The invention provides a computing device and a computer-implemented method for upgrading an active original virtual machine, OVM, within a Network Function Virtualization, NFV, service chain implemented by a set of computing nodes, to an active upgraded virtual machine, UVM, the method comprising at least steps of: setting the original virtual machine, OVM, to a paused state;
obtaining currently used port information, CUPI, of the active original virtual machine, OVM, to be upgraded;
disassociating all ports from the original virtual machine, OVM, in the paused state;
associating the disassociated ports with the upgraded virtual machine, UVM, based on the obtained currently used port information, CUPI; and
launching the upgraded virtual machine, UVM.
H04L 41/40 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using virtualisation of network functions or resources, e.g. SDN or NFV entities
A solution is provided for processing optical signals, wherein a mixing signal and a transmission carrier are both derived from a single light source, and wherein the mixing signal is located within a frequency band of a received signal and/or wherein the transmission carrier is located within the frequency band of the transmission signal.
A computer-implemented method and system for providing an automatic recovery of at least one service chain including interlinked virtual functions of a cloud computing system is provided. One method includes generating backups of the virtual machines on which virtual functions of the service chain are deployed to provide snapshot states of the respective virtual machines. The method further includes monitoring a status of resources of the compute nodes hosting the virtual machines on which virtual functions of the service chain are deployed to detect failed resources of the compute nodes. The method further includes allowing over-allocation of resources and performing a repositioning of virtual machines on which virtual functions of the service chain are deployed from the detected failed resources to other working resources of the compute nodes of the service chain and initializing the repositioned virtual machines of the service chain to their last snapshot states.
G06F 11/14 - Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation, e.g. by using different operation sequences leading to the same result
H04L 43/20 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks the monitoring system or the monitored elements being virtualised, abstracted or software-defined entities, e.g. SDN or NFV
A broadband optical amplifier is configured to optically amplify an optical signal which is received at an amplifier input port and which includes first spectral components lying within a predetermined first optical band and second spectral components lying within a predetermined second optical band, and to output the amplified optical signal to an amplifier output port. Also provided is a method for designing a broadband optical amplifier including the steps of creating a mathematical model of the broadband optical amplifier, determining the efficiency-optimized design of the reference broadband optical amplifier, determining a maximum value of the wavelength-dependent noise figure of the reference broadband optical amplifier, determining a modified design and using the modified design for setting up a corresponding physical broadband optical amplifier.
A method for compensating a reference frequency shift due to an interaction of resonant light provided by a resonant light source with atoms of an atomic beam crossing a resonant microwave cavity between light interaction zones includes toggling a wavelength of the provided resonant light between a main optical pumping transition, OPT1, and an alternate optical pumping transition, OPT2, of the atoms of the atomic beam while a frequency of the microwave probe signal fed into the microwave cavity is modulated with a frequency modulation depth, FMD. The method further includes computing a wavelength modulation compensation error signal, WM-CES depending on the measured signal amplitudes of Ramsey fringes used to control the frequency of the microwave probe signal fed into the microwave cavity.
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
H03L 7/26 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
6.
Electronic Module, Especially Optical Transceiver Module
The invention relates to an electronic module, especially an optical transceiver module, including a casing, at least a portion of which consists of a thermally conductive material adapted to dissipate heat to the surrounding air or to a neighboring heat sink (heat dissipating portion); and a printed circuit board provided within the casing, the printed circuit board carrying at least one heat producing electronic device on a mounting surface thereof. A table-like heat dissipating element having one or more legs extending from a table top is provided on the mounting surface. The table top covers the at least one heat producing electronic device and the one or more legs contact the mounting surface in an area surrounding the at least one heat producing electronic device. An upper surface of the table top either directly or indirectly contacts an inner surface of the heat dissipating portion of the casing.
A process for removing skew across a set of at least two clients that are members of a particular trunk, the skew removed from a data path from a first communications system component to a second communications system component. The process using a deskew marker to initiate storage of a set of idle primitives in a FIFO for client member of the particular trunk. Releasing in lockstep, idle primitives for the set of FIFO for the set of client members of the particular trunk after receipt of the final deskew marker. Continuing to route subsequent data for the set of clients for that particular trunk through the set of FIFO for the set of clients for that particular trunk. The data path from the first communications system component to the second communications system component may include traversing a fiber optic network.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
Provided is a network node for a coherent optical wavelength division multiplex (WDM) transmission network including at least one remote port which is adapted to receive from and/or output to neighboring network nodes an optical WDM signal including one or more optical channel signals each lying within an optical channel of an optical WDM transmission band and a predetermined number N of local ports, each local port being adapted to receive from a dedicated coherent optical transmitter an optical add channel signal which is to be integrated in an optical WDM signal that is output at a remote port and/or each local port being adapted to output to a respective dedicated optical receiver an optical drop channel signal. The network node includes an optical router device that defines the at least one remote port and further defines an internal remote port, the optical router device being configured to route one or more selected or all optical channel signals included in the optical WDM signal received at a selected remote port as optical drop channel signals to the internal remote port and/or to route one or more optical add channel signals received at the internal remote port to one or more selected remote ports or to all remote ports. The network node further includes a passive optical filter device which is connected, at an internal remote port of the passive optical filter device, to the internal remote port of the optical router device, and which further defines the predetermined number N of local ports. The passive optical filter device is configured to define N optical bandpass filter functions each of which describes a bandpass filter characteristic between the internal remote port of the passive optical filter device and a selected, respectively differing local port. The passband of each optical bandpass filter function covers two or more neighboring optical channels. The passbands of all optical bandpass filter functions differ from each other with respect to the optical channels covered.
An optical detection device and method for detecting temperature changes and/or wavelength changes of an optical probe signal includes transmitting an optical probe signal having a predetermined wavelength to an optical input port of an optical waveguide; detecting first and second optical detection signal at first and second optical output ports via first and second opto-electrical converters which create corresponding first and second electrical signals; measuring values of the first and second electrical signal and determining an absolute temperature or a temperature change of the optical waveguide and/or an absolute wavelength value or a wavelength change of the optical probe signal via values measured of the first and second electrical signals and first and second previously determined wavelengths and temperature dependencies of both first and second power transfer functions.
G01J 9/02 - Measuring optical phase differenceDetermining degree of coherenceMeasuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
G01K 11/32 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
G01M 11/00 - Testing of optical apparatusTesting structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
H01S 5/0683 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters by monitoring the optical output parameters
H01S 5/0687 - Stabilising the frequency of the laser
10.
Method for Determining a Required Adaption of a Bias of an Electro-Optic Modulator
Provided is a method for determining a required adaption of a bias of an electro-optic modulator. The electro-optic modulator includes an input waveguide that is split into two paths. The two paths are then recombined into an output waveguide. The method includes the steps of recording a modulation voltage applied to the electro-optic modulator over a particular amount of time; recording a power at an output of the electro-optic modulator in response to the modulation voltage over the particular amount of time; correlating the recorded modulation voltage and the recorded power; and determining the required adaption of the bias based on the correlation between the recorded modulation voltage and the recorded power.
G02F 1/21 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
11.
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION LINK WITH REMOTE OPTICALLY PUMPED AMPLIFIER
A bidirectional optical communication link, OCL, (1) comprising a first optical transmission link, OTL1, adapted to transmit an optical signal from a near-end location (NEL) via a first optical fiber (2-1) to a remote-end location (REL); and a second optical transmission link, OTL2, adapted to transmit an optical signal from the remote-end location (REL) via a second optical fiber (2-2) to the near-end location(NEL); wherein at least one of the optical transmission links, OTL1, OTL2, comprises a remote optically pumped amplifier, ROPA, (3-1,3-3) having a gain medium which is pumped with pump light received by that gain medium through a third optical fiber (4) from a pump laser source provided at the near-end location (NEL) or provided at the remote-end location (REL) to supply the gain medium of the remote optical pump amplifier, ROPA, (3-1,3-2) with pump power.
A transparent optical overlay network (1) for providing end-to-end optical spectrum services over multiple transparent optical network domains (2) is described. The transparent optical overlay network (1) includes network domain interface devices, NDIDs, (3) provided at domain boundaries between adjacent transparent optical network domains (2). The network domain interface device, NDID (3), monitors and adjusts incoming optical signals received by the NDID (3) from a first transparent optical network domain (2-1) and monitors and adjusts outgoing optical signals output by the NDID (3) to an adjacent second transparent optical network domain (2-2). An overlay network controller (5) manages and controls the end-to-end optical spectrum services by controlling the NDIDs (3). The overlay network controller collects telemetry data (TDATA) for optical spectrum service characterization and SLA policing of the optical spectrum services.
wherein the NCM (40) is configured to generate a performance monitoring metric, PMM (75), based on the digital input signal (73) by compensating distortion in the RPMM (74) caused by the coherent receiver (10) having a smaller bandwidth than the optical signal (71).
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
Provided is an apparatus for determining the temperature of at least one fluid. The apparatus includes an optical fiber. A first end of the optical fiber is connected to at least one fiber tip, and a first additional reflector is introduced into the at least one fiber tip at a first predetermined distance from an outer end of the at least one fiber tip. A second end of the optical fiber is connected to a processing apparatus. The processing apparatus includes an optical source. The optical source is configured to launch an optical signal into the optical fiber, and a coherent detector. The coherent detector is configured to determine the temperature of at least one fluid by receiving a first light signal that corresponds to parts of the optical signal that are reflected at the outer end of the at least one fiber tip when the at least one fiber tip is inserted into the at least one fluid and a second light signal that corresponds to parts of the optical signal that are reflected at the first additional reflector when the at least one fiber tip is inserted into the at least one fluid, determining a difference of the optical phases of the first light signal and the second light signal, and determining the temperature of the at least one fluid based on the difference of the optical phases of the first light signal and the second light signal.
G01K 11/32 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
G01D 5/26 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing memberMeans for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for convertingTransducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
15.
Secured clock synchronization in a packet-compatible network
4 timestamps provided by MCN and sends each paired message to a validation entity (VE) via a secured channel between MCN and VE. When PTP messages traverse transparent clock nodes (TCN) between MCN and CCN, each TCN generates a paired message for each version of PTP message updated thereby and sends each generated paired message to VE via a secured channel between respective TCN and VE. VE uses the received paired messages to provide a validation of the cycle, wherein synchronization-related task(s) (e.g. clock correction by the client clock node, etc.) are provided only subject to successful validation of the cycle by VE.
el,1) by sampling this signal at predetermined points in time; and using the sampled values obtained and corresponding sampled values of an ideal electrical PAM-n transmit signal to determine operating values for the filter parameters and an operating value for the chirp parameter.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
A system installed in a cross-border area between a provider network of a provider and a customer network of a customer includes: a smart optical network termination device (NT) at a site of the customer, wherein the smart optical NT is configured to implement a demarcation point between the customer network and the provider network, and wherein the smart optical NT is independent of a data rate passing through it and an optical interface connected to it; and a monitoring device located at a point of presence (POP) of the provider network. The smart optical NT is further configured to monitor a coupling of optical power by the customer into the provider network and to interact with the monitoring device via at least one traffic analysis point (TAP) for connectivity validation from the POP to the demarcation point.
Provided is a method for reducing the impact of transient effects in an optical network. The optical network includes at least one span, and an optical signal having a plurality of sub-bands travels through at least one span of the at least one span of the optical network. Each of the at least one span has associated amplifiers and the associated amplifiers are connected to launch optical signals into a remainder of a corresponding optical transmission line. Respectively one of the sub-bands of the optical signal traveling through the span is amplified by one of these associated amplifiers. Each of the associated amplifiers includes at least one control element for controlling gain and tilt of the corresponding amplifier. The method includes the steps of for each span, acquiring an actual value of at least one performance parameter; for each span, respectively computing actual settings for each of the control elements included in the amplifiers associated to the corresponding span based on the actual value of the at least one performance parameter of the corresponding span; and for each span, respectively adjusting the settings of each of the control elements included in the amplifiers associated to the corresponding span based on the computed actual settings for the corresponding control element, in order to reduce the impact of transient effects.
There is provided a method of clock recovery and a system thereof. The method comprises: by master clock node or by client clock node, generating a first flow of time-stamped packets bearing indication of high priority of delivery and, in parallel, generating a second flow of time-stamped packets bearing indication of lower priority of delivery. By client clock node, processing the packets from the first flow separately from the packets from the second flow to define, separately for each flow, a function informative of changes of packets' delays in the respective flow over time; using the defined functions informative of changes of packets' delays in the first and the second flows over the same time intervals to assess a cause of the packets' delays changes; and applying a clock recovery algorithm in a manner differentiated in accordance with the assessed cause.
H04L 47/283 - Flow controlCongestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
20.
TIME-SENSITIVE TRANSMISSION OF ETHERNET TRAFFIC BETWEEN ENDPOINT NETWORK NODES
There is provided a technique of time-sensitive transmission of Ethernet traffic in IET-blind network. A source endpoint network node receives expedited and non-expedited Ethernet frames; for each non-expedited Ethernet frame: detects a pre-provisioned designated non-expedited tunnel with a destination endpoint network node corresponding to a destination address specified in the Ethernet frame, segments non-expedited Ethernet frame into a plurality of segments, encapsulates each segment in accordance with the designated non-expedited tunnel; and sends the encapsulated segments to the destination endpoint network node via the designated non-expedited tunnel. When the designated non-expedited tunnel is constituted by a plurality of successive sub-tunnels (e.g. corresponding to a PDU-session of 5G), the technique further comprises initial encapsulating each segment in accordance with a first of successive sub-tunnels and, when swapping to a next sub-tunnel, relaying the encapsulation of each segment according to a network protocol characterizing the next sub-tunnel.
Provided is a method for determining actual values of one or more characteristics of a phase-modulated optical signal. The method includes the steps of acquiring the phase-modulated optical signal by a non-linear device; generating an electrical spectrum based on the acquired phase-modulated optical signal; and extracting actual values of one or more characteristics of the phase-modulated optical signal from the electrical spectrum.
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
A method for providing a maximum channel capacity per optical channel in an optical wavelength division multiplexing, WDM, transmission system is described. The WDM transmission system includes transceivers using multiple optical channels in a WDM channel grid to transport optical signals modulated with a modulation format with a signal symbol rate, SR, via an optical transmission link, OTL, along an optical path from a transmitting transceiver to a receiving transceiver. A channel capacity of the optical channel is maximized while a calculated channel margin, CM, is maintained above a preset minimal channel margin value.
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
23.
Timing system and a method for receiving clock information from a satellite system
An outdoor device of a timing system includes a receiver for receiving clock information from a satellite system, a processing system for running master functionality of a clock synchronization protocol to transfer the clock information to an indoor device of the timing system, and a transceiver for transferring data between the outdoor device and the indoor device. A memory device stores a fixed delay value estimating a time delay from a reception moment of a request message related to the clock synchronization protocol to a transmission moment of a reply message. There is no need to compute a difference between clock times corresponding to the reception moment and the transmission moment because the fixed delay value is used in lieu of the difference in the clock synchronization protocol. Thus, quality requirements related to an oscillator of the outdoor device can be mitigated.
