Abstract

Some variations provide an anode material comprising: silicon monoxide in the form of first particles; and lithium vanadium oxide (LVO) with a composition given by LiaVbOc, wherein a=0.1-10, b=1-3, c=1-9, wherein the LiaVbOc is capable of being reversibly lithiated, wherein the LVO is present in the form of second particles that are physically mixed with the first particles. Other variations provide an anode material comprising: a Si/C composite in the form of first particles; lithium vanadium oxide in the form of second particles, wherein the first particles and the second particles are physically mixed together, wherein the Si/C composite is present in a Si/C concentration from about 1 wt % to about 99 wt %, and wherein the LVO is present in a LVO concentration from about 1 wt % to about 99 wt %. Examples are provided, demonstrating the utility of the disclosed technology.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
• H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
• H01M 4/48 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
• H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
• H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries

Abstract

aa bb cc abcaa bb cc wherein the LVO is present in a LVO concentration from about 1 wt% to about 99 wt%. Examples are provided, demonstrating the utility of the disclosed technology.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01G 31/02 - Oxides
• H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
• H01M 4/133 - Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx

Abstract

Existing pre-lithiation methods are beset by many limitations, such as non-uniformity, over-lithiation, poor compatibility with battery components, and scaling challenges. This disclosure provides several technical solutions to the problem of effectively pre-lithiating electrodes. Some variations provide an electrochemical method of pre-lithiating a lithium-ion battery containing lithium vanadium oxide. Porous electrodes ameliorate the V2O5 pre-lithiation procedure, enhancing overall efficiency. Various configurations are disclosed, employing two or three electrodes. Other methods pre-lithiate any electrode material for a lithium-ion battery, utilizing a liquid lithium-ion conductor in a transport path with an electrode precursor powder material, to react lithium with the electrode precursor material, thereby generating a pre-lithiated electrode. Still other methods pre-lithiate any electrode material for a lithium-ion battery, mechanically agitating an electrode precursor material with a solid lithium-containing material, to react lithium with the electrode precursor material, thereby generating a pre-lithiated electrode. Experimental data are presented to demonstrate the technology.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/04 - Processes of manufacture in general
• H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
• H01M 4/42 - Alloys based on zinc
• H01M 4/46 - Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
• H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
• H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
• H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
• H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries

Abstract

255 pre-lithiation procedure, enhancing overall efficiency. Various configurations are disclosed, employing two or three electrodes. Other methods pre-lithiate any electrode material for a lithium-ion battery, utilizing a liquid lithium-ion conductor in a transport path with an electrode precursor powder material, to react lithium with the electrode precursor material, thereby generating a pre-lithiated electrode. Still other methods pre-lithiate any electrode material for a lithium-ion battery, mechanically agitating an electrode precursor material with a solid lithium-containing material, to react lithium with the electrode precursor material, thereby generating a pre-lithiated electrode. Experimental data are presented to demonstrate the technology.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/04 - Processes of manufacture in general
• H01M 4/13 - Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulatorsProcesses of manufacture thereof
• H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
• C01G 31/02 - Oxides
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
• H01M 4/86 - Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
• H01M 4/80 - Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers

Abstract

A lithium-ion battery anode material containing surface-coated disordered rocksalt lithium vanadium oxide is disclosed. The surface coating contains a species selected from the group consisting of carbon, a metal oxide, a metalloid oxide, a metal fluoride, a metalloid fluoride, a metal phosphate, a metalloid phosphate, and combinations thereof. Materials, designs, synthesis methods, and devices related to fast-charging lithium-ion batteries are provided. This invention fills a technology gap by providing anode materials with disordered rocksalt lithium vanadium oxides to achieve fast charging in 10 minutes or less, greater than 200 W·h/kg energy density, a lifetime of at least 10,000 cycles, and improved battery safety. Methods of making and using the optionally surface-coated disordered rocksalt lithium vanadium oxide are disclosed. Many experimental examples are included, demonstrating several remarkable attributes of this battery technology.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
• C01G 31/02 - Oxides
• H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
• H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
• H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries

Abstract

3255. This anode material has a working potential of ~0.6 V versus Li/Li+5.44.41.61.6 provides high-rate capability and a wide operating temperature due to the absence of phase changes or concentration polarization in the electrode. The solid-state lithium-ion battery may be configured to provide over 5,000 cycles to 80% capacity, a 3-minute ultrafast charge time to 80% state of charge, an energy density exceeding 200 W·h/kg and 650 W·h/L, and a wide operating temperature range from –80°C to 350°C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01G 31/02 - Oxides
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
• H01M 10/0562 - Solid materials
• H01M 4/583 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• H01M 4/04 - Processes of manufacture in general

Abstract

A lithium-ion battery anode material containing surface-coated disordered rocksalt lithium vanadium oxide is disclosed. The surface coating contains a species selected from the group consisting of carbon, a metal oxide, a metalloid oxide, a metal fluoride, a metalloid fluoride, a metal phosphate, a metalloid phosphate, and combinations thereof. Materials, designs, synthesis methods, and devices related to fast-charging lithium-ion batteries are provided. This invention fills a technology gap by providing anode materials with disordered rocksalt lithium vanadium oxides to achieve fast charging in 10 minutes or less, greater than 200 W·h/kg energy density, a lifetime of at least 10,000 cycles, and improved battery safety. Methods of making and using the optionally surface-coated disordered rocksalt lithium vanadium oxide are disclosed. Many experimental examples are included, demonstrating several remarkable attributes of this battery technology.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/40 - Alloys based on alkali metals
• C01D 15/02 - OxidesHydroxides
• C01G 31/02 - Oxides
• H01M 4/04 - Processes of manufacture in general
• H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• H01M 4/1391 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
• H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy