highway EV may include a chassis and a foldable battery module coupled to the chassis. The foldable battery module may fold to a position to allow portable transport of the non-highway EV. Suspension may control movement of the wheels relative to the chassis. The suspension may also be set in a plurality of different configurations, including a configuration where the suspension is set in a transport position. With the battery folded and the suspension set in the transport position, the footprint of the non-highway EV may be significantly reduced, to allow for convenient transportation of the non-highway EV.
Described herein are swappable battery modules comprising immersion-thermally controlled prismatic battery cells and methods of operating thereof. A method comprises positioning a swappable battery module on a battery dock comprising dock fluidic ports and sliding the swappable battery module to the dock fluidic ports until these dock's ports are fluidically coupled with the module's fluidic ports. Specifically, the dock comprises an enclosure and a module support rail slidably coupling the swappable battery module and the enclosure. The module support rail comprises a rail base, a first slider, a second slider, and a lever-based unit, interconnecting the rail base and both sliders. The rail base is fixed to the enclosure, while the second slider is detachably coupled to the module. The two sliders move at different speeds or at the same speed relative to the dock base depending on the proximity of the first end plate to the dock base.
H01M 10/647 - Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
H01M 50/209 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
H01M 50/244 - Secondary casingsRacksSuspension devicesCarrying devicesHolders characterised by their mounting method
H01M 50/258 - Modular batteriesCasings provided with means for assembling
H01M 50/367 - Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or caseDouble cover vent systems
H01M 50/507 - Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteriesInterconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising an arrangement of two or more busbars within a container structure, e.g. busbar modules
H01M 50/55 - Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
H05K 7/20 - Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
4.
Compact high-power DC-to-DC converters with out-of-phase converter units and multiple cooling types
Described herein are DC-DC converters with a ratio of the power output to volume of at least 2 kW per liter or even at least 4 kW per liter. Such DC-DC converters can operate at power levels of at least 150 kW or even at least 200 kW. A DC-DC converter comprises an enclosure and a front plate sealed against the enclosure using a set of fasteners. The DC-DC converter also comprises a converter unit comprising a switching sub-module, a diode sub-module, and an inductor as well as an additional converter unit comprising an additional switching sub-module, an additional diode sub-module, and an additional inductor. The switching sub-module and the additional switching sub-module or, more generally, the converter unit and the additional converter unit are configured to operate out of phase. The inductors are immersed cooled, the switching sub-modules are conductively cooled, while the diode sub-modules are convectively cooled.
Described herein are vehicle charging systems, each comprising a recharge vehicle and a work vehicle configured to form an electrical connection and charge the work vehicle battery from the recharge vehicle battery. In some examples, this charging is performed at 500kW or more or even at 1,000kW or more. Furthermore, the connection and/or charging can be performed while both vehicles are moving (e.g., the recharge vehicle moving in front of the work vehicle). The recharge vehicle comprises one or more DC-DC converters, configured to boost a first voltage (V1) of the recharge vehicle battery to a second voltage (V2) of the work vehicle battery. It should be noted that these voltages vary depending on the state of charge of these batteries. In some examples, each DC-DC converter utilizes a combination of immersion, conductive, and convective cooling for different components of the converter.
Described herein are low-noise electric lawnmowers comprising curved cutting blades and methods of operating thereof. In some examples, a lawnmower comprises a driving unit and a mowing unit with a mowing-unit deck. The mowing-unit deck comprises a set of blade units (e.g., 3 units) and a discharge conduit. Each blade unit comprises a blade enclosure and a cutting blade with a cutting edge having a curved shape. For example, the cutting edge, at a point furthest away from the blade center axis, may form an approach angle of greater than 90° but be less than 90° closer to the blade center. This curving aspect allows operating the blade at lower rotating speeds (e.g., less than 3,000 RPM), which reduces the turbulence and noise. In some examples, the blade enclosure forms an enclosure tunnel such that the tunnel's cross-sectional area increases from the tunnel's inlet to the outlet.
A01D 34/66 - MowersMowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis mounted on a vehicle, e.g. a tractor, or drawn by an animal or a vehicle with two or more cutters
Low-noise electric lawnmowers comprise curved cutting blades. In some examples, a lawnmower comprises a driving unit and a mowing unit with a mowing-unit deck. The mowing-unit deck comprises a set of blade units (e.g., 3 units) and a discharge conduit. Each blade unit comprises a blade enclosure and a cutting blade with a cutting edge having a curved shape. For example, the cutting edge, at a point furthest away from the blade center axis, may form an approach angle of greater than 90° but be less than 90° closer to the blade center. This curving aspect allows operating the blade at lower rotating speeds (e.g., less than 3,000 RPM), which reduces the turbulence and noise. In some examples, the blade enclosure forms an enclosure tunnel such that the tunnel's cross-sectional area increases from the tunnel's inlet to the outlet.