An optical detection device and method for detecting temperature changes and/or wavelength changes of an optical probe signal includes transmitting an optical probe signal having a predetermined wavelength to an optical input port of an optical waveguide; detecting first and second optical detection signal at first and second optical output ports via first and second opto-electrical converters which create corresponding first and second electrical signals; measuring values of the first and second electrical signal and determining an absolute temperature or a temperature change of the optical waveguide and/or an absolute wavelength value or a wavelength change of the optical probe signal via values measured of the first and second electrical signals and first and second previously determined wavelengths and temperature dependencies of both first and second power transfer functions.
G01K 11/32 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
G01M 11/00 - Testing of optical apparatusTesting structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
G01J 9/02 - Measuring optical phase differenceDetermining degree of coherenceMeasuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
H01S 5/0683 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters by monitoring the optical output parameters
H01S 5/0687 - Stabilising the frequency of the laser
25.
Method and network control device for optimizing performance of a multi-span optical fiber network
The present invention relates to a method for optimizing performance of a multi-span optical fiber network. Each span has an associated optical transmission fiber connected to an associated optical amplifier. Gain and output power of the associated optical amplifier are respectively controlled independently. An amplifier noise figure respectively depends on the gain of the associated optical amplifier, with each associated optical amplifier further connected to launch optical signals into a remainder of a corresponding optical transmission line. The method includes the steps of for each span, computing the amplifier noise figure and a non-linear noise generated in the span based on information about the span and using the computed amplifier noise figure and the computed non-linear noise to compute an optimum launch power, and optimizing performance of the multi-span optical fiber network based on the computed optimum launch powers of all spans.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
H04B 10/69 - Electrical arrangements in the receiver
H04B 17/336 - Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR]
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
The invention relates to a method for migrating data traffic from an existing optical WDM transmission system to a new optical WDM transmission system, the existing optical WDM transmission system using a first optical transmission band and the new optical WDM transmission system being capable of using a second optical transmission band. The second optical transmission band at least partially includes the first optical transmission band and a further extension band that does not overlap with the first optical transmission band, the method including the steps of. According to the invention, a migration filter device is used in order to connect, during a migration phase, the network nodes of the existing system and the network nodes of the new system to the network paths that have been used by the existing system. During the migration phase, both systems are operated in parallel, with the new system using the extension band only. In this way, during the migration phase, the data traffic handled by the existing system can stepwise be switched to the new system. After all data traffic has been switched to the new system, the existing system can be deinstalled. The migration filter devices can stepwise be deinstalled.
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
H04L 12/803 - Load balancing, e.g. traffic distribution over multiple links
An apparatus for management of a spectral capacity of a wavelength division multiplexing, WDM, system includes at least one pair of transmission fibers provided for transporting optical signals. Each transmission fiber of a transmission fiber pair is connected to a first port of an optical circulator having at least two additional ports and adapted to transmit an incoming optical signal entering one of its ports via its next port. WDM subsystems configured with counter-propagating assignable wavelengths are connected to associated ports of the optical circulator of the apparatus.
An apparatus (1) comprising hardware equipment (3) having hardware components (10) enclosed by a chassis (2) having a front side (2A) and a rear side (2B), and auxiliary equipment (5) movable within the chassis (2) along at least one transportation rail (7) with a non-linear trajectory extending in horizontal plane between a first position at the front side (2A) of the chassis (2) and a second position behind the hardware equipment (3) at the rear side (2B) of the chassis (2), wherein a part of the hardware components (10) is at least temporarily removable from the chassis (2) or movable within the chassis (2) to provide space (11) for moving the auxiliary equipment (5) within the chassis (2) along the at least one transportation rail (7) between the first and second position.
An apparatus adapted to perform spectrometric measurements, said apparatus comprising a tunable laser light source adapted to generate a laser light with an excitation wavelength supplied to an optical sensor which produces a sample specific response light signal; an optical reference filter adapted to measure laser light with the excitation wavelength fed back as a reference signal to provide wavelength calibration of the tunable laser light source; at least one optical measurement filter adapted to measure the sample specific response light signal produced by the optical sensor, wherein the optical reference filter and the at least one optical measurement filter are thermally coupled to maintain a constant wavelength relationship between the filter characteristics of the optical filters.
G01N 21/39 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
G01N 21/77 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
30.
System and method of synchronizing a distributed clock in a packet-compatible network
There is provided a technique of clock managing in a packet data network implementing a time-transfer protocol. The technique comprises: modifying, by the timing-server, a timestamp record to enable a controllable access to data informative of the least significant part of clock-informative data (CLSP data), wherein modifying the timestamp record comprises modifying the least significant part of the timestamp record (RLSP) to comprise the CLSP data in an encrypted form or to comprise values substituting, in a predefined manner, the CLSP data; transferring the modified timestamp record to all timing-clients, wherein CLSP data are transferred in a controllable access manner; enabling access to the CLSP data merely to authorized timing-clients among the plurality of timing-clients; and enabling the authorized timing-clients to obtain the CLSP data and synchronize the respective clocks using the CLSP data together with data informative of the most significant part of the clock-informative data.
Computer-implemented method for reducing service disruption times for a universal customer premise equipment, uCPE, device with resource constraint in a network functions virtualization, NFV, network infrastructure
A computer-implemented method for reducing service disruption times in a network functions virtualization, NFV, network infrastructure includes at least one universal customer premise equipment, uCPE, having hardware resources used for running virtual network functions, VNFs, on virtual machines, VMs. In response to a request for substituting an implemented virtual network function, VNF, linked to other virtual network functions, VNFs, in a VNF service chain by another substitution VNF resource allocation ratios of available hardware resources of the universal customer premise equipment, uCPE, are automatically increased from a default value by oversubscription to provide the hardware resources required by the substitution VNF.
G06F 9/455 - EmulationInterpretationSoftware simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
H04L 41/5054 - Automatic deployment of services triggered by the service manager, e.g. service implementation by automatic configuration of network components
32.
Method and apparatus for correcting a packet delay variation
worst; and applying (S5) at the receiver an additional delay to the high-priority express packet according to the calculated variation compensation delay, VCD, value to compensate the preemption delay, PD, introduced by the preemption mechanism at the transmitter (2).
H04L 47/283 - Flow controlCongestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
33.
Correlation optical time domain reflectometry method and system
The present disclosure relates to an optical time domain reflectometry method including the steps of feeding a plurality of unipolar optical probe signals to a near end of an optical path under test, receiving a corresponding plurality of reflected unipolar optical receive signals, creating a corresponding plurality of digital receive data signals, calculating at least one correlation signal by correlating the digital receive data signals with a bit sequence corresponding to a respective probe bit sequence, and determining the signal propagation delay between the near end of the optical path and a respective reflective position. The present disclosure also relates to an optical time domain reflectometry system in which this method is implemented and a computer program having instructions to cause the optical time domain reflectometer and to execute the method herein.
H04B 10/071 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
The invention relates to a storage tray for protecting one or more optical fibers mechanically coupled to an optoelectronic device, characterized in that it is configured to be capable of coupling with the optoelectronic device, and comprising a fiber storage portion which is configured to receive and store the one or more optical fibers. The present invention also relates to an assembly comprising a storage tray according to the invention, and an optoelectronic device, wherein one or more optical fibers are coupled to the optoelectronic device, and wherein the one or more optical fibers are stored in the fiber storage portion of the storage tray.
A process for using a boot loader to load a set of boot commands to a device such as an embedded system before loading a system application. The process may use a combination of a read-only boot source and a pair of upgradable boot sources. Process also includes a power cycle to put system into a known state.
An alternative process may simply use a pair of upgradable boot sources. The processes are resilient to failed updates of an upgradable boot source. After a successful update of an upgradable boot source, a request for a power cycle causes the device to immediately enter a known state and use the updated upgradable boot source.
