The invention relates to devices for removing dispersed particles from gases or vapours using an electrostatic effect, and more particularly to charged particle filters disposed in a gas stream exiting a waste processing reactor. The technical result toward which the invention is directed is the creation of a charged particle filter of simple design, which makes it possible to retain charged particles in the working chamber of a waste processing reactor and to improve the operating efficiency of a waste processing reactor as a result of an increase in the density of charged particles in the working chamber. The technical result is achieved in a charged particle filter in the form of an electrically conductive screen which is permeable to a gas stream to be filtered and is provided with a system for securing the screen in a charged particle-laden gas stream to be filtered, said system being comprised of electrical insulators.
B03C 3/09 - Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary flat electrodes arranged with their flat surfaces at right angles to the gas stream
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
2.
DEVICE FOR PURIFYING PLASMA-CHEMICAL REACTOR OUTLET GASES
The invention relates to gas purification systems, and more particularly to electric gas purifiers, and can be used in various sectors of industry for removing organic pollutants from plasma-chemical reactor outlet gases. The technical result toward which the invention is directed is the creation of a device for removing organic pollutants from a stream of outlet gases discharged from a plasma-chemical reactor by a gas extraction system, said device purifying the outlet gases of organic pollutants by means of the action thereon of electrons contained in corona discharge streamers occurring between microdroplets of condensed water which are contained in the gas mixture to be purified and which become charged in the device. The technical result is achieved in a device for purifying outlet gases from a plasma-chemical reactor equipped with a gas extraction system, said device being coupled into the extraction system and containing an outer cylinder in the form of a pipe, and a gas swirler disposed on the axis of the pipe and being configured in the form of a single-flight or double-flight or triple-flight or quadruple-flight screw.
The invention relates to the field of solid fuel briquettes based on carbonaceous materials, which are suitable for domestic use for the independent, environmentally clean and economical heating of living and service spaces, as well as for cooking food on braziers, grills and barbecues. The technical result, which consists in providing environmental benefits and mitigating weed infestation of fertile land, is achieved by means of a fuel briquette containing a pre-ground carbonaceous filler and a biomass, wherein the biomass is comprised of ground, compacted and dried Sosnowsky's hogweed plants, and the briquette is dried and compacted to remove liquid content.
An ion-electron waste processing plant comprises a waste feed unit designed so that the ingress of air thereinto is restricted, a triboelectric source of electrically charged particles of matter, a vent pipe with an extractor fan, a reactor in the form of a cavity having an inlet opening coupled to the waste feed unit, a second inlet opening coupled to an outlet of the triboelectric source of electrically charged particles of matter, an outlet opening to which an inlet of the triboelectric source of electrically charged particles of matter is coupled via a charged particle reflector, and a second outlet opening coupled to a device for purifying gases of organic contaminants, said device being in the form of a pipe having secured along the axis thereof a single-start, double-start, triple-start or quadruple-start auger of a gas stream swirler, the outlet of which is connected to a cooling and condensing expansion tank that is connected to the vent pipe with an air extractor fan, wherein the second outlet opening is separated from the interior part of the reactor by a charged particle filter which reflects charged particles into the reactor.
The claimed charged particle source relates to the field of producing a stream of electrically charged particles of a substance without using high-voltage sources. The charged particle source is configured in the form of an inner hollow cylinder and an outer hollow cylinder arranged with a gap therebetween, and a means for organizing a flow of air containing particles of a substance along the surfaces of said cylinders. The flow of air is directed from a first end of the cylinders to a second end. The materials used to produce the cylinder surfaces that form the gap are selected so that, in the presence of friction, the particles of the substance and the surfaces of the cylinders acquire opposite electric charges. The invention makes it possible to simplify the design of the charged particle source.
An inductor for a reactor of a waste processing device is configured in the form of two truncated regular pyramids, the lower bases of which are arranged in one plane, and the upper bases of which are arranged in another plane. The pyramids are rotationally offset from one another about their common axis. Arranged in the planes of the lateral faces of the truncated pyramids are metal plates of the lateral faces, which are connected to metal plates of the lower and upper bases, arranged in the planes of said lower and upper bases such that gaps are formed between the lateral edges of adjacent plates of the lateral faces. Arranged along the common axis of the truncated pyramids is an electrode of the inductor, which is connected to the metal plates of the lower and upper bases and extends beyond the upper base in the direction of an electrode of the reactor. The result is an improvement in the output of the reactor as a result of an increase in the size of the active plasmo-chemical reaction zone therein due to the design of the inductor, which is situated between and with clearance from the electrode and the conductive surfaces of the reactor cavity, reducing the possibility of said zone being closed off by waste fed in via an inlet opening.