Described herein are swappable battery modules comprising immersion-thermally controlled prismatic battery cells and methods of operating thereof. A method comprises positioning a swappable battery module on an external charger comprising charger fluidic ports and sliding the swappable battery module to the charger fluidic ports until these charger's ports are fluidically coupled with the module's fluidic ports. Specifically, the external charger comprises an enclosure and a module support rail slidably coupling the swappable battery module and the enclosure. The module support rail comprises a rail base, a first slider, a second slider, and a lever-based unit, interconnecting the rail base and both sliders. The rail base is fixed to the enclosure, while the second slider is detachably coupled to the module. The two sliders move at different speeds or at the same speed relative to the charger base depending on proximity of the first end plate to the charger base.
H01M 10/6568 - Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 50/209 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
H01M 50/258 - Modular batteriesCasings provided with means for assembling
H01M 50/367 - Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or caseDouble cover vent systems
H01M 50/507 - Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteriesInterconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising an arrangement of two or more busbars within a container structure, e.g. busbar modules
H01M 50/55 - Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
9.
ELECTRICAL VEHICLES COMPRISING POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF OPERATING THEREOF
Described herein are electric vehicles comprising power distribution systems and methods of operating thereof. Specifically, a power distribution system is mechanically coupled to an electric motor, a road wheel, and an auxiliary unit. This system is configured to switch among multiple operating modes and selectively transfer mechanical power among the electric motor, wheel, and auxiliary unit. For example, the power distribution system is configured to transfer mechanical power between the electric motor and the road wheel, but not the auxiliary unit, when switched to a wheel operating mode. The power distribution system is configured to transfer mechanical power between the electric motor and the auxiliary unit, but not the road wheel, when switched to an auxiliary operating mode. The power distribution system is configured to transfer mechanical power between the electric motor, the auxiliary unit, and the road wheel when the system is switched to a combined operating mode.
B60W 30/182 - Selecting between different operative modes, e.g. comfort and performance modes
B60L 1/00 - Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of electrically-propelled vehicles
B60L 15/20 - Methods, circuits or devices for controlling the propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles, e.g. their traction-motor speed, to achieve a desired performanceAdaptation of control equipment on electrically-propelled vehicles for remote actuation from a stationary place, from alternative parts of the vehicle or from alternative vehicles of the same vehicle train for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
B60W 10/02 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
B60W 10/08 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
B60W 10/10 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
B60K 1/02 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
B60K 1/04 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
10.
Electrical vehicles comprising power distribution systems and methods of operating thereof
Described herein are electric vehicles comprising power distribution systems and methods of operating thereof. Specifically, a power distribution system is mechanically coupled to an electric motor, a road wheel, and an auxiliary unit. This system is configured to switch among multiple operating modes and selectively transfer mechanical power among the electric motor, wheel, and auxiliary unit. For example, the power distribution system is configured to transfer mechanical power between the electric motor and the road wheel, but not the auxiliary unit, when switched to a wheel operating mode. The power distribution system is configured to transfer mechanical power between the electric motor and the auxiliary unit, but not the road wheel, when switched to an auxiliary operating mode. The power distribution system is configured to transfer mechanical power between the electric motor, the auxiliary unit, and the road wheel when the system is switched to a combined operating mode.
B60K 1/04 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
B60K 1/02 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
B60W 10/08 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
B60W 10/10 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
B60W 10/12 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of differentials
Described herein are immersion-cooled axial flux electric motors and methods of operating thereof. An immersion-cooled axial flux electric motor comprises a rotor and an immersion-cooled stator. The rotor comprises a set of magnets and a magnet support plate extending perpendicular to the motor axis. The set of magnets is attached to the magnet support plate and distributed about on the motor axis. The immersion-cooled stator comprises a cooling-fluid inlet, a cooling-fluid outlet, a set of stator windings, and a stator-sealed space. The set of stator windings is positioned within the stator-sealed space proximate to the set of magnets such that during the operation of the motor magnetic flux between the set of stator windings and the set of magnets is aligned substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor. The cooling-fluid inlet and the cooling-fluid outlet are fluidically coupled to the stator-sealed space.
H02K 9/19 - Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
B60H 1/00 - Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
H02K 5/22 - Auxiliary parts of casings not covered by groups , e.g. shaped to form connection boxes or terminal boxes
H02K 9/197 - Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil in which the rotor or stator space is fluid-tight, e.g. to provide for different cooling media for rotor and stator
12.
BATTERY MODULES WITH INTEGRATED MODULE CONVERTERS AND METHODS OF OPERATING THEREOF
Described herein are battery modules comprising integrated module converters, electric-vehicle battery systems comprising such modules, and methods of operating thereof. An electric-vehicle battery system comprises a high-voltage battery pack and high-voltage contactors that controllably isolate the pack's high-voltage area from other areas in the vehicle. The pack comprises multiple battery modules with battery cells and a primary module converter constantly connected to these cells. Each module has a lower voltage than the entire pack. The power output from the primary module converters is used to operate a battery controller and to close/activate the contactors in response to the switch position (e.g., an ignition switch). The primary module converters can be either constantly activated or controllably activated in response to the switch moving into an activated position. For example, a secondary module converter, with a lower power rating, can be used for this primary module converter activation.
B60L 58/21 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
B60L 50/64 - Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
B60L 58/22 - Balancing the charge of battery modules
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
13.