Dynamically allocating workloads to a fixed number of CPU resources within a compute platform. Determining whether a workload should be in a Dedicated Class of workloads and assigned to a dedicated CPU resource or in a Shared Class of workloads that is handled by a set of at least one shared CPU resource, wherein a shared CPU resource may service more than one workload. The determination may be made based on a comparison of a parameter from two samples of a parameter taken at different times. The determination may be made using metadata associated with the workload. The determination may be made repeatedly so that some workloads may change from being in the Dedicated Class to the Shared Class or from the Shared Class to the Dedicated Class. High availability virtual network functions may be handled economically by deeming the failover workloads to be in the Shared Class.
An optical endless phase shifting device includes a Mach-Zehnder structure operated in push-pull configuration and that creates a differential phase shift. The first stage outputs combined signals which are phase shifted by a phase shift of zero or π in the second stage by phase shifters provided in both arms of the second stage or in a first arm only. These additionally phase-shifted signals are combined to at least one output signal. A control device controls the phase shifters such that endless shifting capability is provided by switching one of the phase shifters or the single phase shifter of the second stage to the respective other value when the differential phase shift reaches a given range of the differential phase shift of [0;π/2] in the configuration with two phase shifters in the second stage or [0;π/2] in the configuration with only one phase shifters in the second stage.
G02B 6/293 - Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
G02F 1/21 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
Allowing a network function (such as a router, firewall or SD-WAN endpoint) or service chain of network functions to transparently access a network uplink, while also allowing a set of management entities to access the same link without interference or configuration. To the extent that a conflict arises between ports allocated to the management functions and to the network functions, the relevant port is automatically removed from use by management functions and allocated to network functions to end the conflict.
The invention relates to a method for optically sensing a parameter of the group of temperature, humidity or mechanical stress using at least one optical sensor which includes a chirped Bragg grating and an optical reference reflector. The method includes the steps of; creating at least one optical probing signal having a predetermined center wavelength and a bandwidth that lies, for the whole range of the parameter to be sensed, within the reflection bandwidth of the chirped Bragg grating; feeding the at least one optical probing signal to the at least one optical sensor; receiving at least one optical reflection signal created by the at least one optical sensor, wherein the at least one optical reflection signal includes, for each of the at least one optical sensor, a first partial reflection signal created by the optical reference reflector and a second partial reflection signal created by the chirped Brag grating of the respective at least one optical sensor; measuring the group delay between the first and second partial reflection signal created by each of the at least one optical sensor; and determining, for each of the at least one optical sensors, an absolute or relative value of the at least one parameter using the group delay measured and a reference information. The invention further relates to a sensor arrangement for implementing the method as well as to an optical sensor that is suitable for being used in such a sensor arrangement.
G01L 1/24 - Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis
G01D 21/02 - Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
G01K 11/3206 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
40.
Method and apparatus for automatic detection of antenna site conditions
A method for automatic detection of antenna site conditions, ASC, at an antenna site, AS, of an antenna, A, the method comprising the steps of providing (S1) signal source observations, SSO, derived from signals received by the antenna, A, from at least one signal source, SS, and transforming (S2) the signal source observations, SSO, into images fed to a trained image-processing artificial intelligence, AI, model which calculates antenna site conditions, ASC, at an antenna site, AS, of the respective antenna, A.
G06V 10/44 - Local feature extraction by analysis of parts of the pattern, e.g. by detecting edges, contours, loops, corners, strokes or intersectionsConnectivity analysis, e.g. of connected components
G06V 10/764 - Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using classification, e.g. of video objects
G06V 10/82 - Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using neural networks
G01S 19/35 - Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
G01S 19/36 - Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain relating to the receiver frond end
G06N 3/044 - Recurrent networks, e.g. Hopfield networks
A method for efficient utilization of a transport capacity provided by an optical transport network includes mapping client signals comprising lower order optical data units into optical data tributary units, each requiring a number of tributary slots of an aggregate payload area having a size corresponding to the available aggregated OPU payload areas of Nx independent higher order optical data units to be transported. The method further includes multiplexing the optical data tributary units into the aggregate payload area. The method further includes mapping the tributary slots of the aggregate payload area into tributary slots provided by the OPU payload areas of the Nx independent higher order Optical data units according to a predefined mapping rule. The method further includes multiplexing the Nx independent optical data units containing the payload areas or transmitting them as optical transport units.
A method for removing static differential delays resulting from an independent transport of the client signals of a client signal bundle through an optical transport network, OTN, which comprises OTN mappers mapping received client signals to ODU signals transported to OTN demappers demapping received ODU signals to client signals, wherein a process slave, PS, at the OTN mapper end of said OTN network supplies continuously or in response to a received request information about timing relations between the client signals of said client signal bundle to a process master, PM, at the OTN demapper end of said OTN network used by the process master, PM, to remove the static differential delays between the client signals of the respective client signal bundle.
H01Q 11/00 - Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
H04J 3/16 - Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
H04Q 11/00 - Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
An electro-optical assembly comprises a substrate having a support-surface, and a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) mounted with a contact surface on the support-surface. The (PIC) comprises an integrated optical waveguide structure defining at least two waveguide end faces, at an edge surface of the PIC, perpendicular to its contact surface, and forming optical ports. An optical coupling device, mounted with a contact surface on the support-surface, optically connects at least two optical fibers to the PIC and comprises an optical waveguide structure-defining at least two front waveguide end faces provided at a front edge surface thereof, perpendicular to its contact surface. The number of front waveguide end faces corresponds to the number of the waveguide end faces. The optical coupling device is positionable during an active positioning process to align the respective waveguide end faces. A method of manufacturing such an electro-optical assembly is also provided.
G02B 6/44 - Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
G02B 6/42 - Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
G02B 6/28 - Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
44.
Determination of the latency of an optical transmission link
Disclosed is a method for determining the link latency of an optical transmission link which includes an end node at each end and one or more pass-through nodes. Each pair of neighboring nodes is connected, at a connection port of each node, by an optical connecting path. Each pass-through node includes an optical pass-through path between its connection ports. The optical connecting paths and optical pass-through paths form an optical link path. A delimiter device includes a delimiter element provided at each connection port of each node. The delimiter element forms a demarcation within the optical link path. According to the method the following steps are carried out: measuring, for each pair of neighboring nodes, a section latency by transmitting a section probe signal from a first one of the pair of nodes to the second one of the pair of nodes; measuring, at the first node, a first time delay of a first reflection signal, which is created by the delimiter element of the delimiter device of the first node by reflecting a power portion of the section probe signal, and a second time delay of a second reflection signal, which is created by the delimiter element of the delimiter device of the second node by reflecting a power portion of the section probe signal received from the first node; and calculating the section latency as half the difference between the second time delay and the first time delay; determining, for each pass-through node either theoretically or by measurement, a pass-through latency of an internal optical pass-through path between the delimiter elements of the delimiter devices of the respective pass-through node; and adding all section latencies and pass-through latencies in order to obtain the link latency of the optical link path.
H04B 10/071 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
H04Q 11/00 - Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
45.
Pluggable aggregation module for an optical network
A pluggable aggregation module adapted to be plugged into a network device of an optical network, said pluggable aggregation module comprising optical frontends configured to connect said pluggable aggregation module with a corresponding number of modules to exchange optical signals via optical fibres in legacy signal formats; and an electrical conversion circuit configured to convert the legacy signal formats to an internal signal format used by said network device.
MAX-OL, of the optical link, OL, on the basis of measured link data transported through the optical link, OL, via the at least one data traffic carrying channel, CH.
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
H04B 10/58 - Compensation for non-linear transmitter output
A method and apparatus for increasing the operation lifetime of a beam tube are provided. The method includes converting an electrical current output by the beam tube into an intermediate voltage to provide a voltage signal used for changing an electron multiplier polarization voltage applied to an electron multiplier by a power supply unit controlled by an electron multiplier gain control signal generated by a controller. The controller regulates the electrical current output by the beam tube to keep it below a characteristic current threshold by adjusting the electron multiplier gain control signal until it reaches a predefined maximum value. The voltage signal applied to the controller is regulated by increasing the variable gain of a voltage amplifier to compensate for a drop in electrical current output by the beam tube caused by the aging of the electron multiplier until the applied voltage signal reaches a predefined minimum value.
H03L 7/26 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
G04F 5/14 - Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
H01J 37/244 - DetectorsAssociated components or circuits therefor
48.
Device and method of forwarding data packets in a virtual switch of a software-defined wide area network environment
A method, device, and computer-program product of forwarding data packets in a virtual switch is provided. The virtual switch comprises: first, second and third virtual ports for respectively receiving/transmitting: LAN traffic from/to a physical LAN port; secured traffic from/to a physical secured traffic port; and Internet traffic from/to a physical Internet port. The method comprises: determining, for selected data packets of the outbound traffic, signature information; storing the signature information and information identifying associated packets; outputting the outbound traffic for processing by a virtual machine; receiving at least a portion of the outbound traffic as outbound secured traffic for supply to the secured port; determining whether each data packet of the outbound secure traffic matches the dedicated signature information and responsively controlling the forwarding of the respective data packet as part of the outbound secured traffic to the secured port and/or creating a SUSPICIOUS SOURCE alarm.
H04L 12/935 - Switch interfaces, e.g. port details
H04L 12/713 - Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP] using node redundancy, e.g. VRRP
H04L 12/723 - Label or tag based routing, e.g. multi-protocol label switching [MPLS] or generalised multi-protocol label switching [GMPLS]
H04L 12/947 - Address processing within a device, e.g. using internal ID or tags for routing within a switch
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
49.
Method and device of determining a time-of-flight of an optical signal between a starting point of an optical path and a reflection point within the optical path
The invention relates to a method of determining a time-of-flight of an optical signal between a starting point and a reflection point of an optical path, comprising: supplying to the path at least one optical probing signal; detecting an electrical return signal according to an optical return signal returning from the path in response to a corresponding one of the probing signals using direct detection; deriving at least one receive code sequence by sampling and slicing the return signal using a sampling rate corresponding to a bit rate of a sequence of pulses of the probing signal; determining a correlation function by correlating the transmit code sequence and the at least one receive code sequence; and identifying a main peak of the correlation function that corresponds to the reflection point and a time position of the peak, and determining the time-of-flight as the time position of the peak.
H04B 10/071 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
H04L 7/00 - Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
A network edge device may be placed at a location to participate in a VLAN using a specific VLAN ID without expressly programming the network edge device to use that specific VLAN ID. The network edge device is connected to a network to receive ingressing frames from the network and to send egressing frames to the network. The network edge device copies a specific VLAN ID from an ingressing VLAN message into memory and subsequently reads the specific VLAN ID from the memory for use in tagging frames egressing from the network edge device with the specific VLAN ID so that the egressing frames are VLAN conformant. The network edge device may communicate with non-edge devices at the same location as the network edge device.
An apparatus and method for optimizing dynamically the performance of an optical network, said apparatus comprising at least one learning engine adapted to update a learning model in response to network metrics of said optical network collected during operation of said optical network, wherein the updated learning model is used to generate channel rank information for network channels; and a recommendation engine adapted to change a network channel throughput, a signal path and/or a spectral location of at least one network channel based on the channel rank information generated by the learning model of said learning engine.
H04B 10/07 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
52.
Method and apparatus for performing event-driven diagnostics or prognostics of a network behaviour of a hierarchical optical network
A method and apparatus for performing event-driven diagnostics and/or prognostics of a network behaviour of a hierarchical optical network comprising the steps of recording at least one set of historical multi-level events representing different hierarchy levels of said optical network; mining of machine learned event patterns within the recorded multi-level events; mapping the determined mined event patterns to a multi-level network topology of said optical network and/or to a channel connectivity of channels through said optical network; and matching observed real-time multi-level target events of said optical network with at least one of the previously determined mined event patterns and performing a unified cause and effect analysis of network states and/or network components of said optical network for a recognized matching event pattern using the network topology and/or channel connectivity associated with the matching event pattern.
Assisted port identification by connection an Activation device to a physical port and detecting a state change for a particular software virtual interface
Process to associate a set of physical ports on a physical device with a set of software virtual interfaces. Process includes placing the set of software virtual interfaces to be associated with a set of N physical ports in an enabled state which has a first link state when no activation device is connected to a particular software virtual interface and a second link state when an activation device is connected to the particular software virtual interface. Connecting an activation device such as a loopback connector to a physical port to shift the software virtual interface to the second link state to map that particular physical port to that particular software virtual interface.
According to an example, virtual machine (VM) migration may include generating a redundant tunnel between a common edge device (ED) of a plurality of common EDs of a multi-site network (MSN) and a gateway ED of the MSN. A gateway media access control (MAC) address and a static route may be configured for forwarding an Internet protocol (IP) message between the common ED and the gateway ED using the redundant tunnel.
An apparatus for automatic amplifier gain setting of an optical amplifier, said apparatus comprising an optical channel counter, OCC, unit configured to detect a number of channels present in an optical transmission spectrum; a determination unit configured to determine an average power per channel calculated by dividing a measured total power of a signal input and/or signal output of the optical amplifier by the number of channels detected by said optical channel counter, OCC, unit and a gain adjustment unit configured to adjust the amplifier gain of said optical amplifier automatically depending on a calculated power difference between a predetermined desired power per channel and the determined average power per channel provided by said determination unit.
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
H04B 10/294 - Signal power control in a multiwavelength system, e.g. gain equalisation
H03G 3/30 - Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
H04B 10/69 - Electrical arrangements in the receiver
56.
Method and system for establishing at least two bidirectional communication links using coherent detection
A method for establishing bidirectional communication links includes: supplying, to at least two optical transceiver modules at each side of at least two optical paths, a multiplexed optical CW signal comprising at least two optical CW signals having the same differing wavelengths, and modulating the multiplexed optical CW signal according to modulation signals; creating, at each side of the optical paths, at least two first and second optical transmit signals by optically filtering the modulated optical signals so that only a single wavelength remains, and routing pairs of a first and second optical transmit signal to the optical paths, wherein the optical transmit signals of each pair have differing wavelengths and wherein the optical transmit signals transmitted in the same direction over the same optical paths have differing wavelengths; receiving each optical transmit signals at a dedicated optical transceiver module by mixing it with the multiplexed optical CW signal.
A system 1 for remote sensing of information to be transmitted, said system 1 comprising; an optical time-domain reflectometer, OTDR, 2 adapted to transmit an optical probe signal OPS into an optical fiber 3 and to measure a backscattered signal power; and at least one electro-optical signaling unit 4 connected to said optical fiber 3, wherein the electro-optical signaling unit 4 is configured to change an attenuation and/or a reflection of the optical probe signal OPS depending on at least one signal provided by one or more signal sources 5 in response to the information to be transmitted.
G01D 5/34 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing memberMeans for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for convertingTransducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
G01D 5/353 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing memberMeans for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for convertingTransducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
G01J 1/42 - Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
G08B 13/186 - Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelengthActuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems by interruption of a radiation beam or barrier using light guides, e.g. optical fibres
H04B 10/071 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
G01M 11/00 - Testing of optical apparatusTesting structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
G08B 17/103 - Actuation by presence of smoke or gases using a light emitting and receiving device
58.
