Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, and more particularly to means for remotely detecting ice formation and determining environmental conditions. A thermoelectric icing sensor comprises a first thermoelectric assembly containing a first thermoelectric element, a first thermoelectric heat flow sensor and a temperature sensor; a second thermoelectric assembly containing a second thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric heat flow sensor; a thermally conductive plate and a protective casing. The first and second thermoelectric assemblies are mounted spaced apart from one another on a base. Arranged separately on the inner side of the thermally conductive plate, in the gap between the first and second thermoelectric assemblies, is the temperature sensor. The thermoelectric heat flow sensors are connected in series, and the thermoelectric elements are connected to one another. The thermoelectric assemblies, the temperature sensor and the thermally conductive plate are contained within the protective casing, which is open in the region of the outer surface of the thermally conductive plate, forming a channel, the bottom of which is formed by the outer surface of the thermally conductive plate, and the walls of which are formed by the protective casing. The result is that of increasing sensitivity to ice formation or the potential for ice formation, while at the same time increasing the accuracy with which ice formation or the potential for ice formation is determined.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01K 7/02 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
• H10N 10/10 - Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
• H10N 10/851 - Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions

Abstract

The invention relates to measuring technology, and can be used for measuring the root-mean-square values of electrical quantities of direct current and high-frequency alternating current, such as current, voltage and power. A thermoelectric measuring device comprises a resistive element and a thermoelectric module, wherein the resistive element is designed to be capable of emitting heat when an electrical signal to be measured is supplied thereto, and is in thermal contact with a sensitive side of the thermoelectric module, and the thermoelectric module is designed to be capable of measuring the heat emitted by the resistive element and is disposed on a heat dissipating base. The thermoelectric measuring device is highly sensitive to heat flux and provides highly accurate measurement of electrical quantities.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 19/03 - Measuring effective values, i.e. root-mean-square values using thermoconverters
• G01R 21/02 - Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by thermal methods
• H10N 10/10 - Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects

Abstract

The invention relates to measuring equipment and can be used for measuring the root mean square values of electrical signals in a high-frequency range: current, voltage and power, as well as for galvanic isolation or the like. A thermoelectric device for measuring electric current characteristics includes a heater designed to allow the passage therethrough of electric current to be measured, and a heat flux sensor designed to be capable of registering the heat generated by the heater and converting it into a thermal emf output signal. The heater is a thermoelectric Peltier module, and the heat flux sensor is also a thermoelectric Peltier module. A first side of the thermoelectric module of the heater and a first side of the thermoelectric module of the heat flux sensor are connected to one another to form a thermally conductive contact. A second side of the thermoelectric module of the heat flux sensor is designed to allow thermally conductive connection to a thermally conductive base, and a second side of the thermoelectric module of the heater is also designed to allow thermally conductive connection to the thermally conductive base. The technical result is that of enhancing the measured signal, providing a linear transfer characteristic between the measured input current or voltage and the thermal emf output signal, and reducing the influence of external factors.

IPC Classes  ?

• H10N 10/80 - Constructional details

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of temperature measurement and heat measurement and can be used in the operation of icing sensors used to determine the condition, for example, of road surfaces and runways. A method for determining the volume of a sample of an aqueous salt solution using a thermoelectric sensor consists in establishing and stabilizing a starting temperature of a contact surface by regulating a thermoelectric module, then cooling the contact surface at a constant rate by regulating the thermoelectric module, while simultaneously taking readings from a temperature sensor and a heat flux sensor. The heat capacity of a cuvette containing a sample is determined on the basis of the measurement of the quantity of heat passing through the heat flux sensor during cooling from the temperature of the start of the cooling phase to the minimum temperature before the start of crystallization (the supercooling temperature of the sample). The obtained heat flux integral divided by the difference of these temperatures represents the heat capacity of the cuvette. By subtracting the known heat capacity of the dry cuvette, the heat capacity of the sample itself is determined. On the basis of the known specific heat capacity and the physical density of water or of the sample of the aqueous salt solution, the mass and volume of the sample are determined. The technical result is an increase in measurement accuracy.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 25/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phaseInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating sintering of critical pointInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phaseInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating sintering of other phase change
• G01K 17/06 - Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems
• B64D 15/20 - Means for detecting icing or initiating de-icing