BATTERY MODULES WITH INTEGRATED MODULE CONVERTERS AND METHODS OF OPERATING THEREOF
Described herein are battery modules comprising integrated module converters, electric-vehicle battery systems comprising such modules, and methods of operating thereof. An electric-vehicle battery system comprises a high-voltage battery pack and high-voltage contactors that controllably isolate the pack's high-voltage area from other areas in the vehicle. The pack comprises multiple battery modules with battery cells and a primary module converter constantly connected to these cells. Each module has a lower voltage than the entire pack. The power output from the primary module converters is used to operate a battery controller and to close/activate the contactors in response to the switch position (e.g., an ignition switch). The primary module converters can be either constantly activated or controllably activated in response to the switch moving into an activated position. For example, a secondary module converter, with a lower power rating, can be used for this primary module converter activation.
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
H02M 3/00 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
H01M 50/502 - Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteriesInterconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
A foldable non-highway electric vehicle (EV) for recreational use. The non-highway EV may include a chassis and a foldable battery module coupled to the chassis. The foldable battery module may fold to a position to allow portable transport of the non-highway EV. Suspension may control movement of the wheels relative to the chassis. The suspension may also be set in a plurality of different configurations, including a configuration where the suspension is set in a transport position. With the battery folded and the suspension set in the transport position, the footprint of the non-highway EV may be significantly reduced, to allow for convenient transportation of the non-highway EV.
B60K 1/04 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
B60G 3/20 - Resilient suspensions for a single wheel with two or more pivoted arms, e.g. parallelogram all arms being rigid
B60G 13/02 - Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location, or type of vibration-dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally
B60K 1/02 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
B60K 7/00 - Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60N 2/30 - Non-dismountable seats storable in a non-use position, e.g. foldable spare seats
B62D 5/04 - Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
B60G 11/00 - Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of springs
15.
SWAPPABLE BATTERY MODULES COMPRISING IMMERSION-THERMALLY CONTROLLED PRISMATIC BATTERY CELLS AND METHODS OF FABRICATING THEREOF
Described herein are swappable battery modules comprising immersion-thermally controlled prismatic battery cells and methods of operating thereof. A method comprises positioning a swappable battery module on an external charger comprising charger fluidic ports and sliding the swappable battery module to the charger fluidic ports until these charger's ports are fluidically coupled with the module's fluidic ports. Specifically, the external charger comprises an enclosure and a module support rail slidably coupling the swappable battery module and the enclosure. The module support rail comprises a rail base, a first slider, a second slider, and a lever-based unit, interconnecting the rail base and both sliders. The rail base is fixed to the enclosure, while the second slider is detachably coupled to the module. The two sliders move at different speeds or at the same speed relative to the charger base depending on proximity of the first end plate to the charger base.
H01M 50/553 - Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
H01M 50/507 - Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteriesInterconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising an arrangement of two or more busbars within a container structure, e.g. busbar modules
16.
SWAPPABLE BATTERY MODULES COMPRISING IMMERSION-THERMALLY CONTROLLED PRISMATIC BATTERY CELLS AND METHODS OF FABRICATING THEREOF
Described herein are swappable battery modules comprising immersion-thermally controlled prismatic battery cells and methods of operating thereof. A module comprises a tubular enclosure attached (e.g., glued) to different surfaces of the cells and forming two fluid channels with one side of the cells and two additional fluid channels with the opposite side. The module also comprises a first end plate, which is attached to the tubular enclosure and comprises two electrical terminals for connecting to an electric vehicle (EV) and/or external charger. The first end plate also comprises a first fluidic port (fluidically coupled with two fluid channels) and a second fluidic port (fluidically coupled to the remaining two fluid channels), both are configured to form fluidic coupling to the electric vehicle and/or the external charger. The module also comprises a second end plate that fluidically interconnects paid fluid channels from different cell sides.
H01M 10/6568 - Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
H01M 50/209 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
H01M 50/258 - Modular batteriesCasings provided with means for assembling
H01M 50/367 - Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or caseDouble cover vent systems
H01M 50/507 - Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteriesInterconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising an arrangement of two or more busbars within a container structure, e.g. busbar modules
H01M 50/55 - Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
17.
Swappable battery modules comprising immersion-thermally controlled prismatic battery cells and methods of fabricating thereof
Described herein are swappable battery modules comprising immersion-thermally controlled prismatic battery cells and methods of operating thereof. A method comprises positioning a swappable battery module on an external charger comprising charger fluidic ports and sliding the swappable battery module to the charger fluidic ports until these charger's ports are fluidically coupled with the module's fluidic ports. Specifically, the external charger comprises an enclosure and a module support rail slidably coupling the swappable battery module and the enclosure. The module support rail comprises a rail base, a first slider, a second slider, and a lever-based unit, interconnecting the rail base and both sliders. The rail base is fixed to the enclosure, while the second slider is detachably coupled to the module. The two sliders move at different speeds or at the same speed relative to the charger base depending on proximity of the first end plate to the charger base.
H01M 10/647 - Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
H01M 10/6568 - Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
H01M 50/209 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
H01M 50/507 - Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteriesInterconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising an arrangement of two or more busbars within a container structure, e.g. busbar modules
H05K 7/20 - Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
18.
Compact high-power DC-to-DC converters with out-of-phase converter units and multiple cooling types
Described herein are DC-DC converters with a ratio of the power output to volume of at least 2 kW per liter or even at least 4 kW per liter. Such DC-DC converters can operate at power levels of at least 150 kW or even at least 200 kW. A DC-DC converter comprises an enclosure and a front plate sealed against the enclosure using a set of fasteners. The DC-DC converter also comprises a converter unit comprising a switching sub-module, a diode sub-module, and an inductor as well as an additional converter unit comprising an additional switching sub-module, an additional diode sub-module, and an additional inductor. The switching sub-module and the additional switching sub-module or, more generally, the converter unit and the additional converter unit are configured to operate out of phase. The inductors are immersed cooled, the switching sub-modules are conductively cooled, while the diode sub-modules are convectively cooled.
Described herein are battery modules comprising immersion-cooled prismatic battery cells and methods of fabricating thereof. A battery module comprises prismatic battery cells that are stacked along the primary module axis. The module also comprises top, bottom, and side covers and two end plates, collectively enclosing these battery cells. Each cover forms two fluid channels, both fluidically open to the prismatic battery cells. Furthermore, the module comprises bus bars that interconnect the cell terminals and protrude into the fluid channels formed by the top cover. One end plate comprises two fluid ports for connecting to a thermal management system. Each port is fluidically coupled to one fluid channel, formed by the top cover, and one fluid channel, formed by the bottom cover. The other end plate fluidically couples the two fluid channels, formed by the top cover, and, separately, the two fluid channels, formed by the bottom cover.
H01M 10/6568 - Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
H01M 50/171 - Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids using adhesives or sealing agents
H01M 50/209 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
H01M 50/507 - Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteriesInterconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising an arrangement of two or more busbars within a container structure, e.g. busbar modules
20.
BATTERY MODULES COMPRISING IMMERSION-COOLED PRISMATIC BATTERY CELLS AND METHODS OF FABRICATING THEREOF
Described herein are battery modules comprising immersion-cooled prismatic battery cells and methods of fabricating thereof. A battery module comprises prismatic battery cells that are stacked along the primary module axis. The module also comprises top, bottom, and side covers and two end plates, collectively enclosing these battery cells. Each cover forms two fluid channels, both fluidically open to the prismatic battery cells. Furthermore, the module comprises bus bars that interconnect the cell terminals and protrude into the fluid channels formed by the top cover. One end plate comprises two fluid ports for connecting to a thermal management system. Each port is fluidically coupled to one fluid channel, formed by the top cover, and one fluid channel, formed by the bottom cover. The other end plate fluidically couples the two fluid channels, formed by the top cover, and, separately, the two fluid channels, formed by the bottom cover.
In a training phase, training data may be used to train a supervised machine learning prediction model and an unsupervised machine learning segmentation model. Then, in a testing phase, the supervised machine learning prediction model may be used to predict a target outcome for a test data observation. Also, the unsupervised machine learning segmentation model may be used to evaluate the novelty of the test data observation relative to the training data.
One or more structural equations modeling a physical process over time may be sampled using simulated parameter values to generate input data signal values. A noise generator may be applied to the input data signal values to generate noise values. The noise values and the input data signal values may be combined to determined noisy data signal values. These noisy data signal values may in turn be used in combination with one or more states to train a prediction model.
Techniques and mechanisms described herein provide automated processes for integrating supervised and unsupervised classification results of a test data observation with training data observations in a feature space. Novelty of the test data observation relative to the feature space may be measured using one or more distance metrics. Novelty of a test data observation may be further refined by comparison to a confusion matrix segment determined based on a supervised model. Based on the novelty information, the supervised and/or unsupervised models may be updated, for instance via incremental or batch training.
Described herein is a gearbox for an electric vehicle drivetrain unit comprising a gearbox enclosure, a support rod, a first piston, a second piston, and various hydraulic fluid passages. The support rod extends into the gearbox enclosure and at least partially protrudes/extends into the first and second pistons. The first piston, second piston, and support rod are fluidically connected with the hydraulic fluid passages such that when the gearbox is in a neutral gear, pressurized hydraulic fluid forces the first piston and the second piston against the support rod. When the gearbox is in a first gear, pressurized hydraulic fluid forces the support rod against the gearbox enclosure either directly or through the first piston. When the gearbox is in a second gear, pressurized hydraulic fluid forces the support rod against the gearbox enclosure directly or through the second piston. Also described are electric vehicles and shifting methods.
Described herein are methods and systems for recharging aerial vehicles using ground vehicles. For example, aerial vehicles and ground vehicles can be used in tandem to supplement each other functions (e.g., establishing wireless networks, delivering objects, and area surveillance). Aerial vehicles can operate close to ground vehicles and can use these ground vehicles for periodic recharge. Specifically, ground vehicles can have much larger batteries than aerial vehicles (e.g., electric drones). A method may involve determining the state of charge (SOC) of an aerial vehicle, and, when the SOC is below a threshold, flying and landing this aerial vehicle on one of the ground vehicles. Upon this landing, the aerial vehicle establishes an electrical connection between the charging unit of the ground vehicle and the charging interface of the aerial vehicle. The electrical power is then transferred through this connection to charge the aerial vehicle.
