A method and apparatus for removal of hydrogen sulfide from a process gas stream is presented where the process gas is contacted in an absorber with a liquid catalyst to remove the hydrogen sulfide and produce a sweetened process gas stream. The liquid catalyst with absorbed hydrogen sulfide as an admixture is sent directly to a separate stand-alone oxidation unit without subjecting the admixture of spent liquid catalyst to a separation process that removes dissolved gas. The admixture is directed directly into a downcomer in tire oxidation unit positioned between a combined oxidation and. flash stage and a deaeration stage, where hydrocarbon gases carried over from the process gas stream are separated and removed from the oxidation unit. Removing a final admixture from the oxidation unit and recirculating a first portion of the final admixture to the absorber and second portion to a sulfur removal unit that is physically located at elevation above the oxidation unit.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
C01B 17/05 - Preparation of sulfurPurification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by wet processes
2.
CATALYST FOR CARBONYL SULFIDE REMOVAL FROM HYDROCARBONS
A method may include: contacting a feed stream comprising carbonyl sulfide with an aqueous stream comprising water in the presence of a carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis catalyst, wherein the carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis catalyst comprises a solid support and a polyamine covalently bonded to the solid support; and hydrolyzing at least a portion of the carbonyl sulfide to produce at least hydrogen sulfide.
B01J 21/00 - Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
B01J 20/20 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbonSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
An apparatus may include: a flow path defined by a conduit; and a functional polymer disposed in the conduit, wherein the functional polymer comprises a polymer and a macrocycle, wherein the macrocycle is grafted to the polymer by an amide bond formed between the macrocycle and the polymer.
C08G 61/12 - Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
C07D 487/22 - Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
A method of producing a catalytic carbon fiber may include: oxidizing a virgin carbon fiber to produce an oxidized carbon fiber; reacting the oxidized carbon fiber with a polyamine compound to produce an amine modified carbon fiber; and reacting the amine modified carbon fiber with an organometallic macrocycle to produce the catalytic carbon fiber.
A method of producing a catalytic carbon fiber may include: oxidizing a virgin carbon fiber to produce an oxidized carbon fiber; reacting the oxidized carbon fiber with a polyamine compound to produce an amine modified carbon fiber; and reacting the amine modified carbon fiber with an organometallic macrocycle to produce the catalytic carbon fiber.
A method may include: introducing a fluid comprising a first immiscible phase and a second immiscible phase into a contacting vessel (200) comprising multiple contact stages: flowing the fluid through a first fiber bundle (216) disposed in the contacting vessel; separating at least a portion of the first immiscible phase from the second immiscible phase; and flowing the separated portion of the first immiscible phase through a second fiber bundle (218) disposed in the contacting vessel.
C10G 19/02 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions
C10G 53/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one alkaline-treatment step
A method may include: introducing a fluid comprising a first immiscible phase and a second immiscible phase into a contacting vessel (200) comprising multiple contact stages: flowing the fluid through a first fiber bundle (216) disposed in the contacting vessel; separating at least a portion of the first immiscible phase from the second immiscible phase; and flowing the separated portion of the first immiscible phase through a second fiber bundle (218) disposed in the contacting vessel.
B01D 11/04 - Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
B01F 5/00 - Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
C10G 19/02 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions
C10G 53/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one alkaline-treatment step
A fiber bundle liquid-liquid contactor may comprise (100): a vessel (106) comprising: a first inlet (110); a second inlet (112); a mixing zone (102) arranged in the vessel to receive a first liquid from the first inlet and a second liquid from the second inlet, wherein the mixing zone comprises an inductor fluidically coupled to the inlet for the second liquid; and an extraction zone (104) comprising a fiber bundle (108) arranged in the vessel to receive the first liquid and the second liquid from the mixing zone.
A process is presented to treat a process stream containing a hydrocarbon (oil and/or gas) and hydrogen sulfide with a liquid treatment solution containing a sulfur dye catalyst. The process stream can be within a pipeline, wellbore, subsea pipeline or a wellhead that contains hydrogen sulfide where the liquid treatment solution is injected at a predetermined point to define a scavenger zone such that the sulfur dye catalyst in the liquid treatment solution causes the sulfide from the hydrogen sulfide to react with the catalyst. The hydrocarbon component is separated substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide from a spent treatment solution containing spent sulfur dye catalyst which can then be fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate can be recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01D 53/73 - After-treatment of removed components
A process is presented to treat a process stream containing a hydrocarbon (oil and/or gas) and hydrogen sulfide with a liquid treatment solution containing a sulfur dye catalyst. The process stream can be within a pipeline, wellbore, subsea pipeline or a wellhead that contains hydrogen sulfide where the liquid treatment solution is injected at a predetermined point to define a scavenger zone such that the sulfur dye catalyst in the liquid treatment solution causes the sulfide from the hydrogen sulfide to react with the catalyst. The hydrocarbon component is separated substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide from a spent treatment solution containing spent sulfur dye catalyst which can then be fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate can be recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01D 53/73 - After-treatment of removed components
A process is presented where a feed stream containing a hydrogen sulfide and another feed component is introduced into an absorber that the feed stream flows upward from the bottom of the absorber and contacts a liquid treatment solution, where the liquid treatment solution contains a sulfur dye catalyst. The hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the liquid treatment solution and converted into sulfide ions. The other feed component is removed from the absorber vessel substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide and a spent treatment solution is also removed from the absorber vessel and fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide ions to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate is recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
A process is presented where a feed stream containing a hydrogen sulfide and another feed component is introduced into an absorber that the feed stream flows upward from the bottom of the absorber and contacts a liquid treatment solution, where the liquid treatment solution contains a sulfur dye catalyst. The hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the liquid treatment solution and converted into sulfide ions. The other feed component is removed from the absorber vessel substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide and a spent treatment solution is also removed from the absorber vessel and fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide ions to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate is recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
A process for the removal of residual sulfur compounds from rich liquid caustic is disclosed where a single column containing two reaction zones catalytically oxidizes mercaptans to disulfide oils. The second reaction zone utilizes a bundle of vertical hanging fibers and is maintained as a gas continuous phase comprising from about 20% to about 100% by volume vapor. This process is especially useful as part of a hydrocarbon desulfurization process flow scheme.
C10G 27/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen
C10G 19/02 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions
C10G 27/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen in the presence of alkaline solutions
C10G 27/10 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen in the presence of metal-containing organic complexes, e.g. chelates, or cationic ion-exchange resins
A process for the removal of residual sulfur compounds from rich liquid caustic is disclosed where a single column containing two reaction zones catalytically oxidizes mercaptans to disulfide oils. The second reaction zone utilizes a bundle of vertical hanging fibers and is maintained as a gas continuous phase comprising from about 20% to about 100% by volume vapor. This process is especially useful as part of a hydrocarbon desulfurization process flow scheme.
C10G 27/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen
C10G 27/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen in the presence of alkaline solutions
C10G 27/10 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen in the presence of metal-containing organic complexes, e.g. chelates, or cationic ion-exchange resins
C10G 19/02 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions
15.
TREATING SULFUR CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS RECOVERED FROM HYDROCARBONACEOUS DEPOSITS
In a process to treat gaseous components obtained from an in situ recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbonaceous deposit the mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide are separated from each other using lean oil and the hydrogen sulfide further processed to obtain a sulfur-free fuel gas product. The rich oil obtained after treating the gaseous components can be used as a diluent with the liquid hydrocarbons or processed to remove and convert the mercaptans to disulfide oils.
E21B 43/24 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
In an improved fiber-film type contactor/separator an enhanced coalescing zone is provided by the presence of a disengagement device connected to a shroud that contains a bundle of high surface area vertical hanging fibers, where the enhanced coalescing zone diverts a portion of an admixture of immiscible liquids to flow radially in a path not parallel to the vertical axis of the hanging fibers whereby the diverted portion of liquids contacts a coalescing surface to cause at least one of the liquids to coalesce into droplets. The immiscible liquids are allowed to settle into separate phase layers and first and second outlets selectively remove the higher density liquid from the lower density liquid.
An integrated unit operations for the treatment of a waste stream, such as spent caustic, is provided in a single vertical vessel having at least three separate zones: a mixing, a settling, and a mass transfer zone.
C02F 1/20 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
C02F 1/40 - Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
C02F 1/66 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisationTreatment of water, waste water, or sewage pH adjustment
B01D 17/032 - Separation of non-miscible liquids by gravity, in a settling tank provided with special equipment for removing at least one of the separated liquids
C02F 103/36 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the chemical industry not provided for in groups from the manufacture of organic compounds
In a catalytic treatment process, mercaptans in sour hydrocarbon are oxidized to disulfide oils using an aqueous treatment solution containing a chelated polyvalent metal catalyst, alkali metal hydroxide, and the alkali metal salt of at least one alcohol in a non- dispersive mixing apparatus wherein an upgraded hydrocarbon containing the disulfide oils is produced.
C10G 17/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
C10G 19/04 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions containing solubilisers, e.g. solutisers
C10G 27/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen in the presence of alkaline solutions
C10G 27/10 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen in the presence of metal-containing organic complexes, e.g. chelates, or cationic ion-exchange resins
C07C 319/30 - SeparationPurification from the by-products of refining mineral oils
19.
HIGH PRESSURE REDUCTION-OXIDATION DESULFURIZATION PROCESS
An improved process for reduction-oxidation desulphurization uses an oxidizer operating at a pressure greater than the absorber where a liquid reduction-oxidation catalyst solution contacts a sulfur-containing gas feed stream.
A one-step process for desulfurizing an oxidized sulfone-containing fuel stream, such as a diesel stream, is disclosed where mass transfer and conversion of sulfone occurs simultaneously such that the sulfur atom in sulfone molecule is removed as sulfite to provide a low-sulfur diesel stream. The diesel stream for treatment is obtained as a result of the oxidation of a thiophene-rich diesel stream with an oxidant to provide a sulfone- containing diesel stream. The one-step process uses a single vessel having a shroud of vertical hanging fibers to affect the mass transfer of sulfones in diesel into contacting with an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide where it is converted to sulfite and biphenyls. The sulfite-rich aqueous solution and low sulfur diesel are then separately removed from the vessel.
C10G 67/10 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including alkaline treatment as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
C10G 19/02 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions
C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
A separation process for separating two or more immiscible liquids using contactors utilizing high surface area vertical hanging fibers is disclosed. This separation process is especially useful in the separation of disulfide oil formed during the oxidation of spent caustic solution that was used to remove sulfur contaminates from light hydrocarbons.
An apparatus and method of contacting a liquid with different gases sequentially in separate mass transfer zones within a single vessel, the mass transfer zones operatively in fluid communication with each other, including intimately contacting the liquid with a process gas in co-current flow in a downstream mass transfer zone to effect mass transfer between the liquid and the process gas, and introducing the liquid into an upstream mass transfer zone with a second gas, different from the process gas, thereby effecting mass transfer between the liquid and the second gas. The rate of flow of the liquid from the upstream mass transfer zone to downstream mass transfer zone is controlled by the controlled addition of a third gas into one or more downcomers separating each mass transfer zone such that the specific density of the liquid in the downcomers provides a driving force that controls flow.
A liquid separator system having a gas phase zone, an aqueous phase zone and a denser liquid zone is used to separate mixtures of fluids. The separator can be used for separating molten sulfur from liquid redox solution or reslurry water. The system includes a vessel with a top part and a bottom part. The vessel has a larger diameter at the top part than at the bottom part. The system also includes an inlet for introducing a redox solution or reslurry water and molten sulfur, which is denser than redox solution or reslurry water, into the vessel. An outlet near the bottom part of the vessel allows a flow of the molten sulfur from the vessel. An interface control structure senses an interface level between the redox solution or reslurry water and the molten sulfur, and the interface control structure controls the flow of molten sulfur from the outlet. The interface control structure is adjusted to optimally alter the vertical height of the interface level within the vessel so that the residence time of the molten sulfur in the vessel does not decrease as the sulfur production throughput decreases, and so that the interface area of the molten sulfur and the redox solution is reduced as the sulfur throughput decreases. A pressure controller monitors the pressure in the vessel and adds or removes gas from a gas phase zone in the vessel to maintain a predetermined pressure regardless of the vertical height of the interface.
In a catalytic treatment process, mercaptans in sour hydrocarbon are oxidized to disulfide oils using an aqueous treatment solution containing a chelated polyvalent metal catalyst, alkali metal hydroxide, and the alkali metal salt of at least one alcohol in a non- dispersive mixing apparatus wherein an upgraded hydrocarbon containing the disulfide oils is produced.
C10G 17/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
C10G 19/04 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions containing solubilisers, e.g. solutisers
C10G 27/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen in the presence of alkaline solutions
C10G 27/10 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen in the presence of metal-containing organic complexes, e.g. chelates, or cationic ion-exchange resins
C07C 319/30 - SeparationPurification from the by-products of refining mineral oils
An integrated unit operations for the treatment of a waste stream, such as spent caustic, is provided in a single vertical vessel having at least three separate zones: a mixing, a settling, and a mass transfer zone.
An integrated unit operations for the treatment of a waste stream, such as spent caustic, is provided in a single vertical vessel (1) having at least three separate zones: a mixing (2), a settling (3), and a mass transfer (4) zone.
A process for the removal of residual sulfur compounds from a liquid caustic stream is disclosed. One embodiment of my invention adsorbs disulfides from a caustic stream using an activated carbon adsorbent while another combines both oxidation and adsorption in single step to remove residual sulfur compounds from a rich caustic stream using metal phthalocyanine supported on a solid adsorbent. This process is especially useful as a polishing step in a caustic regeneration process flow scheme.
A separation process for separating two or more immiscible liquids using fiber-film technology (fiber-film coalescer) is disclosed. This separation process is especially useful in the separation of disulfide oil formed during the oxidation of spent caustic solution that was used to remove sulfur contaminates from light hydrocarbons.
patents