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of temperature measurement and heat measurement and can be used in the operation of ice detectors. A method for determining the crystallization temperature of a sample of an aqueous salt solution with the aid of a thermoelectric ice detector containing a thermoelectric module, a temperature sensor and a thermoelectric heat flux sensor includes raising the temperature of the sample to a value known to be above the crystallization temperature of the sample, cooling the sample to a temperature below the crystallization temperature, recording a maximum temperature corresponding to a sudden change in the temperature value of the sample accompanied by a sudden change in the heat flux value, and determining the crystallization temperature of the sample using a calibration coefficient. A method for determining the mass (volume) of a sample of an aqueous salt solution includes determining the crystallization temperature of the sample, determining the mass of the crystallized water fraction of the sample, and determining the mass of the sample itself. The technical result is an improvement in the accuracy of measurements of the crystallization temperature and mass (volume) of a sample of an aqueous salt solution that are carried out with unlimited frequency.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 25/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phaseInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating sintering of critical pointInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phaseInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating sintering of other phase change
• G01K 17/06 - Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems
• B64D 15/20 - Means for detecting icing or initiating de-icing

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of temperature measurement and heat measurement and can be used for the remote detection of icing. A method for determining the phase transition temperature and volume of a sample of liquid includes determining and stabilizing the starting temperature of a contact surface, and subsequently cooling said surface at a constant rate while taking readings from a temperature sensor and a heat flux sensor. The transition phase temperature in the cooling step is determined on the basis of an abrupt change in the temperature of the crystallizing sample. The crystallization end point is determined on the basis of a change in the heat flux. The contact surface is then heated to its starting temperature with readings being taken from the temperature sensor and the heat flux sensor, and the phase transition temperature in the step of heating the crystallized sample is determined on the basis of a change in the slope of the temperature-time curve at the point when the sample stops melting. The mass of the sample is determined on the basis of the heat flux-time curve. The result is more accurate measurement of both the phase transition temperature and the quantitative characteristics of the sample.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 25/04 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phaseInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating sintering of melting pointInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phaseInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating sintering of freezing pointInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phaseInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating sintering of softening point

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of temperature measurement and heat measurement and can be used for the remote detection of icing. A method for determining the phase transition temperature and volume of a sample of liquid includes determining and stabilizing the starting temperature of a contact surface, and subsequently cooling said surface at a constant rate while taking readings from a temperature sensor and a heat flux sensor. The transition phase temperature in the cooling step is determined on the basis of an abrupt change in the temperature of the crystallizing sample. The crystallization end point is determined on the basis of a change in the heat flux. The contact surface is then heated to its starting temperature with readings being taken from the temperature sensor and the heat flux sensor, and the phase transition temperature in the step of heating the crystallized sample is determined on the basis of a change in the slope of the temperature-time curve at the point when the sample stops melting. The mass of the sample is determined on the basis of the heat flux-time curve. The result is more accurate measurement of both the phase transition temperature and the quantitative characteristics of the sample.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 25/04 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phaseInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating sintering of melting pointInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phaseInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating sintering of freezing pointInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phaseInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating sintering of softening point
• G01K 17/06 - Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems
• H10N 10/10 - Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
• B64D 15/20 - Means for detecting icing or initiating de-icing

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, and more particularly to means for remotely detecting ice formation and determining environmental conditions. A thermoelectric icing sensor comprises a first thermoelectric assembly containing a first thermoelectric element, a first thermoelectric heat flow sensor and a temperature sensor; a second thermoelectric assembly containing a second thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric heat flow sensor; a thermally conductive plate and a protective casing. The first and second thermoelectric assemblies are mounted spaced apart from one another on a base. Arranged separately on the inner side of the thermally conductive plate, in the gap between the first and second thermoelectric assemblies, is the temperature sensor. The thermoelectric heat flow sensors are connected in series, and the thermoelectric elements are connected to one another. The thermoelectric assemblies, the temperature sensor and the thermally conductive plate are contained within the protective casing, which is open in the region of the outer surface of the thermally conductive plate, forming a channel, the bottom of which is formed by the outer surface of the thermally conductive plate, and the walls of which are formed by the protective casing. The result is that of increasing sensitivity to ice formation or the potential for ice formation, while at the same time increasing the accuracy with which ice formation or the potential for ice formation is determined.

IPC Classes  ?

• G08B 19/02 - Alarm responsive to formation or anticipated formation of ice
• B64D 15/20 - Means for detecting icing or initiating de-icing