System and method for proactive traffic restoration in a network
A system for proactive traffic restoration in a network includes at least one forecasting engine that models and forecasts traffic patterns of at least one traffic channel along a signal path of the network to provide forecast traffic quality metrics, y. The system further includes at least one time-to-failure, TTF, analyzer that calculates a time-to-failure, TTF, forecast for the traffic channel based on the forecast traffic quality metrics, y. The calculated time-to-failure, TTF, forecast is evaluated to trigger a proactive network traffic restoration.
A method and apparatus for transporting data through a single optical fiber (SOF) the method comprising the steps of providing (S1) transmission Tx, wavelength division multiplexed, WDM, data channels and reception Rx, wavelength division multiplexed, WDM, data channels having the same frequency grid with frequency gaps between the WDM data channels; frequency shifting (S2) the Tx-WDM data channels and/or the Rx-WDM data channels to avoid spectral overlap between the Tx-WDM data channels and the Rx-WDM data channels; combining (S3) the frequency shifted Tx-WDM data channels and the frequency shifted Rx-WDM data channels; and transporting (S4) data via the combined WDM data channels through said single optical fiber (SOF) in opposite directions.
A photonic chip includes a connecting means, a substrate, and a waveguide layer. The photonic integrated waveguide and the optical fiber each have a front end portion. The connecting means includes a groove configured to receive the front end portion of the optical fiber. The groove is essentially U-shaped in its cross section, and the groove has a bottom surface and two inner side surfaces. A least one of both inner side surfaces of the U-shaped groove has a coating of an elastic material configured to hold in place the optical fiber after it is inserted into the groove. The invention further relates to an optical device which includes a photonic chip and an optical fiber, as well as a method or production of such a photonic chip.
G02B 6/30 - Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
G02B 6/00 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
A fill level control apparatus configured to control the average fill level of an asynchronous first-in-first-out, FIFO, the fill level control apparatus comprising an offset calculation unit adapted to or configured to calculate the offset between a programmable target average fill level and the current average fill level of the FIFO and an adjustment unit adapted to or configured to adjust continuously the empty rate of the FIFO in response to the calculated offset to keep the average fill level of the FIFO constant.
G06F 5/14 - Means for monitoring the fill levelMeans for resolving contention, i.e. conflicts between simultaneous enqueue and dequeue operations for overflow or underflow handling, e.g. full or empty flags
G06F 1/08 - Clock generators with changeable or programmable clock frequency
H04L 7/00 - Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
G06F 5/12 - Means for monitoring the fill levelMeans for resolving contention, i.e. conflicts between simultaneous enqueue and dequeue operations
62.
Method and device for determining the latency or length of an optical path, especially an optical fiber, of a fiber-optic transmission link
A method for determining the latency or length of an optical path of a fiber-optic transmission link includes: starting a measurement cycle at a first point in time; stopping the measurement cycle at a second point in time after having received a last measurement bit or bit pattern at the first end; determining, at the first end, the total round-trip delay of the optical path by evaluating a time information available at the first end; and calculating the length of the optical path by using the total round-trip delay and the group velocity characterizing the signal propagation along the optical path.
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
An optical connecting system for connecting a first and a second optical device includes a first and a second multi-fiber device connector included in the first and second optical device and a multi-fiber optical connection cable including a plurality of optical fibers and having a first and a second multi-fiber cable connector at a first and second end thereof and being adapted to be connected to the first and second multi-fiber device connector. The optical devices are configured to transmit to and/or receive from the other optical device wanted optical data signals via optical fibers of the multi-optical fiber connection cable.
An optical time-domain reflectometer, OTDR, apparatus is configured to measure a backscattered trace of a fiber link under test (FLUT). The OTDR apparatus includes at least one photo diode adapted to detect an optical signal reflected from points along the fiber link under test in response to an optical test signal generated by a laser of the OTDR apparatus and supplied to the fiber link under test. The reflected optical test signal is attenuated or amplified automatically such that the power of the optical signal received by the photodiode is limited to a predetermined power range.
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
G01M 11/00 - Testing of optical apparatusTesting structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
H04B 10/071 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
65.
Life cycle network management system for performing life cycle and maintenance management of distributed network devices
A life cycle network management system for performing life cycle management of distributed network devices, each network device comprising a communication link to a central network management unit and an attached transponder configured to store life cycle data of the network device updated by said network device, wherein if the communication link between the network device and the central network management unit is at least temporarily unavailable the updated life cycle data of the network device stored in the attached transponder is read by an interrogation unit of the life cycle network management system and processed to provide a life cycle management result.
A network element is provided that includes a signal interface for receiving satellite signals transmitted by a satellite system and a processing system for producing the timing information based on the satellite signals and on assistance information received from a data transfer network. The network element transmits the timing information to the data transfer network in accordance with a timing transfer protocol. At a start-up, the network element requests a dynamic host configuration protocol server to send host configuration data containing a protocol address to be associated with the network element. The network element reads, from the host configuration data, information enabling the network element to get aware of the assistance information and obtains the assistance information in accordance with the read information. Thus, the dynamic host configuration protocol server enables the network element to operate as a network-assisted source of satellite-based timing.
A wavelength division multiplexing, WDM, network comprising an apparatus adapted to manage a frequency spectrum in the wavelength division multiplexing, WDM, network, the apparatus comprising an adjustment unit adapted to adjust a frequency offset between carriers for each individual carrier depending on performance characteristics of the individual carriers.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
A chromatic dispersion compensation apparatus for automatic compensation of chromatic dispersion of signals transmitted via an optical link at predetermined wavelengths of WDM channels within a predetermined band. A tapping unit taps optical signals received by the chromatic dispersion compensation apparatus via the optical link at predetermined wavelengths and supply them to an optical coherent receiver adapted to tune its local oscillator to WDM channels to generate corresponding analog electrical signals of the WDM channels which are sampled by an analog digital converter to provide digital signal samples of WDM channels processed by a digital signal processor of the chromatic dispersion compensation apparatus to calculate an estimate residual chromatic dispersion value of the received optical signals. A tuneable dispersion compensation module is set to perform optical compensation of a residual chromatic dispersion of the received optical signals depending on calculated estimate residual chromatic dispersion value of the received optical signals.
A method for generating a tone signal (TS) having a tone frequency, f, wherein the method comprises the following steps: supplying (S1) a binary bit stream (BBS) having a mark pattern with a supply bit rate, BR, to a signal filter unit; and filtering (S2) the supplied binary bit stream (BBS) by said signal filter unit to generate the tone signal (TS), wherein the mark pattern of the binary bit stream (BBS) supplied to said signal filter unit is adapted to minimize a ratio of the supply bit rate, BR, to the tone frequency, f, of the generated tone signal (TS).
A redundant optical radiant energy source, especially for metrology applications, including a redundant optical device for creating optical radiation including at least two semiconductor lasers, which are provided on a thermally conducting laser support, at least one thermal sensor configured to detect the temperature of the laser support or at least one of the semiconductor lasers, respectively; and a heating/cooling device thermally connected to or integrally provided with the laser support.
The invention relates to an optical interference filter device which defines a first periodic filter frequency response between a first filter output port and a filter input port and a second periodic filter frequency response having the same free spectral range as the first periodic frequency response between a second filter output port and the filter input port. The first and second periodic filter frequency responses are shifted versus each other by a predetermined optical frequency distance.
G02B 6/12 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
H04B 10/12 - Transmission through light guides, e.g. optical fibres (H04B 10/22, H04B 10/24, H04B 10/30 take precedence);;
G02B 6/293 - Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
G02B 6/42 - Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
A method for creating an optical binary digital transmit signal to be supplied to an optical transmission link including: operating an optical transmitter in such a state that mode hopping occurs between a predefined first and a predefined second optical mode of the optical transmitter if a binary digital modulation signal is supplied to the optical transmitter and creating a modulated optical output signal of the optical transmitter corresponding to the binary digital modulation signal supplied to the optical transmitter. The modulated optical output signal is optically filtered in such a way that at least a portion of the optical power spectrum of the modulated optical output signal caused by a selected one of the first and second optical modes is suppressed or at least substantially attenuated.