B64U 80/25 - Transport or storage specially adapted for UAVs with arrangements for servicing the UAV for recharging batteriesTransport or storage specially adapted for UAVs with arrangements for servicing the UAV for refuelling
B64U 70/93 - Portable platforms for use on a land or nautical vehicle
B60L 53/30 - Constructional details of charging stations
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
26.
Methods and systems for obtaining and processing images
Described herein are methods and systems for obtaining high-quality images, which may be suitable for various applications such as training and operating artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Specifically, a system may comprise multiple cameras and one or more actuators that are capable of moving these cameras relative to each other. For example, these cameras may form one or more stereo pairs, each pair having its stereo axis. The actuators can change baselines in these pairs and/or tilt these stereo axes relative to the imaged objects to address possible self-similarity issues associated with the shape of these objects and their orientation relative to the cameras. In some examples, the simultaneous images captured by these cameras are used to construct a three-dimensional (3D) model. The fidelity of this model is then used to determine the position of the cameras (as a camera unit or individually for each camera).
Electric lawnmowers comprise drive units and mowing units disengageably coupled to the drive units. For example, a drive unit can be disengageably coupled to any one of multiple mowing units (e.g., rotating mowing units, reel mowing units) collecting forming a mowing system. For example, each of the drive and mowing units may be equipped with corresponding mechanical-engagement structures that are configured to be disengageably coupled. Each mowing unit is equipped with its electric motor (e.g., for rotating the cutting blades or the reel of that unit). The electric motor may comprise an electric connector, which is disengageably coupled to the drive unit's electrical wiring. In some examples, each mowing unit can also form a liquid disengageable coupling for circulating a thermal liquid between the drive unit and mowing unit, e.g., for cooling various components of the drive unit.
Described herein are DC-DC converters with electronic module cooling units used for air-convection cooling of some components of power electronic modules and conductive cooling of other components, e.g., switching sub-modules. A cooling unit may have a heat exchanger and a cooling plate, thermally coupled to one or more heat exchangers and one or more switching sub-modules. For example, the cooling plate can be positioned between and thermally coupled to heat exchangers. One fan can direct air through one heat exchanger and to one power electronic module as a part of convection cooling. An additional fan can direct air through the second heat exchanger and to the second power electronic module. The cooling plate can be also positioned between and thermally coupled to switching sub-modules of these power electronic modules thereby enabling conductive cooling. The plate-cooling liquid is pumped through the cooling plate.
Electric lawnmowers comprise mowing-unit decks with fluid passages used for cooling batteries, power electronics units, and/or drive motors. Specifically, a lawnmower comprises a drive unit (with a battery, power electronics, and one or more drive motors) and a mowing unit (with a mowing-unit deck). The deck's fluid passage is fluidically coupled to the drive unit (e.g., the motor and power electronics). The thermal liquid is heated by the drive unit's components and cooled as the liquid passes through the deck's fluid passage. The mowing unit may be equipped with a pump (for circulating this liquid), which can be powered by an electric motor on the mowing unit. The same motor may be used for rotating the cutting blades. The drive unit may have an additional cooling circuit providing immersion cooling to the batteries.
A01D 34/66 - MowersMowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis mounted on a vehicle, e.g. a tractor, or drawn by an animal or a vehicle with two or more cutters
A01D 34/78 - Driving mechanisms for the cutters electric
Remaining useful life may be estimated for a machine component by training a prediction model, even when limited data from actual failures is available. Feature data such as sensor readings associated with a mechanical process may be collected over time. Such readings may be paired with estimates of remaining useful life, for instance as extracted from unstructured text of maintenance records. Such data may be used to train and test the prediction model.
The failure modes of mechanical components may be determined based on text analysis. For example, a word embedding may be determined based on a plurality of text documents that include a plurality of maintenance records characterizing failure of mechanical components. A vector representation for a particular maintenance record may then be determined based on the word embedding. Based on the vector representation, the particular maintenance record may then be identified as belonging to a particular failure mode out of a set of possible failure modes.
Remaining useful life may be estimated for a machine component by training a prediction model, even when limited data from actual failures is available. Feature data such as sensor readings associated with a mechanical process may be collected over time. Such readings may be paired with estimates of remaining useful life, for instance as extracted from unstructured text of maintenance records. Such data may be used to train and test the prediction model.
The failure modes of mechanical components may be determined based on text analysis. For example, a word embedding may be determined based on a plurality of text documents that include a plurality of maintenance records characterizing failure of mechanical components. A vector representation for a particular maintenance record may then be determined based on the word embedding. Based on the vector representation, the particular maintenance record may then be identified as belonging to a particular failure mode out of a set of possible failure modes.
A first plurality of predictor values occurring during or before a first time interval may be received. An estimated outcome value may be determined for a second time interval by applying a prediction model via a processor to the first plurality of predictor values. A designated outcome value occurring during the second time interval and a second plurality of predictor values occurring during or before the second time interval may be received. An error value may be determined based on the estimated outcome value and the designated outcome value. A drift value for a second time interval may be determined by fitting a function to the second plurality of predictor values. The prediction model may be updated when it is determined that the drift value exceeds a designated drift threshold or that the error value exceeds a designated error threshold.