B09B 3/50 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving radiation, e.g. electro-magnetic waves
H01T 19/04 - Devices providing for corona discharge having pointed electrodes
C10B 57/00 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
The invention relates to electrostatic friction generators with a moving element in the form of a flow of particulate matter. The technical result toward which the invention is directed is the creation of an electrostatic friction pulse generator having an original design. This technical result is achieved in an electrostatic friction pulse generator in the form of a hollow cylinder and a means for directing a flow of air and particulate matter along the surface of the cylinder. The materials of the cylinder and the particles are selected so that the surface of the cylinder and the particulate matter become oppositely electrically charged as the flow of particulate matter rubs against the surface of the cylinder. Arranged along the axis of the cylinder so as to be separated by a gap are an electrode and a current collector that is connected to a load. The means for directing a flow of air and particulate matter is configured in the form of screens, at the top and bottom of the cylinder, for reflecting flows of air and particulate matter, and an axial fan for drawing in air, which is disposed below the upper screen and has a blade diameter that is less than the inside diameter of the cylinder.
The invention relates to air purification systems, and more particularly to electric air purifiers, and can be used in various sectors of industry for purifying air of contaminants. The technical result toward which the invention is directed is the creation of an air purification device in which purification is carried out by exposing air molecules and particulate contaminants in the air to streamers of corona discharge. This technical result is achieved in an air purification device containing a high-voltage pulse generator, an outer electrode in the form of a grounded metal tube, and an inner electrode in the form of a metal rod, which is rigidly fastened along the axis of the tube by a fastening element, so that streamers of pulsed corona discharge can be generated in the space between the inner and outer electrodes, wherein the inner electrode is separated by a gap from an output electrode of the high-voltage pulse generator, the size of said gap being such as to allow breakdown of the gap by pulses from the high-voltage pulse generator.
B03C 3/06 - Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
F02M 27/04 - Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like by electric means or magnetism
B01D 35/06 - Filters making use of electricity or magnetism
H01T 19/00 - Devices providing for corona discharge
F24F 8/192 - Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by electrical means, e.g. by applying electrostatic fields or high voltages
C01B 13/11 - Preparation of ozone by electric discharge
The invention relates to devices specially designed for cremating human or animal corpses, and more particularly relates to cremation using a method of plasma-chemical destruction. The technical result which the invention seeks to achieve is that of expanding the range of existing technical means by creating a mobile crematorium that allows the plasma-chemical destruction of human or animal corpses. This technical result is achieved in a mobile crematorium containing a chassis on which is mounted a reactor in the form of a closed chamber having an opening that is configured so that human or animal corpses to be cremated can be placed in the reactor and the opening can be closed thereafter, the chamber further having an opening for the discharge of gaseous products, wherein the mobile crematorium further comprises a source of high voltage pulses which is connected to an electrode that extends through an insulator into the reactor, and the inner surfaces of the reactor chamber are partially or completely conductive, a gap being provided between said surfaces and the electrode to allow the formation of corona discharge plasma in the reactor under the influence of the high voltage pulses.
The invention relates to methods for transforming domestic waste, and more particularly to methods for transforming waste with a low water content using a method of plasma-chemical destruction. The technical result which the invention seeks to achieve is that of expanding the range of existing technical means by creating a method that allows the destruction of organic waste with a low water content. This technical result is achieved in a destruction method which involves feeding organic waste with a low water content into a reactor through an inlet opening, additionally feeding biological waste into the reactor, the latter being configured in the form of a closed chamber, the inner surface of which is partially or completely conductive and is earthed, and feeding high voltage pulses to an electrode that extends into the reactor and is insulated from said earthed surface, the high voltage pulses providing for the formation of corona discharge streamers in the space between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.
The invention relates to devices for transforming solid and/or liquid waste, and more particularly to devices for transforming waste using a method of plasma-chemical destruction. The technical result which the invention seeks to achieve is the creation of a reactor that allows the destruction of both organic and inorganic matter contained in solid and/or liquid domestic waste. This technical result is achieved in a reactor in the form of a closed chamber having an inlet opening that is connected to a waste supply device and having an outlet opening for the discharge of gaseous products of the destruction process, wherein the inner surfaces of the chamber are partially or completely conductive, and an electrode extends into the reactor, said electrode being insulated from said inner surfaces and being connected to a source of high voltage pulses, wherein the size of the gap between the electrode and the conductive surfaces provides for the formation of streamers of corona discharge plasma.
The invention relates to methods for transforming domestic waste, and more particularly to methods for transforming waste using a method of plasma-chemical destruction. The technical result which the invention seeks to achieve is that of expanding the range of existing technical means by creating a method that allows the destruction of domestic waste at low temperatures comparable to ambient temperature. This technical result is achieved in a destruction method which involves feeding domestic waste into a reactor through an inlet opening while restricting the ingress of atmospheric air into the reactor, the latter being configured in the form of a closed chamber, the inner surface of which is partially or completely conductive and is earthed, and feeding high voltage pulses to an electrode that extends into the reactor and is insulated from said earthed surface, the high voltage pulses providing for the formation of corona discharge streamers in the space between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.
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