A method for scheduling a transmission of packets within a network using a common periodic time window, having a congestion protected section, partitioned into time slots, including time slots dedicated to packets being sensitive to a delay variation.
A method and apparatus for logging transient events of an optical fiber span within a fiber optic system, the method comprising the steps of sampling measured values of at least one signal parameter of an optical signal transported through said optical fiber span, OFS; processing the sampled measurement values to detect an occurrence of a transient event during transport of the optical signal through said optical fiber span, OFS; and providing each detected transient event with a time stamp for correlation with other monitored events within said fiber optic system.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
H04L 12/24 - Arrangements for maintenance or administration
An apparatus for monitoring a performance of an Ethernet data stream, EDS, said apparatus comprising: an evaluation unit adapted to evaluate sync headers and block type fields of line code vectors of the Ethernet data stream, EDS; and a counter unit adapted to increment at least one performance counter in response to the evaluated sync header and the evaluated block type field of each line code vector of the Ethernet data stream, EDS.
H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
H04L 25/49 - Transmitting circuitsReceiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitterTransmitting circuitsReceiving circuits using predistortionTransmitting circuitsReceiving circuits using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrumTransmitting circuitsReceiving circuits using three or more amplitude levels
76.
Device and a method for extracting timing information from a radio signal
A device for producing timing information comprises equipment (101) that extracts first preliminary timing information from a first circular polarized component of a radio signal and second preliminary timing information from a second circular polarized component of the radio signal. The second circular polarized component has an opposite handedness and a time-delay with respect to the first circular polarized component. The device comprises a processing system (102) that produces the timing information based on the first preliminary timing information and/or the second preliminary timing information, and uses stored correction data for reducing the effect of the time-delay on the timing information when using the second preliminary timing information for producing the timing information. Thus, the timing information corresponds to the first preliminary timing information also when the timing information is produced based on the second preliminary timing information.
G01S 19/01 - Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
G01S 19/39 - Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
77.
Method and apparatus for automatic determination of a fiber type
A method and apparatus for automatic determination of a fiber type of at least one optical fiber span used in a link of an optical network, the method comprising the steps of measuring a length of said optical fiber span; measuring a chromatic dispersion of said optical fiber span; determining a fiber dispersion profile of said optical fiber span on the basis of the measured length and the measured fiber chromatic dispersion; and determining a fiber category and/or a specific fiber type of said optical fiber span depending on the determined fiber dispersion profile.
G01N 21/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
G02B 6/42 - Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
A method for establishing an embedded optical communication channel in an optical WDM transmission system including: creating, at the central network device, a broad-band optical signal, supplying the broadband optical signal, transmitting the broadband optical signal and the plurality of second optical channel signals to an optical demultiplexer device, transmitting an optical signal consisting of a dedicated second optical channel signal and a filtered broadband optical signal; receiving the optical signal and creating a corresponding electrical receive signal and extracting the electrical signal corresponding to the filtered broadband optical signal from the electrical receive signal and detecting whether the electrical signal contains information intended for the respective first channel transceiver.
A pair of brackets to allow a component with a chassis of width W to be installed in one of three standardized racks, a wide gap rack, a narrow gap rack, or an intermediate gap rack. Each bracket having a corner between a short leg and a long leg, longer than the short leg. The brackets may also be used to mount the component to a wall instead of installed in a standardized rack.
F16M 13/02 - Other supports for positioning apparatus or articlesMeans for steadying hand-held apparatus or articles for supporting on, or attaching to, an object, e.g. tree, gate, window-frame, cycle
A47B 96/06 - Brackets or similar supporting means for cabinets, racks or shelves
F16L 3/14 - Hangers in the form of bands or chains
F16L 3/24 - Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets with special member for attachment to profiled girders
H05K 7/14 - Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
E05D 15/24 - Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding vertically more or less in their own plane consisting of parts connected at their edges
A47B 81/06 - Furniture aspects of radio, television, gramophone, or record cabinets
80.
Method and transmitter device for creating an optical transmit signal
A method for creating an optical transmit signal includes creating an electrical discrete multi-tone signal according to digital input data carrying the information to be transmitted, the discrete multi-tone signal having a plurality of electrical partial signals, each electrical partial signal defining a sub-channel. Each electrical partial signal includes a sub-carrier at a predetermined sub-carrier frequency which is modulated according to a dedicated modulation scheme, so that a dedicated portion of the digital input data is included in each sub-channel. The method includes creating an optical signal by using the electrical discrete multi-tone signal as modulating signal for amplitude-modulating the intensity of an optical carrier signal. The method further includes bandpass-filtering the optical signal in order to create an optical single sideband or vestigial sideband transmit signal. An optical transmitter device for creating such an optical transmit signal and to an optical transmitter and receiver device includes a respective optical transmitter device.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
A fiber temperature control assembly comprising a spool holding element adapted to hold a fiber spool and a compression element adapted to press fiber windings of a doped optical fiber wound around the fiber spool against said spool holding element being in thermal contact with a heating and/or cooling element of said fiber temperature control assembly.
A wavelength division multiplexed telecommunication system with automatic compensation of chromatic dispersion in a predetermined wavelength band, said WDM telecommunication system comprising a probe signal detection unit at a receiver side adapted to detect amplitude modulated probe signals generated by a probe signal generation unit at a transmitter side with a predetermined relative phase difference and transmitted through an optical link to said receiver side; and a chromatic dispersion compensation unit adapted to compensate the chromatic dispersion in response to a relative phase difference of the amplitude modulated probe signals detected by said probe signal detection unit at the receiver side.
Disclosed is an optical multichannel transmission and/or reception module, in particular for high-bitrate digital optical signals, with a housing having multiple optical input ports and/or optical output ports and containing an electric assembly and an essentially flat opto-electric module connected electrically to the electric assembly. Multiple electro-optic transmission elements and/or multiple opto-electric reception elements are located on or in the opto-electric module. The opto-electric module has an optical coupling area on one of its surfaces that is connected to the respective first ends of multiple optical waveguides. The opto-electric module has multiple optic paths for optical connection of each first end of an optic waveguide with an associated electro-optic transmission element and/or an associated opto-electric reception element.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
G02B 6/42 - Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
Disclosed is a random light collector device including a reflecting cavity configured to enclose a random light source that randomly transmits photons. The reflecting cavity has an inner wall adapted to reflect at least a portion of the photons to an output port and guiding means for directing the photons to a photodetector. The guiding means is a hollow tube having an inner wall adapted to reflect the photons, wherein a first end of the hollow tube is connected to or positioned adjacent to the output port of the reflecting cavity and wherein the photodetector is provided within the hollow tube or at a second end such that a sensitive area of the photodetector covers the cross-section of the second end.
Verification of continuity for a network service path that includes at least one network function that blocks test packets may be achieved by providing a bypass mechanism to bypass test packets around the at least one network function that blocks test packets. Verification of continuity may be done when the network service is available for active use or when it is not ready for active use. Detection of a continuity problem leads to more detailed diagnostic work.
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
86.
Method and system for facilitating participation of an intermediary network device in a security gateway communication between at least one base station and a core network portion in a cellular communication network
A method for facilitating participation of an intermediary network device in a security gateway communication including: establishing a secure channel between the intermediary network device and a security gateway; transmitting a virtual machine instantiation command generated by software running in the security gateway to the intermediary network device; instantiating a virtual machine on the intermediary network device; when establishing a secure communication session between the at least one base station and the core network portion via the security gateway for the first time, establishing an Internet Key Exchange communication between the virtual machine and the security gateway and transmitting session keys from the security gateway to the virtual machine during the Internet Key Exchange communication; establishing an IPsec tunnel between the virtual machine and the security gateway.