G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
35.
Battery modules with integrated module converters and methods of operating thereof
Described herein are battery modules comprising integrated module converters, electric-vehicle battery systems comprising such modules, and methods of operating thereof. An electric-vehicle battery system comprises a high-voltage battery pack and high-voltage contactors that controllably isolate the pack's high-voltage area from other areas in the vehicle. The pack comprises multiple battery modules with battery cells and a primary module converter constantly connected to these cells. Each module has a lower voltage than the entire pack. The power output from the primary module converters is used to operate a battery controller and to close/activate the contactors in response to the switch position (e.g., an ignition switch). The primary module converters can be either constantly activated or controllably activated in response to the switch moving into an activated position. For example, a secondary module converter, with a lower power rating, can be used for this primary module converter activation.
B60L 58/21 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
B60L 58/22 - Balancing the charge of battery modules
B60L 50/64 - Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
36.
Electrical vehicles comprising power distribution systems and methods of operating thereof
Described herein are electric vehicles comprising power distribution systems and methods of operating thereof. Specifically, a power distribution system is mechanically coupled to an electric motor, a road wheel, and an auxiliary unit. This system is configured to switch among multiple operating modes and selectively transfer mechanical power among the electric motor, wheel, and auxiliary unit. For example, the power distribution system is configured to transfer mechanical power between the electric motor and the road wheel, but not the auxiliary unit, when switched to a wheel operating mode. The power distribution system is configured to transfer mechanical power between the electric motor and the auxiliary unit, but not the road wheel, when switched to an auxiliary operating mode. The power distribution system is configured to transfer mechanical power between the electric motor, the auxiliary unit, and the road wheel when the system is switched to a combined operating mode.
B60K 1/02 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
B60K 1/04 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
B60W 30/182 - Selecting between different operative modes, e.g. comfort and performance modes
B60W 10/08 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
B60W 10/10 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
B60W 10/12 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of differentials
37.
Charging electric vehicles using DC-to-DC converters with immersion-cooled inductors
Described herein are vehicle charging systems, each comprising a recharge vehicle and a work vehicle configured to form an electrical connection and charge the work vehicle battery from the recharge vehicle battery. In some examples, this charging is performed at 500 kW or more or even at 1,000 kW or more. Furthermore, the connection and/or charging can be performed while both vehicles are moving (e.g., the recharge vehicle moving in front of the work vehicle). The recharge vehicle comprises one or more DC-DC converters, configured to boost a first voltage (V1) of the recharge vehicle battery to a second voltage (V2) of the work vehicle battery. It should be noted that these voltages vary depending on the state of charge of these batteries. In some examples, each DC-DC converter utilizes a combination of immersion, conductive, and convective cooling for different components of the converter.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
38.
Immersion-cooled inductors in DC-to-DC converters and methods of operating thereof
Described herein are DC-DC converters having various immersion-cooling features enabling high-power applications, such as cross-charging electric vehicles. For example, the inductor of a DC-DC converter may be formed using metal and insulator sheets stacked and wound into an inductor coil assembly. The metal sheet comprises grooves, extending parallel to the coil axis and forming coil fluid pathways through this assembly thereby providing immersion cooling to the inductor. An inductor-cooling liquid may be pumped through these fluid pathways while being in direct contact with the metal sheet, at least around the grooves. In some examples, these grooves are distributed along the entire length of the metal sheet. Multiple inductors may be used to enable operations of multiple converter units, e.g., operating out of phase. These inductors may be fluidically interconnectors and have the same cooling features.
Described herein are methods and systems for controlling differential wheel speeds of multi-independent-wheel vehicles, such as four-wheel-drive electric tractors (4WD-ETs). Specifically, a method comprises determining a target speed for each wheel of the vehicle based on at least the steering input. The linear travel speeds (corresponding to these target speeds) of any two wheels are different when the vehicle turns (steering input deviates from a no-steering baseline) or the same when the vehicle travels in a straight line (steering input is at the no-steering baseline). Each target wheel speed is then used to control the rotational speed of the corresponding electric motor, which independently drives one of the vehicle’s wheels. This process of determining the target wheel speeds and independently controlling all electric motors is frequently repeated such that the vehicle can be propelled through the turn at the desired speed with minimal wheel slip.
B60K 7/00 - Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
B60W 10/08 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
B60K 17/356 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
40.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING DIFFERENTIAL WHEEL SPEEDS OF MULTI‑INDEPENDENT-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLES
Described herein are methods and systems for controlling differential wheel speeds of multi-independent-wheel vehicles, such as four-wheel-drive electric tractors (4WD-ETs). Specifically, a method comprises determining a target speed for each wheel of the vehicle based on at least the steering input. The linear travel speeds (corresponding to these target speeds) of any two wheels are different when the vehicle turns (steering input deviates from a no-steering baseline) or the same when the vehicle travels in a straight line (steering input is at the no-steering baseline). Each target wheel speed is then used to control the rotational speed of the corresponding electric motor, which independently drives one of the vehicle's wheels. This process of determining the target wheel speeds and independently controlling all electric motors is frequently repeated such that the vehicle can be propelled through the turn at the desired speed with minimal wheel slip.