A method for traffic engineering on an optical transport network, OTN, comprising network elements implementing asymmetric OTN switches, said method comprising discovering by each network element of said network ODUk containers available on each of locally terminated traffic engineering, TE, links and identifying the switching limitations of the discovered ODUk containers with respect to how said ODUk containers are switchable onto the ODUk containers available on other locally terminated TE links; identifying by said network element groups of ODUk containers available on a given TE link exhibiting identical switching limitations; negotiating by said network element with its neighboring network elements properties of to be advertised child TE links each associated with a separate ODUk group; and advertising by said network element for each identified group of ODUk containers a separate child TE link parallel to the original parent TE link, wherein each advertised child TE link indicates the total number of available ODUk containers within the respective ODUk group along with the identified switching limitations exhibited by the ODUk containers of said ODUk group and wherein the re-advertised parent TE link indicates the number of available ODUk containers reduced to account for the ODUk containers associated with the separately advertised child TE links.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
The invention relates to an optical WDM transmission network including at least one optical line terminal, a remote node and a plurality of optical network units. The at least one optical line terminal is connected to the optical remote node via an optical WDM path. Each optical network unit is connected to the optical remote node via an optical distribution path.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
H04B 10/25 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
89.
Method and device for creating a control channel in an optical transmission signal and method and device for extracting the information included therein
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
90.
Method and system for facilitating coordinated multipoint communication for a client device in a wireless communication network
A method for facilitating coordinated multipoint communication providing a plurality of network interface devices for measuring synchronization accuracy in the backhaul network; creating an actual coverage map for the coordinated multipoint communication analyzing the created actual coverage map to determine whether the backhaul network is sufficient for a selected coordinated multipoint technique; if the backhaul network is not sufficient determining one or more key performance indicators creating a conditional coverage map; comparing the actual coverage map with the conditional coverage map; reconfiguring the wireless communication network if the actual coverage map does not match the conditional coverage map.
H04L 12/28 - Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
H04B 7/024 - Co-operative use of antennas at several sites, e.g. in co-ordinated multipoint or co-operative multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] systems
An apparatus and method for providing a differential latency, DL, between an upstream, US, transmission and a downstream, DS, transmission via an optical transmission link (OTL), said apparatus comprising a measurement unit (2) configured to measure the round trip delays, RTD, of at least two measurement signals having different measurement wavelengths; and a processing unit (3) configured to derive an upstream, US, delay of at least one optical signal at an upstream wavelength from the at least two measured round trip delays, RTD, and to derive a downstream, DS, delay of at least one optical signal at a downstream wavelength from the at least two measured round trip delays, RTD, wherein the differential latency, DL, is calculated on the basis of the derived delays, RTD.
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
H04L 7/00 - Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
H04B 10/071 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
92.
Method and system for establishing a self-organized mobile core in a cellular communication network
A method for establishing a self-organized emergency mobile core in a cellular communication network, the cellular communication network having a core element. The method includes the step of storing program code for implementing core network functionality on at least one stationary network element of the cellular communication network allowing to host virtual network functionality. The core network functionality remains inactive when the core element is available. The method includes the steps of detecting an emergency event within the cellular communication network resulting in an unavailability of the core element, and starting operating the core network functionality in order to establish a self-organized emergency mobile core in response to the detected emergency event.
H04W 24/04 - Arrangements for maintaining operational condition
H04W 24/02 - Arrangements for optimising operational condition
H04L 12/24 - Arrangements for maintenance or administration
H04L 12/707 - Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP] using path redundancy
H04W 36/16 - Performing reselection for specific purposes
H04W 40/22 - Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
H04W 40/24 - Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
A transmitter with at least one optical modulator adapted to modulate the optical signal output by a laser source to generate a modulated optical signal, wherein the optical signal output by the laser source is tapped and supplied to a monitoring circuit comprising an optical front end configured to select signal components of the tapped modulated optical signal and to convert the selected signal components of the tapped modulated optical signal into analog signals, and comprising at least one analog-to-digital converter, ADC, adapted to perform equivalent-time sampling of the analog signals to provide digital signals processed by a processing unit to monitor signal quality of the modulated optical signal.
The invention relates to a method for establishing a communication channel, preferably an embedded control channel, between a central network node and at least one network unit to be integrated in a communication network including the central network node and an arbitrary but limited number of network units. The central network node is adapted to create and output a wavelength-division multiplex (WDM) downstream signal including downstream channel signals to be transmitted to the network units and to receive a WDM upstream signal including upstream channel signals created by the network units.
A Maintenance Entity Group, MEG, End Point, MEP, of a subnetwork within a multi-domain network, said MEP comprising an encapsulation unit configured to encapsulate SOAM frames received by a passive Service Access Point, SAP, of the MEP and a decapsulation unit configured to decapsulate encapsulated SOAM frames received by an active Service Access Point, SAP, of the MEP.
A method for facilitating the establishment of a virtual private network in a cellular communication network comprising the steps of: arranging a network interface device in close proximity to a plurality of antennas; identifying an access request from a client device to establish a virtual private network connection through a core network portion by means of the network interface device; determining application information from the client device by means of the net-work interface device; and comparing the application information to a network information of the core net-work portion to determine whether the application information matches the net-work information by means of the network interface device.
A method for use in connection with a data transmission network includes receiving a plurality of time interval error data samples over a sampling period and comparing a duration of the sampling period to a time threshold for the sampling period. If the duration of the sampling period is less than or equal to the time threshold for the sampling period, the method includes processing the received plurality of data samples so as to calculate in real time a maximum time interval error. However, if the duration of the sampling period exceeds the time threshold for the sampling period, the method includes dividing the sampling period into a finite number of sub-intervals and processing the data samples in each sub-interval so as to produce a respective intermediate result for each sub-interval. Each of these intermediate results is stored directly after it is produced, and these stored intermediate results are processed so as to estimate the maximum time interval error.
A hybrid wavelength division multiplexing system wherein one or more intensity modulated signals generated by optical amplitude modulators are co-propagated with one or more phase modulated signals generated by optical phase modulators, wherein a drive voltage of said optical amplitude modulator is adapted to reduce an extinction ratio of the intensity modulated signal to minimize a cross-phase modulation impact on the co-propagating phase modulated signals.
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
99.
Method and tuning device for tuning a tunable optical transmitter to a predetermined target wavelength
A method for tuning a tunable optical transmitter to a target wavelength includes applying at least one tuning signal to the tunable optical transmitter to control the tunable optical transmitter to create an optical calibration signal according to nominal tuning information for the tunable optical transmitter. The optical calibration signal has a wavelength lying within a secure wavelength range, and the nominal tuning information is based on a nominal wavelength dependency for the tunable optical transmitter. The method also includes measuring a deviation between an actual wavelength dependency of the tunable optical transmitter and the nominal wavelength dependency, and determining calibration information based on that deviation. The calibration information is applied to determine a corrected nominal wavelength dependency from which target tuning information is determined. The tunable optical transmitter is controlled to create an optical channel signal according to the target tuning information.
An apparatus comprising high speed ports connected via an integrated high speed serial switch fabric and serializer/deserializer circuits to an internal processing logic, wherein the high speed serial switch fabric is adapted to switch a serial reception signal received by a high speed port to at least one of at least one other high speed port of the apparatus and to the serializer/deserializer circuit of the receiving high speed port.
H04L 7/033 - Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal- generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
patents