B60L 15/20 - Methods, circuits or devices for controlling the propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles, e.g. their traction-motor speed, to achieve a desired performanceAdaptation of control equipment on electrically-propelled vehicles for remote actuation from a stationary place, from alternative parts of the vehicle or from alternative vehicles of the same vehicle train for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
B60W 10/119 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of all-wheel-driveline-means, e.g. transfer gears or clutches for dividing torque between front and rear axles
B60W 10/20 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of steering systems
B60W 60/00 - Drive control systems specially adapted for autonomous road vehicles
B60K 17/34 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
41.
Detection and visualization of novel data instances for self-healing AI/ML model-based solution deployment
A feature data segment may be determined by applying a feature segmentation model to a test data observation. The feature segmentation model may be pre-trained via a plurality of training data observations and may divide the plurality of training data observations into a plurality of feature data segments. A predicted target value may be determined by applying to a test data observation a prediction model pre-trained via a plurality of training data observations. One or more distance metrics representing a respective distance between the test data observation and the feature data segment along one or more dimensions may be determined. The one or more distance metrics may be represented in a user interface. An updated prediction model and an updated feature segmentation model that both incorporate the test data observation and the training data observations may be determined based on user input.
Described herein are swappable battery modules comprising immersion-thermally controlled prismatic battery cells and methods of operating thereof. A module comprises a tubular enclosure attached (e.g., glued) to different surfaces of the cells and forming two fluid channels with one side of the cells and two additional fluid channels with the opposite side. The module also comprises a first end plate, which is attached to the tubular enclosure and comprises two electrical terminals for connecting to an electric vehicle (EV) and/or external charger. The first end plate also comprises a first fluidic port (fluidically coupled with two fluid channels) and a second fluidic port (fluidically coupled to the remaining two fluid channels), both are configured to form fluidic coupling to the electric vehicle and/or the external charger. The module also comprises a second end plate that fluidically interconnects paid fluid channels from different cell sides.
H01M 10/6568 - Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 50/209 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
H01M 50/258 - Modular batteriesCasings provided with means for assembling
H01M 50/367 - Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or caseDouble cover vent systems
H01M 50/507 - Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteriesInterconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising an arrangement of two or more busbars within a container structure, e.g. busbar modules
H01M 50/55 - Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
Described herein are electric vehicles with adjustable battery positions and/or adjustable track widths for controlling vehicle stability. In some examples, an electric vehicle comprises a positioning mechanism configured to move the battery pack relative to the support structure (e.g., operable as the vehicle's frame) to change the vehicle's COG. The battery pack can be moved in response to other vehicle operations, e.g., COG changes caused by adding/moving loads, changes to the route grade, and the like. The battery pack can be slidably coupled to the support structure. In some examples, an electric vehicle comprises a track adjustment mechanism configured to move the vehicle's wheel axle relative to the support structure, along the wheel axle center axis, thereby changing the track width. The wheel axle can be coupled to a hub motor. In some examples, the battery is moved, and/or the track width is changed during the vehicle's operation.
B60K 1/04 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
B60L 58/24 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
H01M 50/249 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
In many industrial settings, a process is repeated many times, for instance to transform physical inputs into physical outputs. To detect a situation involving such a process in which errors are likely to occur, information about the process may be collected to determine time-varying feature vectors. Then, a drift value may be determined by comparing feature vectors corresponding with different time periods. When the drift value crosses a designated drift threshold, a predicted outcome value may be determined by applying a prediction model. Sensitivity values may be determined for different features, and elements of the process may then be updated based at least in part on the sensitivity values.
Described are methods and systems for remote charging of work vehicles using recharge vehicles. A recharge vehicle is equipped with power storage that has a sufficient capacity for propelling the recharge vehicle between a charging station (used for charging the recharge vehicle) and a work location (of the work vehicle) and also for charging the work vehicle at the work location. In some examples, the charging of the work vehicle and even the connection between the vehicles are formed while the work vehicle continues to operate. This approach helps to maximize the operating time of the work vehicle. Furthermore, this approach relaxes the charge rate requirement for charging the recharge vehicle and also for charging the work vehicle as well as the location of the charging station (for charging the recharge vehicle). In some examples, work vehicles and/or recharge vehicles are autonomous vehicles and use vehicle-to-vehicle coordination features.
Described herein are methods and systems for remote charging of work vehicles using recharge vehicles. A recharge vehicle is equipped with power storage that has a sufficient capacity for propelling the recharge vehicle between a charging station (used for charging the recharge vehicle) and a work location (of the work vehicle) and also for charging the work vehicle at the work location. In some examples, the charging of the work vehicle and even the connection between the vehicles are formed while the work vehicle continues to operate. This approach helps to maximize the operating time of the work vehicle. Furthermore, this approach relaxes the charge rate requirement for charging the recharge vehicle and also for charging the work vehicle as well as the location of the charging station (for charging the recharge vehicle). In some examples, work vehicles and/or recharge vehicles are autonomous vehicles and use vehicle-to-vehicle coordination features.
B60L 53/68 - Off-site monitoring or control, e.g. remote control
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
B60L 53/36 - Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles by positioning the vehicle
B60L 53/16 - Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
Electric vehicles include adjustable battery positions and/or adjustable track widths for controlling vehicle stability. In some examples, an electric vehicle comprises a positioning mechanism configured to move the battery pack relative to the support structure (e.g., operable as the vehicle's frame) to change the vehicle's COG. The battery pack can be moved in response to other vehicle operations, e.g., COG changes caused by adding/moving loads, changes to the route grade, and the like. The battery pack can be slidably coupled to the support structure. In some examples, an electric vehicle comprises a track adjustment mechanism configured to move the vehicle's wheel axle relative to the support structure, along the wheel axle center axis, thereby changing the track width. The wheel axle can be coupled to a hub motor. In some examples, the battery is moved, and/or the track width is changed during the vehicle's operation.
B60K 1/04 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B62D 49/06 - Tractors adapted for multi-purpose use
B62D 49/08 - Tractors having means for preventing overturning or tipping
B60L 15/20 - Methods, circuits or devices for controlling the propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles, e.g. their traction-motor speed, to achieve a desired performanceAdaptation of control equipment on electrically-propelled vehicles for remote actuation from a stationary place, from alternative parts of the vehicle or from alternative vehicles of the same vehicle train for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
48.
Remaining useful life prediction for machine components
Remaining useful life may be estimated for a machine component by training a prediction model, even when limited data from actual failures is available. Feature data such as sensor readings associated with a mechanical process may be collected over time. Such readings may be paired with estimates of remaining useful life, for instance as extracted from unstructured text of maintenance records. Such data may be used to train and test the prediction model.
The failure modes of mechanical components may be determined based on text analysis. For example, a word embedding may be determined based on a plurality of text documents that include a plurality of maintenance records characterizing failure of mechanical components. A vector representation for a particular maintenance record may then be determined based on the word embedding. Based on the vector representation, the particular maintenance record may then be identified as belonging to a particular failure mode out of a set of possible failure modes.
Described herein are methods and systems for controlling differential wheel speeds of multi-independent-wheel vehicles, such as four-wheel-drive electric tractors (4WD-ETs). Specifically, a method comprises determining a target speed for each wheel of the vehicle based on at least the steering input. The linear travel speeds (corresponding to these target speeds) of any two wheels are different when the vehicle turns (steering input deviates from a no-steering baseline) or the same when the vehicle travels in a straight line (steering input is at the no-steering baseline). Each target wheel speed is then used to control the rotational speed of the corresponding electric motor, which independently drives one of the vehicle's wheels. This process of determining the target wheel speeds and independently controlling all electric motors is frequently repeated such that the vehicle can be propelled through the turn at the desired speed with minimal wheel slip.
B60K 17/356 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
B60K 7/00 - Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
B60W 10/08 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
51.
Apparatus for Data Coverage Analysis in AI systems
A method of processing data for an artificial intelligence (AI) system includes extracting features of the data to produce a lower dimensional representation of the data points; grouping the lower dimensional representation into clusters using a clustering algorithm; comparing the classes of data points within the clusters; and identifying unrepresented, under-represented, or misrepresented data.
Systems and methods are disclosed for training a previously trained neural network with incremental dataset. Original train data is provided to a neural network and the neural network is trained based on the plurality of classes in the sets of training data and/or testing data. The connected representation and the weights of the neural network is the model of the neural network. The trained model is to be updated for an incremental train data. The embodiments provide a process by which the trained model is updated for the incremental train data. This process creates a ground truth for the original training data and trains on the combined set of original train data and the incremental train data. The incremental training is tested on a test data to conclude the training and to generate the incremental trained model, minimizing the knowledge learned with the original data. Thus, the results remain consistent with the original model trained by the original dataset except the incremental train data.
A vehicle control device capable of improving safety, even when abnormality in the operation of an arithmetic processing unit occurs. A second microcomputer receives trajectory information transmitted from a first microcomputer via a communication line and calculates control commands to actuators to synchronize the arithmetic processing unit allowing the first and second microcomputers to be synchronized. The second microcomputer performs a calculation and compares the result with the calculation result of the first microcomputer so that the second microcomputer can accurately determine whether or not the first microcomputer is abnormal. When the abnormality occurs in the first microcomputer based on the determination, the actuators are controlled by switching to the control commands calculated by the second microcomputer which is synchronized with the arithmetic processing unit. Thus, the device performs seamless self-driving control without the occurrence of abrupt control gaps.
G06F 7/00 - Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
B60W 50/02 - Ensuring safety in case of control system failures, e.g. by diagnosing, circumventing or fixing failures
B60W 30/08 - Predicting or avoiding probable or impending collision
B60W 50/00 - Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit
G06F 11/22 - Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing
B60W 50/06 - Improving the dynamic response of the control system, e.g. improving the speed of regulation or avoiding hunting or overshoot
B60R 16/02 - Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided forArrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric
B60W 50/035 - Bringing the control units into a predefined state, e.g. giving priority to particular actuators
B60W 50/04 - Monitoring the functioning of the control system
patents
